HIVn.

Brit.

/ˌeɪtʃʌɪˈviː/, U.S.

/ˌeɪtʃˌaɪˈvi/

Origin: Formed within English, as an initialism. Etymon: human immunodeficiency virus n. at human adj. and n. Compounds 1b.

Etymology: Initialism < the initial letters of human immunodeficiency virus n. at human adj. and n. Compounds 1b; see quot. 1986² at sense 1.

1. Human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus (genus Lentivirus) which chronically infects cells of the human immune system and causes AIDS, and which is transmitted mainly by sexual activity, by contaminated blood products and needles, and between infected mothers and their babies during delivery or breastfeeding; an isolate, strain, or type of this virus. In later use also (loosely): infection with this virus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of

latent virus1750

influenza virus1880

poxvirus1891

filter-passer1906

mosaic virus1914

bacteriophage1921

herpes virus1925

Rous sarcoma virus1925

Rous virus1925

papillomavirus1935

poliovirus1939

Semliki Forest virus1944

actinophage1947

mycophage1947

mengovirus1949

tumour virus1950

Zika1952

mycobacteriophage1953

Sindbis virus1953

myxovirus1954

echovirus1955

RNA virus1955

adenovirus1956

SV1956

arborvirus1957

enterovirus1957

foamy virus1957

respiratory syncytial virus1957

polyoma1958

parainfluenza1959

reovirus1959

arbovirus1960

cytomegalovirus1960

TMV1960

vacuolating agent or virus1960

Coxsackie virus1961

rhinovirus1961

RSV1961

papovavirus1962

paramyxovirus1962

picornavirus1962

mycophage1963

parvovirus1965

rhabdovirus1966

Ross River virus1966

coronavirus1968

EBV1968

Epstein–Barr virus1968

leukovirus1968

CMV1969

arenovirus1970

oncornavirus1970

togavirus1970

alphavirus1971

calicivirus1971

Dane particle1971

flavivirus1971

flavovirus1971

maedi1971

orbivirus1971

mycovirus1972

visna-maedi virus1972

flu virus1973

maedi-visna virus1973

corona1974

orthopoxvirus1974

rotavirus1974

whitepox1974

retravirus1975

Ebola virus1976

morbillivirus1976

retrovirus1976

Ebola1977

lentivirus1979

reassortant1979

HTLV1980

morbilli1981

filovirus1982

LAV1983

CV1985

HIV1986

HIV virus1987

C-192020

Covid2020

Covid-192020

CV-192020

1986 Capital Gay 11 Apr. 4 An international committee on viral names has been looking into the problem, and was rumoured to have agreed on ‘human immune deficiency virus’ (HIDV or HIV).]

1986 J. Coffin et al. in Nature 1 May 10 We propose that the AIDS retroviruses be officially designated as the human immunodeficiency viruses, to be known in abbreviated form as HIV.

1987 A. M. Brandt No Magic Bullet (new ed.) vi. 191 Current projections suggest that more than 50 percent of an estimated 250,000 intravenous drug users in New York City have been exposed to HIV.

1992 World Press Rev. Jan. 12/2 Straight, unprotected sex may be the major route of transmission of HIV, especially among migrant workers.

1997 Village Voice (N.Y.) 23 Sept. 131/6 Frankly, you should be more concerned about, say, herpes or genital warts than dumb old HIV.

2008 Guardian 8 Oct. (Society section) 7/1 With one in five people in South Africa living with HIV and Aids, and most of them poor, by custom and necessity many have turned to traditional medicines.

2. With distinguishing numeral (now as HIV-1 and HIV-2): either of the two recognized types of this virus.HIV-1 and HIV-2 are believed to have evolved in Africa from strains of simian immunodeficiency virus affecting chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, respectively. HIV-1 now has a global distribution, and tends to cause more severe disease. HIV-2 remains endemic mainly in West Africa.

ΚΠ

1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 Aug. 3/6 He said the antigens of HIV II would have to be incorporated into blood testing to protect supplies.

1990 Nature 12 July 95/2 The researchers do not yet know whether the patient was infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2, but are planning to sequence the proviral DNA to find out.

1992 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 23 July a 3/5 Adamson said the blood center would discuss ways to ‘keep tight’ on the blood-screening process—which includes..a blood test that screens for eight sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV-1 and the rarer HIV-2.

2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Sept. 53/3 There are two critically important proteins on the surface of HIV-1, which are called gp120 and gp41.

2009 Nature 23 July 470/2 Today's pandemic strain of HIV-1 crossed the species barrier from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to humans less than 100 years ago.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1986 Nature 1 May 10/2 HIV isolates are numerous and display considerable genetic heterogeneity, particularly in the env gene.

1989 Which? Sept. 453/3 Nobody has the right to insurance, and if you've taken an HIV test which was positive, you won't be able to get cover.

1991 N.Y. Woman June–July 81/3 Almost all doctors who treat HIV disease believe that AZT (azidothymidine) is effective in preventing the onset of symptoms.

1997 K. J. Doka Aids, Fear, & Society v. 88 Cases of HIV infection..have rapidly increased in southeast Asia even though these societies had more than a decade to attempt to forestall an epidemic.

2004 South Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 9 July 1 Asylum seekers from Aids-rife countries are being channelled to cities like Swansea because of their HIV treatment centres.

2009 Mail & Guardian (Johannesburg) 11 June 16/3 In resource-poor settings where the WHO criteria are not met, the risks of not breastfeeding and the hazards of formula feeding outweigh the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.

C2.

HIV/AIDS n. (also HIV AIDS, HIV–AIDS) HIV infection and AIDS considered as a spectrum or a single entity.

ΚΠ

1986 Press-Courier (Oxnard, Calif.) 27 July 6/4 The fear of quarantine or other discriminatory measures will make people reluctant to be tested for HIV (AIDS) antibodies.]

1986 Chicago Tribune 9 Nov. xviii. 2/2 An FDA approved spermicide has proved effective in killing the HIV AIDS virus.

2003 Australian 15 July (Brisbane ed.) 8/4 Gaddafi has provoked uproar at an African heads of government summit, declaring that HIV-AIDS, malaria and tsetse fly were emissaries of God sent to prevent the white man from recolonising Africa.

2008 R. Moore & G. Owen My Word is my Bond (2009) 381 The UNICEF China initiative in bringing children orphaned by HIV/AIDS to summer camps.

HIV-negative adj. showing a negative reaction in tests for infection with HIV; not infected with HIV.

ΚΠ

1986 Lancet 5 July 45/1 The fluids..were sterile filtered and added to the permissive H9 cell line (HIV negative, kindly supplied by Dr Robert C. Gallo, NIH).

1993 Spin Apr. 77/1 So-called ‘discordant’ couples, where one partner is sick, HIV-positive, or has died of AIDS, while the other is HIV-negative and healthy, are common in the West and also in Africa.

2003 Queensland Pride 7 Nov. 12/2 I was in a relationship with an HIV-positive man for 13 years,..and despite his HIV and eventual death from the disease, I remained HIV negative.

HIV-positive adj. showing a positive reaction in tests for infection with HIV; infected with HIV.

ΚΠ

1986 New Statesman 20 June 18/2 A more immediate and already very real concern of organised gays in America is that HIV-positive status will result in the individuals being denied health insurance.

1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 19 Nov. 11/4 A UN report says mother-to-baby transmission can be reduced by providing HIV positive women with antiretroviral drugs and alternatives to breastmilk.

2006 ‘T. Reynolds’ Blood, Sweat & Tea (2009) 53 She asked me a load of questions about how I would cope if I were to be found HIV positive.

HIV virus n. = sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of

latent virus1750

influenza virus1880

poxvirus1891

filter-passer1906

mosaic virus1914

bacteriophage1921

herpes virus1925

Rous sarcoma virus1925

Rous virus1925

papillomavirus1935

poliovirus1939

Semliki Forest virus1944

actinophage1947

mycophage1947

mengovirus1949

tumour virus1950

Zika1952

mycobacteriophage1953

Sindbis virus1953

myxovirus1954

echovirus1955

RNA virus1955

adenovirus1956

SV1956

arborvirus1957

enterovirus1957

foamy virus1957

respiratory syncytial virus1957

polyoma1958

parainfluenza1959

reovirus1959

arbovirus1960

cytomegalovirus1960

TMV1960

vacuolating agent or virus1960

Coxsackie virus1961

rhinovirus1961

RSV1961

papovavirus1962

paramyxovirus1962

picornavirus1962

mycophage1963

parvovirus1965

rhabdovirus1966

Ross River virus1966

coronavirus1968

EBV1968

Epstein–Barr virus1968

leukovirus1968

CMV1969

arenovirus1970

oncornavirus1970

togavirus1970

alphavirus1971

calicivirus1971

Dane particle1971

flavivirus1971

flavovirus1971

maedi1971

orbivirus1971

mycovirus1972

visna-maedi virus1972

flu virus1973

maedi-visna virus1973

corona1974

orthopoxvirus1974

rotavirus1974

whitepox1974

retravirus1975

Ebola virus1976

morbillivirus1976

retrovirus1976

Ebola1977

lentivirus1979

reassortant1979

HTLV1980

morbilli1981

filovirus1982

LAV1983

CV1985

HIV1986

HIV virus1987

C-192020

Covid2020

Covid-192020

CV-192020

1987 Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 2/6 One of the two blood donors had been found not to be carrying the HIV virus, but the other could not be traced.

1997 ‘J. Kincaid’ My Brother 8 I told him to protect himself from the HIV virus and he laughed at me and said that he would never get such a stupid thing.

2005 N. Gershenfeld FAB 248 The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a fiendishly clever mechanism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hiv
释义	HIVn. Brit. /ˌeɪtʃʌɪˈviː/, U.S. /ˌeɪtʃˌaɪˈvi/ Origin: Formed within English, as an initialism. Etymon: human immunodeficiency virus n. at human adj. and n. Compounds 1b. Etymology: Initialism < the initial letters of human immunodeficiency virus n. at human adj. and n. Compounds 1b; see quot. 1986² at sense 1. 1. Human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus (genus Lentivirus) which chronically infects cells of the human immune system and causes AIDS, and which is transmitted mainly by sexual activity, by contaminated blood products and needles, and between infected mothers and their babies during delivery or breastfeeding; an isolate, strain, or type of this virus. In later use also (loosely): infection with this virus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of latent virus1750 influenza virus1880 poxvirus1891 filter-passer1906 mosaic virus1914 bacteriophage1921 herpes virus1925 Rous sarcoma virus1925 Rous virus1925 papillomavirus1935 poliovirus1939 Semliki Forest virus1944 actinophage1947 mycophage1947 mengovirus1949 tumour virus1950 Zika1952 mycobacteriophage1953 Sindbis virus1953 myxovirus1954 echovirus1955 RNA virus1955 adenovirus1956 SV1956 arborvirus1957 enterovirus1957 foamy virus1957 respiratory syncytial virus1957 polyoma1958 parainfluenza1959 reovirus1959 arbovirus1960 cytomegalovirus1960 TMV1960 vacuolating agent or virus1960 Coxsackie virus1961 rhinovirus1961 RSV1961 papovavirus1962 paramyxovirus1962 picornavirus1962 mycophage1963 parvovirus1965 rhabdovirus1966 Ross River virus1966 coronavirus1968 EBV1968 Epstein–Barr virus1968 leukovirus1968 CMV1969 arenovirus1970 oncornavirus1970 togavirus1970 alphavirus1971 calicivirus1971 Dane particle1971 flavivirus1971 flavovirus1971 maedi1971 orbivirus1971 mycovirus1972 visna-maedi virus1972 flu virus1973 maedi-visna virus1973 corona1974 orthopoxvirus1974 rotavirus1974 whitepox1974 retravirus1975 Ebola virus1976 morbillivirus1976 retrovirus1976 Ebola1977 lentivirus1979 reassortant1979 HTLV1980 morbilli1981 filovirus1982 LAV1983 CV1985 HIV1986 HIV virus1987 C-192020 Covid2020 Covid-192020 CV-192020 1986 Capital Gay 11 Apr. 4 An international committee on viral names has been looking into the problem, and was rumoured to have agreed on ‘human immune deficiency virus’ (HIDV or HIV).] 1986 J. Coffin et al. in Nature 1 May 10 We propose that the AIDS retroviruses be officially designated as the human immunodeficiency viruses, to be known in abbreviated form as HIV. 1987 A. M. Brandt No Magic Bullet (new ed.) vi. 191 Current projections suggest that more than 50 percent of an estimated 250,000 intravenous drug users in New York City have been exposed to HIV. 1992 World Press Rev. Jan. 12/2 Straight, unprotected sex may be the major route of transmission of HIV, especially among migrant workers. 1997 Village Voice (N.Y.) 23 Sept. 131/6 Frankly, you should be more concerned about, say, herpes or genital warts than dumb old HIV. 2008 Guardian 8 Oct. (Society section) 7/1 With one in five people in South Africa living with HIV and Aids, and most of them poor, by custom and necessity many have turned to traditional medicines. 2. With distinguishing numeral (now as HIV-1 and HIV-2): either of the two recognized types of this virus.HIV-1 and HIV-2 are believed to have evolved in Africa from strains of simian immunodeficiency virus affecting chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, respectively. HIV-1 now has a global distribution, and tends to cause more severe disease. HIV-2 remains endemic mainly in West Africa. ΚΠ 1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 Aug. 3/6 He said the antigens of HIV II would have to be incorporated into blood testing to protect supplies. 1990 Nature 12 July 95/2 The researchers do not yet know whether the patient was infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2, but are planning to sequence the proviral DNA to find out. 1992 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 23 July a 3/5 Adamson said the blood center would discuss ways to ‘keep tight’ on the blood-screening process—which includes..a blood test that screens for eight sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV-1 and the rarer HIV-2. 2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Sept. 53/3 There are two critically important proteins on the surface of HIV-1, which are called gp120 and gp41. 2009 Nature 23 July 470/2 Today's pandemic strain of HIV-1 crossed the species barrier from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to humans less than 100 years ago. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1986 Nature 1 May 10/2 HIV isolates are numerous and display considerable genetic heterogeneity, particularly in the env gene. 1989 Which? Sept. 453/3 Nobody has the right to insurance, and if you've taken an HIV test which was positive, you won't be able to get cover. 1991 N.Y. Woman June–July 81/3 Almost all doctors who treat HIV disease believe that AZT (azidothymidine) is effective in preventing the onset of symptoms. 1997 K. J. Doka Aids, Fear, & Society v. 88 Cases of HIV infection..have rapidly increased in southeast Asia even though these societies had more than a decade to attempt to forestall an epidemic. 2004 South Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 9 July 1 Asylum seekers from Aids-rife countries are being channelled to cities like Swansea because of their HIV treatment centres. 2009 Mail & Guardian (Johannesburg) 11 June 16/3 In resource-poor settings where the WHO criteria are not met, the risks of not breastfeeding and the hazards of formula feeding outweigh the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. C2. HIV/AIDS n. (also HIV AIDS, HIV–AIDS) HIV infection and AIDS considered as a spectrum or a single entity. ΚΠ 1986 Press-Courier (Oxnard, Calif.) 27 July 6/4 The fear of quarantine or other discriminatory measures will make people reluctant to be tested for HIV (AIDS) antibodies.] 1986 Chicago Tribune 9 Nov. xviii. 2/2 An FDA approved spermicide has proved effective in killing the HIV AIDS virus. 2003 Australian 15 July (Brisbane ed.) 8/4 Gaddafi has provoked uproar at an African heads of government summit, declaring that HIV-AIDS, malaria and tsetse fly were emissaries of God sent to prevent the white man from recolonising Africa. 2008 R. Moore & G. Owen My Word is my Bond (2009) 381 The UNICEF China initiative in bringing children orphaned by HIV/AIDS to summer camps. HIV-negative adj. showing a negative reaction in tests for infection with HIV; not infected with HIV. ΚΠ 1986 Lancet 5 July 45/1 The fluids..were sterile filtered and added to the permissive H9 cell line (HIV negative, kindly supplied by Dr Robert C. Gallo, NIH). 1993 Spin Apr. 77/1 So-called ‘discordant’ couples, where one partner is sick, HIV-positive, or has died of AIDS, while the other is HIV-negative and healthy, are common in the West and also in Africa. 2003 Queensland Pride 7 Nov. 12/2 I was in a relationship with an HIV-positive man for 13 years,..and despite his HIV and eventual death from the disease, I remained HIV negative. HIV-positive adj. showing a positive reaction in tests for infection with HIV; infected with HIV. ΚΠ 1986 New Statesman 20 June 18/2 A more immediate and already very real concern of organised gays in America is that HIV-positive status will result in the individuals being denied health insurance. 1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 19 Nov. 11/4 A UN report says mother-to-baby transmission can be reduced by providing HIV positive women with antiretroviral drugs and alternatives to breastmilk. 2006 ‘T. Reynolds’ Blood, Sweat & Tea (2009) 53 She asked me a load of questions about how I would cope if I were to be found HIV positive. HIV virus n. = sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of latent virus1750 influenza virus1880 poxvirus1891 filter-passer1906 mosaic virus1914 bacteriophage1921 herpes virus1925 Rous sarcoma virus1925 Rous virus1925 papillomavirus1935 poliovirus1939 Semliki Forest virus1944 actinophage1947 mycophage1947 mengovirus1949 tumour virus1950 Zika1952 mycobacteriophage1953 Sindbis virus1953 myxovirus1954 echovirus1955 RNA virus1955 adenovirus1956 SV1956 arborvirus1957 enterovirus1957 foamy virus1957 respiratory syncytial virus1957 polyoma1958 parainfluenza1959 reovirus1959 arbovirus1960 cytomegalovirus1960 TMV1960 vacuolating agent or virus1960 Coxsackie virus1961 rhinovirus1961 RSV1961 papovavirus1962 paramyxovirus1962 picornavirus1962 mycophage1963 parvovirus1965 rhabdovirus1966 Ross River virus1966 coronavirus1968 EBV1968 Epstein–Barr virus1968 leukovirus1968 CMV1969 arenovirus1970 oncornavirus1970 togavirus1970 alphavirus1971 calicivirus1971 Dane particle1971 flavivirus1971 flavovirus1971 maedi1971 orbivirus1971 mycovirus1972 visna-maedi virus1972 flu virus1973 maedi-visna virus1973 corona1974 orthopoxvirus1974 rotavirus1974 whitepox1974 retravirus1975 Ebola virus1976 morbillivirus1976 retrovirus1976 Ebola1977 lentivirus1979 reassortant1979 HTLV1980 morbilli1981 filovirus1982 LAV1983 CV1985 HIV1986 HIV virus1987 C-192020 Covid2020 Covid-192020 CV-192020 1987 Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 2/6 One of the two blood donors had been found not to be carrying the HIV virus, but the other could not be traced. 1997 ‘J. Kincaid’ My Brother 8 I told him to protect himself from the HIV virus and he laughed at me and said that he would never get such a stupid thing. 2005 N. Gershenfeld FAB 248 The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a fiendishly clever mechanism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1986
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