astro-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin astro-; Greek ἀστρο-.

Etymology: < classical Latin astro- (in e.g. astrologia astrology n., astronomia astronomy n.) and its etymon ancient Greek ἀστρο-, combining form (in e.g. ἀστρολογία , ἀστρονομία ) of ἄστρον star < the same Indo-European base as star n.¹ Compare French astro- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 18th cent.), German Astro- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.).Attested earliest in astronomy n., an early 13th-cent. loan from Latin and Greek via French, and subsequently in a number of other similar loans from the classical languages, either directly or via French: astronomien n., astrology n., astrolabe n. Formations within English are found from the 17th cent.

1. Forming terms relating to stars, other celestial objects, or outer space.

† astro-alchemist n. Obsolete a person who combines astrology and alchemy.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist

alchemisterc1405

alchemist?c1425

alkanamyer?c1475

chemic1559

chemist1559

vulcanist?1586

spagyric1593

adeptus1650

elementarist1651

spagyrist1652

trismegist1657

adeptist1662

spagyrite1666

adept1673

transmuter1826

astro-alchemist1876

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > science of nativity > person

birthlotter1549

genethliac1584

nativity-caster1584

birth-gazer1586

welkin-wizard1596

astrologaster1620

genethliatica1649

schemist1652

stoicheiomatic1662

arch-genethliac1835

astro-alchemist1876

1876 M. Collins From Midnight to Midnight III. iv. 29 The astroälchymist regarded him with contemplative compassionate eyes.

astro-archaeologist n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪst/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒəst/

[after astro-archaeology n.] an expert or specialist in astro-archaeology; an archaeoastronomer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun] > archaeoastronomy > person

archaeoastronomer1973

astro-archaeologist1974

the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > types or branches of archaeology > student of or one who practices

pot-hunter1897

rescue archaeologist1946

processualist1949

zooarchaeologist1957

archaeometrist1964

archaeoastronomer1973

astro-archaeologist1974

1974 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 276 175 The temples and pyramids of Egypt have also provided material for the ‘astro-archaeologists’.

1981 Sci. Amer. Oct. 38/1 An Amherst physicist turned astroarchaeologist.

2006 D. Bell Sci., Technol. & Culture 94 We might imagine these cast-offs being picked over by future astro-archaeologists..trying to piece together a story about the Earth's past.

astro-archaeology n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/

= archaeoastronomy n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun] > archaeoastronomy

astro-archaeology1965

archaeoastronomy1968

the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > types or branches of archaeology

prehistoric archaeology1865

ethnoarchaeology1879

archaeozoology1884

pot-hunting1893

rescue archaeology1946

archaeobotany1954

archaeomagnetism1958

archaeometry1958

astro-archaeology1965

salvage archaeology1967

zooarchaeology1967

archaeoastronomy1968

bioarchaeology1972

salvage excavation1972

1965 G. S. Hawkins Stonehenge Decoded viii. 121 If any university or foundation is casting about for promising fields of exploration and research, let it consider astro-archaeology!

1981 G. Daniel Short Hist. Archaeol. v. 196 Von Däniken..has added astronaut archaeology to the already dubious semi-scholarship of astro-archaeology.

2005 G. Lucas Archaeol. Time iii. 73 Astro-archaeology has a long history in the discipline, going back to eighteenth-century Antiquarians, but until recently it was discredited in most academic circles.

astrobiologist n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒɪst/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒəst/

an expert or specialist in astrobiology.

ΚΠ

1908 Flaming Sword 15 Jan. 7/1 The end of any nation may be determined by understanding the character of the configurations at the birth of that nation. All of these possibilities are within the province of the truly scientific Astro-biologist.

1933 Hibbert Jrnl. 31 168 Just as we have astro-physicists, so should we have astro-biologists.

1965 M. L. Stone Man in Space 11 Astrobiologists, scientists who deal with living matter in space, point out that at 12 miles up a man's body fluids would vaporize without a pressurized cabin.

2008 Nature 2 Oct. 575/1 The next Mars rover could end up down in the delta if a group of geologists and astrobiologists get their way.

astrobiology n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒi/

[in sense (b) after French astrobiologie (R. Berthelot 1934, in Revue de métaphysique et de morale July 293)] (a) the study of the influence on living organisms of the cycles and periods of celestial objects; (now disused); (b) a pseudo-metaphysical interpretation of certain belief systems (as of the Chaldeans), postulated as a phase of philosophical development (now historical); (c) the branch of biology concerned with the detection and study of extraterrestrial life; cf. exobiology n. at exo- prefix .

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > ecology > specific habitats

marine biology1880

limnology1893

limnobiology1899

cryobiology1921

hydro-biology1928

soil biology1928

aerobiology1937

astrobiology1941

gnotobiotics1949

saprobiology1958

gnotobiology1963

1898 Cayster Jan. p. ccxii (advt.) The Flaming Sword. The only unique journal in the world!.. Astronomical science the basis of Koreshan theology, astro-biology and social theocracy.

1908 Flaming Sword 15 Jan. 6/2 (heading) The science of astro-biology. Regulation of human affairs by the clock-work of the cosmos.

1934 Mind 43 269 Astro-biology is a combination of belief in astronomical law and in an animistic, or vitalistic, interpretation of all phenomena.

1940 Philos. Rev. 49 21 In astrobiology there is an interlinking of astronomical law and that of vegetable or animal life.

1941 Astron. Soc. Pacific Leaflets Jan. 333 The subject of astrobiology—the consideration of life in the universe elsewhere than on earth—is one that has been so often and so inadequately treated.

1995 New Scientist 27 May 7/1 Scientists who work at NASA's Ames Research Center in northern California..will be moved to a new astrobiology centre.

2007 T. Friend Third Domain i. 10 The psychrophiles are the newest arrivals on the archaeal landscape, bringing with them huge implications for astrobiology.

astrobleme n.

Brit.

/ˈastrə(ʊ)bliːm/

U.S.

/ˈæstrəˌblim/

/ˈæstroʊˌblim/

[ < astro- comb. form + ancient Greek βλῆμα wound caused by a missile ( < βάλλειν to throw (see ballista n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form))] Geology an eroded remnant of an ancient impact crater caused by a meteorite or comet.

ΚΠ

1960 R. S. Dietz in Science 17 June 1781/1 One should find meteorite impact scars or ‘astroblemes’ (a word from Greek roots meaning ‘star’ and ‘wound from a thrown object such as a javelin or stone’) in ancient formations if criteria can be developed for their recognition.

1988 P. Cloud Oasis in Space xi. 251 (caption) The 1.85-aeon-old Sudbury astrobleme is the dim oval left of top center, said to affect a region about 140 km long.

2004 S. N. Koppes Killer Rocks Outer Space ii. 26 In Canada, one astrobleme actually sits partially atop a much older, larger astrobleme.

astrochronological adj.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌkrɑnəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/

of or relating to astrochronology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [adjective] > astro-chronological

astrochronological1757

1757 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. 547 Mr. Cluverus gave in an account of Mr. Wasmuth's astro-chronological tables, whereby he pretended..to determine the motions of the sun, moon and planets..without observations.

1833 Morning Watch 6 401 They are very plainly the Egyptian trinity, incorporated into the astro-chronological system of the Hermaic books.

1851 Househ. Words Mar. 545 Who is to check his astro-chronological computation?

1977 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 37 40 The starting point for an explanation of the fluidity of power in the Somavati Amāvasyā festival..must be..in the astrochronological notions and mythological conceptions preserved in popular Hinduism regarding the special power of amāvayās in general.

2007 V. J. Katz et al. Math. Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, & Islam iv. 394 The problem with astrochronological arguments, though, is that the dating of the event is only as good as the precision of the source.

astrochronology n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊkrəˈnɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊkrəˈnɑlədʒi/

the study of the chronology and periodicity of celestial objects.

ΚΠ

1858 Mechanics' Mag. 31 July 110/1 Mr. Henry Drummond happened to be in Dundee when Mr. Lindsay's recent work on Astro-Chronology was published.

1873 Leisure Hour 22 Mar. 188/1 Mr. Hind's important investigation on historical eclipses..forms a most valuable contribution to what we may appropriately term the science of astro-chronology.

1940 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 50 284 Are there any works dealing with Astro-Chronology and Planetary Cycles in particular?

1999 Guardian 12 Aug. (Online section) 4/3 They used a new technique called astrochronology—measuring the cyclic changes in the earth's distance from the sun—to count back the salt deposits as if they were tree rings.

astrocompass n.

Brit.

/ˈastrəʊˌkʌmpəs/

U.S.

/ˈæstroʊˌkəmpəs/

chiefly Aeronautics an instrument used to determine the direction of true north by reference to the stars.An astrocompass is chiefly used for correcting the errors of magnetic and gyroscopic compasses and as a substitute for these when they cannot be used, such as in polar regions.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > types of

paradoxal compass1558

steering compass1669

variation compass1669

correcting compass1821

telltale1828

pelorus1854

liquid compass1865

gyroscope-compass1909

gyro-compass1910

radio compass1912

gyro1914

gyroscopic compass1920

inductor compass1922

gyro-pilot1923

induction compass1925

astrocompass1942

flux gate compass1946

1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 56 The navigator can prove to himself that the astro-compass wasn't included in the equipment just for fun.

1971 Times 14 Oct. 17/7 The aircraft was fitted only with a Sperry Compass System, which for the North Pole can only be used as a basic direction indicator and an ordinary astro-compass.

2009 Daily Tel. 21 Apr. 29/2 Schofield had to rely on gyromagnetic and astro compasses.

astrodynamics n.

Brit.

/ˌastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪks/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪks/

†(a) the dynamics of celestial objects (obsolete. rare); (b) the dynamics of space flight (cf. aerodynamics n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > science of > specific

astrodynamics1955

bioastronautics1957

1894 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 54 357 It should be the business of practical astronomers so to arrange the methods and the partition of their work that their combined efforts shall produce all requisite results in a complete and uniformly digested shape for the purposes of those engaged in researches in astro-dynamics.

1955 Sci. News Let. 13 Aug. 107/1 Astrodynamics, dealing with ‘the dynamic flight behavior of space vehicles’. It would include the performance kinetics and dynamics, stability and control of spacecraft, similar to aerodynamics in aeronautics.

1974 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) May 129/1 Weather satellites..are injected into orbit at an extremely precise angle of inclination, which is based on mathematical relations worked out by specialists in astrodynamics.

2003 C. M. Gross & J. P. Allen Technol. Transfer for Entrepreneurs 71 The laboratory's [sc. JPL] technical expertise includes astrodynamics and space flight navigation.

astroengineering n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪərɪŋ/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/

(a) (chiefly Science Fiction) large-scale structural engineering in space, esp. such as involves the modification of the physical structure or configuration of a planet, a star, or an entire solar system (cf. terraforming n.); (b) the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of technology for use in space.

ΚΠ

1971 Nature 1 Oct. 295/3 We might first detect other civilizations through evidence of astro-engineering activities such as the construction of devices to capture all the energy of a central star.

1986 Washington Post (Nexis) 30 Nov. c3 Realistic plans are already being made to ‘terraform’ Mars... Among theoreticians, astro-engineering on the scale of a whole planet has been discussed for so long it is almost passe.

1989 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 12 June Phan, 17, plans to get a degree in astro-engineering and hopes to land a job with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1992 Publishers Weekly (Nexis) 20 Apr. 40 Protagonist Randy Hunter's astroengineering firm discovers a lifeform dubbed ‘Silverhair’... By carefully engineering the Silverhair, Hunter and his associates develop a method of building starships that reach near-light speeds.

2005 P. F. Hamilton Judas Unchained xv. 747 With his knowledge of astroengineering and orbital mechanics, the technical types in Adam's team had automatically deferred to him.

astro-fix n.

Brit.

/ˈastrəʊˌfɪks/

U.S.

/ˈæstroʊˌfɪks/

a determination of geographical position, esp. of an aircraft, by observation of the stars.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix

course-setting sight1922

astro-fix1941

astro sight1943

astro shot1946

1941 J. A. Hammerton ABC of RAF 111 If the aircraft is over cloud and with clear sky above, the navigator may use the stars and get an ‘astro’ fix.

1984 Pract. Boat Owner Feb. 97/2 It's a..chart whose purpose is to provide a graphical method of determining the azimuth of a heavenly body when plotting an astro-fix.

2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 8 Feb. 3 Steering the plane on a CL2 compass alone, backed up by dead reckoning and astro-fixes from a periscopic sextant.

astrogeodesy n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊdʒɪˈɒdᵻsi/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊdʒiˈɑdəsi/

the branch of geodesy in which geodetic measurements are made using astronomical techniques; geodetic astronomy.

ΚΠ

1915 E. W. Barlow tr. A. Berget Earth iv. 112 The discovery and measurement of this phenomenon [sc. fluctuation of latitude] perhaps form the most wonderful result of recent astro-geodesy.

1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 230/2 Methods by which a geoidal surface can be determined at sea include (1) astrogeodesy, which involves determination of astronomic coordinates at corresponding points, using surface-based techniques; [etc.].

1998 M. A. R. Cooper in S. N. Lane et al. Landform Monitoring, Modelling & Anal. ii. 25 Geoid maps can be global, regional or national. They are derived by applications of satellite positioning, astrogeodesy, geopotential modelling and gravimetry.

astrogeodetic adj.

Brit.

/ˌastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒiːəˈdɛtɪk/

/ˌastrə(ʊ)dʒɪəˈdɛtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌdʒioʊˈdɛdɪk/

/ˌæstroʊˌdʒiəˈdɛdɪk/

of or relating to astrogeodesy.

ΚΠ

1904 German Educ. Exhib. (World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri) p. vi The remaining collection of instruments for accurate astro-geodetic measurements..can not be considered at all complete.

1958 Bull. Géodésique 1 Dec. 21 In the Crimea the old methods gave very poor agreement between astro-geodetic and gravimetric deviations of the plumb line.

1988 Business Rev. Weekly 18 Mar. 34/1 Greene was director of the astrogeodetic observatory in the Orroral Valley, near Canberra.

2005 I. K. Fischer in ACSM Bull. No. 213. 40/1 Eventually they let us have their collection of astrogeodetic deflections along with their permission to use them for constructing a geoid chart of Australia.

astro-hatch n.

Brit.

/ˈastrəʊˌhatʃ/

U.S.

/ˈæstroʊˌhætʃ/

Aeronautics (now historical) = astrodome n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > fuselage > transparent observation dome

astro-hatch1940

astrodome1941

1940 Times 8 May 4/5 The second pilot stood at the astro-hatch.

1982 H. Hood Black & White Keys i. 47 The silent navigator left his tiny folding desk and climbed awkwardly, his feet jammed into metal stirrups, into the astro hatch.

2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 2 July The sergeant crawled out through the narrow astro-hatch on the end of a rope from the aircraft's emergency dinghy.

astrolithology n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊlᵻˈθɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊləˈθɑlədʒi/

now historical the branch of science that deals with the composition of meteorites; cf. meteoritics n.

ΚΠ

1846 C. U. Shepard in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 2 377 The natural history treatment of the meteoric species will therefore constitute a new science, for which the name Astrolithology is suggested, (from αστὴρ a meteor, λὶθος a stone, and λογος a treatise).

1863 E. Hitchcock Reminisc. Amherst Coll. iii. 102 Since the establishment of a separate chair of Chemistry, his [sc. C. U. Shepard's] lectures have been confined chiefly to Mineralogy and Astrolithology.

1986 J. G. Burke Cosmic Debris iv. 139 ‘Astrolithology’..was a tabulation of the chemical constituents and of the mineral species found in meteorites.

astro-magical adj.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˈmadʒᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˈmædʒək(ə)l/

rare before mid 20th cent. of or relating to astrology or divination by the stars; cf. astromantic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [adjective]

astrological1538

astro-magical1652

astromantic1660

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 73 In Astromagicall Diviners..when Astrologicall Magick had its first profession among men.

1956 Americas 13 84 The Mexican monarch's policy and actions were in complete accord with the astro-magical religion of the Mexico of his day.

2001 J. Assman & A. I. Baumgarten Representation Relig. 235 Some Kabbalists combined Neoplatonic and astro-magical theories.

† astrophanometer n. [ < astro- comb. form + ancient Greek ϕανός bright ( see phanopoeia n.) + -meter comb. form²] Obsolete rare = astrometer n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > stars

astrometer1783

astrophanometer?1810

scintillometer1861

astrophotometer1866

siderostat1868

wedge-photometer1883

scintilloscope1890

?1810 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) III. i. 1/1 Astrophanometer, another name given by Jeaurat to instruments resembling the Astereometers or Astrometers of Jeaurat and Dr Brewster.

astrophobia n.

Brit.

/ˌastrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbɪə/

U.S.

/ˌæstrəˈfoʊbiə/

/ˌæstroʊˈfoʊbiə/

[with sense (b) compare earlier astraphobia n.] †(a) a fear of the influence of the stars (obsolete); (b) a fear of lightning; = astraphobia n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > irrational fears

pneumatophobia1678

hydrophobia1760

aerophobia1771

panophobia1784

phobia1786

pantophobia1807

necrophobia1833

phoby1834

syphilomania1838

hippophobia1840

phonophobia1841

syphilophobia1842

scotophobia1844

astrophobia1855

sitomania1859

sitophobia1859

thanatophobia1860

Satanophobia1861

batrachophobia1863

panphobia1870

agoraphobia1871

bogyphobia1872

pathophobia1873

aquaphobia1875

toxiphobia1876

claustrophobia1879

cynophobia1879

mysophobia1879

siderodromophobia1879

phthisiophobia1883

sitiophobia1884

ochlophobia1885

sitiomania1887

acrophobia1888

zoophobia1888

leprophobia1889

nosophobia1889

pamphobia1890

bacteriophobia1894

tuberculophobia1894

taeniiphobia1897

thalassophobia1897

topophobia1899

dysmorphophobia1900

akathisia1903

cremnophobia1903

musicophobia1903

ailurophobia1905

brontophobia1905

phobism1914

arachnophobia1925

school phobia1930

coprophobia1934

mycophobia1957

arachniphobia1966

computer phobia1972

coulrophobia1997

1855 United Presbyterian Mag. Aug. 346 This astrophobia may be dictated by pure intellect.

1871 W. R. Alger Crit. Hist. Doctr. Future Life (new ed.) 604 Bitten by some theological fear which has given him the astrophobia.

1943 Bios 14 83 A phobia is a fear of something, such as..‘astrophobia’, fear of lightning.

2008 N. Wimmer tr. R. Bolaño 2666 iv. 383 Some Indians suffer from a heightened form of astrophobia, which is fear of meteorological phenomena like thunder and lightning.

astrophotometer n.

Brit.

/ˌastrə(ʊ)fə(ʊ)ˈtɒmᵻtə/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊfəˈtɑmədər/

[after German Astrophotometer ( J. C. F. Zöllner Grundzüge einer allgemeinen Photometrie des Himmels (1861) 5)] Astronomy (now historical) an instrument for measuring the brightness of a star's light.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > stars

astrometer1783

astrophanometer?1810

scintillometer1861

astrophotometer1866

siderostat1868

wedge-photometer1883

scintilloscope1890

1866 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 92 418 The astro-photometer is described in Zölner's ‘Grundzüge einer allgemeinen Photometrie des Himmels, Berlin, 1861’.

1993 D. E. Wilhelms To Rocky Moon xiii. 244 They flew only one more Lunokhod, equipped with the same instruments plus another camera, a magnetometer,..and an astrophotometer.

2004 D. Baird Thing Knowl. vi. 129 Staubermann recreated Karl Friedrich Zöllner's nineteenth-century astrophotometer, starting with the public record—both written and artifact.

astrophotometrical adj.

Brit.

/ˌastrə(ʊ)ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˌfoʊdoʊˈmɛtrək(ə)l/

/ˌæstroʊˌfoʊdəˈmɛtrək(ə)l/

Astronomy (now historical) of or relating to the use of an astrophotometer.

ΚΠ

1878 Astron. Soc. Notices 38 65 On a new astrophotometrical method.

2007 K. Staubermann Astronomers at Work 50 I will try to explain in detail the Vienna Academy's interest in astro-photometrical measurements.

astroplankton n.

Brit.

/ˌastrəʊˈplaŋ(k)tən/

/ˈastrəʊˌplaŋ(k)tən/

U.S.

/ˌæstroʊˈplæŋkt(ə)n/

/ˈæstroʊˌplæŋkt(ə)n/

now historical hypothetical living material such as microorganisms or spores present in space, postulated as able to initiate or spread life on reaching a suitable environment; cf. panspermia n.Suggested by J. B. S. Haldane as a technique by which intelligent extraterrestrial beings could propagate living organisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > astroplankton

astroplankton1954

the world > life > biology > organism > plankton > [noun] > types of

brit1838

limnoplankton1893

zooplankton1897

meroplankton1899

potamoplankton1899

pseudoplankton1899

cryoplankton1902

hypoplankton1902

microplankton1903

haloplankton1909

holoplankton1909

meroplankton1909

nanoplankton1912

neuston1928

aeroplankton1932

staph1933

astroplankton1954

picoplankton1978

1954 J. B. S. Haldane in New Biol. 16 25 One of the earliest parties to land on the moon should be able to look for astroplankton, that is to say spores and the like, in dust from an area of the moon which is never exposed to sunlight.

1975 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 189 141 The astroplankton could have been sent out deliberately by intelligent creatures.

2004 R. Spangenburg & K. Moser Carl Sagan iii. 66 The Moon..would also have received its share of raining ‘astro-plankton’, as Haldane called these alien microbes.

astro shot n.

Brit.

/ˈastrəʊ ʃɒt/

U.S.

/ˈæstroʊ ˌʃɑt/

Aeronautics colloquial = astro-fix n.; cf. shot n.¹ 7e(a).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix

course-setting sight1922

astro-fix1941

astro sight1943

astro shot1946

1946 V. Tempest Near Sun i. 15 An Astro-shot is a check on navigation that is made by the use of a sextant and the stars.

1997 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 2 July 15 Noonan would have used a sunrise astro shot and might have forgotten to make a simple compensation for the plane's cruising height.

2005 E. Holloway Stars are my Friends xiii. 147 Astro shots are normally taken at intervals of four minutes.

astro sight n.

Brit.

/ˈastrəʊ sʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˈæstroʊ ˌsaɪt/

chiefly Aeronautics a determination of position by observation of the stars; cf. sight n.¹ 7b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix

course-setting sight1922

astro-fix1941

astro sight1943

astro shot1946

1943 L. Cheshire Bomber Pilot i. 10 To check..by visual pin-point if possible: if not, by taking drifts or Astro sights.

1970 Geogr. Jrnl. 136 239 Independent fixes can, however, be obtained by the use of astro sights during the evening's camp and this, in open desert, is essential.

2007 G. S. Guinn Arnold Scheme xv. 507 Use of Air-Navigation Tables was at the time the standard method of plotting position from astro sights.

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2. Forming nouns denoting something star-shaped or with a star-shaped part, as astrophyllite, astrosphere; (Anatomy and Medicine) forming terms relating to the star-shaped supportive cells (astrocytes) of the nervous system, as astroblast, astroglia.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	astro-
释义	astro-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin astro-; Greek ἀστρο-. Etymology: < classical Latin astro- (in e.g. astrologia astrology n., astronomia astronomy n.) and its etymon ancient Greek ἀστρο-, combining form (in e.g. ἀστρολογία , ἀστρονομία ) of ἄστρον star < the same Indo-European base as star n.¹ Compare French astro- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 18th cent.), German Astro- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.).Attested earliest in astronomy n., an early 13th-cent. loan from Latin and Greek via French, and subsequently in a number of other similar loans from the classical languages, either directly or via French: astronomien n., astrology n., astrolabe n. Formations within English are found from the 17th cent. 1. Forming terms relating to stars, other celestial objects, or outer space. † astro-alchemist n. Obsolete a person who combines astrology and alchemy.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist alchemisterc1405 alchemist?c1425 alkanamyer?c1475 chemic1559 chemist1559 vulcanist?1586 spagyric1593 adeptus1650 elementarist1651 spagyrist1652 trismegist1657 adeptist1662 spagyrite1666 adept1673 transmuter1826 astro-alchemist1876 the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > science of nativity > person birthlotter1549 genethliac1584 nativity-caster1584 birth-gazer1586 welkin-wizard1596 astrologaster1620 genethliatica1649 schemist1652 stoicheiomatic1662 arch-genethliac1835 astro-alchemist1876 1876 M. Collins From Midnight to Midnight III. iv. 29 The astroälchymist regarded him with contemplative compassionate eyes. astro-archaeologist n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒəst/ [after astro-archaeology n.] an expert or specialist in astro-archaeology; an archaeoastronomer. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun] > archaeoastronomy > person archaeoastronomer1973 astro-archaeologist1974 the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > types or branches of archaeology > student of or one who practices pot-hunter1897 rescue archaeologist1946 processualist1949 zooarchaeologist1957 archaeometrist1964 archaeoastronomer1973 astro-archaeologist1974 1974 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 276 175 The temples and pyramids of Egypt have also provided material for the ‘astro-archaeologists’. 1981 Sci. Amer. Oct. 38/1 An Amherst physicist turned astroarchaeologist. 2006 D. Bell Sci., Technol. & Culture 94 We might imagine these cast-offs being picked over by future astro-archaeologists..trying to piece together a story about the Earth's past. astro-archaeology n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/ = archaeoastronomy n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun] > archaeoastronomy astro-archaeology1965 archaeoastronomy1968 the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > types or branches of archaeology prehistoric archaeology1865 ethnoarchaeology1879 archaeozoology1884 pot-hunting1893 rescue archaeology1946 archaeobotany1954 archaeomagnetism1958 archaeometry1958 astro-archaeology1965 salvage archaeology1967 zooarchaeology1967 archaeoastronomy1968 bioarchaeology1972 salvage excavation1972 1965 G. S. Hawkins Stonehenge Decoded viii. 121 If any university or foundation is casting about for promising fields of exploration and research, let it consider astro-archaeology! 1981 G. Daniel Short Hist. Archaeol. v. 196 Von Däniken..has added astronaut archaeology to the already dubious semi-scholarship of astro-archaeology. 2005 G. Lucas Archaeol. Time iii. 73 Astro-archaeology has a long history in the discipline, going back to eighteenth-century Antiquarians, but until recently it was discredited in most academic circles. astrobiologist n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒəst/ an expert or specialist in astrobiology. ΚΠ 1908 Flaming Sword 15 Jan. 7/1 The end of any nation may be determined by understanding the character of the configurations at the birth of that nation. All of these possibilities are within the province of the truly scientific Astro-biologist. 1933 Hibbert Jrnl. 31 168 Just as we have astro-physicists, so should we have astro-biologists. 1965 M. L. Stone Man in Space 11 Astrobiologists, scientists who deal with living matter in space, point out that at 12 miles up a man's body fluids would vaporize without a pressurized cabin. 2008 Nature 2 Oct. 575/1 The next Mars rover could end up down in the delta if a group of geologists and astrobiologists get their way. astrobiology n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒi/ [in sense (b) after French astrobiologie (R. Berthelot 1934, in Revue de métaphysique et de morale July 293)] (a) the study of the influence on living organisms of the cycles and periods of celestial objects; (now disused); (b) a pseudo-metaphysical interpretation of certain belief systems (as of the Chaldeans), postulated as a phase of philosophical development (now historical); (c) the branch of biology concerned with the detection and study of extraterrestrial life; cf. exobiology n. at exo- prefix . ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > ecology > specific habitats marine biology1880 limnology1893 limnobiology1899 cryobiology1921 hydro-biology1928 soil biology1928 aerobiology1937 astrobiology1941 gnotobiotics1949 saprobiology1958 gnotobiology1963 1898 Cayster Jan. p. ccxii (advt.) The Flaming Sword. The only unique journal in the world!.. Astronomical science the basis of Koreshan theology, astro-biology and social theocracy. 1908 Flaming Sword 15 Jan. 6/2 (heading) The science of astro-biology. Regulation of human affairs by the clock-work of the cosmos. 1934 Mind 43 269 Astro-biology is a combination of belief in astronomical law and in an animistic, or vitalistic, interpretation of all phenomena. 1940 Philos. Rev. 49 21 In astrobiology there is an interlinking of astronomical law and that of vegetable or animal life. 1941 Astron. Soc. Pacific Leaflets Jan. 333 The subject of astrobiology—the consideration of life in the universe elsewhere than on earth—is one that has been so often and so inadequately treated. 1995 New Scientist 27 May 7/1 Scientists who work at NASA's Ames Research Center in northern California..will be moved to a new astrobiology centre. 2007 T. Friend Third Domain i. 10 The psychrophiles are the newest arrivals on the archaeal landscape, bringing with them huge implications for astrobiology. astrobleme n. Brit. /ˈastrə(ʊ)bliːm/ , U.S. /ˈæstrəˌblim/ , /ˈæstroʊˌblim/ [ < astro- comb. form + ancient Greek βλῆμα wound caused by a missile ( < βάλλειν to throw (see ballista n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form))] Geology an eroded remnant of an ancient impact crater caused by a meteorite or comet. ΚΠ 1960 R. S. Dietz in Science 17 June 1781/1 One should find meteorite impact scars or ‘astroblemes’ (a word from Greek roots meaning ‘star’ and ‘wound from a thrown object such as a javelin or stone’) in ancient formations if criteria can be developed for their recognition. 1988 P. Cloud Oasis in Space xi. 251 (caption) The 1.85-aeon-old Sudbury astrobleme is the dim oval left of top center, said to affect a region about 140 km long. 2004 S. N. Koppes Killer Rocks Outer Space ii. 26 In Canada, one astrobleme actually sits partially atop a much older, larger astrobleme. astrochronological adj. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌkrɑnəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/ of or relating to astrochronology. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [adjective] > astro-chronological astrochronological1757 1757 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. 547 Mr. Cluverus gave in an account of Mr. Wasmuth's astro-chronological tables, whereby he pretended..to determine the motions of the sun, moon and planets..without observations. 1833 Morning Watch 6 401 They are very plainly the Egyptian trinity, incorporated into the astro-chronological system of the Hermaic books. 1851 Househ. Words Mar. 545 Who is to check his astro-chronological computation? 1977 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 37 40 The starting point for an explanation of the fluidity of power in the Somavati Amāvasyā festival..must be..in the astrochronological notions and mythological conceptions preserved in popular Hinduism regarding the special power of amāvayās in general. 2007 V. J. Katz et al. Math. Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, & Islam iv. 394 The problem with astrochronological arguments, though, is that the dating of the event is only as good as the precision of the source. astrochronology n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊkrəˈnɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊkrəˈnɑlədʒi/ the study of the chronology and periodicity of celestial objects. ΚΠ 1858 Mechanics' Mag. 31 July 110/1 Mr. Henry Drummond happened to be in Dundee when Mr. Lindsay's recent work on Astro-Chronology was published. 1873 Leisure Hour 22 Mar. 188/1 Mr. Hind's important investigation on historical eclipses..forms a most valuable contribution to what we may appropriately term the science of astro-chronology. 1940 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 50 284 Are there any works dealing with Astro-Chronology and Planetary Cycles in particular? 1999 Guardian 12 Aug. (Online section) 4/3 They used a new technique called astrochronology—measuring the cyclic changes in the earth's distance from the sun—to count back the salt deposits as if they were tree rings. astrocompass n. Brit. /ˈastrəʊˌkʌmpəs/ , U.S. /ˈæstroʊˌkəmpəs/ chiefly Aeronautics an instrument used to determine the direction of true north by reference to the stars.An astrocompass is chiefly used for correcting the errors of magnetic and gyroscopic compasses and as a substitute for these when they cannot be used, such as in polar regions. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > types of paradoxal compass1558 steering compass1669 variation compass1669 correcting compass1821 telltale1828 pelorus1854 liquid compass1865 gyroscope-compass1909 gyro-compass1910 radio compass1912 gyro1914 gyroscopic compass1920 inductor compass1922 gyro-pilot1923 induction compass1925 astrocompass1942 flux gate compass1946 1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 56 The navigator can prove to himself that the astro-compass wasn't included in the equipment just for fun. 1971 Times 14 Oct. 17/7 The aircraft was fitted only with a Sperry Compass System, which for the North Pole can only be used as a basic direction indicator and an ordinary astro-compass. 2009 Daily Tel. 21 Apr. 29/2 Schofield had to rely on gyromagnetic and astro compasses. astrodynamics n. Brit. /ˌastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪks/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪks/ †(a) the dynamics of celestial objects (obsolete. rare); (b) the dynamics of space flight (cf. aerodynamics n.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > science of > specific astrodynamics1955 bioastronautics1957 1894 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 54 357 It should be the business of practical astronomers so to arrange the methods and the partition of their work that their combined efforts shall produce all requisite results in a complete and uniformly digested shape for the purposes of those engaged in researches in astro-dynamics. 1955 Sci. News Let. 13 Aug. 107/1 Astrodynamics, dealing with ‘the dynamic flight behavior of space vehicles’. It would include the performance kinetics and dynamics, stability and control of spacecraft, similar to aerodynamics in aeronautics. 1974 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) May 129/1 Weather satellites..are injected into orbit at an extremely precise angle of inclination, which is based on mathematical relations worked out by specialists in astrodynamics. 2003 C. M. Gross & J. P. Allen Technol. Transfer for Entrepreneurs 71 The laboratory's [sc. JPL] technical expertise includes astrodynamics and space flight navigation. astroengineering n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪərɪŋ/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/ (a) (chiefly Science Fiction) large-scale structural engineering in space, esp. such as involves the modification of the physical structure or configuration of a planet, a star, or an entire solar system (cf. terraforming n.); (b) the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of technology for use in space. ΚΠ 1971 Nature 1 Oct. 295/3 We might first detect other civilizations through evidence of astro-engineering activities such as the construction of devices to capture all the energy of a central star. 1986 Washington Post (Nexis) 30 Nov. c3 Realistic plans are already being made to ‘terraform’ Mars... Among theoreticians, astro-engineering on the scale of a whole planet has been discussed for so long it is almost passe. 1989 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 12 June Phan, 17, plans to get a degree in astro-engineering and hopes to land a job with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1992 Publishers Weekly (Nexis) 20 Apr. 40 Protagonist Randy Hunter's astroengineering firm discovers a lifeform dubbed ‘Silverhair’... By carefully engineering the Silverhair, Hunter and his associates develop a method of building starships that reach near-light speeds. 2005 P. F. Hamilton Judas Unchained xv. 747 With his knowledge of astroengineering and orbital mechanics, the technical types in Adam's team had automatically deferred to him. astro-fix n. Brit. /ˈastrəʊˌfɪks/ , U.S. /ˈæstroʊˌfɪks/ a determination of geographical position, esp. of an aircraft, by observation of the stars. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix course-setting sight1922 astro-fix1941 astro sight1943 astro shot1946 1941 J. A. Hammerton ABC of RAF 111 If the aircraft is over cloud and with clear sky above, the navigator may use the stars and get an ‘astro’ fix. 1984 Pract. Boat Owner Feb. 97/2 It's a..chart whose purpose is to provide a graphical method of determining the azimuth of a heavenly body when plotting an astro-fix. 2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 8 Feb. 3 Steering the plane on a CL2 compass alone, backed up by dead reckoning and astro-fixes from a periscopic sextant. astrogeodesy n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊdʒɪˈɒdᵻsi/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊdʒiˈɑdəsi/ the branch of geodesy in which geodetic measurements are made using astronomical techniques; geodetic astronomy. ΚΠ 1915 E. W. Barlow tr. A. Berget Earth iv. 112 The discovery and measurement of this phenomenon [sc. fluctuation of latitude] perhaps form the most wonderful result of recent astro-geodesy. 1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 230/2 Methods by which a geoidal surface can be determined at sea include (1) astrogeodesy, which involves determination of astronomic coordinates at corresponding points, using surface-based techniques; [etc.]. 1998 M. A. R. Cooper in S. N. Lane et al. Landform Monitoring, Modelling & Anal. ii. 25 Geoid maps can be global, regional or national. They are derived by applications of satellite positioning, astrogeodesy, geopotential modelling and gravimetry. astrogeodetic adj. Brit. /ˌastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒiːəˈdɛtɪk/ , /ˌastrə(ʊ)dʒɪəˈdɛtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌdʒioʊˈdɛdɪk/ , /ˌæstroʊˌdʒiəˈdɛdɪk/ of or relating to astrogeodesy. ΚΠ 1904 German Educ. Exhib. (World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri) p. vi The remaining collection of instruments for accurate astro-geodetic measurements..can not be considered at all complete. 1958 Bull. Géodésique 1 Dec. 21 In the Crimea the old methods gave very poor agreement between astro-geodetic and gravimetric deviations of the plumb line. 1988 Business Rev. Weekly 18 Mar. 34/1 Greene was director of the astrogeodetic observatory in the Orroral Valley, near Canberra. 2005 I. K. Fischer in ACSM Bull. No. 213. 40/1 Eventually they let us have their collection of astrogeodetic deflections along with their permission to use them for constructing a geoid chart of Australia. astro-hatch n. Brit. /ˈastrəʊˌhatʃ/ , U.S. /ˈæstroʊˌhætʃ/ Aeronautics (now historical) = astrodome n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > fuselage > transparent observation dome astro-hatch1940 astrodome1941 1940 Times 8 May 4/5 The second pilot stood at the astro-hatch. 1982 H. Hood Black & White Keys i. 47 The silent navigator left his tiny folding desk and climbed awkwardly, his feet jammed into metal stirrups, into the astro hatch. 2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 2 July The sergeant crawled out through the narrow astro-hatch on the end of a rope from the aircraft's emergency dinghy. astrolithology n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊlᵻˈθɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊləˈθɑlədʒi/ now historical the branch of science that deals with the composition of meteorites; cf. meteoritics n. ΚΠ 1846 C. U. Shepard in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 2 377 The natural history treatment of the meteoric species will therefore constitute a new science, for which the name Astrolithology is suggested, (from αστὴρ a meteor, λὶθος a stone, and λογος a treatise). 1863 E. Hitchcock Reminisc. Amherst Coll. iii. 102 Since the establishment of a separate chair of Chemistry, his [sc. C. U. Shepard's] lectures have been confined chiefly to Mineralogy and Astrolithology. 1986 J. G. Burke Cosmic Debris iv. 139 ‘Astrolithology’..was a tabulation of the chemical constituents and of the mineral species found in meteorites. astro-magical adj. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˈmadʒᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˈmædʒək(ə)l/ rare before mid 20th cent. of or relating to astrology or divination by the stars; cf. astromantic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [adjective] astrological1538 astro-magical1652 astromantic1660 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 73 In Astromagicall Diviners..when Astrologicall Magick had its first profession among men. 1956 Americas 13 84 The Mexican monarch's policy and actions were in complete accord with the astro-magical religion of the Mexico of his day. 2001 J. Assman & A. I. Baumgarten Representation Relig. 235 Some Kabbalists combined Neoplatonic and astro-magical theories. † astrophanometer n. [ < astro- comb. form + ancient Greek ϕανός bright ( see phanopoeia n.) + -meter comb. form²] Obsolete rare = astrometer n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > stars astrometer1783 astrophanometer?1810 scintillometer1861 astrophotometer1866 siderostat1868 wedge-photometer1883 scintilloscope1890 ?1810 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) III. i. 1/1 Astrophanometer, another name given by Jeaurat to instruments resembling the Astereometers or Astrometers of Jeaurat and Dr Brewster. astrophobia n. Brit. /ˌastrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbɪə/ , U.S. /ˌæstrəˈfoʊbiə/ , /ˌæstroʊˈfoʊbiə/ [with sense (b) compare earlier astraphobia n.] †(a) a fear of the influence of the stars (obsolete); (b) a fear of lightning; = astraphobia n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > irrational fears pneumatophobia1678 hydrophobia1760 aerophobia1771 panophobia1784 phobia1786 pantophobia1807 necrophobia1833 phoby1834 syphilomania1838 hippophobia1840 phonophobia1841 syphilophobia1842 scotophobia1844 astrophobia1855 sitomania1859 sitophobia1859 thanatophobia1860 Satanophobia1861 batrachophobia1863 panphobia1870 agoraphobia1871 bogyphobia1872 pathophobia1873 aquaphobia1875 toxiphobia1876 claustrophobia1879 cynophobia1879 mysophobia1879 siderodromophobia1879 phthisiophobia1883 sitiophobia1884 ochlophobia1885 sitiomania1887 acrophobia1888 zoophobia1888 leprophobia1889 nosophobia1889 pamphobia1890 bacteriophobia1894 tuberculophobia1894 taeniiphobia1897 thalassophobia1897 topophobia1899 dysmorphophobia1900 akathisia1903 cremnophobia1903 musicophobia1903 ailurophobia1905 brontophobia1905 phobism1914 arachnophobia1925 school phobia1930 coprophobia1934 mycophobia1957 arachniphobia1966 computer phobia1972 coulrophobia1997 1855 United Presbyterian Mag. Aug. 346 This astrophobia may be dictated by pure intellect. 1871 W. R. Alger Crit. Hist. Doctr. Future Life (new ed.) 604 Bitten by some theological fear which has given him the astrophobia. 1943 Bios 14 83 A phobia is a fear of something, such as..‘astrophobia’, fear of lightning. 2008 N. Wimmer tr. R. Bolaño 2666 iv. 383 Some Indians suffer from a heightened form of astrophobia, which is fear of meteorological phenomena like thunder and lightning. astrophotometer n. Brit. /ˌastrə(ʊ)fə(ʊ)ˈtɒmᵻtə/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊfəˈtɑmədər/ [after German Astrophotometer ( J. C. F. Zöllner Grundzüge einer allgemeinen Photometrie des Himmels (1861) 5)] Astronomy (now historical) an instrument for measuring the brightness of a star's light. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > stars astrometer1783 astrophanometer?1810 scintillometer1861 astrophotometer1866 siderostat1868 wedge-photometer1883 scintilloscope1890 1866 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 92 418 The astro-photometer is described in Zölner's ‘Grundzüge einer allgemeinen Photometrie des Himmels, Berlin, 1861’. 1993 D. E. Wilhelms To Rocky Moon xiii. 244 They flew only one more Lunokhod, equipped with the same instruments plus another camera, a magnetometer,..and an astrophotometer. 2004 D. Baird Thing Knowl. vi. 129 Staubermann recreated Karl Friedrich Zöllner's nineteenth-century astrophotometer, starting with the public record—both written and artifact. astrophotometrical adj. Brit. /ˌastrə(ʊ)ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˌfoʊdoʊˈmɛtrək(ə)l/ , /ˌæstroʊˌfoʊdəˈmɛtrək(ə)l/ Astronomy (now historical) of or relating to the use of an astrophotometer. ΚΠ 1878 Astron. Soc. Notices 38 65 On a new astrophotometrical method. 2007 K. Staubermann Astronomers at Work 50 I will try to explain in detail the Vienna Academy's interest in astro-photometrical measurements. astroplankton n. Brit. /ˌastrəʊˈplaŋ(k)tən/ , /ˈastrəʊˌplaŋ(k)tən/ , U.S. /ˌæstroʊˈplæŋkt(ə)n/ , /ˈæstroʊˌplæŋkt(ə)n/ now historical hypothetical living material such as microorganisms or spores present in space, postulated as able to initiate or spread life on reaching a suitable environment; cf. panspermia n.Suggested by J. B. S. Haldane as a technique by which intelligent extraterrestrial beings could propagate living organisms. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > astroplankton astroplankton1954 the world > life > biology > organism > plankton > [noun] > types of brit1838 limnoplankton1893 zooplankton1897 meroplankton1899 potamoplankton1899 pseudoplankton1899 cryoplankton1902 hypoplankton1902 microplankton1903 haloplankton1909 holoplankton1909 meroplankton1909 nanoplankton1912 neuston1928 aeroplankton1932 staph1933 astroplankton1954 picoplankton1978 1954 J. B. S. Haldane in New Biol. 16 25 One of the earliest parties to land on the moon should be able to look for astroplankton, that is to say spores and the like, in dust from an area of the moon which is never exposed to sunlight. 1975 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 189 141 The astroplankton could have been sent out deliberately by intelligent creatures. 2004 R. Spangenburg & K. Moser Carl Sagan iii. 66 The Moon..would also have received its share of raining ‘astro-plankton’, as Haldane called these alien microbes. astro shot n. Brit. /ˈastrəʊ ʃɒt/ , U.S. /ˈæstroʊ ˌʃɑt/ Aeronautics colloquial = astro-fix n.; cf. shot n.¹ 7e(a). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix course-setting sight1922 astro-fix1941 astro sight1943 astro shot1946 1946 V. Tempest Near Sun i. 15 An Astro-shot is a check on navigation that is made by the use of a sextant and the stars. 1997 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 2 July 15 Noonan would have used a sunrise astro shot and might have forgotten to make a simple compensation for the plane's cruising height. 2005 E. Holloway Stars are my Friends xiii. 147 Astro shots are normally taken at intervals of four minutes. astro sight n. Brit. /ˈastrəʊ sʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˈæstroʊ ˌsaɪt/ chiefly Aeronautics a determination of position by observation of the stars; cf. sight n.¹ 7b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix course-setting sight1922 astro-fix1941 astro sight1943 astro shot1946 1943 L. Cheshire Bomber Pilot i. 10 To check..by visual pin-point if possible: if not, by taking drifts or Astro sights. 1970 Geogr. Jrnl. 136 239 Independent fixes can, however, be obtained by the use of astro sights during the evening's camp and this, in open desert, is essential. 2007 G. S. Guinn Arnold Scheme xv. 507 Use of Air-Navigation Tables was at the time the standard method of plotting position from astro sights. Categories » 2. Forming nouns denoting something star-shaped or with a star-shaped part, as astrophyllite, astrosphere; (Anatomy and Medicine) forming terms relating to the star-shaped supportive cells (astrocytes) of the nervous system, as astroblast, astroglia. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1652
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