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单词 hill
释义

hilln.

Brit. /hɪl/, U.S. /hɪl/
Forms: Old English hyll, Middle English hul, Middle English hull(e, Middle English–1600s hil, Middle English hel(l, Middle English–1500s hyl, hyll(e, Middle English–1600s hille, (1500s yll), Middle English– hill.
Etymology: Old English hyll strong masculine and feminine = Low German hull, Frisian hel, Middle Dutch hille, hil, hul < Germanic *hulni-z, pre-Germanic *kulní-s; compare Lithuanian kilnus high, kalnas hill, Latin collis hill, celsus lofty, culmen top, from ablaut-stem kel-, kol-, k'l-.
1.
a. A natural elevation of the earth's surface rising more or less steeply above the level of the surrounding land. Formerly the general term, including what are now called mountains; after the introduction of the latter word, gradually restricted to heights of less elevation; but the discrimination is largely a matter of local usage, and of the more or less mountainous character of the district, heights which in one locality are called mountains being in another reckoned merely as hills. A more rounded and less rugged outline is also usually connoted by the name.In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; ‘mountain’ being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called ‘hills’, in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. The plural hills is often applied to a region of hills or highland; esp. to the highlands of northern and interior India.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun]
mounteOE
hillc1000
fella1400
month1477
range1601
morro1826
jebel1844
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun]
cloudc893
downOE
hillc1000
penOE
holmc1275
woldc1275
clotc1325
banka1393
knotc1400
nipc1400
rist1577
kop1835
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 576 Hi huntiað hi of ælcere dune and of ælcere hylle.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Uppan þan hulle synai.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12055 Þatt hill þatt wass swa wunnderr heh.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 136 For se þehul is herre. se þewint is mare þron.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 5 Ine þe helle of Synay.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 5 In a Mayes Morwnynge on Maluerne hulles Me bi-fel a ferly.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13690 Mont oliuet it es an hill þat iesus hanted mikel till.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 787 On þe hyl of Syon.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iii. 16 There is a grete Hille that men clepen Olympus.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 423 There be hilles in Snawdonia of a grete altitude..whiche hilles men of that cuntre calle Eriri, that soundethe in Englishe the hilles of snawe.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. lix. 43 Fast besyde salysbury upon an hull.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 177 Aetna, the burning hil.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 69 Yea, in the ridge of their highest hils (mountaines indeed I cannot terme them) you shall find pooles.
a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) x. 81 Whereas..other Languages..have two severall words for to signifie those observable heights..The English language useth one and the same word for both, calling hils aswell the one as the other..but that sometimes the word small or great is added. Now because this..would cause some confusion..that hath made us restrain it to one of the sorts, and to call hils onely the lesser sort.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 91 The hills move lightly, and the mountains smoke, For He has touched them.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 158 Across the hills, and far away Beyond their utmost purple rim.
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 99 All inhabited hills varying from 1,500 ft. to 4,000.
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 74 Men who came from the Nepaul hills, whose home was..at an elevation certainly not less than 10,000 feet.
1881 J. F. T. Keane Six Months in Meccah 1 The foot-hills of the approach to a range of mountains.
1888 R. Kipling (title) Plain tales from the hills.
b. Often contrasted with dale, plain. (In this use hill occurs in the singular without article.) hill and dale: also, applied to any markings or groovings likened to hills and dales; spec. used attributively to denote that manner of making gramophone records, or the records themselves, in which the undulations are cut in a vertical plane by the recording stylus. Also, applied to the alternating ridges and hollows of waste rock, etc., which are created by open-cast mining or ironstone working; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > undulating form
waving1789
waviness1790
undulation1798
billowiness1826
hill and dale1918
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [adjective] > type of cutting by stylus
hill and dale1929
lateral1942
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3997 Prykynge ouer hulle & pleyn, Til he cam to Charlemeyn.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xxxiv. 134 Then the sonne..toke hir with him, and Ronne to-gedir ouer hillis and dalis, til tyme that thei come to the castell.
c1580 tr. Bugbears iii. iii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 Ylls, wodes and dales.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B4 But euery hil and dale, each wood and plaine.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 639 When it is Summer in the Hils, it is Winter in the plaines.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 262 About me round I saw Hill, Dale, and shadie Woods. View more context for this quotation
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxvii. 108 And hill and wood and field did print The same sweet forms in either mind. View more context for this quotation
1918 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add.
1929 P. Wilson & G. W. Webb Mod. Gramophones ii. 34 This form of record has several advantages over the hill-and-dale cut.
1931 News Chron. 20 Mar. 15/2 A graph, whose hills and dales represent maximum and minimum velocity of each of a series of strokes.
1949 Hansard, Commons 6 Dec. 1835 The whole countryside is disfigured by deep cuttings and large tracts of what is known as hill and dale—impassable areas of heaped limestone.
1949 Hansard, Commons 6 Dec. 1844 We do not really know enough about hills and dales to be quite satisfied in all cases.
1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 218 Hill-and-dale formation.., a term applied to the ridges and hollows along the surface of dumped material (usually over-burden) at an opencast mine.
c. After up, down, used without the article: see down n.1, downhill adv., adj., and n., etc.
ΚΠ
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 777 Half way up Hill . View more context for this quotation
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 195 He had gone down hill.
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 207 I followed..up hill and down dale, but never saw him more.
d. Proverbs and sayings. †to get the hill, to get vantage-ground (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery, superiority, or advantage [verb (intransitive)] > have position of advantage > gain a position of superiority
to get the hill1647
to get points on1880
c1305 St. Lucy 126 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 105 Euere heo lai stille as an hul.
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. vii. 19) Corruption, edg'd with a temptation, gets as it were the hill, and the winde, and, upon such advantages, too oft prevaileth.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 292 A good Cause and Miscarriage meet oftner than Hills.
1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 58 Why, he's as old as the Hills.
1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxv. 416 All this time, Martin was cursing Mr. Pecksniff up hill and down dale.
1857 R. C. Trench On Lessons in Proverbs (ed. 4) i. 21 Do in hill as you would do in hall.
1892 Bowen in Law Times Rep. 68 127/2 The law of estoppel by deed is as old as the hills.
e. over the hill: having passed the prime in professional ability, physical beauty, etc. Chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.)
oldeOE
winteredeOE
oldlyOE
over-oldOE
eldernc1175
at-oldc1200
stricken on, in age, in eldec1380
oldlya1382
(well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386
ancientc1400
aged1420
well-agedc1450
ripec1480
passing oldc1485
(well) shot in years1530
old aged1535
agey1547
Ogygian1567
strucken1576
oldish1580
stricken in yearsa1586
declined1591
far1591
struck1597
Nestorian1605
overripe1605
elderly1611
eld1619
antiquated1631
enaged1631
thorough-old1639
emerita1643
grandevous1647
magnaevous1727
badgerly1753
(as) old as the hills1819
olden days1823
crusted1833
long in the tooth1841
oldened1854
mature1867
over the hill1950
1950 N.Y. Herald Tribune 6 Dec. 35/2 He has lost his punch... He's a lot farther over the hill than I was when I hung up the gloves in 1927.
1952 M. R. Rinehart Swimming Pool xxxii. 259 The flawless skin goes, the lovely eyes fade, and she knows she is over the hill.
1957 I. Cross God Boy (1958) xxiii. 197 As they say about boxers who are getting on in years, she is over the hill.
1962 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 17 June 20/3 Must you feel ‘over the hill’ after 40?
1972 H. Kemelman Monday Rabbi took Off ii. 24 When a rabbi gets to be around fifty, his chances of getting another job are not so good. He's like over the hill.
2. figurative. Something of enormous mass; something not easily mounted or overcome.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness > and solidity > that which is
mountaina1450
hillc1450
mill-post1562
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > a difficulty > a great difficulty
Pelion1560
hill1645
hell and (also or) high water1872
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 6 Ryȝt so, þis watyr & þis flood of þe gret curs flowyth hyȝe in-to þe hylles of prowde & ryche folk.
1645 J. Milton Sonnet ix, in Poems 50 With those..That labour up the Hill of heav'nly Truth.
1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs i. 66 O're Hills of Guilt and Seas of Grief, He leaps.
1851 R. A. Willmott Pleasures of Lit. §21 (1857) 135 The hill of knowledge and fame was rapidly climbed.
3.
a. A heap or mound of earth, sand, or other material, raised or formed by human or other agency. Cf. also anthill n., dunghill n., molehill n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound
balkc885
bankc1175
hill1297
hillock1382
mow?1424
sunka1522
tump1589
anthill1598
pustule1651
mound1791
hag1805
moundlet1808
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile
heapc725
cockeOE
hill1297
tassc1330
glub1382
mow?1424
bulkc1440
pile1440
pie1526
bing1528
borwen1570
ruck1601
rick1608
wreck1612
congest1625
castle1636
coacervation1650
congestion1664
cop1666
cumble1694
bin1695
toss1695
thurrock1708
rucklea1725
burrow1784
mound1788
wad1805
stook1865
boorach1868
barrow1869
sorites1871
tump1892
fid1926
clamp-
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 296 As þycke as ameten crepeþ in an amete hulle.
c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2417 To-delue anon in thi donghel.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 23221 If a hille of fire ware made & þorou chaunce þou in hit slade.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 288 Ther was hilles of dede men and horse hem be-forn.
1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1662) 283 Moules..spoyle any faire meddow..in casting up hils.
1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1662) 289 Casting a great hill as big as two barrowfuls.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2 He rose, for to remoue aside Those pretious hils [of gold] from straungers enuious sight.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 313 Looking down on the world as an Ant-hill.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 346 The wain..appears a moving hill of snow.
1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. xviii. 313 She clutched her hands into a hill of dried weed.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Hill, a heap of potatoes or mangold wurzel.
b. A heap formed round a plant by banking up or hoeing (see hill v.2 2). Also: the cluster of plants on level ground. Cf. a hill of beans at bean n. 6e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] > tuft, clump, or cluster of plants
hassockc1450
tuft?1523
tusk1530
tush1570
hill1572
dollop1573
clumpa1586
rush1593
trail1597
tussock1607
wreath1610
stool1712
tump1802
sheaf1845
massif1888
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun] > earthing up > heap so formed
hill1572
1572 L. Mascall tr. in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 88 Then againe cast vp the earth about your hils, and clensing them from all weedes..so let them rest till your Poles may be set therein.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62v The Hoppes..are cut downe close to the ground, and the hilles being agayne raysed, are couered with doung.
1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 120 A man ought to go through the field, and pull up those plants that look least promising leaving only three plants in each hill.
1799 G. Washington Writings (1893) XIV. 232 No. 2..is to be..planted with potatoes; whether in Hills, or Drills, may be considered.
a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 108 The earth is raised to the height of from four to six inches, around the corn, and is denominated a hill; whence every planting is called a hill of corn.
1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 538 The general mode of planting hops is to place the hills at equal distances.
1854 Trans. Pennsylvania State Agric. Soc. 79 The best corn planter..marks the ground so as to keep the hills in rows in all directions.
1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West 570 Each field..contained some three hundred hills of corn.
1884 H. Butterworth Zigzag Journeys Western States 42 Jerry was working like a beaver, and only three hills of potatoes to the square now.
1887 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 815/2 In Virginia..a labourer is required for every 20,000 hills of tobacco.
1964 A. H. Burgess Hops vi. 82 If rooted sets..are unobtainable, cuttings can be used for planting the [hop] garden. When this is done two or three cuttings should be planted at each hill.
c. The rising ground on which ruffs assemble at the breeding season; an assemblage of ruffs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) > ground on which ruffs assemble
hill1770
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) > assemblage of
hill1875
1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 22 When a fowler discovers one of these hills, he places his net over night.
1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 294 During the breeding season they [ruffs] frequent drier grounds, and assemble on small hillocks..An experienced fenman soon finds out their blood-stained hills.
1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 295 Frequently taking the whole hill at a single fold of the net.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. ix. §1 A ‘hill’ of ruffs.
d. Heraldry. A charge representing a hill, usually vert.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > hill
mount1610
mountain1610
hill?1828
?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Ff3/2 Hill, or Hillock, is sometimes borne in coat-armour. When only one, it is called a hill; but if more than one is borne, they are termed hillocks, or mole-hills.
1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 72/1 Three Hills, as in the arms of Brinckman.
1966 C. W. Scott-Giles & J. P. Brooke-Little Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.) 301 Hill, or Hillock, a green mount.
e. A nitro-glycerine factory.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific things are made > [noun] > explosives
powder-mill1645
corning-mill1794
shot-tower1835
hill1897
charge-house1900
1897 Pearson's Mag. IV. 150/2 You have now reached the bottom of the ‘hill’—all nitro-glycerine factories are called ‘hills’.
1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §149 Nitroglycerine hillman, an explosive worker engaged on repetition work in nitroglycerine manufacture.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1. Of or pertaining to a hill or hills.
hill-brow n.
ΚΠ
1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 40 The warm hay from The hill-brow.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. viii. 146 The north end of the hill-brow.
hill-cop n.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 790 Þe apostel hem segh..Arayed to þe weddyng in þat hyl coppe.
hill-crest n.
hill-face n.
ΚΠ
1883 Longman's Mag. Nov. 71 The sportsman..has gone up the hill-face.
hill-foot n.
ΚΠ
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Exod. xx. 18) 78 From the hill-foot where they stood and trembled.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 12 The river winds along the hill-foot.
hill-ground n.
ΚΠ
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 17v It is to be learned, what is best for the hill ground, what for the valley.
hill-line n.
ΚΠ
1873 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 343 The crests of the hill-line are crowned with the domes of the mosques.
hill-name n.
ΚΠ
1922 E. Ekwall Place-names Lancs. 28 Very few hill-names, apart from those which have given names to places, are found in early sources.
hill-pasture n.
ΚΠ
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 525 All the tenants have a proportionable share of hill-pasture.
hill-range n.
ΚΠ
1844 E. B. Barrett Duchess May in Poems II. 64 I could see the low hill-ranges.
hill-ridge n.
ΚΠ
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 265 A promontory, or long hill-ridge projecting into a basin.
hill-slope n.
ΚΠ
1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 13 The damp hill-slopes.
1908 Daily Chron. 14 May 5/4 On the north side of the valley the hill-slopes are fairly open.
1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox 97 The hill-slope [seemed] steeper.
hill-wash n.
ΚΠ
1936 Nature 29 Aug. 357/2 A hill~wash, some 11 ft. in thickness, contained large numbers of flint artefacts.
1958 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 4) 158 The Middle Older Loess of the section is a complex of loessic hillwash material derived from higher up the slope.
C2. Of or pertaining to the hill-country of India.
hill-appointment n.
ΚΠ
1896 Westm. Gaz. 30 Dec. 3/2 There were only two hill appointments possible at the time.
hill-station n.
ΚΠ
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 42 Now that European troops are being gradually concentrated on hill stations.
1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest iv. 43 March-Phillipps had served in India..where he had experienced..the glitter of social life in various hill stations.
1969 Filmfare (Bombay) 1 Aug. 31/4 Once, while shooting at a hill station, the entire R.K. unit was staying in a quaint hillside hotel.
C3. For a hill or hill-country. Also: pertaining to the rearing and tending of sheep in hilly country.
hill-chair n.
ΚΠ
1861 in Hare 2 Noble Lives (1893) III. 175 About eleven she set off again in her hill-chair.
hill-gun n.
C4. Inhabiting or frequenting hills, situated or held on a hill. Also hill fort n., etc.
a.
hill-bamboo n.
ΚΠ
1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 232 The best kind of shafts are hill bamboos which have no hollow.
hill-convent n.
ΚΠ
1878 Symonds Many Moods, Riviera 11 How well In this hill-convent glides for them the day!
hill-culture n.
ΚΠ
1936 Discovery June 179/2 This midden culture, which we call Sotho, differs..in nearly every respect from our Shona or Hill culture.
1950 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Hillculture, a system of agriculture utilizing erosion-preventing crops that are ecologically and economically best suited for sloping or hilly (often sub-marginal) land.
hill-fair n.
ΚΠ
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 329/1 A hill fair (that is where the fair is held upon a hill away from a town).
hill-fastness n.
hill-grass n.
hill-horse n.
ΚΠ
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 310 He keeps also fewer hill-horses, a small species, of which at one time there were vast herds in the highlands.
hill-house n.
hill-kangaroo n.
ΚΠ
1935 H. H. Finlayson Red Centre (1952) 40 The short-limbed, broad-chested, sturdy, hill kangaroos or euros.
1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft ii. 27 A number of men are required to capture the wallaby or the euro (hill kangaroo).
hill-kid n.
ΚΠ
1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord Introd. What resembled hares were in fact hill-kids.
hill-pony n.
hill-priest n.
ΚΠ
1881 J. T. Fowler in Academy 29 Oct. 334 The hill-priests and the hedge-priests of the Northern diocese.
hill-temple n.
ΚΠ
1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 231 It may be correctly described as a hill-temple.
hill-tent n.
ΚΠ
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 89 The Carpenter went up to the Hill Tent, so called from its situation.
hill-town n.
ΚΠ
1887 W. S. Pratt in W. Gladden Parish Prob. 433 Even the most humble, untaught player in a struggling hill-town may fulfill..all the higher duties of his office.
1911 R. Brooke Poems 24 Out of the white hill-town, High up I clamber.
1972 W. Garner Ditto, Brother Rat! xxiii. 172 ‘Tell me about Vauban.’..‘A dilapidated little hill town.’
hill-tribe n.
ΚΠ
1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 406/1 Hill tribes, the barbarous tribes dwelling in remote parts of the Deccan or plateau of Central India.
1946 Nature 6 July 35/1 Any hill-tribe tends to lead a more or less segregated life.
1972 National Geographic Feb. 271/1 Although often labeled as a ‘hill tribe’, Thailand's Karens occupy both upland and lowland villages.
hill-village n.
ΚΠ
1905 Daily Chron. 9 Oct. 4/2 The picturesque little hill-village of Moniaive [in Dumfriesshire].
1947 Geogr. Jrnl. 110 79 By no means all hill villages..are in the pastoral zone and many are associated with a fully-developed system of common arable fields.
b.
hill ewe n.
ΚΠ
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 116 A successful hill lambing depends very much upon..the condition of the ewes at that period. Hill ewes are never in too high condition.
hill farm n.
ΚΠ
1841 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 13 Feb. in Writings (1906) VII. 213 His hill-farm is poor stuff.
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 101 Hill farms... Hill stocks should always be fixtures on the farm.
hill farming n.
ΚΠ
1946 Act 9 & 10 Geo. VI c. 73 §1Hill farming land’ means mountain, hill and heath land which is suitable for use for the maintenance of sheep of a hardy kind but not of sheep of other kinds, or which by improvement could be made suitable.
hill fire n.
ΚΠ
1881 D. G. Rossetti House of Life v Tender as dawn's first hill-fire.
hill herding n.
ΚΠ
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 123 The science of hill-herding.
hill paddock n.
ΚΠ
1962 Coast to Coast 1961–2 13 Nicholas wanted to..gambol as senselessly as the new lambs in the hill paddocks.
hill site n.
ΚΠ
1874 J. G. Whittier Palestine in Voices of Freedom 29 Lo, Bethlehem's hill-site before me is seen.
hill sheep n.
ΚΠ
1749 H. Purefoy in Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. 162 I desire you will buy for mee ten ewes & lambs of the little short-legged horned Hill Sheep.
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 358/1 The average weight of the fleece..is now at least 3 lbs. in the hill-sheep, and nearly 4 lbs. in the lowland-sheep.
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 103 Hill sheep farming.
hill wool n.
ΚΠ
1963 Times 13 Feb. 14/7 Should lamb and hill wool continue to be treated as special cases on social grounds?
C5. Objective, instrumental, and locative.
a.
hill-climber n.
ΚΠ
1897 Daily News 25 May 5/4 A gentleman..cyclist and champion hill-climber.
hill-crowning adj.
ΚΠ
1757 J. Dyer Fleece iv. 142 Whose hill-crowning walls Shine, like the rising Moon, through wat'ry mists.
b.
hill-born adj.
ΚΠ
1911 E. Pound Canzoni 21 A swelling turbid sea Hill~born and tumultuous.
a1963 C. S. Lewis Poems (1964) 35 The hill-born, earthy spring,..The ripe peach from the southern wall still hot.
hill-girdled adj.
hill-girt adj.
ΚΠ
1860 All Year Round 17 Mar. 492/2 A green, nestling, hill-girt Devonshire valley.
hill-surrounded adj.
ΚΠ
1881 R. Jefferies Wood Magic II. vi. 152 The hill-surrounded plain.
C6.
hill-set adj. (after Matthew 5:14) ‘set’ or situated on a hill.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [adjective] > situated or dwelling
seven-hilly1561
seven-hilled?1580
seven mountain-seated1624
hilly1632
overhill1763
hill-set1906
1906 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 12/2 Brown-roofed, hill-set villages.
1906 Macmillan's Mag. July 695 Ruler of his tiny hill-set principality.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Aug. 2/4 Our hillset house of prayer.
C7.
hill-ant n. a species that forms ant-hills.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > that form ant-hills
hill-ant1747
1747 W. Gould Acct. Eng. Ants 2 The Hill Ants I so denominate from their usual Place of Residence, the sunny Banks or Sides of Hills.
hill-berry n. the Deerberry or Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, of North America.
hill-bird n. (a) the fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (Swainson Prov. Names Birds 1885); (b) the upland plover or Bartramian sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda, of North America.
hill-chapel n. Obsolete a high-place for worship.
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. vi. 4 The cities shalbe desolate, ye hillchapels layed waist: youre aulters destroyed.
hill-climb n. the action of climbing hills, esp. as a test for motor vehicles.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > hill-climbing (motor vehicles)
hill-climbing1900
hill-climb1905
1905 Westm. Gaz. 6 June 4/2 At the hill-climb on May 27.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 26 Feb. 4/2 The club will organise competitions, hill-climbs, club-runs, and so on.
1971 I. Wagstaff in J. Walton Castrol Guide Motoring Sport x. 70 The object of a hill climb is for drivers..to reach the top of the hill in a shorter time than any other competitor.
hill-climbing n. also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > hill-climbing (motor vehicles)
hill-climbing1900
hill-climb1905
1637 J. Shirley Hide Parke iv. sig. G2 Hill climing white-rose, praise doth not lacke.
1861 C. Norton Lady of La Garaye ii. 147 When wild hill-climbing wooed her spirit higher.
1900 W. W. Beaumont Motor Vehicles I. 615 Hill-climbing trials alone would not of course be sufficient as a test of the wearing power or durability of a car.
1904 Peel Guardian & Chron. 23 Apr. The venue of the hill-climbing contest has not been fixed.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 19 Mar. 4/1 Its smooth and faultless running and wonderful hill-climbing abilities.
1931 Boys' Mag. 45 169/1 The presence of the carbon will cause overheating, bad hill-climbing and loss of power, so when any of these things persist, it is time for the engine to be ‘decoked’.
hill-den n. Obsolete a mountain cave.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave > other
hill-den1582
self-open1674
ice cave1770
bone cave1813
rock house1860
cavelet1864
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 5 He [sc. Æolus] maystreth monsterus hildens, Youre kennels, good syrs.
hill-digger n. Obsolete one who digs into barrows or tumuli.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs other structures
hill-digger1521
sinker1584
pondcaster1602
navigator1775
dammer1816
navvy1829
muck-shifter1856
1521 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1847) 1 54 Smyth..examyning the same Goodred upon hill digging..; if he wolde not confesse to them that he was an hille digger, he wold thrust his dagar throwe his chekes.
1847 Norfolk Archæol. I. 53–4.
1887 A. Jessopp in 19th Cent. Jan. 56 The hill diggers of the fifteenth century did their work most effectually.
hill-digging n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > digging into barrows
hill-digging1521
1521 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1847) 1 54 Smyth..examyning the same Goodred upon hill digging.
hill-engraver n. (in map-making) one who makes the representations of elevations on an engraved plate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > [noun] > map-maker
cardman1598
map-maker1598
mappist1614
mapper1635
map-graver1662
cartographer1863
hill-engraver1900
1900 Geogr. Jrnl. June 589 The employment of hill-engravers, who are, as already stated, so much required for the completion of the hill-engraving of the 1-inch map.
hill-engraving n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > hill-engraving
hill-engraving1900
1900 Geogr. Jrnl. (Royal Geogr. Soc.) June 589 The employment of hill-engravers, who are, as already stated, so much required for the completion of the hill-engraving of the 1-inch map.
hill-fever n. a kind of remittent fever prevalent in the hill country of India.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers
fever hectica1398
emitrichie1398
hectic1398
etisie1527
emphysode fever1547
frenzy-fever1613
purple fever1623
prunella1656
marcid fever1666
remittent1693
feveret1712
rheumatic fever1726
milk fever1739
stationary fever1742
febricula1746
milky fever1747
camp-disease1753
camp-fever1753
sun fever1765
recurrent fever1768
rose fever1782
tooth-fever1788
sensitive fever1794
forest-fever1799
white leg1801
hill-fever1804
Walcheren fever1810
Mediterranean fever1816
malignant1825
relapsing fever1828
rose cold1831
date fever1836
rose catarrh1845
Walcheren ague1847
mountain fever1849
mill fever1850
Malta fever1863
bilge-fever1867
Oroya fever1873
hyperpyrexia1875
famine-fever1876
East Coast fever1881
spirillum fevera1883
kala azar1883
black water1884
febricule1887
urine fever1888
undulant fever1896
rabbit fever1898
rat bite fever1910
Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911
sandfly fever1911
tularaemia1921
sodoku1926
brucellosis1930
Rift Valley fever1931
Zika1952
Lassa fever1970
Marburg1983
1804 C. B. Brown tr. C. F. de Volney View Soil & Climate U.S.A. 234 In Bengal..there are woody eminences, infested..with what is there called the hill fever.
hill-folk n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller on high land > collectively
hill-folk1814
hill-people1828
society > faith > worship > vow > covenant > [noun] > Scottish Presbyterian > one adhering to > collect
hill-folk1814
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xiii. 199 He spared nobody but the scattered remnant of hill-folk, as he called them. View more context for this quotation
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 78 The stranger..being, in all probability, one of the hill-folk, or refractory presbyterians.
hill-fox n. an Indian species of fox inhabiting the hills ( Canis Himalaicus).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > other types
red wolf1823
hill-fox1838
kuri1838
zorro1838
Falkland Island wolf1857
bush dog1883
guara1884
1838 Penny Cycl. X. 393/1 The Canis Himalaicus, Hill Fox of the Europeans in the Doon, in Kumaon.
1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 311 During this day's march we shot..a hill fox, a deer, and a wild dog.
hill-gooseberry n. a Chinese myrtaceous plant (see quot. 1880).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > Asian
hill-gooseberry1880
1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark 292 The pretty pink-flowered Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, the berries of which are called ‘hill-gooseberries’.
hill-king n. a king of the mountain-elves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > nature-spirit > inhabiting mountain
oreada1393
hill-king1884
1884 F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads I. ii. xli. 361/2 The etin of the Scottish story is in Norse and German a dwarf-king, elf-king, hill-king, or even a merman.
hill-map n. a map showing elevations.
ΚΠ
1900 Geogr. Jrnl. June 578 Progress of the 1-inch Hill Map of the United Kingdom.
hill-margosa n.
ΚΠ
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 731/1 M[elia] Azedarach, vulgarly known as the Pride of India..Bead-tree, or Hill Margosa, is widely diffused over the globe.
hill-mustard n. (see quot. 1895).
ΚΠ
1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 539/1 Oriental Bunias, sometimes called ‘hill-mustard’, was introduced into Britain about one hundred years ago for the sake of its leaves, which are used for feeding cattle.
hill-oat n. a species of wild oat, Avena strigosa.
ΚΠ
1827 J. Mitchell Sketches Agric. 176 Twenty bushel of Yorkshire hill oats are allowed to be an average quantity, to produce four and half bushel of shelling, or grits of 64lb. per bushel.
Categories »
hill-partridge n. a gallinaceous bird of India, Galloperdix lunulatus.
hill-people n. inhabitants or frequenters of the hills, hillmen; spec. (a) the Cameronians; (b) the elves or fairies of the hills; cf. hillman n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller on high land > collectively
hill-folk1814
hill-people1828
1828 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor VI. xxix. 271 Anecdotes told by the old Indians of the hill-people.
1879 F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 3 Formerly gold was worked for by Shans and other hill people.
hill pigeon n. = Cape pigeon n. at cape n.3 Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Procellariiformes > [noun] > member of family Procellariidae (petrel) > member of genus Daptian
pintado1611
hill pigeon1731
Cape pigeon1798
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 158 Call'd at the Cape the Hill or Mount Pigeon.
hill plover n. (in Scotland) the European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. at Plover Hill-plover.
hill-shading n. the lines of shading on a map to represent hills.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > map colouring > hill shading
hachure1858
hill-shading1877
hachuring1885
1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography i. 12 Commonly effected by a system of hill-shading.
hill-spur n. (see spur n.1 11).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > spur
nabc1450
kip1775
hill-spur1871
1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 253 I went about looking for game about the hill spurs.
1887 G. Meredith Ballads & Poems 88 Down the hillspurs.
hill-star n. ‘a hummingbird of the genus Oreotrochilus’ ( Cent. Dict.).
hill-stead n. a place on a hill.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > place on
hill-stead1637
1637 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 18 James Pennyman shall have the Hilsteade and the marsh ground under it.
hill-tit n. a bird of the family Liotrichidae.
hill-wren n. a bird of the genus Pnoepyga.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Timaliinae > other types of
babbler1832
scimitar-billed babbler1854
scimitar-babbler1863
scimitar-bill1872
rat-bird1883
hill-wren1885
1885 H. O. Forbes Naturalist's Wanderings Eastern Archipel. 207 I stalked a pretty little brown hill-wren (Pnoepyga pusilla).

Draft additions September 2013

hill walker n. chiefly British a person who participates in hill walking.
ΚΠ
1863 H. Kingsley Austin Elliot II. xix. 256 He, the best hill walker in the island, sped swiftly on messages of help and charity.
1920 G. W. Young Mountain Craft i. 41 The moment you get behind a good hill walker, you will see the difference between his regular, restrained swing..and the uneven jumping step..of the inexperienced walker.
2013 Scotsman (Nexis) 16 Feb. 28 Scotland's hills..can also be incredibly dangerous, as a number of climbers and hill walkers have found to their cost.
hill walking n. chiefly British the action or activity of walking in hilly country, esp. as a pastime.
ΚΠ
1837 Monthly Supp. to Penny Mag. 31 Mar. 167/2 Eleven or twelve miles of rough hill-walking.
1920 G. W. Young Mountain Craft i. 43 Hill walking exercises and develops all the movements of foot, ankle, knee and trunk which we use in balance-climbing on rock and snow.
2007 T. Carr & K. Heyes Happy Campers 23 You can do almost any sporting activity you could wish for, from hill walking and kayaking to gorge walking and coast steering.

Draft additions December 2022

a hill to die on and variants: an issue a person has very strong convictions about and will resolutely defend, whatever the cost; often used to question whether the effort or cost is disproportionate to the cause, position, circumstances, etc. [Apparently with reference to a military operation which captures and then holds on to elevated ground even when it ceases to have strategic benefits.]
Π
1980 D. Hepburn Why doesn't Somebody do Something ii. 23 ‘Daisy,' he will say, 'you need a higher hill than that to die on.’
2002 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City) (Nexis) 22 Apr. Ask yourself, ‘Is this a hill worth dying on?’ Don't get in big arguments over small or unimportant issues.
2019 V. Houghton Nuking Moon (2020) vi. 67 If you asked twenty diplomatic historians, you'd get twenty different answers. (The only one that is correct: 1917. And yes, I will die on this hill.)
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2022).

hillv.1

Forms: Middle English hylien, illen, hule, hile, Middle English hyl(e, Middle English–1500s hil, hill(e, Middle English–1500s hyll(e, Middle English– hill.
Etymology: Middle English hulen (ü ), hilen , hyllen , hillen , corresponding to an Old English type *hyllan : compare Old Saxon bi-hullean , Old High German hullan (Middle High German, modern German hüllen ), Old Norse hylja , (hulda , hulit , Danish hylle ), Gothic huljan , < hul- , weak grade of helan : see heel v.1 It is probable that the Middle English word was from Norse.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1.
a. transitive. To cover, cover up; protect. Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)]
beteec893
wryOE
heelOE
hilla1240
forhilla1300
covera1400
curea1400
covertc1420
paviliona1509
overdeck1509
heild?a1513
deck?1521
overhale1568
line1572
skin1618
operculate1623
endue1644
theek1667
to do over1700
sheugh1755
occlude1879
a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 279 Hwer wið þat blisfule blodi bodi þu mihtes hule and huide.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 102 It mai ben hoten heuene rof: It hiled al ðis werldes drof.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvi. 10 Vndire þe shadow of þi wenges hil me.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 80 Alle þe houses beoþ I-hulet [v.rr. helid; B. hiled, ihyled, helied; C. heled]..Wiþ no led bote wiþ loue.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 97 Hov hertily þe herdes wif hules þat child.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6802 He has noþer on bak ne bed Clath til hil [Fairf. hile, Trin. Cambr. hule] him.
c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1872 Wyth þre towayles and no lasse Hule þyn auter at thy masse.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. xxiii. 189/2 Her here wexe soo moche that it hylled and hydde all her bodye.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 You must hyll you wel nowe anyghtes.
1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 6 Go hylle your heades.
1606 J. Reynolds Dolarnys Primerose (1880) 88 So should the earth, his breathlesse body hill.
1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) 44 A Floose of Hey..quite hill'd us booath.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 323 Have you hilled the child up?
1868 B. Brierley Ab-o'th-Yate on Times & Things (1870) 121 Th' owd lad wur hillin' hissel up nicely.
b. intransitive. Of fish: To deposit or cover their spawn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [verb (intransitive)] > deposit spawn
hill1758
1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 29 A noted Place for Roach, Dace, and other small Fish, coming in Spawning Time to Hill, as it is called, otherwise laying their Spawn there in great Quantities.
Categories »
c. See hill v.2 2.
2. To cover from sight; to hide, conceal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 143 Her to falles a tale. a hulet [a1250 Nero on iwrien] forbisne.
a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) l. 720 (MED) Ȝif þu wel hiles te under godes wenges.
a1300 Body & Soul 69 (Digby 86, lf. 196 b) Þe þridde dai flod shal flouen þat al þis world shal illen [MS. Harl. 2253 lf. 57 a, hylen: rhymes swyle, myle, while].
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 231 And tauȝte hym and Eue to hylien hem with leues.
c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Pynson) xiv. E v Our defautes and trespasses we hyll and hyde.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. x. 12 Charite hilith alle synnes.
c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 1379 Wype awey þat blyndenesse whiche hath hilled ȝour sight.

Compounds

hilback n. Obsolete the covering of the back, i.e. clothing (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 10 As Intrest or vsery, plaieth the dreuel, so, hilback & filbelly, bieteth as euill.

Derivatives

hilled adj. covered, armed.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [adjective]
hilledc1330
barbed1509
barded1535
bard1581
barred1612
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 224 He sped him þider in haste, with hilled hors of pris.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

hillv.2

Etymology: < hill n.
I. transitive.
1.
a. To form into a hill or heap; to heap up; spec. to throw up (soil) into a mound or ridge for planting purposes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up
heapc1000
ruck?c1225
ruckle?c1225
givelc1300
upheap1469
binga1522
pilec1540
copa1552
bank1577
hill1581
plet1584
conglomerate1596
acervate1623
coacervate1623
tilea1643
aggest1655
coacerve1660
pyramida1666
aggerate1693
big1716
bepilea1726
clamp1742
bulk1822
pang1898
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > throw up ridges
rig?1523
ridge?1530
to trench up1763
upset1764
to lay up1842
hill1884
1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 10 §4 Before..such Corn or Grain shall be shocked, cocked, hilled or copped.
1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln xii. 266 Mr. Lloyd is much against hilling of manure.
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 350 It [lime] is fetched from the chalk hills..and ‘hilled’ for 2 or 3 weeks before used, the heap being covered over with earth.
1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) (at cited word) I put some manure in and hilled the soil atop of it.
1887 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 822/1 The tobacco-land is hilled up, but scarcely half of it as yet planted.
b. figurative. To heap up, amass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate
heapc1000
tassea1400
aggregate?a1425
grossc1440
amass1481
accumulatec1487
accumule1490
exaggerate1533
cumulate1534
compile1578
pook1587
mass1604
hilla1618
congeriate1628
agglomerate1751
pile1827
to roll up1848
a1618 J. Sylvester New-polished Spectacles in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1184 When Hoord on Hoord, when Heap on Heap he hilleth.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxxii. sig. O3v When a man shall exhaust his very vitalitie, for the hilling vp of fatall Gold.
1660 Char. Italy 12 Another trick..that helpeth to hill up his fatal riches.
2. Agriculture. To cover and bank up the roots of (growing plants) with a heap of soil; to earth up. (Also absol.). [This seems to have been originally a use of hill v.1 to cover (cf. heel v.1 2c), which has become associated with hill n. 3b, and so with this verb, the forms being identical.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > earth up
bank1577
hill1577
mould1601
earth1658
heela1722
to set up1801
landa1806
stitch1805
soil1844
earthen1904
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62v Set in grounde well couered with..mould, and afterward hilled, and so suffered to remayne al Winter.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 523 The skill and feat of baring the roots of trees, and also of hilling or banking them about.
1612 J. Smith Map of Virginia 16 When it [corn] is growne midle high, they hill it about like a hop-yard.
1773 Hist. Brit. Dominions N. Amer. vi. iii. 123 The [tobacco] plants are set at three or four feet intervals or distances: they are hilled, and kept continually weeded.
1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 175 The horse hoe..to do the laborious work of the hoe in hilling corn up.
1797 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 89 At Midsummer they hill them [hops].
1861 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 22 ii. 305 Hilling, or earthing-up the plant.
3. To surround with hills.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [verb (transitive)] > surround with
hill1612
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 17 Pleasant valleys hil'd on euery side.
4. To cover with hills or heaps.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [verb (transitive)] > cover with
hill1807
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 279 Shocks, ranged in rows, hill high the burden'd lands.
II. intransitive.
5. To ascend, rise in or on a slope.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > travel in upward direction
to turn upa1375
ascend1382
mount1440
hilla1552
upturn1818
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [verb (intransitive)] > slope upwards
hilla1552
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) VII. 15 The Soyle of the Ground..is on mayne Slaty Roke, and especially the Parte of the Towne hillinge toward the Castell.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 85 Cumming to highe g(round, and somewhat) in sight by hilling I passid a Mile.
6. To assemble on rising ground, as ruffs. See hill n. 3c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > assemble (of ruffs)
hill1770
1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 22 Soon after their arrival in the fens in spring, they [sc. ruffs] begin to hill, i.e. to collect on some dry bank near a flash of water, in expectation of the Reeves, which resort to them.
1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 294 During spring, when the ruffs hill.
1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler (1875) lix. 295 Taking ruffs when not hilled.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2020).
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