单词 | hill |
释义 | hilln. 1. a. A natural elevation of the earth's surface rising more or less steeply above the level of the surrounding land. Formerly the general term, including what are now called mountains; after the introduction of the latter word, gradually restricted to heights of less elevation; but the discrimination is largely a matter of local usage, and of the more or less mountainous character of the district, heights which in one locality are called mountains being in another reckoned merely as hills. A more rounded and less rugged outline is also usually connoted by the name.In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; ‘mountain’ being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called ‘hills’, in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. The plural hills is often applied to a region of hills or highland; esp. to the highlands of northern and interior India. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] mounteOE hillc1000 fella1400 month1477 range1601 morro1826 jebel1844 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] cloudc893 downOE hillc1000 penOE holmc1275 woldc1275 clotc1325 banka1393 knotc1400 nipc1400 rist1577 kop1835 c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 576 Hi huntiað hi of ælcere dune and of ælcere hylle. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Uppan þan hulle synai. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12055 Þatt hill þatt wass swa wunnderr heh. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 136 For se þehul is herre. se þewint is mare þron. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 5 Ine þe helle of Synay. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 5 In a Mayes Morwnynge on Maluerne hulles Me bi-fel a ferly. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13690 Mont oliuet it es an hill þat iesus hanted mikel till. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 787 On þe hyl of Syon. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iii. 16 There is a grete Hille that men clepen Olympus. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 423 There be hilles in Snawdonia of a grete altitude..whiche hilles men of that cuntre calle Eriri, that soundethe in Englishe the hilles of snawe. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. lix. 43 Fast besyde salysbury upon an hull. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 177 Aetna, the burning hil. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 69 Yea, in the ridge of their highest hils (mountaines indeed I cannot terme them) you shall find pooles. a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) x. 81 Whereas..other Languages..have two severall words for to signifie those observable heights..The English language useth one and the same word for both, calling hils aswell the one as the other..but that sometimes the word small or great is added. Now because this..would cause some confusion..that hath made us restrain it to one of the sorts, and to call hils onely the lesser sort. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 91 The hills move lightly, and the mountains smoke, For He has touched them. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 158 Across the hills, and far away Beyond their utmost purple rim. 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 99 All inhabited hills varying from 1,500 ft. to 4,000. 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 74 Men who came from the Nepaul hills, whose home was..at an elevation certainly not less than 10,000 feet. 1881 J. F. T. Keane Six Months in Meccah 1 The foot-hills of the approach to a range of mountains. 1888 R. Kipling (title) Plain tales from the hills. b. Often contrasted with dale, plain. (In this use hill occurs in the singular without article.) hill and dale: also, applied to any markings or groovings likened to hills and dales; spec. used attributively to denote that manner of making gramophone records, or the records themselves, in which the undulations are cut in a vertical plane by the recording stylus. Also, applied to the alternating ridges and hollows of waste rock, etc., which are created by open-cast mining or ironstone working; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > undulating form waving1789 waviness1790 undulation1798 billowiness1826 hill and dale1918 society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [adjective] > type of cutting by stylus hill and dale1929 lateral1942 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3997 Prykynge ouer hulle & pleyn, Til he cam to Charlemeyn. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xxxiv. 134 Then the sonne..toke hir with him, and Ronne to-gedir ouer hillis and dalis, til tyme that thei come to the castell. c1580 tr. Bugbears iii. iii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 Ylls, wodes and dales. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B4 But euery hil and dale, each wood and plaine. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 639 When it is Summer in the Hils, it is Winter in the plaines. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 262 About me round I saw Hill, Dale, and shadie Woods. View more context for this quotation 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxvii. 108 And hill and wood and field did print The same sweet forms in either mind. View more context for this quotation 1918 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. 1929 P. Wilson & G. W. Webb Mod. Gramophones ii. 34 This form of record has several advantages over the hill-and-dale cut. 1931 News Chron. 20 Mar. 15/2 A graph, whose hills and dales represent maximum and minimum velocity of each of a series of strokes. 1949 Hansard, Commons 6 Dec. 1835 The whole countryside is disfigured by deep cuttings and large tracts of what is known as hill and dale—impassable areas of heaped limestone. 1949 Hansard, Commons 6 Dec. 1844 We do not really know enough about hills and dales to be quite satisfied in all cases. 1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 218 Hill-and-dale formation.., a term applied to the ridges and hollows along the surface of dumped material (usually over-burden) at an opencast mine. c. After up, down, used without the article: see down n.1, downhill adv., adj., and n., etc. ΚΠ 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 777 Half way up Hill . View more context for this quotation 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 195 He had gone down hill. 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 207 I followed..up hill and down dale, but never saw him more. d. Proverbs and sayings. †to get the hill, to get vantage-ground (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery, superiority, or advantage [verb (intransitive)] > have position of advantage > gain a position of superiority to get the hill1647 to get points on1880 c1305 St. Lucy 126 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 105 Euere heo lai stille as an hul. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. vii. 19) Corruption, edg'd with a temptation, gets as it were the hill, and the winde, and, upon such advantages, too oft prevaileth. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 292 A good Cause and Miscarriage meet oftner than Hills. 1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 58 Why, he's as old as the Hills. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxv. 416 All this time, Martin was cursing Mr. Pecksniff up hill and down dale. 1857 R. C. Trench On Lessons in Proverbs (ed. 4) i. 21 Do in hill as you would do in hall. 1892 Bowen in Law Times Rep. 68 127/2 The law of estoppel by deed is as old as the hills. e. over the hill: having passed the prime in professional ability, physical beauty, etc. Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.) oldeOE winteredeOE oldlyOE over-oldOE eldernc1175 at-oldc1200 stricken on, in age, in eldec1380 oldlya1382 (well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386 ancientc1400 aged1420 well-agedc1450 ripec1480 passing oldc1485 (well) shot in years1530 old aged1535 agey1547 Ogygian1567 strucken1576 oldish1580 stricken in yearsa1586 declined1591 far1591 struck1597 Nestorian1605 overripe1605 elderly1611 eld1619 antiquated1631 enaged1631 thorough-old1639 emerita1643 grandevous1647 magnaevous1727 badgerly1753 (as) old as the hills1819 olden days1823 crusted1833 long in the tooth1841 oldened1854 mature1867 over the hill1950 1950 N.Y. Herald Tribune 6 Dec. 35/2 He has lost his punch... He's a lot farther over the hill than I was when I hung up the gloves in 1927. 1952 M. R. Rinehart Swimming Pool xxxii. 259 The flawless skin goes, the lovely eyes fade, and she knows she is over the hill. 1957 I. Cross God Boy (1958) xxiii. 197 As they say about boxers who are getting on in years, she is over the hill. 1962 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 17 June 20/3 Must you feel ‘over the hill’ after 40? 1972 H. Kemelman Monday Rabbi took Off ii. 24 When a rabbi gets to be around fifty, his chances of getting another job are not so good. He's like over the hill. 2. figurative. Something of enormous mass; something not easily mounted or overcome. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness > and solidity > that which is mountaina1450 hillc1450 mill-post1562 the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > a difficulty > a great difficulty Pelion1560 hill1645 hell and (also or) high water1872 c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 6 Ryȝt so, þis watyr & þis flood of þe gret curs flowyth hyȝe in-to þe hylles of prowde & ryche folk. 1645 J. Milton Sonnet ix, in Poems 50 With those..That labour up the Hill of heav'nly Truth. 1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs i. 66 O're Hills of Guilt and Seas of Grief, He leaps. 1851 R. A. Willmott Pleasures of Lit. §21 (1857) 135 The hill of knowledge and fame was rapidly climbed. 3. a. A heap or mound of earth, sand, or other material, raised or formed by human or other agency. Cf. also anthill n., dunghill n., molehill n., etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound balkc885 bankc1175 hill1297 hillock1382 mow?1424 sunka1522 tump1589 anthill1598 pustule1651 mound1791 hag1805 moundlet1808 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile heapc725 cockeOE hill1297 tassc1330 glub1382 mow?1424 bulkc1440 pile1440 pie1526 bing1528 borwen1570 ruck1601 rick1608 wreck1612 congest1625 castle1636 coacervation1650 congestion1664 cop1666 cumble1694 bin1695 toss1695 thurrock1708 rucklea1725 burrow1784 mound1788 wad1805 stook1865 boorach1868 barrow1869 sorites1871 tump1892 fid1926 clamp- 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 296 As þycke as ameten crepeþ in an amete hulle. c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2417 To-delue anon in thi donghel. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 23221 If a hille of fire ware made & þorou chaunce þou in hit slade. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 288 Ther was hilles of dede men and horse hem be-forn. 1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1662) 283 Moules..spoyle any faire meddow..in casting up hils. 1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1662) 289 Casting a great hill as big as two barrowfuls. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2 He rose, for to remoue aside Those pretious hils [of gold] from straungers enuious sight. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 313 Looking down on the world as an Ant-hill. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 346 The wain..appears a moving hill of snow. 1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. xviii. 313 She clutched her hands into a hill of dried weed. 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Hill, a heap of potatoes or mangold wurzel. b. A heap formed round a plant by banking up or hoeing (see hill v.2 2). Also: the cluster of plants on level ground. Cf. a hill of beans at bean n. 6e. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] > tuft, clump, or cluster of plants hassockc1450 tuft?1523 tusk1530 tush1570 hill1572 dollop1573 clumpa1586 rush1593 trail1597 tussock1607 wreath1610 stool1712 tump1802 sheaf1845 massif1888 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun] > earthing up > heap so formed hill1572 1572 L. Mascall tr. in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 88 Then againe cast vp the earth about your hils, and clensing them from all weedes..so let them rest till your Poles may be set therein. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62v The Hoppes..are cut downe close to the ground, and the hilles being agayne raysed, are couered with doung. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 120 A man ought to go through the field, and pull up those plants that look least promising leaving only three plants in each hill. 1799 G. Washington Writings (1893) XIV. 232 No. 2..is to be..planted with potatoes; whether in Hills, or Drills, may be considered. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 108 The earth is raised to the height of from four to six inches, around the corn, and is denominated a hill; whence every planting is called a hill of corn. 1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 538 The general mode of planting hops is to place the hills at equal distances. 1854 Trans. Pennsylvania State Agric. Soc. 79 The best corn planter..marks the ground so as to keep the hills in rows in all directions. 1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West 570 Each field..contained some three hundred hills of corn. 1884 H. Butterworth Zigzag Journeys Western States 42 Jerry was working like a beaver, and only three hills of potatoes to the square now. 1887 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 815/2 In Virginia..a labourer is required for every 20,000 hills of tobacco. 1964 A. H. Burgess Hops vi. 82 If rooted sets..are unobtainable, cuttings can be used for planting the [hop] garden. When this is done two or three cuttings should be planted at each hill. c. The rising ground on which ruffs assemble at the breeding season; an assemblage of ruffs. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) > ground on which ruffs assemble hill1770 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) > assemblage of hill1875 1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 22 When a fowler discovers one of these hills, he places his net over night. 1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 294 During the breeding season they [ruffs] frequent drier grounds, and assemble on small hillocks..An experienced fenman soon finds out their blood-stained hills. 1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 295 Frequently taking the whole hill at a single fold of the net. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. ix. §1 A ‘hill’ of ruffs. d. Heraldry. A charge representing a hill, usually vert. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > hill mount1610 mountain1610 hill?1828 ?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Ff3/2 Hill, or Hillock, is sometimes borne in coat-armour. When only one, it is called a hill; but if more than one is borne, they are termed hillocks, or mole-hills. 1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 72/1 Three Hills, as in the arms of Brinckman. 1966 C. W. Scott-Giles & J. P. Brooke-Little Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.) 301 Hill, or Hillock, a green mount. e. A nitro-glycerine factory. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific things are made > [noun] > explosives powder-mill1645 corning-mill1794 shot-tower1835 hill1897 charge-house1900 1897 Pearson's Mag. IV. 150/2 You have now reached the bottom of the ‘hill’—all nitro-glycerine factories are called ‘hills’. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §149 Nitroglycerine hillman, an explosive worker engaged on repetition work in nitroglycerine manufacture. CompoundsGeneral attributive. C1. Of or pertaining to a hill or hills. hill-brow n. ΚΠ 1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 40 The warm hay from The hill-brow. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. viii. 146 The north end of the hill-brow. hill-cop n. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 790 Þe apostel hem segh..Arayed to þe weddyng in þat hyl coppe. hill-crest n. hill-face n. ΚΠ 1883 Longman's Mag. Nov. 71 The sportsman..has gone up the hill-face. hill-foot n. ΚΠ 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Exod. xx. 18) 78 From the hill-foot where they stood and trembled. 1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 12 The river winds along the hill-foot. hill-ground n. ΚΠ 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 17v It is to be learned, what is best for the hill ground, what for the valley. hill-line n. ΚΠ 1873 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 343 The crests of the hill-line are crowned with the domes of the mosques. hill-name n. ΚΠ 1922 E. Ekwall Place-names Lancs. 28 Very few hill-names, apart from those which have given names to places, are found in early sources. hill-pasture n. ΚΠ 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 525 All the tenants have a proportionable share of hill-pasture. hill-range n. ΚΠ 1844 E. B. Barrett Duchess May in Poems II. 64 I could see the low hill-ranges. hill-ridge n. ΚΠ 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 265 A promontory, or long hill-ridge projecting into a basin. hill-slope n. ΚΠ 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 13 The damp hill-slopes. 1908 Daily Chron. 14 May 5/4 On the north side of the valley the hill-slopes are fairly open. 1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox 97 The hill-slope [seemed] steeper. hill-wash n. ΚΠ 1936 Nature 29 Aug. 357/2 A hill~wash, some 11 ft. in thickness, contained large numbers of flint artefacts. 1958 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 4) 158 The Middle Older Loess of the section is a complex of loessic hillwash material derived from higher up the slope. C2. Of or pertaining to the hill-country of India. hill-appointment n. ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 30 Dec. 3/2 There were only two hill appointments possible at the time. hill-station n. ΚΠ 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 42 Now that European troops are being gradually concentrated on hill stations. 1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest iv. 43 March-Phillipps had served in India..where he had experienced..the glitter of social life in various hill stations. 1969 Filmfare (Bombay) 1 Aug. 31/4 Once, while shooting at a hill station, the entire R.K. unit was staying in a quaint hillside hotel. C3. For a hill or hill-country. Also: pertaining to the rearing and tending of sheep in hilly country. hill-chair n. ΚΠ 1861 in Hare 2 Noble Lives (1893) III. 175 About eleven she set off again in her hill-chair. hill-gun n. C4. Inhabiting or frequenting hills, situated or held on a hill. Also hill fort n., etc. a. hill-bamboo n. ΚΠ 1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 232 The best kind of shafts are hill bamboos which have no hollow. hill-convent n. ΚΠ 1878 Symonds Many Moods, Riviera 11 How well In this hill-convent glides for them the day! hill-culture n. ΚΠ 1936 Discovery June 179/2 This midden culture, which we call Sotho, differs..in nearly every respect from our Shona or Hill culture. 1950 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Hillculture, a system of agriculture utilizing erosion-preventing crops that are ecologically and economically best suited for sloping or hilly (often sub-marginal) land. hill-fair n. ΚΠ 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 329/1 A hill fair (that is where the fair is held upon a hill away from a town). hill-fastness n. hill-grass n. hill-horse n. ΚΠ 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 310 He keeps also fewer hill-horses, a small species, of which at one time there were vast herds in the highlands. hill-house n. hill-kangaroo n. ΚΠ 1935 H. H. Finlayson Red Centre (1952) 40 The short-limbed, broad-chested, sturdy, hill kangaroos or euros. 1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft ii. 27 A number of men are required to capture the wallaby or the euro (hill kangaroo). hill-kid n. ΚΠ 1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord Introd. What resembled hares were in fact hill-kids. hill-pony n. hill-priest n. ΚΠ 1881 J. T. Fowler in Academy 29 Oct. 334 The hill-priests and the hedge-priests of the Northern diocese. hill-temple n. ΚΠ 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 231 It may be correctly described as a hill-temple. hill-tent n. ΚΠ 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 89 The Carpenter went up to the Hill Tent, so called from its situation. hill-town n. ΚΠ 1887 W. S. Pratt in W. Gladden Parish Prob. 433 Even the most humble, untaught player in a struggling hill-town may fulfill..all the higher duties of his office. 1911 R. Brooke Poems 24 Out of the white hill-town, High up I clamber. 1972 W. Garner Ditto, Brother Rat! xxiii. 172 ‘Tell me about Vauban.’..‘A dilapidated little hill town.’ hill-tribe n. ΚΠ 1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 406/1 Hill tribes, the barbarous tribes dwelling in remote parts of the Deccan or plateau of Central India. 1946 Nature 6 July 35/1 Any hill-tribe tends to lead a more or less segregated life. 1972 National Geographic Feb. 271/1 Although often labeled as a ‘hill tribe’, Thailand's Karens occupy both upland and lowland villages. hill-village n. ΚΠ 1905 Daily Chron. 9 Oct. 4/2 The picturesque little hill-village of Moniaive [in Dumfriesshire]. 1947 Geogr. Jrnl. 110 79 By no means all hill villages..are in the pastoral zone and many are associated with a fully-developed system of common arable fields. b. hill ewe n. ΚΠ 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 116 A successful hill lambing depends very much upon..the condition of the ewes at that period. Hill ewes are never in too high condition. hill farm n. ΚΠ 1841 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 13 Feb. in Writings (1906) VII. 213 His hill-farm is poor stuff. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 101 Hill farms... Hill stocks should always be fixtures on the farm. hill farming n. ΚΠ 1946 Act 9 & 10 Geo. VI c. 73 §1 ‘Hill farming land’ means mountain, hill and heath land which is suitable for use for the maintenance of sheep of a hardy kind but not of sheep of other kinds, or which by improvement could be made suitable. hill fire n. ΚΠ 1881 D. G. Rossetti House of Life v Tender as dawn's first hill-fire. hill herding n. ΚΠ 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 123 The science of hill-herding. hill paddock n. ΚΠ 1962 Coast to Coast 1961–2 13 Nicholas wanted to..gambol as senselessly as the new lambs in the hill paddocks. hill site n. ΚΠ 1874 J. G. Whittier Palestine in Voices of Freedom 29 Lo, Bethlehem's hill-site before me is seen. hill sheep n. ΚΠ 1749 H. Purefoy in Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. 162 I desire you will buy for mee ten ewes & lambs of the little short-legged horned Hill Sheep. 1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 358/1 The average weight of the fleece..is now at least 3 lbs. in the hill-sheep, and nearly 4 lbs. in the lowland-sheep. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 103 Hill sheep farming. hill wool n. ΚΠ 1963 Times 13 Feb. 14/7 Should lamb and hill wool continue to be treated as special cases on social grounds? C5. Objective, instrumental, and locative. a. hill-climber n. ΚΠ 1897 Daily News 25 May 5/4 A gentleman..cyclist and champion hill-climber. hill-crowning adj. ΚΠ 1757 J. Dyer Fleece iv. 142 Whose hill-crowning walls Shine, like the rising Moon, through wat'ry mists. b. hill-born adj. ΚΠ 1911 E. Pound Canzoni 21 A swelling turbid sea Hill~born and tumultuous. a1963 C. S. Lewis Poems (1964) 35 The hill-born, earthy spring,..The ripe peach from the southern wall still hot. hill-girdled adj. hill-girt adj. ΚΠ 1860 All Year Round 17 Mar. 492/2 A green, nestling, hill-girt Devonshire valley. hill-surrounded adj. ΚΠ 1881 R. Jefferies Wood Magic II. vi. 152 The hill-surrounded plain. C6. hill-set adj. (after Matthew 5:14) ‘set’ or situated on a hill. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [adjective] > situated or dwelling seven-hilly1561 seven-hilled?1580 seven mountain-seated1624 hilly1632 overhill1763 hill-set1906 1906 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 12/2 Brown-roofed, hill-set villages. 1906 Macmillan's Mag. July 695 Ruler of his tiny hill-set principality. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Aug. 2/4 Our hillset house of prayer. C7. hill-ant n. a species that forms ant-hills. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > that form ant-hills hill-ant1747 1747 W. Gould Acct. Eng. Ants 2 The Hill Ants I so denominate from their usual Place of Residence, the sunny Banks or Sides of Hills. hill-berry n. the Deerberry or Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, of North America. hill-bird n. (a) the fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (Swainson Prov. Names Birds 1885); (b) the upland plover or Bartramian sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda, of North America. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. vi. 4 The cities shalbe desolate, ye hillchapels layed waist: youre aulters destroyed. hill-climb n. the action of climbing hills, esp. as a test for motor vehicles. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > hill-climbing (motor vehicles) hill-climbing1900 hill-climb1905 1905 Westm. Gaz. 6 June 4/2 At the hill-climb on May 27. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 26 Feb. 4/2 The club will organise competitions, hill-climbs, club-runs, and so on. 1971 I. Wagstaff in J. Walton Castrol Guide Motoring Sport x. 70 The object of a hill climb is for drivers..to reach the top of the hill in a shorter time than any other competitor. hill-climbing n. also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > hill-climbing (motor vehicles) hill-climbing1900 hill-climb1905 1637 J. Shirley Hide Parke iv. sig. G2 Hill climing white-rose, praise doth not lacke. 1861 C. Norton Lady of La Garaye ii. 147 When wild hill-climbing wooed her spirit higher. 1900 W. W. Beaumont Motor Vehicles I. 615 Hill-climbing trials alone would not of course be sufficient as a test of the wearing power or durability of a car. 1904 Peel Guardian & Chron. 23 Apr. The venue of the hill-climbing contest has not been fixed. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 19 Mar. 4/1 Its smooth and faultless running and wonderful hill-climbing abilities. 1931 Boys' Mag. 45 169/1 The presence of the carbon will cause overheating, bad hill-climbing and loss of power, so when any of these things persist, it is time for the engine to be ‘decoked’. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave > other hill-den1582 self-open1674 ice cave1770 bone cave1813 rock house1860 cavelet1864 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 5 He [sc. Æolus] maystreth monsterus hildens, Youre kennels, good syrs. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs other structures hill-digger1521 sinker1584 pondcaster1602 navigator1775 dammer1816 navvy1829 muck-shifter1856 1521 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1847) 1 54 Smyth..examyning the same Goodred upon hill digging..; if he wolde not confesse to them that he was an hille digger, he wold thrust his dagar throwe his chekes. 1847 Norfolk Archæol. I. 53–4. 1887 A. Jessopp in 19th Cent. Jan. 56 The hill diggers of the fifteenth century did their work most effectually. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > digging into barrows hill-digging1521 1521 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1847) 1 54 Smyth..examyning the same Goodred upon hill digging. hill-engraver n. (in map-making) one who makes the representations of elevations on an engraved plate. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > [noun] > map-maker cardman1598 map-maker1598 mappist1614 mapper1635 map-graver1662 cartographer1863 hill-engraver1900 1900 Geogr. Jrnl. June 589 The employment of hill-engravers, who are, as already stated, so much required for the completion of the hill-engraving of the 1-inch map. hill-engraving n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > hill-engraving hill-engraving1900 1900 Geogr. Jrnl. (Royal Geogr. Soc.) June 589 The employment of hill-engravers, who are, as already stated, so much required for the completion of the hill-engraving of the 1-inch map. hill-fever n. a kind of remittent fever prevalent in the hill country of India. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers fever hectica1398 emitrichie1398 hectic1398 etisie1527 emphysode fever1547 frenzy-fever1613 purple fever1623 prunella1656 marcid fever1666 remittent1693 feveret1712 rheumatic fever1726 milk fever1739 stationary fever1742 febricula1746 milky fever1747 camp-disease1753 camp-fever1753 sun fever1765 recurrent fever1768 rose fever1782 tooth-fever1788 sensitive fever1794 forest-fever1799 white leg1801 hill-fever1804 Walcheren fever1810 Mediterranean fever1816 malignant1825 relapsing fever1828 rose cold1831 date fever1836 rose catarrh1845 Walcheren ague1847 mountain fever1849 mill fever1850 Malta fever1863 bilge-fever1867 Oroya fever1873 hyperpyrexia1875 famine-fever1876 East Coast fever1881 spirillum fevera1883 kala azar1883 black water1884 febricule1887 urine fever1888 undulant fever1896 rabbit fever1898 rat bite fever1910 Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911 sandfly fever1911 tularaemia1921 sodoku1926 brucellosis1930 Rift Valley fever1931 Zika1952 Lassa fever1970 Marburg1983 1804 C. B. Brown tr. C. F. de Volney View Soil & Climate U.S.A. 234 In Bengal..there are woody eminences, infested..with what is there called the hill fever. hill-folk n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller on high land > collectively hill-folk1814 hill-people1828 society > faith > worship > vow > covenant > [noun] > Scottish Presbyterian > one adhering to > collect hill-folk1814 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xiii. 199 He spared nobody but the scattered remnant of hill-folk, as he called them. View more context for this quotation 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 78 The stranger..being, in all probability, one of the hill-folk, or refractory presbyterians. hill-fox n. an Indian species of fox inhabiting the hills ( Canis Himalaicus). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > other types red wolf1823 hill-fox1838 kuri1838 zorro1838 Falkland Island wolf1857 bush dog1883 guara1884 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 393/1 The Canis Himalaicus, Hill Fox of the Europeans in the Doon, in Kumaon. 1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 311 During this day's march we shot..a hill fox, a deer, and a wild dog. hill-gooseberry n. a Chinese myrtaceous plant (see quot. 1880). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > Asian hill-gooseberry1880 1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark 292 The pretty pink-flowered Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, the berries of which are called ‘hill-gooseberries’. hill-king n. a king of the mountain-elves. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > nature-spirit > inhabiting mountain oreada1393 hill-king1884 1884 F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads I. ii. xli. 361/2 The etin of the Scottish story is in Norse and German a dwarf-king, elf-king, hill-king, or even a merman. hill-map n. a map showing elevations. ΚΠ 1900 Geogr. Jrnl. June 578 Progress of the 1-inch Hill Map of the United Kingdom. hill-margosa n. ΚΠ 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 731/1 M[elia] Azedarach, vulgarly known as the Pride of India..Bead-tree, or Hill Margosa, is widely diffused over the globe. hill-mustard n. (see quot. 1895). ΚΠ 1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 539/1 Oriental Bunias, sometimes called ‘hill-mustard’, was introduced into Britain about one hundred years ago for the sake of its leaves, which are used for feeding cattle. hill-oat n. a species of wild oat, Avena strigosa. ΚΠ 1827 J. Mitchell Sketches Agric. 176 Twenty bushel of Yorkshire hill oats are allowed to be an average quantity, to produce four and half bushel of shelling, or grits of 64lb. per bushel. Categories » hill-partridge n. a gallinaceous bird of India, Galloperdix lunulatus. hill-people n. inhabitants or frequenters of the hills, hillmen; spec. (a) the Cameronians; (b) the elves or fairies of the hills; cf. hillman n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller on high land > collectively hill-folk1814 hill-people1828 1828 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor VI. xxix. 271 Anecdotes told by the old Indians of the hill-people. 1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 3 Formerly gold was worked for by Shans and other hill people. hill pigeon n. = Cape pigeon n. at cape n.3 Compounds 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Procellariiformes > [noun] > member of family Procellariidae (petrel) > member of genus Daptian pintado1611 hill pigeon1731 Cape pigeon1798 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 158 Call'd at the Cape the Hill or Mount Pigeon. hill plover n. (in Scotland) the European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. at Plover Hill-plover. hill-shading n. the lines of shading on a map to represent hills. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > map colouring > hill shading hachure1858 hill-shading1877 hachuring1885 1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography i. 12 Commonly effected by a system of hill-shading. hill-spur n. (see spur n.1 11). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > spur nabc1450 kip1775 hill-spur1871 1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 253 I went about looking for game about the hill spurs. 1887 G. Meredith Ballads & Poems 88 Down the hillspurs. hill-star n. ‘a hummingbird of the genus Oreotrochilus’ ( Cent. Dict.). hill-stead n. a place on a hill. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > place on hill-stead1637 1637 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 18 James Pennyman shall have the Hilsteade and the marsh ground under it. hill-tit n. a bird of the family Liotrichidae. hill-wren n. a bird of the genus Pnoepyga. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Timaliinae > other types of babbler1832 scimitar-billed babbler1854 scimitar-babbler1863 scimitar-bill1872 rat-bird1883 hill-wren1885 1885 H. O. Forbes Naturalist's Wanderings Eastern Archipel. 207 I stalked a pretty little brown hill-wren (Pnoepyga pusilla). Draft additions September 2013 hill walker n. chiefly British a person who participates in hill walking. ΚΠ 1863 H. Kingsley Austin Elliot II. xix. 256 He, the best hill walker in the island, sped swiftly on messages of help and charity. 1920 G. W. Young Mountain Craft i. 41 The moment you get behind a good hill walker, you will see the difference between his regular, restrained swing..and the uneven jumping step..of the inexperienced walker. 2013 Scotsman (Nexis) 16 Feb. 28 Scotland's hills..can also be incredibly dangerous, as a number of climbers and hill walkers have found to their cost. hill walking n. chiefly British the action or activity of walking in hilly country, esp. as a pastime. ΚΠ 1837 Monthly Supp. to Penny Mag. 31 Mar. 167/2 Eleven or twelve miles of rough hill-walking. 1920 G. W. Young Mountain Craft i. 43 Hill walking exercises and develops all the movements of foot, ankle, knee and trunk which we use in balance-climbing on rock and snow. 2007 T. Carr & K. Heyes Happy Campers 23 You can do almost any sporting activity you could wish for, from hill walking and kayaking to gorge walking and coast steering. Draft additions December 2022 a hill to die on and variants: an issue a person has very strong convictions about and will resolutely defend, whatever the cost; often used to question whether the effort or cost is disproportionate to the cause, position, circumstances, etc. [Apparently with reference to a military operation which captures and then holds on to elevated ground even when it ceases to have strategic benefits.] Π 1980 D. Hepburn Why doesn't Somebody do Something ii. 23 ‘Daisy,' he will say, 'you need a higher hill than that to die on.’ 2002 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City) (Nexis) 22 Apr. Ask yourself, ‘Is this a hill worth dying on?’ Don't get in big arguments over small or unimportant issues. 2019 V. Houghton Nuking Moon (2020) vi. 67 If you asked twenty diplomatic historians, you'd get twenty different answers. (The only one that is correct: 1917. And yes, I will die on this hill.) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2022). hillv.1 Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. a. transitive. To cover, cover up; protect. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] beteec893 wryOE heelOE hilla1240 forhilla1300 covera1400 curea1400 covertc1420 paviliona1509 overdeck1509 heild?a1513 deck?1521 overhale1568 line1572 skin1618 operculate1623 endue1644 theek1667 to do over1700 sheugh1755 occlude1879 a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 279 Hwer wið þat blisfule blodi bodi þu mihtes hule and huide. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 102 It mai ben hoten heuene rof: It hiled al ðis werldes drof. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvi. 10 Vndire þe shadow of þi wenges hil me. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 80 Alle þe houses beoþ I-hulet [v.rr. helid; B. hiled, ihyled, helied; C. heled]..Wiþ no led bote wiþ loue. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 97 Hov hertily þe herdes wif hules þat child. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6802 He has noþer on bak ne bed Clath til hil [Fairf. hile, Trin. Cambr. hule] him. c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1872 Wyth þre towayles and no lasse Hule þyn auter at thy masse. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. xxiii. 189/2 Her here wexe soo moche that it hylled and hydde all her bodye. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 You must hyll you wel nowe anyghtes. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 6 Go hylle your heades. 1606 J. Reynolds Dolarnys Primerose (1880) 88 So should the earth, his breathlesse body hill. 1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) 44 A Floose of Hey..quite hill'd us booath. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 323 Have you hilled the child up? 1868 B. Brierley Ab-o'th-Yate on Times & Things (1870) 121 Th' owd lad wur hillin' hissel up nicely. b. intransitive. Of fish: To deposit or cover their spawn. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [verb (intransitive)] > deposit spawn hill1758 1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 29 A noted Place for Roach, Dace, and other small Fish, coming in Spawning Time to Hill, as it is called, otherwise laying their Spawn there in great Quantities. Categories » c. See hill v.2 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 143 Her to falles a tale. a hulet [a1250 Nero on iwrien] forbisne. a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) l. 720 (MED) Ȝif þu wel hiles te under godes wenges. a1300 Body & Soul 69 (Digby 86, lf. 196 b) Þe þridde dai flod shal flouen þat al þis world shal illen [MS. Harl. 2253 lf. 57 a, hylen: rhymes swyle, myle, while]. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 231 And tauȝte hym and Eue to hylien hem with leues. c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Pynson) xiv. E v Our defautes and trespasses we hyll and hyde. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. x. 12 Charite hilith alle synnes. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 1379 Wype awey þat blyndenesse whiche hath hilled ȝour sight. CompoundsΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 10 As Intrest or vsery, plaieth the dreuel, so, hilback & filbelly, bieteth as euill. Derivatives hilled adj. covered, armed. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [adjective] hilledc1330 barbed1509 barded1535 bard1581 barred1612 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 224 He sped him þider in haste, with hilled hors of pris. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). hillv.2 I. transitive. 1. a. To form into a hill or heap; to heap up; spec. to throw up (soil) into a mound or ridge for planting purposes. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up heapc1000 ruck?c1225 ruckle?c1225 givelc1300 upheap1469 binga1522 pilec1540 copa1552 bank1577 hill1581 plet1584 conglomerate1596 acervate1623 coacervate1623 tilea1643 aggest1655 coacerve1660 pyramida1666 aggerate1693 big1716 bepilea1726 clamp1742 bulk1822 pang1898 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > throw up ridges rig?1523 ridge?1530 to trench up1763 upset1764 to lay up1842 hill1884 1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 10 §4 Before..such Corn or Grain shall be shocked, cocked, hilled or copped. 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln xii. 266 Mr. Lloyd is much against hilling of manure. 1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 350 It [lime] is fetched from the chalk hills..and ‘hilled’ for 2 or 3 weeks before used, the heap being covered over with earth. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) (at cited word) I put some manure in and hilled the soil atop of it. 1887 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 822/1 The tobacco-land is hilled up, but scarcely half of it as yet planted. b. figurative. To heap up, amass. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate heapc1000 tassea1400 aggregate?a1425 grossc1440 amass1481 accumulatec1487 accumule1490 exaggerate1533 cumulate1534 compile1578 pook1587 mass1604 hilla1618 congeriate1628 agglomerate1751 pile1827 to roll up1848 a1618 J. Sylvester New-polished Spectacles in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1184 When Hoord on Hoord, when Heap on Heap he hilleth. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxxii. sig. O3v When a man shall exhaust his very vitalitie, for the hilling vp of fatall Gold. 1660 Char. Italy 12 Another trick..that helpeth to hill up his fatal riches. 2. Agriculture. To cover and bank up the roots of (growing plants) with a heap of soil; to earth up. (Also absol.). [This seems to have been originally a use of hill v.1 to cover (cf. heel v.1 2c), which has become associated with hill n. 3b, and so with this verb, the forms being identical.] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > earth up bank1577 hill1577 mould1601 earth1658 heela1722 to set up1801 landa1806 stitch1805 soil1844 earthen1904 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62v Set in grounde well couered with..mould, and afterward hilled, and so suffered to remayne al Winter. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 523 The skill and feat of baring the roots of trees, and also of hilling or banking them about. 1612 J. Smith Map of Virginia 16 When it [corn] is growne midle high, they hill it about like a hop-yard. 1773 Hist. Brit. Dominions N. Amer. vi. iii. 123 The [tobacco] plants are set at three or four feet intervals or distances: they are hilled, and kept continually weeded. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 175 The horse hoe..to do the laborious work of the hoe in hilling corn up. 1797 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 89 At Midsummer they hill them [hops]. 1861 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 22 ii. 305 Hilling, or earthing-up the plant. 3. To surround with hills. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [verb (transitive)] > surround with hill1612 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 17 Pleasant valleys hil'd on euery side. 4. To cover with hills or heaps. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [verb (transitive)] > cover with hill1807 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 279 Shocks, ranged in rows, hill high the burden'd lands. II. intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > travel in upward direction to turn upa1375 ascend1382 mount1440 hilla1552 upturn1818 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [verb (intransitive)] > slope upwards hilla1552 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) VII. 15 The Soyle of the Ground..is on mayne Slaty Roke, and especially the Parte of the Towne hillinge toward the Castell. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 85 Cumming to highe g(round, and somewhat) in sight by hilling I passid a Mile. 6. To assemble on rising ground, as ruffs. See hill n. 3c. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > assemble (of ruffs) hill1770 1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 22 Soon after their arrival in the fens in spring, they [sc. ruffs] begin to hill, i.e. to collect on some dry bank near a flash of water, in expectation of the Reeves, which resort to them. 1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 294 During spring, when the ruffs hill. 1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 295 Taking ruffs when not hilled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < |
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