home guardn.

Brit.

/ˌhəʊm ˈɡɑːd/, U.S.

/ˌhoʊm ˈɡɑrd/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: home n.¹, guard n.

Etymology: < home n.¹ + guard n.

1. British. A fleet of the British Navy detailed to home defence, esp. in the English Channel; = Home Fleet n. at home n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2.rare after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > specific fleet

armada1588

flote1673

flota1690

Home Fleet1705

home guard1712

Channel Fleet1741

Grand Fleet1914

1712 View Taxes, Funds, & Publick Revenues Eng. p. vi The Annual Payments will be farther diminish'd 285000 l. which leaves in all but 912488 l. per Annum, besides the Civil List, Home Guards and Navy.

1712 W. Howell's Medulla Hist. Angl. (ed. 6) 356 Our Home Guard perform'd the same in the narrow Seas, and the French durst not peep abroad.

1776 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 III. 483 The East Indies, the West Indies, the Mediterranean, Newfoundland, your home guard, many convoys that will soon be applied for..ought to be supplied with as many more [seamen].

1907 19th Cent. & After Mar. 380 In place of the twelve battleships which patrolled the English Channel and the North Sea two years ago, shall obtain a far more powerful Channel fleet of fourteen battleships, a ‘Home guard’, based at the Nore.

a. North American. Fur Trade. An American Indian living in or near a fur trading post who trades with or is employed by the traders. More fully home guard Indian. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1779 Cumberland House Jrnls. (1952) 2nd Ser. 27 Cumberland House..destroyed..by a party of half home-guard Indians.

1791 A. Graham Observ. Hudson's Bay (1969) vii. 191 A remnant [of Cree Indians] remained about the Factories and at present constitute what we call the home-guard Indians; and who are become dependant on the English, and retained by them to procure provisions, and perform any other services.

1829 G. Simpson Part of Disp. (1947) 11 Fort Simpson, is frequented by the Rocky Mountain Indians and part of the Dog Rib Tribe, who are considered the home guards.

1867 I. Cowie Company of Adventurers 194 Lamack was counted among the Saulteaux Indians frequenting the post. On the Hudson Bay he would have been called one of the ‘Homeguards’, for he never went far from it, and was available for odd trips or work which haughtier, or lazier, hunters would not condescend to perform.

1930 H. A. Innis Fur Trade in Canada II. v. 140 Constant reference to the Homeguard Indians in various journals was an indication of the dependence of the Company on the native population.

1999 Encycl. Canada's Peoples 40/1 Many Cree became ‘home guards’ by providing fur traders with food and supplies, especially geese, snowshoes, and canoes.

b. North American colloquial. (a) A person who lives or works continuously in the same place, spec. a resident logger; (b) a hobo or tramp who has settled in one place.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumberman

wood-hewerc1000

wooderc1050

hagger1294

wood-hagger1294

feller1422

woodman1426

faller1614

wood-maker1616

forest-feller1618

axeman1671

holt-felstera1678

stocker1686

bayman1715

logger1734

wood-cutter1758

lumberer1809

lumbermana1817

shantyman1824

chopper1827

splitter1841

bushman1846

mahogany cutter1850

piner1871

bush-faller1882

lumberjack1888

bushwhacker1898

home guard1903

Jack1910

gyppo1912

timber-getter1912

timberjack1916

timber beast1919

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > non-migrant beggar

home guard1923

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > non-migrant

home guard1923

1903 Cincinnati Enquirer 9 May 13 Homeguard, a fellow who has never left his native city.

1919 Camp Worker (Vancouver) 19 Sept. 8/3 Camp poorly organized; too many home guards.

1923 N. Anderson Hobo i. 7 The vagabond who has settled and retired, the ‘home guard’ as they are rather contemptuously referred to by the tribe of younger and more adventurous men who still choose to take the road.

1942 R. E. Swanson Rhymes of Western Logger 35 You talk of your drums! you home-guard bums should have seen the size of her ‘main’!

1955 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 98 They will say about home guards, they'll say, ‘Pay no attention to him..he's just a local character.’

2009 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 15 Nov. d11 The homeguards, the term used to describe the way that a person hired by the logging company would stay with the company for years.

a. U.S. (A name for) a volunteer militia force formed to protect a particular region; spec. one allied to the Confederate or Union armies during the American Civil War (1861–5). Also: a member of such a force. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary or reserve

volunteer1642

redif1836

home guard1850

reservist1854

reserve1897

Saturday night soldier1911

weekend soldier1970

1850 Daily Reg. (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 6 Dec. Mr. Shepard introduced a bill to incorporate the ‘Home Guards’, a volunteer corps of Infantry of the line in the county of Pasquotank.

1861 Richmond (Va.) Examiner 6 Sept. 2/4 The Secessionists..attacked the..Home Guards.

1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age xviii. 170 He was captain of the home-guards in Hawkeye.

1890 W. H. Newlin Hist. 73rd Regiment Illinois Infantry ix. 629 We got a cake of corn-bread at the house of a Confederate home-guard.

1910 J. W. Weik Hist. Putnam County, Indiana xii. 206 Companies sprang up in almost every township and neighborhood. Until mustered into the United States service, they were simply home guards organized..for local defence.

1997 C. Frazier Cold Mountain (2000) 174 In the glaring yellowy light Inman could make out a band of Home Guard.

b. gen. Any armed force (esp. of volunteers) formed to protect a particular region; a member of such a force.In later use influenced by sense 4b.

ΚΠ

1866 A. Somerville Narr. Fenian Invasion Canada xiv. 123 Lt. Col. McGiverin..organized a Home Guard to aid in the defence of that town.

1867 Polit. Examiner (London) 5 Jan. 3/2 We want a Home Guard worthy of the country... We must try if it be possible to combine the fixed term of Militia enlistment..with the free spirit and localism of the Volunteers.

1895 Times 28 Nov. 3/5 The city magistrate..gave permission for Vegetarians to be enrolled in the home guard (for protection) of the towns.

1900 P. Van Ness Myers Rome: Rise & Fall iv. 53 Two [legions], made up of the older citizens, formed a sort of home guard.

1922 Current Hist. June 532/1 The plotters assert that they were merely engaged in forming a home guard for purely defensive purposes.

1970 Daily Tel. 21 Mar. 4/7 Lebanon is to establish a ‘home guard’ to police the border areas with Israel.

2007 T. Butcher Blood River (2008) 226 It's [sc. Ubundu's] local mai-mai home guard had..clashed with Ugandan troops sent to secure Kisangani.

a. British. (A name for) the Territorial Army (see Territorial Army n.). Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > special reserves or Territorial Army

army of reserve1607

reserves1826

Special Reserve1907

Territorial Army1907

home guard1908

T.A.1924

TAVR1967

1908 Times 21 Aug. 10/5 Even this rich country cannot afford to pay its ‘Home Guard’ at a high rate.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 7/3 A movement has been set on foot which has for its object the presentation of colours to the ‘Home Guard’, as we call the Territorials.

1919 F. Hurst Humoresque 245 I know half a dozen who have got in the home guard..and have saved themselves by volunteering from being sent to France.

b. British. Chiefly with capital initials. (The name of) an armed force organized during the Second World War (1939–45) to defend Britain in the event of invasion, being composed of local civilian volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service. Also: a member of this force. Now historical.The Home Guard was operational between 1940 and 1944 and later re-established between 1951 and 1957. Originally called Local Defence Volunteers, the force later acquired the popular nickname ‘Dad's Army’ after a British television comedy series of the same name (see Dad's Army n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > home-defence troops

home defence1623

home guard1940

Dad's Army1970

1940 W. S. Churchill Speech 14 July in Into Battle (1941) 250 Behind the regular Army we have more than a million of the Local Defence Volunteers, or, as they are much better called, the ‘Home Guard’.

1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 45 On May 14 the Home Guard celebrated its first anniversary.

1943 Notes & Queries 10 Apr. 220/1 A company of a Home Guard battalion.

1945 Daily Mirror 15 Aug. 3/1 When an eighteen-year-old Home Guard decided to impersonate his brother and take his place in the Army he ran into trouble right away.

1951 Times 25 Jan. 4/3 The organization proposed for a future Home Guard closely resembled the one used in the last war.

1981 B. Paulu Television & Radio in U.K. xviii. 302 One highly successful series was Dad's Army, a caricature of the Home Guard during World War II.

2008 N. Baker Human Smoke (2009) 323 Hess calmly said he wanted to see the duke of Hamilton. The farmer called the Home Guard.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	home guard
释义	home guardn. Brit. /ˌhəʊm ˈɡɑːd/, U.S. /ˌhoʊm ˈɡɑrd/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: home n.¹, guard n. Etymology: < home n.¹ + guard n. 1. British. A fleet of the British Navy detailed to home defence, esp. in the English Channel; = Home Fleet n. at home n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2.rare after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > specific fleet armada1588 flote1673 flota1690 Home Fleet1705 home guard1712 Channel Fleet1741 Grand Fleet1914 1712 View Taxes, Funds, & Publick Revenues Eng. p. vi The Annual Payments will be farther diminish'd 285000 l. which leaves in all but 912488 l. per Annum, besides the Civil List, Home Guards and Navy. 1712 W. Howell's Medulla Hist. Angl. (ed. 6) 356 Our Home Guard perform'd the same in the narrow Seas, and the French durst not peep abroad. 1776 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 III. 483 The East Indies, the West Indies, the Mediterranean, Newfoundland, your home guard, many convoys that will soon be applied for..ought to be supplied with as many more [seamen]. 1907 19th Cent. & After Mar. 380 In place of the twelve battleships which patrolled the English Channel and the North Sea two years ago, shall obtain a far more powerful Channel fleet of fourteen battleships, a ‘Home guard’, based at the Nore. 2. a. North American. Fur Trade. An American Indian living in or near a fur trading post who trades with or is employed by the traders. More fully home guard Indian. Now historical. ΚΠ 1779 Cumberland House Jrnls. (1952) 2nd Ser. 27 Cumberland House..destroyed..by a party of half home-guard Indians. 1791 A. Graham Observ. Hudson's Bay (1969) vii. 191 A remnant [of Cree Indians] remained about the Factories and at present constitute what we call the home-guard Indians; and who are become dependant on the English, and retained by them to procure provisions, and perform any other services. 1829 G. Simpson Part of Disp. (1947) 11 Fort Simpson, is frequented by the Rocky Mountain Indians and part of the Dog Rib Tribe, who are considered the home guards. 1867 I. Cowie Company of Adventurers 194 Lamack was counted among the Saulteaux Indians frequenting the post. On the Hudson Bay he would have been called one of the ‘Homeguards’, for he never went far from it, and was available for odd trips or work which haughtier, or lazier, hunters would not condescend to perform. 1930 H. A. Innis Fur Trade in Canada II. v. 140 Constant reference to the Homeguard Indians in various journals was an indication of the dependence of the Company on the native population. 1999 Encycl. Canada's Peoples 40/1 Many Cree became ‘home guards’ by providing fur traders with food and supplies, especially geese, snowshoes, and canoes. b. North American colloquial. (a) A person who lives or works continuously in the same place, spec. a resident logger; (b) a hobo or tramp who has settled in one place. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumberman wood-hewerc1000 wooderc1050 hagger1294 wood-hagger1294 feller1422 woodman1426 faller1614 wood-maker1616 forest-feller1618 axeman1671 holt-felstera1678 stocker1686 bayman1715 logger1734 wood-cutter1758 lumberer1809 lumbermana1817 shantyman1824 chopper1827 splitter1841 bushman1846 mahogany cutter1850 piner1871 bush-faller1882 lumberjack1888 bushwhacker1898 home guard1903 Jack1910 gyppo1912 timber-getter1912 timberjack1916 timber beast1919 the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > non-migrant beggar home guard1923 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > non-migrant home guard1923 1903 Cincinnati Enquirer 9 May 13 Homeguard, a fellow who has never left his native city. 1919 Camp Worker (Vancouver) 19 Sept. 8/3 Camp poorly organized; too many home guards. 1923 N. Anderson Hobo i. 7 The vagabond who has settled and retired, the ‘home guard’ as they are rather contemptuously referred to by the tribe of younger and more adventurous men who still choose to take the road. 1942 R. E. Swanson Rhymes of Western Logger 35 You talk of your drums! you home-guard bums should have seen the size of her ‘main’! 1955 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 98 They will say about home guards, they'll say, ‘Pay no attention to him..he's just a local character.’ 2009 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 15 Nov. d11 The homeguards, the term used to describe the way that a person hired by the logging company would stay with the company for years. 3. a. U.S. (A name for) a volunteer militia force formed to protect a particular region; spec. one allied to the Confederate or Union armies during the American Civil War (1861–5). Also: a member of such a force. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary or reserve volunteer1642 redif1836 home guard1850 reservist1854 reserve1897 Saturday night soldier1911 weekend soldier1970 1850 Daily Reg. (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 6 Dec. Mr. Shepard introduced a bill to incorporate the ‘Home Guards’, a volunteer corps of Infantry of the line in the county of Pasquotank. 1861 Richmond (Va.) Examiner 6 Sept. 2/4 The Secessionists..attacked the..Home Guards. 1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age xviii. 170 He was captain of the home-guards in Hawkeye. 1890 W. H. Newlin Hist. 73rd Regiment Illinois Infantry ix. 629 We got a cake of corn-bread at the house of a Confederate home-guard. 1910 J. W. Weik Hist. Putnam County, Indiana xii. 206 Companies sprang up in almost every township and neighborhood. Until mustered into the United States service, they were simply home guards organized..for local defence. 1997 C. Frazier Cold Mountain (2000) 174 In the glaring yellowy light Inman could make out a band of Home Guard. b. gen. Any armed force (esp. of volunteers) formed to protect a particular region; a member of such a force.In later use influenced by sense 4b. ΚΠ 1866 A. Somerville Narr. Fenian Invasion Canada xiv. 123 Lt. Col. McGiverin..organized a Home Guard to aid in the defence of that town. 1867 Polit. Examiner (London) 5 Jan. 3/2 We want a Home Guard worthy of the country... We must try if it be possible to combine the fixed term of Militia enlistment..with the free spirit and localism of the Volunteers. 1895 Times 28 Nov. 3/5 The city magistrate..gave permission for Vegetarians to be enrolled in the home guard (for protection) of the towns. 1900 P. Van Ness Myers Rome: Rise & Fall iv. 53 Two [legions], made up of the older citizens, formed a sort of home guard. 1922 Current Hist. June 532/1 The plotters assert that they were merely engaged in forming a home guard for purely defensive purposes. 1970 Daily Tel. 21 Mar. 4/7 Lebanon is to establish a ‘home guard’ to police the border areas with Israel. 2007 T. Butcher Blood River (2008) 226 It's [sc. Ubundu's] local mai-mai home guard had..clashed with Ugandan troops sent to secure Kisangani. 4. a. British. (A name for) the Territorial Army (see Territorial Army n.). Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > special reserves or Territorial Army army of reserve1607 reserves1826 Special Reserve1907 Territorial Army1907 home guard1908 T.A.1924 TAVR1967 1908 Times 21 Aug. 10/5 Even this rich country cannot afford to pay its ‘Home Guard’ at a high rate. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 7/3 A movement has been set on foot which has for its object the presentation of colours to the ‘Home Guard’, as we call the Territorials. 1919 F. Hurst Humoresque 245 I know half a dozen who have got in the home guard..and have saved themselves by volunteering from being sent to France. b. British. Chiefly with capital initials. (The name of) an armed force organized during the Second World War (1939–45) to defend Britain in the event of invasion, being composed of local civilian volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service. Also: a member of this force. Now historical.The Home Guard was operational between 1940 and 1944 and later re-established between 1951 and 1957. Originally called Local Defence Volunteers, the force later acquired the popular nickname ‘Dad's Army’ after a British television comedy series of the same name (see Dad's Army n.). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > home-defence troops home defence1623 home guard1940 Dad's Army1970 1940 W. S. Churchill Speech 14 July in Into Battle (1941) 250 Behind the regular Army we have more than a million of the Local Defence Volunteers, or, as they are much better called, the ‘Home Guard’. 1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 45 On May 14 the Home Guard celebrated its first anniversary. 1943 Notes & Queries 10 Apr. 220/1 A company of a Home Guard battalion. 1945 Daily Mirror 15 Aug. 3/1 When an eighteen-year-old Home Guard decided to impersonate his brother and take his place in the Army he ran into trouble right away. 1951 Times 25 Jan. 4/3 The organization proposed for a future Home Guard closely resembled the one used in the last war. 1981 B. Paulu Television & Radio in U.K. xviii. 302 One highly successful series was Dad's Army, a caricature of the Home Guard during World War II. 2008 N. Baker Human Smoke (2009) 323 Hess calmly said he wanted to see the duke of Hamilton. The farmer called the Home Guard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1712
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