hogn.¹

Brit.

/hɒɡ/, U.S.

/hɔɡ/,

/hɑɡ/

Forms: Old English– hogg (now chiefly in sense 4a), Middle English–1500s hoge, Middle English–1600s hogge, Middle English– hog, late Middle English hoog, 1500s hoodge, 1500s–1600s hodge, 1800s hoeg (U.S. regional), 1800s– hawg (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 hogge, pre-1700 hoig, pre-1700 houg, pre-1700 1700s hoge, pre-1700 1700s– hog, pre-1700 1700s– hogg, 1800s hogue.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.Compare (probably < English) post-classical Latin hoggus hog, castrated boar (from 12th cent. in British sources), pig in its first or second year (c1270, 1357 in British sources), sheep in its second year (1248, c1450 in British sources). The Latin word thus antedates the English word in sense 4a, and probably implies earlier currency of the English word in this sense. The suggestion that Old English hogg was borrowed < Old Welsh huch pig, swine (Welsh hwch , now only in sense ‘sow’) or its cognate Old Cornish hoch (Middle Cornish hoch ; < the same Indo-European base as sow n.¹) is unlikely on phonological grounds, unless the word showed alteration in form as a result of association with the group of animal names in -cga , -gga listed at dog n.¹ A connection with hag v.¹, possibly as a borrowing from the same early Scandinavian base, has been suggested, on the assumption that the word referred originally specifically to a castrated animal, but this assumption appears far from certain from the recorded senses of the word, and there is also nothing in the context of early use to make a Scandinavian borrowing appear particularly likely. The early uses of this word, and of the majority of the early derivatives, suggest that it originally (as now) referred prototypically to a pig, and that the applications to various types of sheep and to other animals (as indeed to humans) show extended uses. All extended applications to humans allude to behaviour characteristic of a pig (or boar), and not of a sheep. Although it is notable that in post-classical Latin the derivatives hogerellus hoggerel n., hogaster hoggaster n., and hogettus hogget n. are all found as early as the 12th or early 13th centuries with reference to sheep, as is Anglo-Norman hogastre hoggaster n., only in the case of post-classical Latin hogerellus hoggerel n. is the word not also found applied to a pig at a similar date (see those entries). Assuming that these uses denoting sheep are extended uses, they may at least shed some light on precisely which sort of pig the word originally denoted. However, uses denoting both a young animal and an animal in its second year are found, with reference both to pigs and sheep (compare senses 3a, 4, 5, and Compounds 2c), and it therefore remains uncertain which age or condition of animal the word originally denoted. In Old English attested only in one text (see quot. OE at sense 1a) and apparently a strong masculine, although perhaps, like other animal names in -cga , -gga , originally a weak masculine (compare the place-name evidence below and discussion at dog n.¹). Apparently attested early as a byname and surname: Ailmer Hog (1079), Willelmo Hog (1174–80), Rogerus Hog (1198), Galfridus Hog (1250–1), etc.; and also as an element in place names, which provide evidence of both an Old English strong and weak form (respectively hocg and hocga); compare: Hocganclif, Bedfordshire (1014; now Hockliffe), Hochestone, Buckinghamshire (1086; now Hoggeston), Hocsaga, Buckinghamshire (1086; now Hogshaw), Hocgetwisle, Kent, now lost (c1125 in a copy of a charter of 995), Hocgestorp, Lincolnshire (1173–83; now Hogsthorpe), Hocgestun, Somerset, now lost (c1175 in a copy of a charter of c1000), Hocganfleot, Kent, now lost (13th cent. in a copy of a charter of 943), etc., although some of these examples may reflect an Old English personal name Hocg or Hocga, probably derived from the noun.

I. With reference to pigs.

a. A domestic pig reared for slaughter; spec. a castrated male pig. Also more widely: any domestic pig. Cf. pig n.¹ 1a.The early application of the word is unclear. As a general word for a domestic pig, hog is now more frequent in American English than in British English.bacon, pork hog, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun]

swineOE

hogOE

grice?c1225

pig?a1425

pork?a1425

grunterc1440

gussie15..

grunting-cheat1567

snorter1601

sow's-baby1699

grumphie1786

piggy-wig1870

turf-hog1880

troughster1892

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > castrated or hog

barrowc950

hogOE

swine hog1381

barrow-pig1547

stag1784

mudlark1785

OE Farm Accounts, Ely in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 256 Æt Hafucestune xxx ealdra swyna & c hogga butun i; æ[t M]eldeburnan xxiij sugena.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 89 Of hare moder þe erþe, þet berþ and norysseþ azewel þe hogges, ase hy deþ þe kinges.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. l. 183 ‘Suffre hem lyue’, he seyde ‘and lete hem ete with hogges.’

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 99 Whan hyt..wold haue buryed the body, he fonde hit an hogge or a swyne and not a man.

1483 Cath. Angl. 187/1 An Hogge, maialis, est enim porcus carens testiculis.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xviii. lxxxvii. sig. ffv/1 Hogges bothe male & female haue lykynge to ete Akernes for it tempreth theyr flesshe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 231/2 Hogge, porc, porceau.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Hogge called a barrow hogge or galt, maias... Hogge ungelt, verres.

1646 in M. Cash Devon Inventories 16th & 17th Cent. (Devon & Cornwall Record Soc.) (1966) 11 81 For three hodges £20.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 158 A dish of Truffles, which is a certaine earth-nut, found out by an hogg, train'd up to it.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 186 The spay'd Gelts..they esteem the most profitable, because of the great Quantity of Fat that they have upon their Inwards more than the Hogs.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 354 It is remarkable, that in the Milanese all the hogs are black.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 190 Hogs will thrive very fast when fed on it [sc. parsnip], and will leave any other food to attack it.

1877 S. O. Jewett Deephaven 133 I like to see a han'some hog. Chester White, you said? Consider them best, don'y ye?

1906 L. L. Lamborn Mod. Soaps iii. 44 Two grades of neutral lard are made—one from the leaf, the other from the back fat of the hog.

1941 E. B. White One Man's Meat 180 There is considerable doubt at this writing that my hog has been bred, although she has been keeping company.

1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (News Review section) 3/3 The expression on his chubby face..was rather too close to that of a hog anticipating a trough of avocados.

b. The flesh of a pig used as food; pork, bacon. In later use chiefly U.S. (colloquial), esp. in hog and hominy.

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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun]

swine flesheOE

porkc1300

baconc1330

brawn1377

pig1381

pork flesh?a1425

boara1475

gricea1475

hog flesh1528

hog meat1573

grunting-peck1699

hog1744

pigmeat1754

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 126 Others, of a meaner sort, he hath put off, by saying, that ‘he was bred to drink Wine, and eat Hog, and intended to do so still’.

1776 W. Hooper in Lett. James Murray (1901) 239 That I might enjoy in my own Cabin, eat my Hogg & Hominee without anything to make me afraid.

1799 Missionary Voy. S. Pacific Ocean xi. 143 The women are not allowed to eat hog.

1816 Massachusetts Spy 10 Jan. [If a man] can be content with hog and hommany, he can live easier in Ohio.

1845 Graham's Mag. Dec. 280/2 ‘I niver eats only twice of a day’, replied the hunter without a smile, or moving a muscle of his face. ‘And I niver eats hog, nohow’.

1854 T. B. Thorpe Hive of Bee Hunter 81 I can give you plenty to eat; for, besides hog and hominy, you can have bear-ham and bear-sausages.

1908 G. W. Cable Kincaid's Battery xlii. 223 In the last week he had eaten ‘hog and hominy’, and sipped cornmeal coffee, in lofty colloquy with Sidney Johnston and his ‘big generals’.

1992 F. Burroughs River Home iii. 85 ‘Hog and hominey's our food here in the piny woods’, said Mr. Edge, as his wife invited us to the little table.

2. With distinguishing word.

a. Any of various animals unrelated to the pig that are said to resemble it in some way, as the hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus), the aardvark ( Orycteropus afer), and the capybara ( Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris).earth, ground, herring, sea, water-hog, etc.: see the first element. See also hedgehog n.

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 66 Þe þorn-hog þet ys al ywryȝe myd prikyinde eles.

a1450 Fysshynge w. angle (1883) 2 Wen he wenyt hyt be a hare ful often hit ys a heyghoge.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Marsouin, a sea hog.

1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 10 Here likewise we saw many Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, hunting the scholes of Herrings.

1729 Dampier's Voy. III. 400 The River-Hog [of Central America] feeds on Grass and divers Fruits, can swim and dive well.

1788 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) (at cited word) Of this genus are the common hog, the Guinea hog or Porcus Guineensis, the Mexican musk hog or Tajacu, the hydrochæris or Capybara, and the Babyroussa.

1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 125 Only one species is known of this genus..which the Dutch colonists style the Ground Hog.

1896 tr. Boas' Text-bk. Zool. 524 The Sea-hog or Porpoise (Phocæna communis).

1965 Sci. News 17 July 44/3 Known as ant-bear, earth hog and Isambane, the aardvark holds special place in almost all dictionaries.

1993 L. Blomfield in B. Johns Old Dogs Remembered (1999) 97 A female racoon..will share a ground hog hole with the owner.

b. Any of various wild members of the pig family ( Suidae) or the peccary family ( Tyassuidae).Indian, Mexican, musk, red river, wart-hog, etc.: see the first element.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > genus Dicotyles > peccary

pickery1460

hog1644

peccary1667

musk hog1683

1644 W. Castell Short Discov. Coasts & Continent Amer. 43 It [sc. Tobago] is constantly reported by the Dutch..as having good store of Indian Hogs and Armadillos.

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 237/1 Babyrossa, in zoology, the porcus indicus, or indian hog.

1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 72 Hog... Mexican... Tajacu... Mexican musk hog.

1856 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. IV. 964 Aelian's Wart-Hog is a native of the North of Africa.

1860 Chambers's Encycl. (at cited word) The Bush Hog of South Africa..is about two feet six inches high, covered with long bristles.

1879 J. M. Ross Globe Encycl. VI. 159 The Sus scrofa or wild boar, the Sus indicus or Indian hog, and the Sus babirusa or Babyroussa hog, the Peccaries, and Wart hogs are the best known.

1937 J. F. Dobie in J. F. Dobie & M. C. Boatright Straight Texas 23 The name Pecos seems to be a corruption of Puerco (Hog), Spaniards probably having seen some javelinas, ‘Mexican hogs’, on the river.

1947 V. H. Cahalane Mammals N. Amer. 10 The human hunter..can only tell that one or more ‘musk hogs’ have gone by.

1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. viii. 248/1 Pigs occur in the rain-forest and two are present in Africa: the bush pig or red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus ),..and the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni ).

2006 Ireland's Own Feb. 49/2 The wart hog is an African pig which gets its name from the three pairs of large ‘warts’ between the tusks and the eyes!

†a. A male wild boar, Sus scrofa, in its second year. Cf. hoggaster n. 2. Obsolete.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > of specific age or size

sanglier?a1400

hog1486

singular1486

sounder1823

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. eiij The fyrst yere he [sc. the boar] is A pygge..The secunde yere an hogge.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 236 A Bore is the first yeare a Pigge, the second an Hogge, the third a Hogsteare, the fourth a Bore, and the fifth yeare a Singuler, or (as I would thinke more properly spoken) a Sanglier, according to the French worde.

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iii. v. 75 The Wild-Boar is called the first year a Pig of the Sounder, the second a Hog, the third a Hogs-steer, and the fourth a Boar, at which Age, if not before, he leaveth the Sounder.

b. The wild boar, Sus scrofa; (also) an animal of this species, taken as including the domesticated forms. Cf. swine n. 1a.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

hoga1513

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxxix^v The Catte, the Ratte, and Louell our dogge Rulyth all Englande vnder a hogge.

1732 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide for Improvem. of Cattle (ed. 2) 109 The Bantam-Hogs, and the African Hogs from whence those of Hartfordshire are derived.

1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 19 The hog is certainly the most impure and filthy of all quadrupeds.

1807 T. Williamson Oriental Field Sports (1808) I. 34 In grass covers a hog is often started, hunted, and killed, without being seen till he is dead.

1835 W. Swainson On Nat. Hist. Quadrupeds 224 It is generally supposed..that the wild hog, or boar, is the origin of our domestic swine.

1879 J. Le Conte Elements Geol. (new ed.) 508 The Artiodactyls always have their toes in pairs; there may be only two toes, as in Anoplothere and in Ruminants; or four as in the Hog and the Hippopotamus.

1950 W. E. Carroll & J. L. Krider Swine Production vi. 83 The Tamworth is..the oldest of domesticated breeds of hogs.

2005 New Yorker 12 Dec. 77/2 Wild hogs can rip up many acres of newly planted pine seedlings in a night.

II. With reference to sheep or other farm animals.

4. Now chiefly in form hogg. Chiefly British.

a. A young sheep from the time it is weaned until its first shearing; (also) a yearling sheep. Cf. hogget n. 2. Also with distinguishing word.ewe, lamb, pur, shear, tup, wether-hog, etc.: see the first element.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by age

hog1306

ewe-hog1531

tup-hog1591

one shear1614

1306 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 178 Eodem die recepit..centum hoggys.

1310 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 2 (MED) Item de multonibus, ovibus, et hogges ixXX et X.

1350 in W. Greenwell Bp. Hatfield's Surv. (1857) 226 Hogs et Jercs. Et de x hogs et jercs de remanentibus... Et remanent vj hogs et jercs.

1381 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 4 vii Ewen and vii Rames and xlvii hogges.

1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 326 Item, taken a-way vppon Drayton grounde at on tyme by the baylly of Cossey and othere, cc shepe callyd hoggys.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 145 Of xv hogys Fond I bot oone ewe.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 53 Ȝouis and lammis..and mony herueist hog.

1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. C3 The Sheepheard he would..talke of his Rammes and his Weathers, of his Ewes and his Lambs, his hogs and his sheerlings.

1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 38 A Hog, a Sheep of a year old; used also in Northampton and Leicester shires, where they also call it a Hoggrel.

1732 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide (ed. 2) 12 I have seen those of a year old..which we call Hogs, or Hoggets, bring Lambs.

1767 Compl. Grazier xxix. 149 As to the distinguishing characters of sheep; at a year old they are called hogs, hoggets, or hogards.

1859 Puketoi Station Diary (Hocken Libr. MS.) 11 Nov. Finished drafting wethers which were put accross [sic] Wedderburn... Number including hogs about 1540.

1867 Gainsborough News 23 Mar. 200 lambed and in~lamb ewes and gimmers, 200 he hogs, 140 she hogs.

1899 Daily News 21 Apr. 7/4 North hoggs and Yorkshire Wold hoggs are becoming scarce.

1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 1804 An outbreak of pining occurred among ewes and hoggs on the same hill farm.

1963 Times 13 May 16/7 In six lamb crops, starting as a hogg, she has produced and reared 20 lambs.

2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 47/3 I took most of the hoggs to Exeter store market, where 106 mule whether lambs averaged £29.

b. The fleece or wool shorn from such a sheep. Now rare. Cf. hog fleece n., hog wool n. at Compounds 2c.Sometimes perhaps representing a shortening of hog fleece or hog wool.

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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > fleece > [noun] > types of

shearling1481

wool1495

hog wool1653

hog1824

fallen fleece1867

shirling1869

yearlings1888

1824 Derby Mercury 4 Aug. He concluded by offering his wool (three-fifths Hog) at 50s. which was accepted.

1852 Newcastle Courant 16 July 5/2 A few lots of mixed bred wool, rather more hogg than ewe, sold at 28s., and all hogg at 29s. per stone.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 259/2 The fleeces shorn from sheep which have not previously been shorn as lambs, are called hogs or tegs..‘hog’ applies properly to the first shorn fleece of any long-stapled wool.

1884 York Herald 26 Aug. 7/3 The trade in wool remains firm..all hog made from 11s. to 12s. 3d. per stone.

1923 Times 20 June 23/3 Prices averaged about 4d. per lb more than last year. The top value was 21¼d. for Shropshire; Hampshire made 23¼d..long wool hogg. 1s.

†5. Any of various other farm animals of a year old. Obsolete. rare. Cf. hog bull n., hog colt n. at Compounds 2c.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock > of specific age

hog1775

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Hog, a bullock of a year old.

1878 Wilts. Archaeol. Mag. 17 303 The word hog is now applied to any animal of a year old, such as a hog bull, a chilver hog sheep.

III. Applied to a person. Cf. pig n.¹ II.

6. derogatory.

a. A person likened to a pig in being unpleasant, self-indulgent, greedy, dirty, etc.

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the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > animal sensuality > swinish quality or behaviour > swinish person

swinec1175

swine headc1405

hog?c1430

hogshead?1518

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun]

mesela1400

scabbardc1440

slotterbugc1440

drivel1498

sow1508

wallydraigle?a1513

sloven1530

filthy1553

ketterela1572

slabberer1611

slubberdegullion1612

Grobian1621

slabberdegullion1653

slobber-chops1670

slate1718

haverel1720

slobberer1732

slummock1760

fleabag1805

slush1825

slob1876

trashbag1887

crumb1918

garbage can1925

hog1932

crud1940

sordid1959

grot1970

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 243 (MED) He schal be holde a nyggard, an hound, or an hoog, an ypocrite & an heretik.

a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 171 Thus arn they hogges, and drynkyn wele ataunt, Ffare wele, Flemynge.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. Kiv^v Ye haue been so veraie a hog, To my frends.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 225 Thou eluish markt abortiue rooting hog.

a1633 Epigrammes xxxiii. 61 Blush to haue beene so long seduced (if thou be a Protestant) by such a hogg.

1698 T. Dilke Pretenders iii. 28 I think he is a Hog, a meer Hog; who do you think would be troubled with his moroseness?

1727 J. Gay Molly Mog viii Who follows all ladies of pleasure, In pleasure is thought but a hog.

1745 tr. A. R. Le Sage Day's Work Fates 14 A great Hog of an Epicure, has just dream't that he was at Table.

1858 C. B. Seymour Self-made Men 487 The governor was a greedy hog, and had laid up stores of nice things for himself, while his poor companions were starving and rotting around him.

1890 W. Besant Demoniac ii. 20 ‘I am a hog! I am a hog!’ he said..‘I made no resistance; I drank because I was thirsty’.

1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 20 If I ever again have reason to suspect cruelty on this station and can sheet it home to anyone, I shall pound the hog responsible to jelly!

1932 R. Gillmore Ebony Bed Murder 152 The old man was a dirty hog, but he was right where he said he was at the time of the murder in here.

1996 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Dec. w15 I know that the outside world thinks we're greedy hogs. As I see it, this is our chance to do some good for society and give something back.

b. Originally U.S. Chiefly with modifying word: a person who appropriates or monopolizes something in a greedy and selfish manner. Cf. hog v.¹ 7b.Originally and chiefly in road hog n.; see also air hog n. at air n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > inconsiderateness > person

hedgehog1597

hog1888

1888 N.Y. Times 25 Mar. 4/5 ‘Road hogs’—every horseman knows there are such creatures.

1906 Daily Chron. 2 Feb. 7/3 Showing to the astounded heathens (save the word) the latest game of ‘hog-amok’.

1920 O. S. Marden Heading for Victory 184 We are all familiar with public hogs, especially the ‘end seat hog’, who gets on a car, takes his seat on the outside end and compels everyone who boards the car after him to stumble over his feet to get past him to a seat.

1928 Daily Mail 25 July 17/4 So far we have met no ‘canal hogs’.

1942 Topeka (Kansas) Capital 16 May 7/2 The Office of Price Administration made things unpleasant for ‘gas hogs’ tonight.

1998 New Yorker 24 Aug. 28/1 This iron-lunged, chest-pounding, French-Canadian microphone hog is now the most successful recording artist of the past two years.

2006 M. H. Goodwin Hidden Life of Girls iii. 98 The girls were concerned with how fairly boys treated them in sports; they did not like..‘ball hogs’, boys who refused to pass the ball to girls during soccer.

7. (A nickname for) a member of St John's College, Cambridge. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > member of university > [noun] > (former) specific university or college

mountainer?a1425

Cantabrigianc1540

Oxonianc1540

Sorbonist1560

Oxford man1590

Oxfordian1645

Johnian1655

hog1690

Harvardian1702

squil1721

Cantab1751

king's man1751

Wadhamite1760

Princetonian1807

Brunonian1829

merchant tailor1829

Trinitarian1852

houseman1868

polytechnician1871

Mertonian1883

Cheltonian1887

Girtonian1887

Girtonite1894

Newnhamite1896

woman1896

normalien1904

Somervillian1904

Orangeman1908

Tab1914

Ivy Leaguer1943

Oxbridgean1959

plate-glasser1968

Yalie1969

1690 A. de la Pryme Diary (1870) i. 20 For us Jonians are called abusively hoggs.

1740 in Coll. Hist. Pieces xxxviii. 105 in F. Peck Mem. Life & Actions O. Cromwell It is hard to break a hog of an old custom: especially a Jonian hog.

1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 i. 22/1 The Johnian hogs were originally remarkable, on account of the squalid figures and low habits of the students.

1840 Gentleman's Mag. 6 214 The ghosts of the hogs, as the Johnians are generally termed, from a boar being the crest of the college, were more uproarious than the ghosts of Trinity.

1890 C. Whibley In Cap & Gown xxvii Perhaps..Johnians were only called ‘Hogs’ because they were fond of good living.

2001 C. Stray in J. Smith & C. Stray Teaching & Learning in 19th-Cent. Cambr. 37 Shilleton was at Trinity College and his opponent belonged to St John's, whose members were commonly nicknamed ‘hogs’.

†8. Printing slang. = pig n.¹ 6. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printer > [noun]

printer?1492

presser1545

imprinter1552

pressman1578

typographer1643

hog1732

typograph1737

pig1806

hand pressman1842

typographist1851

1732 Grub-St. Jrnl. 30 Oct. The compos'tors are called asses by the press-men, by way of return for their calling them hogs.

IV. Other uses.

†9. A fish (not identified). Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1620 perhaps: a porpoise; cf. sea-hog n. 1. In quot. 1702 perhaps: an anglerfish; cf. frog n.¹ 2.

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the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

1620 R. Whitbourne Disc. & Discov. New-found-land 11 The Seas likewise all along the Coast, doe plentifully abound in other sorts of fish, as Whales..Herring, Hogs, Porposes, Seales, and such like royall fish.

1702 W. Dampier et al. Coll. Voy. (1729) III. 413 The Horned-Hog. A small flat Fish, with a Horn on his Head, notcht on one Side only.

10. Nautical. A sort of broom or scrubbing-brush for cleaning the bottom of a ship. Now rare (chiefly historical). Cf. hog v.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > scouring, scrubbing, or rubbing > [noun] > implement for scouring or scrubbing > brush

rubbing brush1530

hog1669

scrub-broom1675

scrubbing-brush1681

wire brush1686

scrub1687

scrubber1911

toilet brush1917

bog brush1982

1669 T. Allin Jrnl. 23 Aug. (1940) (modernized text) II. 108 I sent away the ketch to take in spart to make hogs.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Goret, a hog, or large brush to scrub the ship's bottom under water.

1823 Encycl. Britannica X. 554/1 They fit to this broom a long staff with two ropes; one of which is used to thrust the hog under the ship's bottom, and the other to guide and pull it up again close to the planks.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hog, a kind of rough, flat scrubbing broom, serving to scrape a ship's bottom under water.

2000 R. Mayne Lang. Sailing 146 Hog, a large brush of birch twigs between two planks, for scrubbing a ship's bottom.

2004 C. H. Gilliland Voy. to Thousand Cares 157 ‘Hogging’ involved cleaning the ship's bottom by looping a line under the bottom form one side to the other, with a clumped-up piece of old canvas (the ‘hog’) attached.

11.

a. slang (British, New Zealand, and Irish English). A shilling. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > shilling

s.1387

solidus?a1475

shilling1533

teston1543

twelvepence1563

bord1567

twelvepenny piece1594

sh.1607

hog1673

twelver1699

she-lion1744

grunter1785

twalpenny worth1786

bob1789

pega1790

tower shilling1800

little shilling1826

deaner1839

rogue and villain1857

stag1857

hole1934

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 55 Shilling, Bord or Hog.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Fence Fence his Hog, to Spend his Shilling.

1725 New Canting Dict. Half a Hog, Six-Pence.

1799 W. Cobbett Detection Conspiracy by United Irishmen 5 The cant of the pick-pockets, according to which a hog means a shilling, a pig, sixpence, and so on.

1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui iii, in Tales Fashionable Life I. 69 ‘A hog to drink my health?’ ‘Ay, that is a thirteen, plase your honour; all as one as an English shilling.’

1830 W. Clarke 3 Courses & Dessert 414 What's half-a-crown and a shilling? A bull and a hog.

1908 N.Z. Truth 28 Nov. 7 Aschoo, or Asher..was charged with ‘mischief’—smashing a window and doing damage to the extent of eight ‘hog’.

1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 These..are some of the cant words now used in London... A hog—a shilling. A sprowsie—sixpence.

1966 B. Naughton Alfie vii. 47 I'm handing over a fiver and three single pound notes, and all I get is thirteen hog change.

1992 Lawyers Weekly (Nexis) 10 July ‘Tip me a hog’ meant ‘Give me a shilling’.

†b. U.S. slang. A ten-cent piece. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > North American coins > U.S.

quarter dollar1615

bit1683

quarter1776

cent1782

dollar1785

dime1786

eagle1786

half-dollar1786

half-eagle1786

sharpshin1804

picayune1805

caser1825

pic1839

double eagle1849

slug1851

hog1859

pine tree money1859

martin bita1884

meter1940

1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 42 Hogg, a ten-cent piece.

12. Curling.

a. = hog line n. Now rare. [Origin uncertain. Compare quot. 1808 at sense 12b; if that explanation is correct, sense 12b was probably the earlier. Compare also hog line n., hog score n.]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > area of ice > distance line

hoga1772

hog score1787

score1862

hog line1891

a1772 J. Graeme Curling in Poems (1773) 39 His opponent is glad, Yet fears a sim'lar fate, while ev'ry mouth Cries, Off the hog.

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 274 Sweeping is not allowed until the stone comes over the hogg, unless by the person who played it.

1853 W. Watson Poems 63 Stan' back at the hog wi' a besom.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 258 It [sc. a stone] must be over the Hog, but must not touch the Stone to be guarded.

1904 J. Kerr Curling in Canada & U.S. xii. 531 Their push was not sufficient to carry the stones over the hog.

1968 Winnipeg Free Press 6 Mar. 54/1 All he needed..was to place a stone on the centre line anywhere over the hog.

b. A stone which fails to cross the hog line and hence is not considered to be in play.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > stone as played

hog1808

forehand stone1825

ringer1825

guard1830

pot-lid1853

rider1891

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hog, in the diversion of curling, the name given to a stone which does not go over the distance score... It seems to be denominated from its laziness, and hence the distance-line is called the hog-score.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (1859) 512 Every stone to be considered a hog which does not clear a square placed upon the score.

1954 Amer. Speech 29 144 The best he could do was to associate it with the Scottish game of curling, in which the stone used is sometimes referred to as a ‘hog’.

1976 Alyn & Deeside Observer 10 Dec. 5/2 A stone not clearing the ‘hog-score’, a line seven yards from the tee, is called a ‘hog’ and removed from the rink.

2001 B. Weeks Curling for Dummies viii. 92 Every stone to be deemed a hog, the sole of which, when at rest, does not completely clear the length.

†13. Papermaking. A revolving paddle which stirs the paper pulp in the vat to prevent it settling. Also called agitator. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > stirrer

hog1807

1807 Cobb Specif. Patent 3084 2 Agitators or hogs..are placed in the said vats to keep the pulp duly suspended.

1834 A. Ure Dict. Arts II. 933 Fig. 788. is an upright longitudinal section, representing the machine in its most complete state... G is the hog, or agitator in the vat.

†14. In hop-drying: a metal plate suspended above the fire in order to spread the heat more evenly. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > utensils for hop-drying

oastcloth1388

oast-hair1562

beguel1737

hog1848

scuppet1892

1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 570 It is a very good precaution..to have horses or hogs (as these plates, resting upon open brickwork, are called) over the fires, when there are three to the same space.

15. Originally and chiefly U.S. slang. Any of various means of transport.

a. U.S. Railways slang. A railway locomotive, esp. a particularly powerful one used for hauling freight. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > used for heavy (freight) trains

Mogul1877

decapod1888

hog1888

Shay1894

1888 Walla Walla (Washington) Union 24 Nov. 3/4 The ‘hog’ will haul nine loaded cars up the heavy Alto grade, while the ordinary road engine had a hard tussel to haul four or five.

1903 Sci. Amer. 23 May 392/2 In anthracite drifts steam locomotives of a small and peculiar type known as ‘hogs’ haul the trains.

1960 Listener 18 Aug. 250/2 A steam locomotive is a ‘hog’ or ‘pig’.

1973 Urban Life & Culture 1 374 ‘Hog’ now generally refers to any locomotive.

2003 J. Pryke Steam Locomotive Projects & Ideas 65/3 I left the weathering quite prominent to make my engine look like a well-used freight hog during the transition period.

b. U.S. slang (in African-American usage). A large, luxurious car; esp. a Cadillac.Common in the 1960s and 1970s.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > large, old-fashioned

boat1910

hog1960

1960 C. Cooper Scene xxiv. 256 Yeah, I got a Hog..a Cadillac.

1971 Black Scholar Jan. 41/1 He bought him a ‘Hog’ with all the accessories on it. Man, this Cadillac had air horns, white-walls, [etc.].

1974 V. E. Smith Jones Men xii. 115 That's all they got to do, ride round in the Hogs and talk shit.

2007 T. Boyd Guide to Super Fly '70s 33 [He] stands in front of his prize hog, better known as a tricked-out Cadillac Eldorado.

c. U.S. Military slang. Frequently with capital initial. Any of various models of aircraft.

ΚΠ

1961 L. G. Richards TAC ix. 149 The Hog's cruising speed [was] 450 knots.

1969 H. Searls Hero Ship 149 I got ten thousand hours..in them things. Fighters,..hogs, flying boats—everything but balloons.

1988 Naval Hist. (Electronic ed.) 2 The ‘Hog’ was armed with four rocket pods, each containing 19 white phosphorus rockets.

2003 Air & Space Power Jrnl. 17 27 Such systems are widely fielded—but not on the A-10. The Hog's dual-rail adapter..could accommodate such a system.

d. slang (originally U.S.) A large, powerful motorcycle; spec. a Harley-Davidson.A proprietary name in the United Kingdom.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motorcycle > [noun] > powerful

hog1965

superbike1968

1965 Sat. Evening Post 20 Nov. 35/2 (caption) A motorcycle is a ‘hog’... The Harley-Davidson 74 is the favorite.

1967 W. Murray Sweet Ride vii. 112 The heat was on so bad we couldn't ride our bikes... Get on our hogs and them mothers'd pick us up.

1971 P. L. Cave Chopper v. 45 Pulling away, he swung the hog round in a wide U-turn and went after Ethel.

1979 D. Gram Foxes xiv. 107 Ten or eleven hogs—Harleys and big Hondas—flashed along in single, double and triple file.

1992 Premiere Apr. 34/1 My hog is the most beautiful police bike on Earth, and the fifth or fifteenth fastest basically stock Harley in L.A.

2008 Evening Times (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 May 42 Press test bikes don't get the care dedicated Harley owners usually give their hogs.

16. In a timber-processing plant: a machine with rotary cutters that is used to convert waste wood into chips, esp. for fuel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > other equipment

bunk1770

headworks1823

rutter1897

hog1898

choker1905

spud1914

stumping powder1921

1898 Lumber Trade Jrnl. 1 Jan. 31 (advt.) The big slab grinding hog for grinding up slabs, edgings and mill refuse into fuel.

1969 Timber Trades Jrnl. 29 Nov. 57/3 Waste blocks..are often chuted..on to a conveyor which automatically takes them to a refuse hog.

1993 Canad. Forest Industries Mar. 3/11 With a hog..the heart of the machine is a rotor, which is anywhere from a third to half the total weight of the machine.

17. Shipbuilding. Short for hog piece n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > connecting timber

binding1626

bind1803

hog piece1844

deck-hook1850

hog1948

1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 341/1 Hog, see hog piece.

1977 Mariner's Mirror 73 44 He looked upon a hog as a way of eking out timber to make a rabbeted keel.

1989 P. Goodwin Bomb Vessel Granado (2005) 12/1 The hog..was laid longitudinally along the top of the keel; its upper surface was scored to receive the floor timbers of the frames.

1994 Weekend Times 13 Aug. 10/6 The hog, the backbone of the boat, to which the keel is attached, was found to be split.

Phrases

Phrases and proverbs.

P1. to cast pearls before hogs (and variants) : to offer or give a good or valuable thing to a person who is incapable of appreciating it. See to cast pearls before swine at pearl n.¹ 2c. [In allusion to Matthew 7:6.]

ΚΠ

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. l. 10 Noli mittere, Margeri perles Among hogges þat han hawes at heore wille.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hii^v Cast nat your perles before hogges.

1673 J. Milton Sonnets xii, in Poems (new ed.) 56 But this is got by casting Pearl to Hoggs.

1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 63 Give not Pearls to the Hogs.

1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. 118 I begun to think that Scripter was about right when they tell us not to fling pearls to the hogs.

1994 tr. D. Mitra in K. M. George Mod. Indian Lit. 50 To speak to me is like throwing pearls at a hog's feet.

P2. to bring one's hogs to a fair market (and variants): see market n. 1d.

P3. †to lose a hog for a halfpennyworth of tar (and variants). Obsolete. [Apparently showing sense 4, with allusion to the practice of smearing sheep with tar in the winter to help destroy parasites in the wool.]

ΚΠ

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer vii. 239 We are so greedy, that we will not spare,To save the hogge, one farthing worth of tarre.

1673 J. Phillips Maronides vi. 22 And judge you now what fooles those are, Will lose a Hog for a ha'p'orth o' tar.

1705 J. Spruel in J. Smith Mem. Wool (1747) II. 66 So as the Proverb is verified, many a Time, we lose the Hog for the Halfpenny.

?1735 ‘R. Nab’ Addr. Batchelors Great Brit. 62 I think..that Man deserves Confinement, who loses an Hog for an hap'worth of Tar.

1826 A. Henderson Pract. Grazier iii. 186 I am persuaded that one trial, if a severe winter, will be a satisfactory proof of its [sc. the practice of smearing sheep with tar to kill vermin] utility, and that in future they will not lose the hog for the halfpenny worth of tar.]

P4. colloquial (originally North American) to go the whole hog: to do something completely, thoroughly, or fully. [Origin uncertain. Perhaps arising from the following verses, which relate a supposed dispute among Muslims about which specific part of a pig dietary restrictions applied to:

1782 W. Cowper Poems I. 320 But for one piece they thought it hard From the whole hog to be debarr'd; And set their wit at work to find What joint the prophet had in mind.

1782 W. Cowper Poems I. 321 Thus, conscience freed from ev'ry clog, Mahometans eat up the hog.

Many other explanations have been suggested, e.g.:1852 Househ. Words 31 July 474/1 When a Virginian butcher kills a pig, he is said to ask his customers whether they will ‘go the whole hog’, as, in such case, he sells at a lower price than if they pick out the prime joints only.A connection with sense 11a has also been suggested.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > act in thoroughgoing manner

to go the whole hog1825

to go the whole figure1831

to go the whole (also entire, etc.) animal1833

to go for the doctor1907

1825 Louisville (Kentucky) Public Advertiser 28 May 2/4 A warm partisan..who was every way capable, in their own language, to ‘go the whole hog round’.

1826 J. Kerr Rip Van Winkle i. iii. 25 Terrapin! Ah! Dame, I leaves you to go the whole hog.

1839 Times 11 Apr. 4/1 If so, let him ‘go the whole hog’ in candour.

1876 W. H. G. Kingston Hist. Brit. Navy 533 Russia has gone the whole hog, and has now produced two circular monitors.

1929 S. Anderson in Mercury Story Book 234 I went the whole hog.

1973 Times 28 Mar. 4/4 He does not go the whole hog with his father in his belief in the arcane and ancient mysteries of [bacon-]smoking.

2006 Daily Tel. 21 Apr. 28/5 Where Numan has often dabbled in eyeliner-caked industrial rock of the Marilyn Manson variety, Jagged goes the whole hog and embraces goth..in all its cod-Wagnerian pomp.

P5. Originally and chiefly North American. what can you expect of a hog but a grunt (and variants).

ΚΠ

1842 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 13 Jan. The above is in the Advertisers' handsomest style. It seems easy and natural—‘for,’ (as the saying is..) ‘what more can you expect of a hog than a grunt’.

1882 Handbk. Prov. 166 What can you expect of a hog but his bristles?

1922 E. Van Dyne Mary Louise & Josie O'Gorman vii. 83 ‘Well,’ she added philosophically: ‘What kin you expect from a hog but a grunt?’

2002 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Nov. 19 As for the rest of the Liberals: ‘What can you expect from a hog—except it will grunt’.

P6.

hog on ice n. chiefly U.S. colloquial (the type of) an awkward, uncontrolled, or insecure person or thing; chiefly in similes; esp. as independent as a hog on ice (humorous and frequently ironic): determinedly or stubbornly independent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > obstinate or stubborn person

obstinate1435

mumpsimus1530

obstinant1581

ram-head1605

sitfast1606

stiff-stander1642

obduratea1665

ironface1697

sturdy1704

stiffrump1709

sturdy-boots1762

stickfast1827

impracticable1829

mule1846

bullet-head1848

hardshell1849

die-hard1857

hog on ice1857

last-ditcher1862

thick-and-thinnite1898

jusqu'auboutiste1916

stiff-neck1921

dead-ender1956

toughie1960

1857 San Francisco Call 19 Apr. 2/3 He don't appear to care nothing for nobody—he's ‘as independent as a hog on ice!’

1894 14th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 124 How would a Hackney look going around the track after old Highland Gray? ‘Like a hog on ice.’

1948 Time 9 Aug. 18/2 They like to think of themselves as independents—independent as a hog on ice.

1950 C. L. Sonnichsen Cowboys & Cattle Kings (1951) xvi. 183 These steady rains on well-traveled roads loosen things up. Wash-boards develop and deepen, slick patches of black soil appear, and a 1941 Packard behaves like an elderly hog on ice.

1987 Inc. (Nexis) Feb. 108 I've also seen loan officers appear before the loan committee like a hog on ice: they didn't know much about the borrower's financial condition;..and they weren't sure how the loan would be repaid.

2005 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 1 July b6 The government made as many missteps as a hog on ice.

P7. U.S. slang. on the hog (in early use also on the hog train): living and travelling as a tramp or vagrant; (hence) destitute, impoverished. Cf. hog train n. at Compounds 2a.

ΚΠ

1893 Railroad Trainmen's Jrnl. Aug. 685/1 Take something to kill that train fever or we all be on the hog train in another year or two.

1894 C. B. Lawlor & J. W. Blake Sidewalks of N.Y. (sheet music) 3 Others they are on the hog, But they all feel just like me.

1901 ‘J. Flynt’ World of Graft iii. 103 There's only one of my old gang that's got any money to-day, an' he's the fellow in London. The rest are all dead or on the hog.

1921 San Francisco Chron. 10 Dec. 22/6 His former subjects turned him down, and he is on the hog train now.

1965 J. M. Brewer Worser Days 59 He up dere in New York City on de ‘hog’.

2002 E. J. Cotton Hobo viii. 110 If they're on the hog, it's usually because they got themselves there and the only way they know to get out is to lie, cheat, steal, and fight.

P8. Originally and chiefly U.S. to live (also eat) high off (also (up) on) the hog: to live in an extravagant or luxurious style. Hence: to live (also eat) low off (also on) the hog (and variants).

ΚΠ

1919 Kansas City (Missouri) Times 28 Nov. 13/1 ‘Dese days I'se eatin' furder up on de hog!’ ‘We're all eating too high up on the hog,’ Mr. Clyne concluded.

1940 Chicago Defender 26 Oct. 10/5 On the other hand, you'll see other Negroes living ‘high on the hog’, sporting new expensive automobiles, sporty clothing and all that sort of thing.

1946 San Francisco Call-Bull. 27 May Edit. page I have to do my shopping in the black market because we can't eat as high off the hog as Roosevelt and Ickes and Joe Davis and all those millionaire friends of the common man.

1952 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 8 Feb. 6/1 Snarls are being heard that some branches of our military establishment, are nibbling too high up on the hog.

1956 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 17 Feb. (Editorial page) A half starved republican eating low on the hog.

1967 K. Giles Death in Diamonds iii. 47 I hope these Uppings eat high on the hog.

1970 Times 4 June 10/5 Compared to a Congressman, an M.P. lives lower on the hog, campaigns more quietly and takes fewer lavish junkets.

2008 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 1 Oct. a20 As the economy contracts, we Americans are likely to find that we have been living too high on the hog.

P9. In various other proverbs and proverbial phrases.

ΚΠ

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiv Euery man basteth the fat hog we see, But the leane shall burne er he basted be.

1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 10 As one said at the shearing of hogs, great cry & litle wool, much adoe, & smal help.

1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1627) 270 Where~fore the common saying is, the hog is neuer good but when he is in the dish.

1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 13/2 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A great cry and little wool, quoth the Devil when he sheard the hogg.

1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 13 Better my hog dirty home then no hog at all.

1678 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. (ed. 2) 252 To make a hog or a dog of a thing.

1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 55 He truly setting the Tail on another Hog, affrighted the good King off the Bench.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xli. 44 I should have remembred the old saying, Every hog his own apple.

1868 Daily Evening Bull (San Francisco) 19 Dec. A woman in Raymond N. H., cut off her hog's tail, causing its death from bleeding, because of the proverb, ‘it takes a bushel of corn to fatten a hog's tail’.

1980 Listener 14 Aug. 210/1 Before you wrestle with a hog, remember that even if you win you get up dirty.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

hog farm n.

ΚΠ

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iii. 98 There are abundance of Crawls or Hog-farms.

1840 E. Howard Jack Ashore I. ii. 20 The noise at first was of that slopping, whistling, grunting description, which comes so rurally and romantically upon the ear from a hog-farm at feeding-time.

1998 N.Y. Times 7 May a14/4 Perhaps the most contentious issue in Nebraska's general election this year is the increasing number of large hog farms, where the swine are crowded in enclosed quarters.

hog hunt n.

ΚΠ

1822 R. G. Wallace 15 Years in India xx. 382 Wolves are plentiful, and wild hogs in such abundance, that the gentlemen of the spear had a successful hog hunt every march.

1877 Newcastle Courant 7 Sept. 7/3 He again ascended the Essequebo and Rupununi, and explored two of the branches of the latter river and the surrounding country, where they had several exciting hog hunts.

1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 11 Nov. 1 The hog hunts probably will have to become annual events to provide some control of the pig population.

hog market n.

ΚΠ

a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) sig. F3^v Leave them to the mercy of the hog market.

1759 J. Barrow New Geogr. Dict. I. at Barnet It lies high, and was formerly much frequented for its medicinal waters; but now for its hog-market.

1819 Times 16 Sept. 4/4 The George publichouse, in the centre of the Hog-market, Finchley.

1999 Fresno (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 12 Jan. b4 What's happening in the hog market these days offers plenty for all participants in this important food chain to chew on.

hog merchant n.

ΚΠ

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclx. 331 Ay, but says the Hog-Merchant, with Damned Oaths and Imprecations, My Hog is Stoll'n in Good Earnest.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. vi. 212 One wou'd have thought, that..I had been the greatest Hog-Merchant in England.

1868 Putnam's Mag. Feb. 138/1 A hog-merchant, when he sells enough pork, can put his foot on the neck of a gentleman.

1995 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. x5 A Spanish importer of cured ham and salted codfish, who boasts of his descent from Francisco Pizarro, the humble hog merchant who conquered the Incas.

hog spear n.

ΚΠ

1800 Periodical Acct. Baptist Missionary Soc. v. 413 A hog-spear as the English call it, but used to spear any wild beast.

1970 MLN 85 329 Hog spear, horn, hat, and boots reveal him to be a huntsman.

2005 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 4 Feb. 18 When the British came to India, they were happy to carry on the Mughal sporting tradition with tiger hunts and pig-sticking (hunting wild pigs on horseback with a hog spear).

hog-yard n.

ΚΠ

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xx. 117 The most neatest Husbands, indeed plant their Trough without their Pale or Hogyard.

1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxiii. 147 Some Hog-yards will yeeld you forty, fifty, some sixty, some eighty Load, and some more of Excellent Manure of ten or twelve Swine.

1779 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 336 All the dung and offal of my family, of the hog-yard, the poultry-yard, and the dog-kennel.

1840 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. (ed. 2) 48 Peat earth may be also extensively and profitably used for uplands, after it has lain for a season in the cattle or hog-yard.

1996 Independent 16 Aug. i. 13/6 In the 1770s the enterprising laird of Cromarty, in the north of Scotland, had a ‘hog-yard’ built which was thought to be the only one of its kind in the country.

b. Objective, as hog butcher, hog-driver, hog farmer, hog farming, hog-feeder, hog-feeding, hog-hunter, hog-hunting, hog raising, †hog-serving, etc.

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1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Hogge feader, porculator.

1661 K. W. Confused Characters 125 She to hog serving, to Hacklingt, to spinning.

1699 T. Brown tr. Erasmus Seven New Colloquies iv. 27 Let me dye if I wou'd not sooner marry my Daughter to..a Hog-driver.

1708 A. van Leeuwenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 114 I also caused a Hog-Butcher to bring me divers Tongues of Hogs.

1772 Let. 15 Mar. in Brit. Mag. 1 201/2 Whether John's father was a distiller, or a hog feeder, or any other such paltry business.

1790 M. Hunter Jrnl. (1894) 79 At Wallajabad we had the finest hog-hunting that ever was.

1801 Sporting Mag. 17 218/1 Hog-hunters coming by surprize [sic] on a tigress and her cubs.

1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 11 Call in the Jews, Solomon the court porkman, Moses the sow-gelder, and Zephaniah The hog-butcher.

1857 Cincinnati (Ohio) Gaz. in Amer. Vet. Jrnl. 2 42 These were lively, healthy hogs, not still fed. A panic prevails among the hog-feeders of the above district, and they are selling off as fast as they can.

1872 R. G. McClellan Golden State xxvi. 393 The hog farmer buys every thing, even bacon and lard.

1918 Polit. Sci. Q. 33 219 It is..chiefly because of the large amount of corn which we devote to hog-feeding that the United States maintains over 60 swine per hundred of population.

1941 Winnipeg Free Press 30 Jan. 17/3 Proceeds of the hog farming go to provide comforts for the troops.

1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem ii. 18 His two ace detectives..had always looked like two hog farmers on a weekend in the Big Town.

1997 Virginian-Pilot (Nexis) 25 May 18 Carl Sandburg's ‘Chicago’..celebrates the lusty vitality of a working-class town known for its painted women, gangsters and hog butchers.

2008 Manila Standard (Nexis) 15 Jan. The Nong Bua farming company in southern Bangkok..is primarily engaged in hog raising.

c. Parasynthetic, as hog-buttocked, hog-faced, hog-necked, etc. Cf. hog-backed adj.

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1640 (title) A certaine Relation of the Hog-faced Gentlewoman called Mistris Tannakin Skinker.

1692 London Gaz. No. 2730/4 A thin Horse, Hog Buttock'd.

1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xl. 212 Horses are divided into..the swan-necked, the stag-necked and the hog-necked.

1843 R. H. Horne Orion i. iii. 32 A brutish clod, half built, Hog-faced and hog-backed with his daily toil.

1846 W. M. Thackeray Notes Journey Cornhill to Cairo xii. 109 He rode a hog-necked grey Arab, bristling over with harness, and jumped, and whirled, and reared, and halted, to the admiration of all.

1907 Washington Post 27 Sept. 6/6 The hog-faced snails..crawl over their beds and tables and scour every corner of the house making the dwellers miserable.

a1938 T. Wolfe Web & Rock (1939) vii. xlviii. 677 That brutal scorner with contemptuous tongue, that hog-necked contemner with the butcher's thumb—was wrong!

2000 Booklist (Nexis) 1 June 1825 One story has it that a hog-faced infant was born that way because her wealthy mother, when pregnant, unkindly refused alms to a beggar who then shrieked out a curse.

C2.

a. Chiefly in branch I.

hog age n. U.S. (now rare) adolescence.

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the world > people > person > young person > [noun] > adolescent > adolescence or puberty

pubertyc1384

adolescence?a1425

adolescency?a1475

in one's teens1596

pubes1637

pubescency1658

pubescence1822

teenhood1845

hog age1848

the awkward age1895

prepubescence1908

prepuberty1922

teenagery1950

teenagedness1952

jean-age1959

1848 J. Mitchell in Amer. Speech (1935) 10 40 Hog age, between Boyhood & Manhood.

1882 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 24 Aug. Little men get cured of those elevated notions, as little boys get cured of the hog age.

1916 W. S. Hinchman Amer. School vii. 127 A great many girls of fourteen or fifteen are just at a period of intense, almost morbid, moral development, whereas boys at that time of life are commonly in what is known as the ‘hog age’.

1952 J. M. Springer I Love Trail iii. 29 A strong affection naturally had existed between Helen and her mother from her childhood on. This had increased during her teens, even though that was the daughter's ‘hog age’, as her mother termed it.

† hog-babe n. Obsolete rare a piglet.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > young

farrowa700

grice?c1225

piga1250

hogling1377

porketa1555

porkling1561

porkin1570

swine shoat1581

hog-babe1610

hoglet1611

pigling1612

piggy1625

gruntling1686

porkrel1694

piggy-wiggy1766

griceling1782

boneen1827

slip1832

piglet1839

slip-pig1844

squeaker1861

piggy-wig1870

snork1891

snorker1891

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iv. xi. 170 Lette him bee..Potina and suckle the hog-babes.

hog call n. North American a loud, shrill call of a type traditionally used to attract domestic hogs.

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1832 Liberator (Boston) 28 Jan. 14/1 A corn song, or a hog call, has often been a subject of nervous terror.

1886 San Antonio (Texas) Daily Express 14 Aug. 1/4 Handkerchiefs waved, and cries of ‘Wohee’, in imitation of a farmer's hog call filled the building.

1959 W. S. Burroughs Naked Lunch 80 A.J., surrounded and fighting against overwhelming odds, throws back his head and makes with the hog-call.

2004 State Jrnl.-Reg. (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 16 Aug. 19 [He] won the competition after his hog call brought out his daughter, dressed like a hog, and later, a string of plastic hogs.

hog caller n. North American a person who makes hog calls.

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1889 Atlanta Constit. 6 Jan. 2/5 We will never hear the ‘pig-g-o-o, pig-g-o-o, pig-g-o-o,’ of the hog callers.

1962 L. P. Hudson Bones of Plenty i. 101 Listening to the hog-callers. ‘Sooo—eeee! Sooo—eeee! Hog! Hog! Hog!’

1998 Field & Stream Nov. 17/1 He screamed so loud I thought he was a hog caller.

2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 17 Aug. g3 Suzie..has the timbre of a hog-caller from Arkansas.

hog calling n. North American the art or practice of making hog calls, often as part of a competition.

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1875 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 12 Dec. 12/1 Folks don't undustan' de science of hog-callin'. Dey saye, ‘P-o-o-o-o-o-o-r'og’, when de hogs ain't po' at all.

1935 P. G. Wodehouse Blandings Castle iii. 75 Fred Patzel, the hog-calling champion of the Western States. What a man! I've known him to bring back pork chops leaping from their plates.

2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Sept. r9 Contestants demonstrate their prowess at activities such as hog calling, cow milking and log sawing.

hog cistern n. now rare a trough or container for hogs to feed from.

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1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 348 Hog-cisterns, in this country, are principally built with bricks and terrace.

1854 Cottage Gardener 10 Nov. 108/2 Grains; these should be conveyed to the hog cistern, or become otherwise disposed of.

1927 M. E. Seebohm Evol. of Eng. Farm xi. 296 In East Anglia the farm-yards had hog cisterns, handy to the kitchen, dairy, and hoghouse.

hog constable n. now rare and historical = hog reeve n.

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1710 Minutes 6 Mar. in C. Brooks Hist. Town Medford (1855) iii. 103 At a town-meeting legally convened at Medford..Lieut. Stephen Willis chosen Moderator; Peter Seccombe chosen Constable..Ichabod Peirce and John Albree, Wood-corders; Nath. Peirce, Hog constable.

1883 J. A. Dix Mem. I. I. 17 I had heard its bare walls ring with tumultuous laughter, when some man, who had been prosperous in money-making and assumed airs, was elected hog-constable by acclamation.

2007 Bow (Bow Heritage Commission) ii. 38 At the second town meeting on April 4, 1768, Bow residents voted Reuben Currier of Bow Mills and Samuel Alexander of River Road as hog constables.

hog fat n. (also hog's fat) the fat or lard of a hog; cf. hog's grease n. at Compounds 2b.

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1660 J. Harding tr. B. Valentine Triumphant Chariot Antimony 12 'Tis no Art or Skill to cure a green wound, which even the Countryman with a peece of salted Hogs fat easily doth.

1743 J. Brindley tr. Duke of Newcastle Gen. Syst. Horsemanship II. xxxiii. 38 Take green Cole-wort Leaves and Hog's Fat, the same Weight of one as the other.

1864 Times 30 Nov. 11/5 In the passage, swung on hooks, I found a piece of hog fat.

1995 Classical Jrnl. 91 147 The country mouse..offers his visiting country kin simple offerings of chickpeas, oats, dried berries, and hog fat.

hog feast n. now chiefly North American a feast or celebration held following the slaughter of a hog; (in later use) esp. an event or celebration at which a hog is roasted and eaten (cf. hog roast n., pig feast n. at pig n.¹ Compounds 2a).

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1865 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 7 295 The Huntingdonshire hog-feast is the domestic rejoicing that follows upon that important event in a cottager's family—the killing of a pig.

1914 Woodland (Calif.) Daily Democrat 23 Sept. 1/3 Manuel George, at whose home the hog feast is said to have been held, will answer to a charge of receiving stolen property.

1992 Associated Press (Nexis) 30 June A variety of fund-raising endeavors, ranging from mule races and hog feasts to autograph sessions and fashion shows.

hog flesh n. (also hog's flesh) pig meat; pork. [The earlier surname Hoggesfles, Hoggesflech (14th cent.), Hoggesflessh (15th cent.), Hoggisflesh (16th cent.) may perhaps reflect a nickname for a pork butcher.]

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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun]

swine flesheOE

porkc1300

baconc1330

brawn1377

pig1381

pork flesh?a1425

boara1475

gricea1475

hog flesh1528

hog meat1573

grunting-peck1699

hog1744

pigmeat1754

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. E iv The beste hog fleshe.

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. ii, in Wks. I. 9 Doe not conceiue that antipathy betweene vs, and Hogs-den; as was betweene Iewes, and hogs-flesh.

1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea x. 273 The Spaniards have had great success, in converting to Christianity those Harasoras. Their agreeing in one essential point, the eating of hog's flesh, may, in a great measure, have paved the way.

1825 W. Scott Talisman ii, in Tales Crusaders III. 33 Dried hog's-flesh, the abomination of the Moslemah.

1998 Billboard (Nexis) 7 Nov. Ortego..will pick up a musical rub-board and spoons, as well as a knife for cutting the ‘cracklin's’, the tasty little bits of fried hog flesh.

† hog-grease v. Obsolete rare to smear with pig fat.

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1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. ii. 71 Yet they did Hog-grease his body.

† hog grubber n. slang Obsolete a mean, miserly, or self-interested person.

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the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person

nithinga1225

chinch?a1300

nigc1300

chincher1333

shut-purse1340

niggardc1384

haynec1386

nigona1400

pinchera1425

pinchpenny?c1425

pynepenya1450

pelt1511

chincherda1529

churl1535

pinchbeck1538

carl?1542

penny-father1549

nipfarthing1566

nipper?1573

holdfast1576

pinchpence1577

pinch fistc1580

pinchfart1592

shit-sticks1598

clunchfist1606

puckfist1606

sharp-nose1611

spare-good1611

crib1622

hog grubber?1626

dry-fist1633

clusterfist1652

niggardling1654

frummer1659

scrat1699

sting-hum1699

nipcheese1785

pincha1825

screw1825

wire-drawer1828

close-fist1861

penny-pincher1875

nip-skin1876

parer1887

pinch-plum1892

cheapskate1899

meanie1902

tightwad1906

stinge1914

penny-peeler1925

mean1938

stiff1967

?1626 R. Speed Counter-ratt in Counter Scuffle (new ed.) sig. F4^v His thumbe th'row ring did show A Gentleman seal'd,—for he was no Hog-grubber.

1708 J. Wilson et al. tr. Petronius Satyrical Wks. i. 52 Either he got in with an old Hog-grubber, or had to do with an Incubus, and found a Treasure.

1839 J. G. Millingen Captain Fancourt v, in Stories of Torres Vedras II. 138 If so be that a lying, thieving hog grubber has a soul, I'd rather be Crab without one.

1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 122/1 Hog Grubber, a sneaking mean fellow, a cadger. [Also in later dictionaries.]

† hog-grubbing adj. slang Obsolete mean, selfish, or self-interested.

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1830 R. Forby Vocab. East Anglia II. 163 Hog-grubbing, swinishly sordid; like a hog rooting up earth nuts.

1845 J. G. Millingen Jack Hornet I. xii. 277 He now accused the landlady and all the present company of being a pack of thieves... He was answered, that he was an old humbug—a hog-grubbing old file.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Hog-grubbing, very sordid. [Also in later dictionaries.]]

hoghead n. U.S. Railways slang the driver or engineer of a locomotive; = hogger n.¹ 2 (cf. 15a).

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society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > engine-driver

engine driver1809

engineer1816

engineman1835

locomotive engineer1840

runner1848

locomotive driver1852

locomotive runner1860

locoman1894

hogger1904

hoghead1905

1905 Daily Times-Tribune (Waterloo, Iowa) 18 Oct. 5/5 Engineer Dahlin, a ‘hog-head’ from the Cherokee division was in Waterloo yesterday having come in on an extra. He went west on the local.

1931 Illinois Central Mag. June 30/2 To the initiated, a ‘tallow-pit’ is a locomotive fire-man and a ‘hoghead’ is the engineer.

2007 Baltimore Sun (Nexis) 2 Dec. b4 He ran everything the railroad had. He was a good hoghead and knew all the nuances and tricks of the trade.

hog hole n. (a) (chiefly British) a narrow gap in a wall or fence designed to allow young sheep to pass from one pasture to another; (b) (chiefly North American) a gap in a wall or fence made for or by a pig; (also) = hog wallow n. (a); (c) figurative and in extended use.

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1688 J. Bunyan Solomon's Temple xxvi. 62 [Satan] goes round and round, and round us, to see if he can find a Hog-hole for that purpose.

1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 103 [This shrub] grew near the Hog-Holes in the Savanna by the Town of St. Jago de la Vega.

1834 G. S. Yerger Rep. Supreme Court Tennessee 4 37 On the same fence opposite the oat patch, there were several hog holes near the ground, large enough for the entrance of hogs.

1840 R. S. Ewell Let. in D. C. Pfanz Richard S. Ewell (1998) iii. 29 [A] filthy hog hole of a German Dutch tavern.

1890 R. R. Dawes Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers 177 A board or two off from the fence made what the man called a ‘hog-hole’. Instructing the regiment to follow in single file on the run, I took a color, ran across the street, and jumped through this opening in the fence.

2000 A. Evans & B. Evans Short Walks in Lakeland 17 Ignore the gate, carry on for 100 yards to just before a hog hole in the wall, then turn R up a little U-shaped valley.

hoghouse n. a shed in which hogs are kept; a pigsty.

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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > placing in sty > pigsty or pen

sty?c1225

hoghouse1350

hog cote1414

swine sty1414

swine cote?c1430

swine housea1450

swine garth1459

swine house garth1466

hogsty?a1500

swine hulka1500

swine cruive1501

swine hull1566

cruivec1575

pigsty1580

swine's-steada1599

pigscote1599

hog pen1640

hoggery1642

crawl1661

swine crew1673

pigscot1679

1350 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 94 (MED) [A house called] Hogge house.

1458 in W. S. Simpson Visitations of Churches St. Paul's (1895) 99 (MED) Vnum gattehous et vnum hoghous.

1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 570 An excellent harbour..where we found hog-houses, which they terme coralles, and tooke away certeine hogs and pigs.

1638 in Hist. Coll. Essex Inst. (1862) IV. 185/1 Granted to John Abby 5 acres nere to Mr. Throgmorton's hoghowse.

1728 E. Goodea Lease in Mariner's Mirror (1957) 43 297 Messuage or tenement Hoghouse in use as a Smiths shop.

1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. IV. 62 Having stables..milk-house, hog-house, &c.

1927 M. E. Seebohm Evol. Eng. Farm xi. 296 In East Anglia the farm-yards had hog cisterns, handy to the kitchen, dairy, and hoghouse.

2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 23 Jan. a5 Gary Nilles..intends to haul them to slaughter, clean out the hoghouses and quit the livestock business for good.

† hog jobber n. Obsolete a person who sells or deals in hogs; cf. jobber n.² 2.

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society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in other livestock

pig-jobbera1722

hog jobber1723

higgler1830

1723 London Gaz. No. 6170/9 Thomas Greathead,..Hogjobber.

1850 Jrnl. Brit. Archaeol. Soc. 5 58 A road, with a noble agger, crossing the river at Whittlesford-bridge. It is much frequented by hog jobbers.

1861 N.Y. Times 8 Nov. 3/6 Hog jobbers, or drovers, are not in the market.

hog jowl n. originally and chiefly U.S. (a cut of) meat from the cheek of a hog.

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1841 Daily Atlas (Boston) 8 June It has been his daily habit, throughout the Spring, to dine upon hog jowl and turnip sallet.

1886 Boston Jrnl. 8 Dec. 2/4 A Southern Society has been formed in New York, and its members are confident in being as happy over the corn-pone and the hog-jowl as the New-Englanders over doughnuts and hard cider.

1938 K. Dos Passos Let. 25 Mar. in G. Murphy et al. Lett. from Lost Generation (1991) 211 Great thick beefsteaks and hog jowl and turnip-greens.

2006 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 13 Apr. c16 My food knowledge expanded to squid tentacles, hog jowls, goose livers and edible fungus.

hog Latin n. (a) incorrect or debased Latin (cf. pig Latin n. 1, dog-Latin n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3a); (b) any incomprehensible form of speech or writing; esp. a systematically altered form of English used as a sort of code (cf. pig Latin n. 2).

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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Latin > anglicized or corrupt

English Latinc1475

kitchen-Latin1579

law-Latin1615

dog-Latin1661

bog Latin1785

hog Latin1807

Anglo-Latin1811

rogue's Latin1818

Monk-Latin1843

pig Latin1844

1807 W. Sampson Mem. xxxii. 274 Some of the very acts of parliament..are such a queer compound of Danish, Norman hog-latin, and I don't know what, as to be the most biting satires upon the Englishry.

1810 M. van H. Dwight Jrnl. 20 Nov. in Journey to Ohio (1912) 53 He pass'd us on the road, singing & screaming, advising us to go back & learn hog-latin—alias German—or dutch.

1865 Preston Guardian 30 Sept. 2/4 In the body of the paper is the following hog Latin motto:—‘Fratus, scriptus sanctum’.

1930 Daily Express 8 Sept. 8/6 The millions now being wasted in teaching bewildered youngsters hog Latin and piano and bad Greek.

2004 K. S. Lashley in B. C. Lust & C. Foley First Lang. Acquisition 321 The ease with which a new structure may be imposed on words is illustrated by the quickness with which children learn hog Latin.

hog leg n. U.S. regional (chiefly western) a large pistol.

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1908 San Antonio (Texas) Light 16 Dec. 3/3 Informed that a negro was carrying a big ‘hog leg’ in his hip pocket, patrolman Sobleski..prevented the negro from escaping.

2001 W. Deverell Laughing Falcon x. i. 304 I've got a hog leg pointed at your belly button.

† hog-loom n. English regional (south midlands) Obsolete = hog cistern n.

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1836 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 17 capital milk leads, cream cistern, hog loom, butter kivers, cream pots..and various other valuable effects.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 330 Hogloom, a sunk receptacle, generally of brick, for the wash and refuse food for pigs.

1854 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 28 Jan. A large yard, with waggon-hovel, piggeries, and hog-loom.

hog pail n. a pail used for feeding hogs; a swill pail.

ΚΠ

1741 Boston Weekly News-let. 12 Feb. 2/1 Taken up by John Morey, Esq...a swill-Pale, otherwise called a Hog-Pale.

1833 T. Man Picture of Factory Village 34 He from the hog-pail, oft doth drink.

1945 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 15 Nov. 11/3 (advt.) 20 qt. Hog Pail.

2000 S. Gulland Last Great Dance on Earth 13 The second cook is upset because the first cook expects him to empty the hog pails.

hog plague n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) = hog cholera at cholera n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]

swine-sought?c1475

water-gall1582

measles1587

swinepox1587

gargarism1607

measlesa1637

rangen1688

milt-pain1704

choler1729

hog pox1730

gall1736

thirst1736

cholera1837

black tooth1851

hog plague1858

swine plague1863

purple1867

swine fever1877

soldier disease1878

soldier1882

swine erysipelas1887

Aujeszky's disease1906

swine flu1919

swine influenza1920

African swine fever1935

baby pig disease1941

swine vesicular disease1972

SVD1973

1858 12th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1857 374 This disease has no well established name, and might properly be called as suggested by Mr. Sutton, of Aurora, Indiana, ‘the hog plague’.

1928 P. de Kruif Hunger Fighters iii. 79 For the time being the menace of the hog plague was over.

2005 R. H. Donaldson & J. L. Nogee Foreign Policy Russia (ed. 3) viii. 296 Chinese pigs..were..then banned in Russia by the veterinary inspector, who suspected that they might spread hog plague in the country.

hog potato n. a small or inferior potato of a sort typically used as fodder for pigs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pig fodder > other pig fodder

defrutc1420

hog meata1500

shack1536

hog potato1776

pig potato1796

Tottenham Pudding1944

1776 M. Peters Agricultura 183 Directions for cultivating the Surinam Potatoes, are given by the Venders of that Article—which Sort of Potatoe appears to be what is commonly known in the Country, by the name of the Hog Potatoe.

1846 Times 11 Dec. 3/4 The cheese is the poorest Dutch, and the potatoes known in the trade as chats or hog potatoes.

1998 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 6 May a9 The crunchy hog potato found in the dirt bank along old Route 66.

hog pound n. a pigpen.

ΚΠ

1695 T. Burrell Jrnl. & Acct.-Bk. in Sussex Archaeol. Coll. (1850) 3 130 Charge for the hog pound, 2400 bricks, £1 3s. 6d.

1730 R. Budgen Passage of Hurricane 4 A Hog pound and Sty, covered with a Roof, and thatched, in a very unaccountable manner had all the middle Part taken away from Top to Bottom.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone II. iv. 59 Putting up their fore-feet on the top rail of the hog-pound, and blinking their little eyes, and grunting prettily to coax us.

2000 I. Armstrong Radical Aesthetic iv. 127 Penned by palings into the filth of a hog pound.

† hog pox n. Obsolete swinepox; (also) a disease in humans or sheep resembling swinepox or smallpox.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > other eruptive diseases

gutta rosaceac1400

spotted death1623

spotted fever1623

horse-pox1656

flock-pox1672

hog pox1676

spotted pestilence1783

salt rheum1809

molluscum1813

molluscum contagiosum1817

grease-pox1822

horn-pox1822

date fever1836

glass-pock1858

molluscum sebaceum1866

verruga1873

furunculosis1886

gutta rubea1886

flannel rash1888

vaccinide1889

rubeoloid1893

pox1897

veld sores1898

spotted sickness1899

sweat-rash1899

synanthema1899

sporotrichosis1908

alastrim1911

pseudoxanthoma elasticum1933

monkeypox1960

scleromyxœdema1964

yusho1969

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]

swine-sought?c1475

water-gall1582

measles1587

swinepox1587

gargarism1607

measlesa1637

rangen1688

milt-pain1704

choler1729

hog pox1730

gall1736

thirst1736

cholera1837

black tooth1851

hog plague1858

swine plague1863

purple1867

swine fever1877

soldier disease1878

soldier1882

swine erysipelas1887

Aujeszky's disease1906

swine flu1919

swine influenza1920

African swine fever1935

baby pig disease1941

swine vesicular disease1972

SVD1973

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep

pocka1325

soughta1400

pox1530

mad1573

winter rot1577

snuffa1585

leaf1587

leaf-sickness1614

redwater1614

mentigo1706

tag1736

white water1743

hog pox1749

rickets1755

side-ill1776

resp1789

sheep-fag1789

thorter-ill1791

vanquish1792

smallpox1793

shell-sicknessc1794

sickness1794

grass-ill1795

rub1800

pine1804

pining1804

sheep-pock1804

stinking ill1807

water sickness1807

core1818

wryneck1819

tag-belt1826

tag-sore1828

kibe1830

agalaxia1894

agalactia1897

lupinosis1899

trembling1902

struck1903

black disease1906

scrapie1910

renguerra1917

pulpy kidney1927

dopiness1932

blowfly strike1933

body strike1934

sleepy sickness1937

swayback1938

twin lamb disease1945

tick pyaemia1946

fly-strike1950

maedi1952

nematodiriasis1957

visna1957

maedi-visna1972

visna-maedi1972

1676 Char. Quack-doctor 4 That all persons..may know whither to repair for present Cure, in all Cephalalgia's,..Exanthemata; the Hog-Pox, the Hen-Pox, the Small-Pox, the Whores Pox, or the Devils-Pox, [etc.].

1730 T. Fuller Exanthematologia i. 162 Swine or Hog-Pox. Chesneau mentions a Sort of Pustles, not much differing from the true Small-Pox, but are larger... I take these to be what are call'd the Swine-Pox; and this Name is taken from the Disease of Hogs..term'd Grando Porcorum, which we vulgarly call Measley Hogs.

1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep 324 This Disease, by many Farmers, is called the Hog-Pox in Sheep, proceeding from Foulness of Blood, and as some think is somewhat of the Nature of the Small-Pox in the human Body.

1853 Valley Farmer (St. Louis, Missouri) Apr. 144/1 The disease, which has been so fatal to the hogs in the vicinity; and along the river and above here, is the hog pox, and is contagious.

hog rifle n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) a long-barrelled, muzzle-loading hunting rifle.

ΚΠ

1895 Chicago Tribune 21 July 27/1 Wish I had my hog rifle here!

1940 J. Stuart Trees of Heaven 33 He ought to be shot at sunset between the eyes with a hog rifle.

2004 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 19 Aug. I still have my granddaddy's old hog rifle.

hog ring n. a ring or piece of bent wire put into the snout of a pig to prevent it from grubbing in the ground.

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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > nose-ring

hog ring1648

staple1688

staple-ring1707

nose-jewel1844

pig ring1862

snout-ring1875

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. vi. 17 Wee could not but much wonder at that sight..of people naked, with their haire hanging down to the middle of their backes, with their faces cut out in severall fashions, or flowers, with thin plates hanging at their Noses, like Hog-rings.

1710 D. Hilman Tusser Redivivus Sept. 10 Twitchers are a sort of great Plyers to clinch the Hog-Ring withal.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 552 I find hog-rings bought on two occasions in 1360 and 1374.

2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 72/1 Hog rings have been used for many decades as a means of preventing rooting by hogs.

hog ringer n. †(a) a person (esp. a public official) employed to fasten rings in pigs' snouts (obsolete); (b) a tool used to insert such rings.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > nose-ring > one who fastens ring

hog ringer1692

1692 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 267 The hogg ringers shall have 6d. per head for every hogg ya ring.

1708 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 363 Any that shall neglect to ring their own swine, thay shall be forthwith rung by ye hog ringer.

1835 R. V. Barnewall & J. L. Adolphus Rep. Cases King's Bench 5 573 The offices of parish clerk, hog-ringer, bellman, have been held sufficient.

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 394/3 Hog Ringers, malleable iron... Weight 13oz.

1990 Toronto Star (Nexis) 8 Apr. d5 My daddy would take hog ringers..to hold my shoe soles on.

hog roast n. originally U.S. a social gathering at which a hog is roasted and eaten; = pig roast n. at pig n.¹ Compounds 2a; cf. hog feast n.

ΚΠ

1908 Charleroi (Pa.) Mail 23 Oct. 1/1 A hog roast was given at Monessen last evening..in honor of Mr. Chauncey S. Duvall who is to be married... The affair was highly enjoyable to all present.

1985 Los Angeles Times (Electronic text) 21 Jan. 1 Asbestos inspectors were feted at a Latch-On hog roast and country music party in the San Bernardino National Forest.

2008 Church Times 18 July 3/1 (caption) Bishops from Melanesia enjoy hospitality from Sandiway parish at a hog roast in Chester diocese at the weekend.

† hog rubber n. Obsolete (used contemptuously or as a term of abuse) a yokel; a country bumpkin.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused

warlockOE

swinec1175

beastc1225

wolf's-fista1300

avetrolc1300

congeonc1300

dirtc1300

slimec1315

snipec1325

lurdanc1330

misbegetc1330

sorrowa1350

shrew1362

jordan1377

wirlingc1390

frog?a1400

warianglea1400

wretcha1400

horcop14..

turdc1400

callet1415

lotterela1450

paddock?a1475

souter1478

chuff?a1500

langbain?c1500

cockatrice1508

sow1508

spink1508

wilrone1508

rook?a1513

streaker?a1513

dirt-dauber?1518

marmoset1523

babiona1529

poll-hatcheta1529

bear-wolf1542

misbegotten1546

pig1546

excrement1561

mamzer1562

chuff-cat1563

varlet1566

toada1568

mandrake1568

spider1568

rat1571

bull-beef1573

mole-catcher1573

suppository1573

curtal1578

spider-catcher1579

mongrela1585

roita1585

stickdirta1585

dogfish1589

Poor John1589

dog's facec1590

tar-boxa1592

baboon1592

pot-hunter1592

venom1592

porcupine1594

lick-fingers1595

mouldychaps1595

tripe1595

conundrum1596

fat-guts1598

thornback1599

land-rat1600

midriff1600

stinkardc1600

Tartar1600

tumbril1601

lobster1602

pilcher1602

windfucker?1602

stinker1607

hog rubber1611

shad1612

splay-foot1612

tim1612

whit1612

verdugo1616

renegado1622

fish-facea1625

flea-trapa1625

hound's head1633

mulligrub1633

nightmare1633

toad's-guts1634

bitch-baby1638

shagamuffin1642

shit-breech1648

shitabed1653

snite1653

pissabed1672

bastard1675

swab1687

tar-barrel1695

runt1699

fat-face1740

shit-sack1769

vagabond1842

shick-shack1847

soor1848

b1851

stink-pot1854

molie1871

pig-dog1871

schweinhund1871

wind-sucker1880

fucker1893

cocksucker1894

wart1896

so-and-so1897

swine-hound1899

motherfucker1918

S.O.B.1918

twat1922

mong1926

mucker1929

basket1936

cowson1936

zombie1936

meatball1937

shower1943

chickenshit1945

mugger1945

motherferyer1946

hooer1952

morpion1954

mother1955

mother-raper1959

louser1960

effer1961

salaud1962

gunk1964

scunge1967

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]

churlc1275

Hobc1325

Hodgec1386

charla1400

carlc1405

peasanta1450

hoggler1465

agrest1480

hoggener1488

rustical?1532

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

clown1563

Jocka1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

Corydon1581

gaffer1589

gran1591

russeting1597

dunghill1608

hog rubber1611

carlota1616

high shoe1647

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

cot1695

ruralist1739

Johnnya1774

Harry1796

bodach1830

bucolic1862

cafone1872

bogman1891

country bookie1904

desi1907

middle peasant1929

woodchuck1931

swede-basher1943

moegoe1953

shit-kicker1961

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D4^v Fiddle goodman hog-rubber, some of these porters beare so much for others, they haue no time to carry wit for themselues.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. iii. 622 The very Rusticks and Hog-rubbers..if once they tast of this Loue-liquor, are inspired in an instant.

1701 T. D'Urfey Bath iv. i. 32 How's that, Hog-rubber? Oons, dare you affront me?

1835 P. Gaskill Old Bachelors II. xiii. 283 It produces such magical effects upon the hog-rubbers.

hog rump n. †(a) the rump of a horse resembling that of a hog in shape (obsolete); (b) the rump of a hog, esp. as a cut of meat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > rump or type of

croupc1300

crouponc1400

crupper1591

goose-rump1679

hog rump1679

1679 London Gaz. No. 1436/4 Also a bay Mare, with a hog rump.

1796 J. Hunter Compl. Dict. Farriery & Horsemanship at Rules for Buying Horses The narrow-pin buttock, the hog-rump and the falling buttock, are all natural deformities.

1823 Amer. Farmer 4 359/1 A Spaniard may boast of his Andalusian horse, with a hog rump, long tail, and strait tail, almost glued to his buttocks.

2004 OC Weekly (Nexis) 18 June 46 Barbecued hog rumps seem to float midair inside a hot box, ready for carving.

hog shearing n. now rare the shearing of a pig, used figuratively as the type of a pointless activity; fuss about nothing (see great (also much) cry and little wool at cry n. Phrases 1).

ΚΠ

1662 E. Martin Opinion v. 95 [The] hideous cry of Hoggshearing, where..wee have a great deal of noise, and no Wooll.

1665 J. Locke in Life & Lett. (1858) 21 Here hog-shearing is much in its glory, and our disputing in Oxford comes as far short of it as the rhetoric of Carfax does that of Billingsgate.

1838 J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl I. xvi. 231 Here's a pretty upshot to your valours! Much cry and little wool, like the Devil's hog-shearing at Christmas.

1956 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 2 May s25/1 The people didn't look like anybody you'd invite to a hog shearing.

hog-tight adj. chiefly U.S. (of a fence) constructed in such a way as to prevent pigs from forcing their way through.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [adjective] > that will serve as a fence > having a fence or paling > of specific construction (of fence)

stake-and-ridered1829

ridered1833

dogleg1836

staked and ridered1852

hog-tight1858

staked-and-bound1861

doglegged1891

1858 Kansas Herald of Freedom (Lawrence) 9 Jan. Every man who attempts to raise anything should have his fences hog tight.

1972 Christian Sci. Monitor 28 Sept. 16/4 The pioneers..tipped the stumps up with their roots in the air, and lined them along so they were, as the saying went, ‘horse-high, hog-tight, and bull-strong’.

2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 28 Dec. 6 The Dorseys..got rid of the resident deer on their 800-acre area, which is enclosed by an 8-foot hog-tight fence topped with barbed wire.

† hog-tooth spar n. Mineralogy Obsolete a variety of calcite occurring as sharply-pointed crystals; cf. dogtooth spar n. at dog-tooth n. Compounds 3.

ΚΠ

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 20 When the pyramics is long and sharp, it [sc. calcareous spar] is called dog-tooth spar, or hog-tooth spar.

1835 E. Hitchcock Rep. Geol. Mineral. Bot. & Zool. Mass. 489 The pseudomorphous crystals are very perfect, and have the form of hog tooth spar.

1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals 122 Hog-tooth spar, like dog-tooth spar, a popular name for calcite, occurring in acute scalenohedrons.

hog train n. North American (now chiefly historical) a train used to transport hogs; (slang) a train of this sort used as a mode of travel by the poor, vagrants, etc.; (hence) travel as a tramp or hobo (chiefly in on the hog train at Phrases 7).

ΚΠ

1850 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 3 Dec. 8/3 The Road is in fine condition, and as soon as the ‘People's Line’, as the hog train is called, begins to run, the receipts will be very large.

1892 Daily Jrnl. (Logansport, Indiana) 24 July They made up their minds to try Elwood, but being short of funds took the ‘hog train’ method of travel and were riding between the cars.

1922 Proc. 28th Ann. Session Iowa State Bar Assoc. 68 We stopped alongside of a hog-train and were there for some little time, and I had occasion to observe the breed of hogs which you are shipping.

2006 J. Londraville & R. Londraville Most Beautiful Man in World iii. 45 The trial of getting there on a hog train warned him that his dreams of fame might have a more earthy outcome.

hog-tub n. a trough or other vessel for hogs to feed or drink from.

ΚΠ

1708 tr. M. Alemán Life Guzman d’Alfarache I. iii. 397 The good old Comrade..ask'd from when I came, and whether I had been bathing in a Hog-Tub?

1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July 147 I lost her..by means of her..eating Grains out of a Hog-tub.

1834 Ohio Observer (Hudson, Ohio) 21 Aug. Many barrels [of beer] might be saved, which are every year thrown into the hog-tub from becoming undrinkable.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Skippet, the long-handled ladle used for filling a water-cart, emptying a hog-tub, &c.

1998 R. W. Malcolmson & S. Mastoris Eng. Pig (2001) ii. 39 The hog-tubs were filled with refuse.

hog wallow n. (a) a hollow or ditch in which pigs wallow; also in extended use; (b) (U.S.) a natural depression having a similar appearance; frequently attributive in hog wallow prairie.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > other

slack?a1400

swamp1691

cauldrona1763

hog wallow1829

tomo1859

kettle1866

pocket1869

dolina1882

kettle hole1883

frost hollow1895

impact crater1895

uvala1902

frost pocket1907

sotch1910

pingo1938

lagg1939

tafoni1942

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough > wallow

soila1425

hog hole1688

bear wallow1766

hog wallow1829

wallow1841

1829 L. Dow Omnifarious Law 51 It became a trespass to make a dam for a hog wallow.

1840 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 39 212 From the difference of surface, soil, and exposure, there arises a great diversity in the size, depth, and general appearance of the hog-wallows.

a1910 ‘O. Henry’ Sixes & Sevens (1913) xi. 115 One afternoon, while they were riding through a dense mesquite flat, they came upon a patch of open hog-wallow prairie.

1941 W. A. Percy Lanterns on Levee iii. 29 The Prodigal Son..could have found a more sanitary place to stay in than the hog-wallow.

1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) iv. 267 When it rains on a Memphis in May World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest, Tom Lee Park turns into a hog wallow.

hogward n. now rare and historical a person who keeps or tends pigs; a swineherd.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > swineherd

swona700

swineherdOE

hogherd1279

hogman1301

pig-herd1591

swinward1614

hoggard1655

hogward1753

swine herder1860

swine girl1883

1753 Act for Dividing & Inclosing Common Fields (26 Geo.II, c. 47) Thomas Chamberlain, John Higginson, Mary Facey Widow, and the Hogward and Heyward of Hillmorton aforesaid, for the Time being, are severally seised and possessed of Thirty-one other Cottages.

1883 J. R. Green Conq. Eng. 330 The hog-ward who drove the swine to the denes in the wood~land paid his lord 15 pigs at the slaughter time.

1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark 10 After them appeared one of the Stowood hogwards, with the great cudgel of holly which was the badge of his trade.

hog-wild adj. U.S. completely wild or unrestrained; crazy (chiefly in to go hog-wild).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > riotous excitement > [adjective]

hog-wild1893

rah-rah1896

rootin' tootin'1901

bananas1957

ring-a-ding1960

1893 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 Mar. 4/3 The state of Kansas has gone ‘hog wild’.

1940 C. McCullers Heart is Lonely Hunter i. ii. 26 This here white man had just gone hog wild. He were butting his head against the side of this brick wall.

2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Feb. 82/1 New York City Ballet went hog-wild with promotions on January 22.

hog yoke n. (also hog's yoke) (a) a wooden frame placed around a hog's neck to prevent it pushing its way through hedges, fences, etc. (now rare); (b) (Nautical) a quadrant (quadrant n.¹ 7) (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > pig-yoke

hog yoke1573

pig yoke1845

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > quadrant, sextant, etc.

quadrant?c1400

quadrate1551

sextant1628

sinical quadrant1669

bow1696

pig yoke1836

hog yoke1897

ham-bone1938

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 15^v Hog yokes, & a twicher, & rings for a hog.

1613 A. Shirley Rel. Travels Persia 71 Hee should not dye; but goe, during his life, with a great yoke, like a Hogges-yoke, about his necke.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 290 Hog-Yokes and Rings.

a1852 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1883) x. 35 I ain't so fond o' pork as to eat hog yokes.

1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous v. 107 The old green-crusted quadrant that they called the ‘hog-yoke’.

1929 F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 67 Hog yoke, the old fashioned wooden quadrant in American ships and Grand Bankers, so-called from its likeness to the wooden yoke put over hogs to prevent them breaking through fences.

2001 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 30 Sept. e1 All of it happens in the living museum that John Rice Irwin built, tool by quilt by cross saw by hog yoke by smoke house and sheep pen.

b. Compounds with hog's.

hog's bristle n. (also hog bristle) each of the stiff hairs which grow on the back of a hog; such hairs considered collectively, esp. as a material for making brushes.

ΚΠ

1560 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli 2nd Pt. Secretes Alexis of Piemont 14 Take a Pensill of Hogges bristels, and marke your white skinne with spottes.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 74 The Lye Brush is made of Hogs-Bristles fastned into a Board with Brass-Wyer.

1762 tr. J. Astruc Treat. Dis. Women II. 240 The opening of the tubes into the uterus is so exactly closed, as not to be capable of admitting a hog's bristle to be introduced into it.

1872 Appletons' Jrnl. 9 Mar. 266/1 He assumed the character of a..Russian peasant, employed by merchants to buy hogs' bristles.

1979 C. Hayes Compl. Guide Painting, Drawing Techniques ii. 31 (caption) Each oil brush contains a certain weight of hog bristle.

1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 24 Apr. We are not talking mimsy watercolours or squirrel-hair brushes either. We are talking palette knife and hog's bristle, bold swags of colour laid on thick.

hog's cheek n. now rare (a cut of) meat from the cheek of a hog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > cuts or parts

pig's footc1475

hog's foot1561

hog's cheek1573

bald-rib1598

spring1598

list1623

griskin1699

chine1712

pork griskin1725

rearing1736

pork chop?1752

hand1794

faggot1815

hog round1819

sweet-bone1826

butt1845

pig trotter1851

pork belly1863

Hodge1879

fore-end1906

fore-hock1923

1573 Thes. Linguae Romanae & Britannicae Hogs cheeke sowsed.

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. I^v It's a Hogs Cheeke and Puddings in a Peuter field this.

1727 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Many Memorable Things I. iv. 181 In the Supper it self were Sumina, (i.e. Sows Teat) sowe'd Hog's-cheek, brawn, a Bisk of all sorts of fish, [etc.].

1892 W. Besant London viii. 427 A hog's cheek was reckoned a toothsome kickshaw.

1923 W. C. Firebaugh Inns Greece & Rome xiv. 206 Oenothea mounts upon the rotten stool to take down a piece of dried hog's cheek.

hog's dung n. the excrement of a hog.

ΚΠ

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. G.vii The ioyce of hogges dounge cast into the nostrelles doth restrayne the bloud.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 88 Mr. Remnant dislikes ringing before the swarm bee quite out of their Hive; but..prescribes to make the greatest sound you can to prevent it, as also by throwing up dust, Hogs-dung, or Cows-dung to disturb, and trouble them.

1703 tr. H. van Oosten Dutch Gardener i. 2 Hogs dung is good almost for any ground.

1874 Amer. Cycl. VII. 523/2 First, stale urine and hogs' dung, subsequently urine alone, and again fullers' earth and water.

1992 Independent (Nexis) 10 May 33 A farmer keeps his mind on Mr Tull's seed drill and on the qualities of hog's dung to avoid thinking of his dead child, who appears to him at night.

hog's face n. (also hog face) (a) (as a term of abuse) a person considered to have a face or facial expression like that of a hog; (b) the face of a hog, esp. as an article of food.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [noun] > ugly person

hog's face1578

kex1619

troll1697

singed cat1836

ogre1843

plug-ugly1862

partan-face1895

bad looker1898

snout-face1923

Mr Potato Head1952

mieskeit1968

fuglya1970

grot1970

minger1992

1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 1st Pt. iv. vii. sig. Fj Goodman Hogsface, you woe without mony.

1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London sig. C Doest thou keepe no better fare in thy house? Hast no greate Bagge Pudding, nor Hogges face, that is called Sowse?

c1630 Trag. Rich. II (1870) 60 Heeres a fatt horson in his russet slops, And yett may spend 300^li bith yeare, The third of which the hoggsface owes the kinge.

1710 P. Lamb Royal Cookery 108 You may do Sheep's Tongues the same way, or Hog's Feet, or Hog's Face split in two.

1830 W. Scott Doom of Devorgoil ii. i. 4 If he's left that same hog's face and sausages, He will try back upon them.

1977 P. Larkin Let. 25 May in M. Brennan Philip Larkin I Knew (2002) 222 All this to avoid the hog-faces at the bar!

2004 Star (Wilmington, N. Carolina) News (Nexis) 25 Feb. 1 d Only the bravest tried the hog's face.

hog's foot n. [attested earlier as a surname: Jordanus Oggesfot (1220)] chiefly North American in later use. = pig's foot n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > cuts or parts

pig's footc1475

hog's foot1561

hog's cheek1573

bald-rib1598

spring1598

list1623

griskin1699

chine1712

pork griskin1725

rearing1736

pork chop?1752

hand1794

faggot1815

hog round1819

sweet-bone1826

butt1845

pig trotter1851

pork belly1863

Hodge1879

fore-end1906

fore-hock1923

1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 40^v Let him also eate meates of good digestion as are yonge Mottons, Lambes, Chyckens, Hogges fete, and such like.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Onglons de pourceau, hogs-feet singed, then sodden vntill they be verie tender, then broyled [etc.].

1733 V. La Chapelle Mod. Cook I. 4 When everything is in good order in your dish, then put in your Hogs feet and ears, Cabbage, Celery, and Leeks.

1863 V. Penny Employments of Women 162 Women are employed at the pork houses in Louisville, in putting up hogs' feet, to send to New Orleans.

1998 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Aug. 1 She also tells how to fix smothered quail, mudfish cakes, pickled hog's feet and million-dollar fudge.

hog's grease n. (also hog grease) the lard or fat of a hog.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > from pig

swine greasea1400

lardc1420

swine seamc1440

hog's grease1525

seam1530

hog's lard1601

mort1610

1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xxvi. sig. F.iv The. iiij. maysters prayseth therto to take ye Roote of nyghtica stamped with hogges grece.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. xlvii. 31 Take Waxe, Hogges-grease and Turpentine.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Hoof-loosening Put a Restrictive Charge about it, and heal it up with Turpentine and Hogs Grease melted together.

1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son II. xxxviii. 308 A fat dog, roasted entire, stuffed with turmeric, rice, suet, and garlic, and larded with hog's grease.

1996 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 12 Feb. 8 Just when that old Kentucky colonel wants to hide the fact he fries chicken, along comes Garnet Turley, who is very proud she knows the difference between hog grease and vegetable oil.

hog's hair n. (also hog hair) [attested earlier as a surname: Richard Hoggesher (1328)] the hair which grows on the back of a hog, used esp. for making brushes; frequently attributive (cf. hog's bristle n.).

ΚΠ

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 611/35 Seta, a hoggeshere.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. xxxix^v, in Bulwarke of Defence Make them into pouder and burne hogges heere.

1662 W. Faithorne Art of Graveing & Etching xxii. 36 Take up the white Cerusse..with a brush or great pencill of hoggs hair, and therewith whiten your varnish.

1718 Boston News-let. 24 Mar. 2/2 (advt.) Money for Hog's hair and Horse hair.

1819 A. Rees Cycl. III. at Back-Painting With a hog's-hair brush.

1934 Times 23 Apr. 10/2 The paper takes water colour well, but hog's-hair brushes seem the best to use.

1992 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Oct. 18/1 I don't find pencil very sympathetic to work with. I use scene painter's charcoal, and broad director's brushes, made from hog's hair.

hog's lard n. (also hog lard) the fat of a pig, esp. when clarified and used in cooking or as the basis for an ointment (cf. lard n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > from pig

swine greasea1400

lardc1420

swine seamc1440

hog's grease1525

seam1530

hog's lard1601

mort1610

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xxiv. iii. 177 Acorns or Mast of the Oke, beaten to pouder, & incorporat with Hogs lard salted, heale all those hard and swelling cankerous ulcers, which they call in Greeke Cacoëthe.

1747 G. G. Beekman Let. 8 Dec. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 36 I wrote you not Long ago Concerning Some hogs Lard Which I hope you have Bought for My Account Before Now at My Limitted Price.

c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 94/2 Hog's lard is fluid at 81°.

1996 Folklore 107 26/2 The reference to hog's lard presumably relates to the fact that it was commonly used as the fatty base for herbal unguents.

2006 Legacy Dec.–Jan. 32/2 She just dumped the sweetened berries out on a big, deep, china plate and spread pie crust (made with hog lard) over the top and baked it.

c. (In branch II.)

hog bull n. chiefly English regional (south-western) a yearling bull.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > young

bullocka1000

bulchin1330

ox calfa1450

bulkin1600

hog bull1811

novillo1831

1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 261 At this time it is used in a more extended sense for any animal of a year old, as a hog bull, a chilver hog sheep.

1853 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 17 Sept. 2 barren heifers, and one hog bull.

1884 Bristol Mercury 8 May 8/1 Cows and calves, £18 to £20; hog bulls, £8 to £12.

hog colt n. now rare (in later use chiefly English regional (south-western)) a yearling colt.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [noun] > male > colt > of specific age

hog colt1591

three-years1617

hogget1787

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Potrico A hog colt.

1705 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels Forefathers (1976) 178 Three mares and one hogg-colt £11 0s 0d.

1858 Bristol Mercury 30 Oct. 1/1 One hog colt, two weaning colts.

1899 Bristol Mercury 21 Oct. 1/6 Hog Colt, Sire Bold Gordon, Dam Duchess.

† hog-fence n. Scottish Obsolete pasture fenced off for feeding young sheep during the winter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > sheep pasture > types of

lamb's-lease1609

hog-fence1790

twinter1846

tussock land1881

1790 A. Macmillan Treat. Pasturage ii. ix. 216 There are many places, where sheep are not hirselled or kept in different parcels throught the whole season, that ewes may be kept on low ground upon hog fences.

1802 C. Findlater Gen. View Agric. County of Peebles 192 Some better and lower lying pasture is saved..for them [sc. lambs], for their Winter's provision; what is thus hained, is called the hog fence.

1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 12 On Monanday night he cam yont to stop the ewes aff the hogg-fence, the wind being eissel.

1827 W. Scott Let. in Ipswich Jrnl. 3 Nov. ‘In troth did I, Tam’, answered Andro... ‘I was at London, in a place they ca' the park, that is no like a hained hog-fence, or like the four-nooked parks in this country’.

hog fleece n. the fleece obtained from the first shearing of a young sheep.

ΚΠ

1778 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. II. 458 Five or six hog-fleeces weigh a stone.

1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern: North iv. 61 The weight of the hogg fleeces depends so entirely on their keep.

1906 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Weekly Sentinel 7 Feb. 14/7 The fact that the hog fleece is not shorn until so long after the birth of the animal makes the wool longer and staple.

2000 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 17 May 18 Cheviot hogg fleeces will show the biggest increase of 44.9% to 66.2p per kg.

† hog-fold n. Obsolete a fold in which young sheep are kept.

ΚΠ

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 182 The ground becomes much more trodden at that time of the year by the ewe-fold, than it would be by a weather fold, or an hog-fold.

hog-gap n. English regional (northern) = hog hole n. (a) at Compounds 2a.

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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > passage or gate for sheep

sheep-gate1535

swing-gate1774

folding-slap1787

hog-gap1878

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Hog-gap, a covered opening in a wall for sheep to pass through.

hog lamb n. [attested earliest as a surname: Oliver Hoglamb (1218)] a castrated male lamb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > male > castrated or wether > at specific stage in life

dinmont1424

hog lamb1810

1810 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 13 Dec. Two hog lambs having been found in a Field..whoever can prove them to be their property, may have them restored.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 38 When a female, it is a ewe-lamb, when a male a tup-lamb, and this last name is changed to hogg-lamb, when the creature undergoes emasculation.

1986 Shetland Life Nov. 12/1 Anyone who has sold store lambs this year will have seen that..buyers are only picking the best of the hog lambs.

1999 H. Pearson in Northern Echo 9 Mar. 4 I used to meet farmers and think, ‘what the hell is that, what is a hog lamb?’

hog sheep n. now rare a yearling sheep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by age > one year old or sheared once

shearling1378

hoggaster1388

hogget1421

shear-sheep1503

shear-hog?1523

hoggerel1530

shear wether hog1537

teg1537

hog sheep1552

lamb-hog1607

shearinga1642

two-teeth1776

hogling1856

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum at Shepe Shepe of two shere, or hauinge two tethe called a hogge shepe.

1667 Comenio's Dict. 584 They did also pull off the fleeces of hog-sheep (whom now a days we shear).

1716 C. Morris Diary 7 Sept. (1934) 138 Of Thomas Lovel for keeping 25 Hogg-sheep from All Saint's to Candlemass Day.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon xiv. 346 The ewes and lambs, with the preceding year's hog sheep, are brought down from the forests in the beginning of November.

1967 E. Kerridge Agric. Revol. xi. 44 Hog sheep were not usually put on the meadows..but were kept on the higher downs.

hog wool n. wool from a yearling sheep; the fleece produced by a sheep's first shearing (see sense 4b).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > fleece > [noun] > types of

shearling1481

wool1495

hog wool1653

hog1824

fallen fleece1867

shirling1869

yearlings1888

1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 6 I have found, that Hogs-wooll, of severall colours, makes good grounds.

1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law II. 426 The parishioners insisted, that they ought to pay no tithe of hog wool (that is, of the wool of sheep of a year old).

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 139 The ewe and hogg wools are kept separate, so as to distinguish them.

1999 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 26 Nov. 2 Blackface ranged from 70p/kg for hog wool to an average 84p/kg for ‘carpet white’.

d. In names of animals resembling a pig in some respect, or infesting pigs.

† hog-ape n. Obsolete rare a baboon (genus Papio); cf. dog-ape n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3b(a).

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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon)

baboon?a1425

mancowea1500

babiona1529

hog-ape1608

bavian1678

hog-monkey1746

hog-faced ape1793

babuina1882

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 117 The snoute is like to the snoute of a Hog-ape, alwayes gaping.

1846 W. Youatt Pig (1847) i. 3 Aristotle speaks of a hog-ape, which has been since supposed to refer to one of the baboon tribe.

hog badger n. †(a) a supposed variety of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, having the head (or feet) resembling those of a pig; cf. dog-badger n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3b(a); (obsolete); (b) a large badger, Arctonyx collaris, found in the forests of eastern Asia, having a long, mobile, piglike snout and dark facial stripes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger) > parts of

hog badger1611

swine-badger1688

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger)

sand-badger1873

sand bear1883

hog badger1962

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Taisson porchin, the hog Badger; is footed, and snowted like a swine.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 218 There are two Sorts of Badgers, viz. the Dog-Badger, as resembling the Dog in his Feet; and a Hog-Badger, as resembling a Hog in his cloven Hoofs.

1835 Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. I. 280/2 The dog-badger and hog-badger may both belong to the same litter, or the same individual may be a dog-badger one year and a hog-badger the next.

1962 M. Burton Syst. Dict. Mammals of World 166 Hog-Badger (Arctonyx collaris) replaces Meles meles in S.E. Asia; hog-like snout, roots in ground like a pig.

2004 Webactive 14 Oct. 118/1 Did you know that there [are] many different species of badger, including the stink badger, hog badger and ferret badger?

† hog-beetle n. Obsolete (a) a weevil (family Curculionidae); (b) a pill woodlouse, Armadillidium vulgare (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Curculionidae or genus Curculio > member of (weevil)

weevilc725

gurgolionc1420

boudc1440

malt boud1440

malt-worm1440

minta1500

weezela1533

kis1658

pope1658

pipe beetle1712

piper1712

hog-beetle1758

rhynchophore1875

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Arthostraca > order Isopoda > family Armadillilidae or genus Armadillo > member of

cheslip1530

millipede1612

pill millipede1815

hog-beetlec1830

pill bug1843

pill woodlouse1863

pill worm1882

1758 T. Flloyd & J. Hill tr. J. Swammerdam Bk. Nature ii. x. 125/1 I preserve also six species of Beetles with long necks and Hogs noses, which I therefore call flying Hogs, or Hog Beetles.

c1830 J. Clare Peterborough MS A49 in Nat. Hist. Prose Writings (1983) 74 Spiders will coil up their legs & lie still & the hog beetle will roll itself into a round ball & scarcely open if laid by a fire.

1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 895/1 In the hog-beetles, Curculionidæ,..the head is elongated forwards, and the mouth is situated at the extremity of a long rostrum or beak.

hog caterpillar n. U.S. the larva of an American hawk moth, the Virginia creeper sphinx ( Darapsa myron), which feeds on the leaves of Virginia creeper and grapevine.

ΚΠ

1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 229 The forepart of the body presents a resemblance to the head and snout of a hog. This suggested the generical name of Chœrocampa, or hog-caterpillar.

1901 M. C. Dickerson Moths & Butterflies ii. 238 A caterpillar that is very common in July and August on grape and Virginia creeper..is the so-called ‘Hog-caterpillar of the Vine’.

1993 R. H. Arnett Amer. Insects 598/1 D. myron (Cramer) (Virginia-creeper Sphinx; Grape-vine Sphinx; Hog Caterpillar).

hogchoke n. U.S. (now rare) = hogchoker n.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Soleidae (soles) > member of genus Achirus (hog-choke)

hogchoke1857

1857 Harper's Mag. Mar. 442 The refuse fish commonly taken (in North Carolina) are sturgeon..hog-choke, or flounder, lampreys, and common eels.

1911 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 63 15 Achirus fasciatus Lacépède. ‘Hog Choke’.

1995 W. H. Turner Chesapeake Boyhood (1997) 196 Most identifications of this bird's catch have shown menhaden, eel, ‘hogchoke’, or other fish of no commercial or sporting value.

hogchoker n. U.S. an American sole, Trinectes maculatus (family Achiridae), found off eastern coasts of the United States.

ΚΠ

1855 Smithsonian Inst. Rep. 1854 350 The New York Sole..is familiarly known at Beesley's point under the name of hog-choker, as when seized by the hogs it doubles itself up, and, filling the œsophagus, obstinately resists by the scabrous nature of its scales all effort on the part of the animal to swallow it.

1938 Ecol. Monogr. 8 341 Like other members of the order Heterosomata there was a great abundance of the hogchoker in September, 1932, both in Barataria Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xv. 268/1 The cynoglossid tonguefishes..[include] species that invade rivers (e.g., the hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus), as well as purely freshwater forms.

† hog-faced ape n. Obsolete rare = hog-ape n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon)

baboon?a1425

mancowea1500

babiona1529

hog-ape1608

bavian1678

hog-monkey1746

hog-faced ape1793

babuina1882

1793 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 3) I. 187 Hog-faced Ape, Simia Porcaria.

hogmolly n. North American either of two freshwater fishes of eastern North America: (a) = hogsucker n.; (b) the logperch, Percina caprodes (family Percidae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Catostomidae (suckers) > unspecified and miscellaneous types

sucker1753

jumping-mullet1767

buffalo-fish1774

buffalo1789

red horse1796

sucking carp1804

carpsucker1828

hogmolly1877

hogsucker1877

suckerel1888

hog mullet1889

1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 10 346 [Hypentelium nigricans] Water basin of the Etowah and Oostanaula... Known as the Hog-molly (Mullet), Crawl-a-bottom, and Hog Sucker.

1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. III.) 499 P. caprodes..Log Perch; Rock-fish; Hog-molly; Hog-fish.

1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 The hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans... It is also called hammerhead, hog molly, hog mullet, [etc.].

1983 G. C. Becker Fishes Wisconsin 907 Logperch—Percina caprodes... Other common names: zebra fish,..hogmolly.

† hog-monkey n. Obsolete rare = hog-ape n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon)

baboon?a1425

mancowea1500

babiona1529

hog-ape1608

bavian1678

hog-monkey1746

hog-faced ape1793

babuina1882

1746 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant: Suppl. vii. 92 Orang-Outangs; or, according to the literal Interpretation, Hog-Monkeys or Baboons. But, besides the Length and curled Fashion of their Tails, the very Shape and Attitude of the Animals themselves, shew them to be much nearer related..to the Hog, than to the Monkey Kind.

hog mouse n. (a) North American the bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis (obsolete rare); (b) English regional a shrew (genus Sorex) (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Soricidae > genus Sorex (shrew)

shrewc725

mygalea1382

ranny1559

shrewmouse1572

hardishrew1601

muset1601

earth-shrew1607

sorex1607

spitemouse1668

hog mouse1743

wight1795

thraw-mouse1825

saddleback1948

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Cricetidae

hog mouse1743

water rat1785

Norway lemming1829

Aspalax1860

1743 J. Isham Observ. Hudsons Bay (1949) 150 Mice here are Chiefly what they call in other parts hog mice, and are Very Numerious [sic] in the marshes grouting the ground with their nose, from which proceeds the name of hog mice.

1746 W. Ellis Agric. Improv'd I. May vii. 36 But it happened, that good Part of his Bean-crop was spoiled by Hog or Shrew-mice.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 330 Hogmouse, the shrew-mouse, or little snouted mouse. Mus araneus... The name has obviously been suggested from its long nose like a pig's.

1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 744 A neighbor..has..spoken of his experience with ‘hog mice’... He came to this country many years ago from Northamptonshire, England... This mythical rodent..has a head and face fashioned exactly like that of a hog.

hog mullet n. North American = hogsucker n.

ΘΚΠ

sucker1753

jumping-mullet1767

buffalo-fish1774

buffalo1789

red horse1796

sucking carp1804

carpsucker1828

hogmolly1877

hogsucker1877

suckerel1888

hog mullet1889

1889 Cent. Dict. Hog-molly, the hog-mullet or hog-sucker, Hypentelium nigricans.

1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 The hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans... It is also called hammerhead, hog molly, hog mullet, [etc.].

1983 G. C. Becker Fishes Wisconsin 678 Northern Hog Sucker—Hypentelium nigricans... Other common names:..hog mullet,..pugamoo.

hog-perch n. U.S. rare the logperch, Percina caprodes (family Percidae).

ΚΠ

1899 N.E.D. Hog-perch.

1905 Rep. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1904 600 Those I captured were a small perch (Perca flavescens), a related form sometimes known as log-perch or hog-perch (Percina caprodes), and a small minnow.

† hog-rabbit n. Obsolete the paca, Cuniculus paca.

ΚΠ

a1825 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVI. 793/2 They are sometimes called Hog Rabbits, and are natives of Brazil.

1852 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. (new ed.) 111/2 The spotted cavy (Cœlogenys paca)... Its shape is thick and clumsy, somewhat like that of a pig, for which reason it has been sometimes called the hog-rabbit.

† hog-rat n. Obsolete rare a hutia (genus Capromys).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Hystricomorpha (porcupine or guinea-pig) > [noun] > family Capromyidae (hutia)

pilori1763

musk cavy1771

muskrat1774

coypu1793

nutria1811

hutia1834

hog-rat1847

tree-rat1885

1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §147 Connecting the Rats with the Marmots is a curious animal of larger size, the Capromys or Hog-rat, which inhabits Cuba. This is a climbing, not a burrowing species..and feeds entirely on vegetable matter.

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. 80/2 Capromys, the hog-rat, a genus of rodent animals, different species of which are found in the West Indies.

hogsucker n. any of several suckers (fishes) of the genus Hypentelium (family Catastomidae), occurring in freshwater in eastern North America; esp. (more fully northern hogsucker) the widespread H. nigricans.

ΘΚΠ

sucker1753

jumping-mullet1767

buffalo-fish1774

buffalo1789

red horse1796

sucking carp1804

carpsucker1828

hogmolly1877

hogsucker1877

suckerel1888

hog mullet1889

1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 10 346 [Hypentelium nigricans] Water basin of the Etowah and Oostanaula... Known as the Hog-molly (Mullet), Crawl-a-bottom, and Hog Sucker.

1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 Hog suckers may easily be caught on worms or snared with a loop or hook as they lie quietly in shallow water.

1999 W. L. Heat Moon River Horse 22 How impoverished the river would be without stonerollers, horny-head chubs, comely shiners, margined madtoms, northern hogsuckers, [etc.].

hog tapir n. now rare either of two tapirs: (a) Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdii, found from Mexico to Ecuador; (b) the Malayan tapir, T. indicus.

ΚΠ

1880 F. L. Oswald Summerland Sketches iii. 90 A greater curiosity..was the tame porcasso, or hog-tapir, the fattest, laziest, and..the ugliest habitant of the Tierra Caliente.

1923 F. Burnett Summer Isles of Eden xviii. 140 The tiger, Malay bear, and the hog-tapir are fairly common, as well as several species of deer.

1956 A. Cuyas Appleton's Spanish–English Dict. (ed. 4) 426/1 Porcaso, hog tapir.

† hog-tick n. Obsolete rare the pig louse, Haematopinus suis.

ΚΠ

1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 685 The Hog-tick..is found only upon swine, and not universally even upon those animals.

e. In the names of plants chiefly eaten by, considered only fit for, or used as food for pigs.

hog apple n. North American the mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > podophyllum or May-apple

mayapple1731

duck's foot1755

Indian apple1833

hog apple1837

lime-plant1844

Podophyllum1844

mandrake1845–50

wild lemon1882

1837 W. Darlington Flora Cestrica (ed. 2) 318 Peltate Podophyllum... May Apple. Hog Apple.

1928 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 24 May 20/6 Podophyllum, or foot leaf... Its common names..are May Apple, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple and Mandrake.

2004 H. P. Loewer Jefferson's Garden 161 Because of their fruit, May-apples are also known as Devil's apple, hog apple, Indian apple and wild lemon.

hog-bed n. U.S. †(a) a moss, probably Polytrichum commune (obsolete rare); (b) the clubmoss Lycopodium complanatum; also called ground pine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > other mosses

golden maidenhair1578

polytrichon1578

bryon1597

maidenhair moss1597

mountain coralline1598

chalice-moss1610

purple bottle1650

water moss1663

fern-moss1698

hypnum1753

Mnium1754

rock tripe1763

feather-moss1776

scaly water-moss1796

screw moss1804

hog-bed1816

fringe-moss1818

caribou moss1831

apple moss1841

bristle-moss1844

scale-moss1846

anophyte1850

robin's rye1854

wall moss1855

fork-moss1860

thread-moss1864

lattice moss1868

robin-wheat1886

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns

dwarf cypress1548

heath-cypress1551

pine1551

wolf's-claw1578

club-moss1597

wolf-claw1597

wolf's-foot1597

tree-moss1611

Selagoa1627

cypress-moss1640

mountain moss1688

lycopodium1706

stag's horn (also staghorn) moss1741

walking fern1814

tod-tails1820

Robin Hood's hatband1828

resurrection plant1841

ground-pine1847

forks and knives1853

fir club-moss1855

lycopod1861

Selaginella1865

foxtail1866

stag-head or stag's head moss1869

fir-moss1879

hog-bed1900

1816 Analectic Mag. Mar. 260 Polytrichum yuccæfolium?—‘Hog-weed, or hog-bed. ambrosia.’ This really appears to be a moss.

1900 A. B. Lyons Plant Names 233 L. complanatum L. Europe, Asia, N. America, south to N. Carolina and Michigan. Trailing Christmas-green, Ground Cedar,..Ground, Hog-bed.

1952 Amer. Fern Jrnl. 42 145 Lycopodium complanatum L.:..Ground Pine, Hog-bed, Princess Pine, Running Cedar, Trailing Christmas-green.

hog grass n. (also hog's-grass) now rare any of various plants occurring chiefly as weeds in cultivated land; esp. knotweed, Polygonum aviculare, and sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus; cf. hogweed n. 1.

ΚΠ

1849 W. Raynbird & H. Raynbird On Agric. Suffolk 27 The skim-plough..does not choke..from the quantity of hog-grass or wireweed with which the stubbles are sometimes covered after harvest.

1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 262 Hog Grass, Senebiera Coronopus, Poir.—Warw.

1925 W. J. Malden Actual Farming II. iii. 77 Many barley soils are troubled with annual weeds such as goose-grass, charlock,..hog-grass (Polygonum aviculare), poppy, etc.

1941 Primitive Man 14 64 Chicorée, Hog Grass, Choctaw Grass,..(Sonchus oleraceus) (European).

† hog pea n. Obsolete the field pea, a cultivated variety of Pisum sativum; also grey hog pea; cf. hog-pease n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant

rouncival1570

garden pea1573

field pease1597

vale-grey1615

rose pea1629

hotspur1663

seven-year pea1672

rathe-ripe1677

huff-codc1680

pigeon pea1683

hog-pease1686

shrub pea1691

field pea1707

pea1707

crown pea1726

maple rouncival1731

marrowfat1731

moratto1731

pig pea1731

sickle-pea1731

hog pea1732

maple pea1732

marrow pea1733

black eye?1740

egg-pea1744

magotty bay bean1789

Prussian1804

maple grey1805

partridge pea1812

Prussian blue1822

scimitar1834

marrow1855

fill-basket1881

string-pea1891

mattar1908

vining pea1959

1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer: 2nd Pt. 50 In some Places, they cut up their Turf or Peat and burn it to Ashes to dress their Ground with. Here they drill and hough their Hog-peas.

1796 T. Jefferson Garden Bk. (1999) 250 I am trying the white boiling pea of Europe (the Albany pea) this year, till I can get the hog pea of England, which is the most productive of all.

1855 P. Neill Pract. Fruit, Flower & Veg. Gardener's Compan. 175 Of the Pea (Pisum sativum) there are two principal varieties cultivated in England, the Field or Gray Hog Pea, and the Garden Pea.

1875 Times 7 Dec. 7/5 Both hog peas and those for boiling were firm.

hog peanut n. North American a North American twining plant, Amphicarpaea bracteata (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)), having pink-purple flowers and fleshy, pea-shaped fruits.

ΚΠ

1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 96 Amphicarpæa... Hog Pea-nut.

1903 Indiana (Pa.) Progress 14 Jan. 7/2 A climbing vine in country places is the hog peanut. Its leaflets are three in number, rounded at the bottom.

2005 E. J. Czarapata Invasive Plants Upper Midwest 161 As its name implies, hog peanut is a member of the Legume family... It is quite common in woods where it sprawls along the ground.

† hog-pease n. Obsolete = hog pea n. (Chiefly with plural agreement or as a mass noun: cf. pease n. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant

rouncival1570

garden pea1573

field pease1597

vale-grey1615

rose pea1629

hotspur1663

seven-year pea1672

rathe-ripe1677

huff-codc1680

pigeon pea1683

hog-pease1686

shrub pea1691

field pea1707

pea1707

crown pea1726

maple rouncival1731

marrowfat1731

moratto1731

pig pea1731

sickle-pea1731

hog pea1732

maple pea1732

marrow pea1733

black eye?1740

egg-pea1744

magotty bay bean1789

Prussian1804

maple grey1805

partridge pea1812

Prussian blue1822

scimitar1834

marrow1855

fill-basket1881

string-pea1891

mattar1908

vining pea1959

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. iii. 212/2 There are several sorts, as the Green, the Gray, or Hog-pease.

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. vi. 39 Our Farmers, never fail to sow Hog-pease..for the great Service their Stalks do the Farmer, in supplying him with the best of Corn-fodder.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 183 A few hog-pease and some beans, are occasionally cultivated.

1860 J. Curtis Farm Insects 377 Marrowfat and early pease suffer most, hog-pease the least, from their attacks.

hog's bane n. (a) = henbane n. 1; †(b) the goosefoot Chenopodium murale (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > henbane

henbanea1300

henbell?a1350

hendwalea1400

close-wortc1450

symphonia1597

goose-bane1600

hog's bane1600

hog's bean1600

English tobacco1653

jusquiam1727

hyoscyamus1799

mountain hemp1882

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxiv. 150 If he haue eaten of henbane which ancient men haue called the hogs beane..he must be made to drinke the decoction of wilde cucumers.

1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 83/1 Hen-Bane, Hogs-Bane.

1835 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) 235 The common, or nettle-leaved, Goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) has also, we know not why, the name Sowbane, or Hogsbane.

1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hog's bane, the Chenopodium murale.

1909 O. Jones Ten Years of Game-keeping xviii. 286 I think he must have meant hog's-bane or henbane.

† hog's bread n. Obsolete any of several plants eaten by pigs, esp. the European cyclamen, Cyclamen europaeum (also called sowbread); cf. hog meat n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > cyclamen

earth applelOE

dill-nuta1450

swine-bread1526

rape violet1548

cyclamen?1550

sow-bread?1550

sow's bread1558

lady's seal1592

hog's bread1607

sow-wort1838

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 117 The same gall with a little hoggs-bread.

1679 W. Winstanley Country-man's Guide 88 If the Neck is swollen, and you are affraid of a Swelling with Matter and Filth, then open it with a red hot Iron, and put into the hole the Root of Hog's-bread, of Nettles, renewing oftentimes the same.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hogs~beans, Hogs-bread, and Hogs-fennel, several sorts of Herbs.

† hog's eye n. Obsolete rare any of various plants (chiefly of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae)) having flowers thought to resemble the eye of a pig.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > other composite plants

wild sagea1400

yellow devil's-bita1400

white golda1425

cotula1578

golden cudweed1597

golden tuft1597

rattlesnake root1682

Cape tansy?1711

hawkbit1713

ambrosia1731

cabbage tree1735

hog's eye1749

Osteospermum1754

ox-tongue1760

scentless mayweed1800

old man's beard1804

ox-eye1818

echinacea1825

sheep's beard1836

shepherd's beard1840

cat's-ear1848

goatweed1869

silversword1888

khaki bush1907

venidium1937

khaki bos1947

Namaqualand daisy1963

1749 J. Barrow Dict. Medicum Universale Hyophthalmos, Hog's eye. 1 A name for the Aster... 2 A name for a species of Achates.

1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hyophthalmus, the hog's eye plant, supposed to be the Buphthalmum spinosum, from the likeness of its flowers to a hog's eye.

hog's garlic n. rare the plant ramsons, Allium ursinum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > allium plants

allium1600

honey garlic1848

hog's garlic1884

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 64/1 Hog's-Garlic, Allium ursinum.

2005 J. Seidemann World Spice Plants 27/1 Allium ursinum. Common names..gipsy onion, hog's garlic, ramsons, [etc.].

hog-slip n. chiefly Caribbean (now rare) any of several climbing plants formerly used as food for pigs; cf. hog meat n. 1c.

ΚΠ

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 171 Hog-slip, this is a trailing herbaceous vine, cloathed with sharp-pointed leaves.

1855 H. G. Dalton Hist. Brit. Guiana II. 199/1 (table) Hog slip, or hog vine..Convolvulus umbellatus.

1952 in F. G. Cassidy & R. B. LePage Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) 227/2 Hog-slip, same as hog-meat.

† hogs madder n. Obsolete rare common ragwort, Jacobaea vulgaris.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ragwort

groundsela700

ragwortc1300

bunweeda1525

senecio1562

St. James's wort1578

rugwort1592

felon-weed1597

staggerwort1597

staverwort1597

yellow-weed1597

ragweed1610

swine's grassa1697

hogs madder1707

sea-ragwort1736

dog standard1767

Jacobaea1789

swinecress1803

benweed1823

fly-dod1826

mountain groundsel1830

cushag1843

fairies' horse1866

Oxford ragwort1884

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 187 For the Gargol in Hogs..Take Angelico, Rue, Staverwort, or Hogs Madder, and May-weed.

hog's potato n. (also hog potato) chiefly North American the Californian plant death camas, Zygadenus venenosus (family Melanthaceae), whose underground bulbs are eaten by pigs.

ΚΠ

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Potato, Hog's, Zygadenus venenosus.

1893 Nevada State Jrnl. 11 May 4/2 A closely allied species..is commonly known where found as ‘Death Camass’ and ‘Hog's Potato’.

1934 L. L. Haskin Wild Flowers Pacific Coast 35 Hogs..are not affected by the poison of the plant, and even appear to relish and thrive on it, which has given it among its common names that of ‘hog potato’.

2003 H. L. Barnes Lucky 246 Stella stood in her garden smoking and staring at a weed called hog's potato.

† hog's snout n. [after post-classical Latin rostrum porcinum (14th cent. in a British glossarial source)] Obsolete rare a plant (not identified: perhaps sowthistle or dandelion); cf. swine snout n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun]

smearwortc725

evenlesteneOE

hovec1000

hindheala1300

vareworta1300

falcc1310

holwort1350

spigurnela1400

rush?a1425

buck's tonguec1450

lich-walec1450

lich-wortc1450

vine-bind1483

finter-fanter?a1500

heartwood1525

wake-wort1530

Our Lady's gloves1538

bacchar1551

hog's snout1559

centron1570

lady's glove1575

sharewort1578

kite's-foot1580

Magdalene1589

astrophel1591

eileber1597

exan1597

blue butterflower1599

bybbey1600

oenothera1601

rhodora1601

shamefaced1605

mouse-foot1607

Byzantine1621

popinjay1629

priest's bonnet1685

Indian weed1687

foal-bit1706

shepherd's bodkin1706

bottle-head1714

walking leaf1718

French apple1736

bugleweed1771

night-weed1810

beggar-weed1878

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 367 The juice of Hamsig, Plantain,..Rostrum porcinum or Hogges snout.

hog's-succory n. (also hog succory) any of several plants of the genera Arnoseris and Hyoseris (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), esp. A. minima; also called lamb's succory.

ΚΠ

1845 P. N. Don Donn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis (ed. 13) 540 Hyoseris..Hog-succory.

1928 Amer. Botanist 34 9 From our ‘chickory’ or ‘true succory’, Arnoseris minima gets its name of ‘dwarf succory’ or ‘lamb's-’, ‘swine's-’ or ‘hog's-succory’.

hogwort n. †(a) a European plant, perhaps cow parsnip, Heracleum sphondylium (obsolete rare); (b) North American the plant woolly croton, Croton capitatus (formerly Heptalon graveolens; family Euphorbiaceae), found chiefly in the southern and eastern United States.Sense (a) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1805 T. Lewis Welsh-Eng. Dict. 209/1 Llyniau'r moch, hogwort.

1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 381/2 Hogwort, Heptallon graveolens.

1935 W. C. Muenscher Weeds 329 Hogwort. A native annual, frequently encroaching on sandy fields.

1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden iii. 56 The hogwort..is a splendid weed of precisely the sort I cannot resist, and through incredible good fortune I have been given two young plants.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hog
释义	hogn.¹ Brit. /hɒɡ/, U.S. /hɔɡ/, /hɑɡ/ Forms: Old English– hogg (now chiefly in sense 4a), Middle English–1500s hoge, Middle English–1600s hogge, Middle English– hog, late Middle English hoog, 1500s hoodge, 1500s–1600s hodge, 1800s hoeg (U.S. regional), 1800s– hawg (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 hogge, pre-1700 hoig, pre-1700 houg, pre-1700 1700s hoge, pre-1700 1700s– hog, pre-1700 1700s– hogg, 1800s hogue. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.Compare (probably < English) post-classical Latin hoggus hog, castrated boar (from 12th cent. in British sources), pig in its first or second year (c1270, 1357 in British sources), sheep in its second year (1248, c1450 in British sources). The Latin word thus antedates the English word in sense 4a, and probably implies earlier currency of the English word in this sense. The suggestion that Old English hogg was borrowed < Old Welsh huch pig, swine (Welsh hwch , now only in sense ‘sow’) or its cognate Old Cornish hoch (Middle Cornish hoch ; < the same Indo-European base as sow n.¹) is unlikely on phonological grounds, unless the word showed alteration in form as a result of association with the group of animal names in -cga , -gga listed at dog n.¹ A connection with hag v.¹, possibly as a borrowing from the same early Scandinavian base, has been suggested, on the assumption that the word referred originally specifically to a castrated animal, but this assumption appears far from certain from the recorded senses of the word, and there is also nothing in the context of early use to make a Scandinavian borrowing appear particularly likely. The early uses of this word, and of the majority of the early derivatives, suggest that it originally (as now) referred prototypically to a pig, and that the applications to various types of sheep and to other animals (as indeed to humans) show extended uses. All extended applications to humans allude to behaviour characteristic of a pig (or boar), and not of a sheep. Although it is notable that in post-classical Latin the derivatives hogerellus hoggerel n., hogaster hoggaster n., and hogettus hogget n. are all found as early as the 12th or early 13th centuries with reference to sheep, as is Anglo-Norman hogastre hoggaster n., only in the case of post-classical Latin hogerellus hoggerel n. is the word not also found applied to a pig at a similar date (see those entries). Assuming that these uses denoting sheep are extended uses, they may at least shed some light on precisely which sort of pig the word originally denoted. However, uses denoting both a young animal and an animal in its second year are found, with reference both to pigs and sheep (compare senses 3a, 4, 5, and Compounds 2c), and it therefore remains uncertain which age or condition of animal the word originally denoted. In Old English attested only in one text (see quot. OE at sense 1a) and apparently a strong masculine, although perhaps, like other animal names in -cga , -gga , originally a weak masculine (compare the place-name evidence below and discussion at dog n.¹). Apparently attested early as a byname and surname: Ailmer Hog (1079), Willelmo Hog (1174–80), Rogerus Hog (1198), Galfridus Hog (1250–1), etc.; and also as an element in place names, which provide evidence of both an Old English strong and weak form (respectively hocg and hocga); compare: Hocganclif, Bedfordshire (1014; now Hockliffe), Hochestone, Buckinghamshire (1086; now Hoggeston), Hocsaga, Buckinghamshire (1086; now Hogshaw), Hocgetwisle, Kent, now lost (c1125 in a copy of a charter of 995), Hocgestorp, Lincolnshire (1173–83; now Hogsthorpe), Hocgestun, Somerset, now lost (c1175 in a copy of a charter of c1000), Hocganfleot, Kent, now lost (13th cent. in a copy of a charter of 943), etc., although some of these examples may reflect an Old English personal name Hocg or Hocga, probably derived from the noun. I. With reference to pigs. 1. a. A domestic pig reared for slaughter; spec. a castrated male pig. Also more widely: any domestic pig. Cf. pig n.¹ 1a.The early application of the word is unclear. As a general word for a domestic pig, hog is now more frequent in American English than in British English.bacon, pork hog, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] swineOE hogOE grice?c1225 pig?a1425 pork?a1425 grunterc1440 gussie15.. grunting-cheat1567 snorter1601 sow's-baby1699 grumphie1786 piggy-wig1870 turf-hog1880 troughster1892 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > castrated or hog barrowc950 hogOE swine hog1381 barrow-pig1547 stag1784 mudlark1785 OE Farm Accounts, Ely in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 256 Æt Hafucestune xxx ealdra swyna & c hogga butun i; æ[t M]eldeburnan xxiij sugena. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 89 Of hare moder þe erþe, þet berþ and norysseþ azewel þe hogges, ase hy deþ þe kinges. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. l. 183 ‘Suffre hem lyue’, he seyde ‘and lete hem ete with hogges.’ 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 99 Whan hyt..wold haue buryed the body, he fonde hit an hogge or a swyne and not a man. 1483 Cath. Angl. 187/1 An Hogge, maialis, est enim porcus carens testiculis. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xviii. lxxxvii. sig. ffv/1 Hogges bothe male & female haue lykynge to ete Akernes for it tempreth theyr flesshe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 231/2 Hogge, porc, porceau. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Hogge called a barrow hogge or galt, maias... Hogge ungelt, verres. 1646 in M. Cash Devon Inventories 16th & 17th Cent. (Devon & Cornwall Record Soc.) (1966) 11 81 For three hodges £20. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 158 A dish of Truffles, which is a certaine earth-nut, found out by an hogg, train'd up to it. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 186 The spay'd Gelts..they esteem the most profitable, because of the great Quantity of Fat that they have upon their Inwards more than the Hogs. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 354 It is remarkable, that in the Milanese all the hogs are black. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 190 Hogs will thrive very fast when fed on it [sc. parsnip], and will leave any other food to attack it. 1877 S. O. Jewett Deephaven 133 I like to see a han'some hog. Chester White, you said? Consider them best, don'y ye? 1906 L. L. Lamborn Mod. Soaps iii. 44 Two grades of neutral lard are made—one from the leaf, the other from the back fat of the hog. 1941 E. B. White One Man's Meat 180 There is considerable doubt at this writing that my hog has been bred, although she has been keeping company. 1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (News Review section) 3/3 The expression on his chubby face..was rather too close to that of a hog anticipating a trough of avocados. b. The flesh of a pig used as food; pork, bacon. In later use chiefly U.S. (colloquial), esp. in hog and hominy. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] swine flesheOE porkc1300 baconc1330 brawn1377 pig1381 pork flesh?a1425 boara1475 gricea1475 hog flesh1528 hog meat1573 grunting-peck1699 hog1744 pigmeat1754 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 126 Others, of a meaner sort, he hath put off, by saying, that ‘he was bred to drink Wine, and eat Hog, and intended to do so still’. 1776 W. Hooper in Lett. James Murray (1901) 239 That I might enjoy in my own Cabin, eat my Hogg & Hominee without anything to make me afraid. 1799 Missionary Voy. S. Pacific Ocean xi. 143 The women are not allowed to eat hog. 1816 Massachusetts Spy 10 Jan. [If a man] can be content with hog and hommany, he can live easier in Ohio. 1845 Graham's Mag. Dec. 280/2 ‘I niver eats only twice of a day’, replied the hunter without a smile, or moving a muscle of his face. ‘And I niver eats hog, nohow’. 1854 T. B. Thorpe Hive of Bee Hunter 81 I can give you plenty to eat; for, besides hog and hominy, you can have bear-ham and bear-sausages. 1908 G. W. Cable Kincaid's Battery xlii. 223 In the last week he had eaten ‘hog and hominy’, and sipped cornmeal coffee, in lofty colloquy with Sidney Johnston and his ‘big generals’. 1992 F. Burroughs River Home iii. 85 ‘Hog and hominey's our food here in the piny woods’, said Mr. Edge, as his wife invited us to the little table. 2. With distinguishing word. a. Any of various animals unrelated to the pig that are said to resemble it in some way, as the hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus), the aardvark ( Orycteropus afer), and the capybara ( Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris).earth, ground, herring, sea, water-hog, etc.: see the first element. See also hedgehog n. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 66 Þe þorn-hog þet ys al ywryȝe myd prikyinde eles. a1450 Fysshynge w. angle (1883) 2 Wen he wenyt hyt be a hare ful often hit ys a heyghoge. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Marsouin, a sea hog. 1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 10 Here likewise we saw many Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, hunting the scholes of Herrings. 1729 Dampier's Voy. III. 400 The River-Hog [of Central America] feeds on Grass and divers Fruits, can swim and dive well. 1788 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) (at cited word) Of this genus are the common hog, the Guinea hog or Porcus Guineensis, the Mexican musk hog or Tajacu, the hydrochæris or Capybara, and the Babyroussa. 1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 125 Only one species is known of this genus..which the Dutch colonists style the Ground Hog. 1896 tr. Boas' Text-bk. Zool. 524 The Sea-hog or Porpoise (Phocæna communis). 1965 Sci. News 17 July 44/3 Known as ant-bear, earth hog and Isambane, the aardvark holds special place in almost all dictionaries. 1993 L. Blomfield in B. Johns Old Dogs Remembered (1999) 97 A female racoon..will share a ground hog hole with the owner. b. Any of various wild members of the pig family ( Suidae) or the peccary family ( Tyassuidae).Indian, Mexican, musk, red river, wart-hog, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > genus Dicotyles > peccary pickery1460 hog1644 peccary1667 musk hog1683 1644 W. Castell Short Discov. Coasts & Continent Amer. 43 It [sc. Tobago] is constantly reported by the Dutch..as having good store of Indian Hogs and Armadillos. 1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 237/1 Babyrossa, in zoology, the porcus indicus, or indian hog. 1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 72 Hog... Mexican... Tajacu... Mexican musk hog. 1856 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. IV. 964 Aelian's Wart-Hog is a native of the North of Africa. 1860 Chambers's Encycl. (at cited word) The Bush Hog of South Africa..is about two feet six inches high, covered with long bristles. 1879 J. M. Ross Globe Encycl. VI. 159 The Sus scrofa or wild boar, the Sus indicus or Indian hog, and the Sus babirusa or Babyroussa hog, the Peccaries, and Wart hogs are the best known. 1937 J. F. Dobie in J. F. Dobie & M. C. Boatright Straight Texas 23 The name Pecos seems to be a corruption of Puerco (Hog), Spaniards probably having seen some javelinas, ‘Mexican hogs’, on the river. 1947 V. H. Cahalane Mammals N. Amer. 10 The human hunter..can only tell that one or more ‘musk hogs’ have gone by. 1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. viii. 248/1 Pigs occur in the rain-forest and two are present in Africa: the bush pig or red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus ),..and the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni ). 2006 Ireland's Own Feb. 49/2 The wart hog is an African pig which gets its name from the three pairs of large ‘warts’ between the tusks and the eyes! 3. †a. A male wild boar, Sus scrofa, in its second year. Cf. hoggaster n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > of specific age or size sanglier?a1400 hog1486 singular1486 sounder1823 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. eiij The fyrst yere he [sc. the boar] is A pygge..The secunde yere an hogge. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 236 A Bore is the first yeare a Pigge, the second an Hogge, the third a Hogsteare, the fourth a Bore, and the fifth yeare a Singuler, or (as I would thinke more properly spoken) a Sanglier, according to the French worde. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iii. v. 75 The Wild-Boar is called the first year a Pig of the Sounder, the second a Hog, the third a Hogs-steer, and the fourth a Boar, at which Age, if not before, he leaveth the Sounder. b. The wild boar, Sus scrofa; (also) an animal of this species, taken as including the domesticated forms. Cf. swine n. 1a.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) hoga1513 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxxix^v The Catte, the Ratte, and Louell our dogge Rulyth all Englande vnder a hogge. 1732 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide for Improvem. of Cattle (ed. 2) 109 The Bantam-Hogs, and the African Hogs from whence those of Hartfordshire are derived. 1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 19 The hog is certainly the most impure and filthy of all quadrupeds. 1807 T. Williamson Oriental Field Sports (1808) I. 34 In grass covers a hog is often started, hunted, and killed, without being seen till he is dead. 1835 W. Swainson On Nat. Hist. Quadrupeds 224 It is generally supposed..that the wild hog, or boar, is the origin of our domestic swine. 1879 J. Le Conte Elements Geol. (new ed.) 508 The Artiodactyls always have their toes in pairs; there may be only two toes, as in Anoplothere and in Ruminants; or four as in the Hog and the Hippopotamus. 1950 W. E. Carroll & J. L. Krider Swine Production vi. 83 The Tamworth is..the oldest of domesticated breeds of hogs. 2005 New Yorker 12 Dec. 77/2 Wild hogs can rip up many acres of newly planted pine seedlings in a night. II. With reference to sheep or other farm animals. 4. Now chiefly in form hogg. Chiefly British. a. A young sheep from the time it is weaned until its first shearing; (also) a yearling sheep. Cf. hogget n. 2. Also with distinguishing word.ewe, lamb, pur, shear, tup, wether-hog, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by age hog1306 ewe-hog1531 tup-hog1591 one shear1614 1306 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 178 Eodem die recepit..centum hoggys. 1310 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 2 (MED) Item de multonibus, ovibus, et hogges ixXX et X. 1350 in W. Greenwell Bp. Hatfield's Surv. (1857) 226 Hogs et Jercs. Et de x hogs et jercs de remanentibus... Et remanent vj hogs et jercs. 1381 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 4 vii Ewen and vii Rames and xlvii hogges. 1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 326 Item, taken a-way vppon Drayton grounde at on tyme by the baylly of Cossey and othere, cc shepe callyd hoggys. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 145 Of xv hogys Fond I bot oone ewe. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 53 Ȝouis and lammis..and mony herueist hog. 1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. C3 The Sheepheard he would..talke of his Rammes and his Weathers, of his Ewes and his Lambs, his hogs and his sheerlings. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 38 A Hog, a Sheep of a year old; used also in Northampton and Leicester shires, where they also call it a Hoggrel. 1732 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide (ed. 2) 12 I have seen those of a year old..which we call Hogs, or Hoggets, bring Lambs. 1767 Compl. Grazier xxix. 149 As to the distinguishing characters of sheep; at a year old they are called hogs, hoggets, or hogards. 1859 Puketoi Station Diary (Hocken Libr. MS.) 11 Nov. Finished drafting wethers which were put accross [sic] Wedderburn... Number including hogs about 1540. 1867 Gainsborough News 23 Mar. 200 lambed and in~lamb ewes and gimmers, 200 he hogs, 140 she hogs. 1899 Daily News 21 Apr. 7/4 North hoggs and Yorkshire Wold hoggs are becoming scarce. 1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 1804 An outbreak of pining occurred among ewes and hoggs on the same hill farm. 1963 Times 13 May 16/7 In six lamb crops, starting as a hogg, she has produced and reared 20 lambs. 2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 47/3 I took most of the hoggs to Exeter store market, where 106 mule whether lambs averaged £29. b. The fleece or wool shorn from such a sheep. Now rare. Cf. hog fleece n., hog wool n. at Compounds 2c.Sometimes perhaps representing a shortening of hog fleece or hog wool. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > fleece > [noun] > types of shearling1481 wool1495 hog wool1653 hog1824 fallen fleece1867 shirling1869 yearlings1888 1824 Derby Mercury 4 Aug. He concluded by offering his wool (three-fifths Hog) at 50s. which was accepted. 1852 Newcastle Courant 16 July 5/2 A few lots of mixed bred wool, rather more hogg than ewe, sold at 28s., and all hogg at 29s. per stone. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 259/2 The fleeces shorn from sheep which have not previously been shorn as lambs, are called hogs or tegs..‘hog’ applies properly to the first shorn fleece of any long-stapled wool. 1884 York Herald 26 Aug. 7/3 The trade in wool remains firm..all hog made from 11s. to 12s. 3d. per stone. 1923 Times 20 June 23/3 Prices averaged about 4d. per lb more than last year. The top value was 21¼d. for Shropshire; Hampshire made 23¼d..long wool hogg. 1s. †5. Any of various other farm animals of a year old. Obsolete. rare. Cf. hog bull n., hog colt n. at Compounds 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock > of specific age hog1775 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Hog, a bullock of a year old. 1878 Wilts. Archaeol. Mag. 17 303 The word hog is now applied to any animal of a year old, such as a hog bull, a chilver hog sheep. III. Applied to a person. Cf. pig n.¹ II. 6. derogatory. a. A person likened to a pig in being unpleasant, self-indulgent, greedy, dirty, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > animal sensuality > swinish quality or behaviour > swinish person swinec1175 swine headc1405 hog?c1430 hogshead?1518 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] mesela1400 scabbardc1440 slotterbugc1440 drivel1498 sow1508 wallydraigle?a1513 sloven1530 filthy1553 ketterela1572 slabberer1611 slubberdegullion1612 Grobian1621 slabberdegullion1653 slobber-chops1670 slate1718 haverel1720 slobberer1732 slummock1760 fleabag1805 slush1825 slob1876 trashbag1887 crumb1918 garbage can1925 hog1932 crud1940 sordid1959 grot1970 ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 243 (MED) He schal be holde a nyggard, an hound, or an hoog, an ypocrite & an heretik. a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 171 Thus arn they hogges, and drynkyn wele ataunt, Ffare wele, Flemynge. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. Kiv^v Ye haue been so veraie a hog, To my frends. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 225 Thou eluish markt abortiue rooting hog. a1633 Epigrammes xxxiii. 61 Blush to haue beene so long seduced (if thou be a Protestant) by such a hogg. 1698 T. Dilke Pretenders iii. 28 I think he is a Hog, a meer Hog; who do you think would be troubled with his moroseness? 1727 J. Gay Molly Mog viii Who follows all ladies of pleasure, In pleasure is thought but a hog. 1745 tr. A. R. Le Sage Day's Work Fates 14 A great Hog of an Epicure, has just dream't that he was at Table. 1858 C. B. Seymour Self-made Men 487 The governor was a greedy hog, and had laid up stores of nice things for himself, while his poor companions were starving and rotting around him. 1890 W. Besant Demoniac ii. 20 ‘I am a hog! I am a hog!’ he said..‘I made no resistance; I drank because I was thirsty’. 1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 20 If I ever again have reason to suspect cruelty on this station and can sheet it home to anyone, I shall pound the hog responsible to jelly! 1932 R. Gillmore Ebony Bed Murder 152 The old man was a dirty hog, but he was right where he said he was at the time of the murder in here. 1996 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Dec. w15 I know that the outside world thinks we're greedy hogs. As I see it, this is our chance to do some good for society and give something back. b. Originally U.S. Chiefly with modifying word: a person who appropriates or monopolizes something in a greedy and selfish manner. Cf. hog v.¹ 7b.Originally and chiefly in road hog n.; see also air hog n. at air n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > inconsiderateness > person hedgehog1597 hog1888 1888 N.Y. Times 25 Mar. 4/5 ‘Road hogs’—every horseman knows there are such creatures. 1906 Daily Chron. 2 Feb. 7/3 Showing to the astounded heathens (save the word) the latest game of ‘hog-amok’. 1920 O. S. Marden Heading for Victory 184 We are all familiar with public hogs, especially the ‘end seat hog’, who gets on a car, takes his seat on the outside end and compels everyone who boards the car after him to stumble over his feet to get past him to a seat. 1928 Daily Mail 25 July 17/4 So far we have met no ‘canal hogs’. 1942 Topeka (Kansas) Capital 16 May 7/2 The Office of Price Administration made things unpleasant for ‘gas hogs’ tonight. 1998 New Yorker 24 Aug. 28/1 This iron-lunged, chest-pounding, French-Canadian microphone hog is now the most successful recording artist of the past two years. 2006 M. H. Goodwin Hidden Life of Girls iii. 98 The girls were concerned with how fairly boys treated them in sports; they did not like..‘ball hogs’, boys who refused to pass the ball to girls during soccer. 7. (A nickname for) a member of St John's College, Cambridge. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > member of university > [noun] > (former) specific university or college mountainer?a1425 Cantabrigianc1540 Oxonianc1540 Sorbonist1560 Oxford man1590 Oxfordian1645 Johnian1655 hog1690 Harvardian1702 squil1721 Cantab1751 king's man1751 Wadhamite1760 Princetonian1807 Brunonian1829 merchant tailor1829 Trinitarian1852 houseman1868 polytechnician1871 Mertonian1883 Cheltonian1887 Girtonian1887 Girtonite1894 Newnhamite1896 woman1896 normalien1904 Somervillian1904 Orangeman1908 Tab1914 Ivy Leaguer1943 Oxbridgean1959 plate-glasser1968 Yalie1969 1690 A. de la Pryme Diary (1870) i. 20 For us Jonians are called abusively hoggs. 1740 in Coll. Hist. Pieces xxxviii. 105 in F. Peck Mem. Life & Actions O. Cromwell It is hard to break a hog of an old custom: especially a Jonian hog. 1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 i. 22/1 The Johnian hogs were originally remarkable, on account of the squalid figures and low habits of the students. 1840 Gentleman's Mag. 6 214 The ghosts of the hogs, as the Johnians are generally termed, from a boar being the crest of the college, were more uproarious than the ghosts of Trinity. 1890 C. Whibley In Cap & Gown xxvii Perhaps..Johnians were only called ‘Hogs’ because they were fond of good living. 2001 C. Stray in J. Smith & C. Stray Teaching & Learning in 19th-Cent. Cambr. 37 Shilleton was at Trinity College and his opponent belonged to St John's, whose members were commonly nicknamed ‘hogs’. †8. Printing slang. = pig n.¹ 6. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printer > [noun] printer?1492 presser1545 imprinter1552 pressman1578 typographer1643 hog1732 typograph1737 pig1806 hand pressman1842 typographist1851 1732 Grub-St. Jrnl. 30 Oct. The compos'tors are called asses by the press-men, by way of return for their calling them hogs. IV. Other uses. †9. A fish (not identified). Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1620 perhaps: a porpoise; cf. sea-hog n. 1. In quot. 1702 perhaps: an anglerfish; cf. frog n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 1620 R. Whitbourne Disc. & Discov. New-found-land 11 The Seas likewise all along the Coast, doe plentifully abound in other sorts of fish, as Whales..Herring, Hogs, Porposes, Seales, and such like royall fish. 1702 W. Dampier et al. Coll. Voy. (1729) III. 413 The Horned-Hog. A small flat Fish, with a Horn on his Head, notcht on one Side only. 10. Nautical. A sort of broom or scrubbing-brush for cleaning the bottom of a ship. Now rare (chiefly historical). Cf. hog v.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > scouring, scrubbing, or rubbing > [noun] > implement for scouring or scrubbing > brush rubbing brush1530 hog1669 scrub-broom1675 scrubbing-brush1681 wire brush1686 scrub1687 scrubber1911 toilet brush1917 bog brush1982 1669 T. Allin Jrnl. 23 Aug. (1940) (modernized text) II. 108 I sent away the ketch to take in spart to make hogs. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Goret, a hog, or large brush to scrub the ship's bottom under water. 1823 Encycl. Britannica X. 554/1 They fit to this broom a long staff with two ropes; one of which is used to thrust the hog under the ship's bottom, and the other to guide and pull it up again close to the planks. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hog, a kind of rough, flat scrubbing broom, serving to scrape a ship's bottom under water. 2000 R. Mayne Lang. Sailing 146 Hog, a large brush of birch twigs between two planks, for scrubbing a ship's bottom. 2004 C. H. Gilliland Voy. to Thousand Cares 157 ‘Hogging’ involved cleaning the ship's bottom by looping a line under the bottom form one side to the other, with a clumped-up piece of old canvas (the ‘hog’) attached. 11. a. slang (British, New Zealand, and Irish English). A shilling. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > shilling s.1387 solidus?a1475 shilling1533 teston1543 twelvepence1563 bord1567 twelvepenny piece1594 sh.1607 hog1673 twelver1699 she-lion1744 grunter1785 twalpenny worth1786 bob1789 pega1790 tower shilling1800 little shilling1826 deaner1839 rogue and villain1857 stag1857 hole1934 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 55 Shilling, Bord or Hog. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Fence Fence his Hog, to Spend his Shilling. 1725 New Canting Dict. Half a Hog, Six-Pence. 1799 W. Cobbett Detection Conspiracy by United Irishmen 5 The cant of the pick-pockets, according to which a hog means a shilling, a pig, sixpence, and so on. 1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui iii, in Tales Fashionable Life I. 69 ‘A hog to drink my health?’ ‘Ay, that is a thirteen, plase your honour; all as one as an English shilling.’ 1830 W. Clarke 3 Courses & Dessert 414 What's half-a-crown and a shilling? A bull and a hog. 1908 N.Z. Truth 28 Nov. 7 Aschoo, or Asher..was charged with ‘mischief’—smashing a window and doing damage to the extent of eight ‘hog’. 1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 These..are some of the cant words now used in London... A hog—a shilling. A sprowsie—sixpence. 1966 B. Naughton Alfie vii. 47 I'm handing over a fiver and three single pound notes, and all I get is thirteen hog change. 1992 Lawyers Weekly (Nexis) 10 July ‘Tip me a hog’ meant ‘Give me a shilling’. †b. U.S. slang. A ten-cent piece. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > North American coins > U.S. quarter dollar1615 bit1683 quarter1776 cent1782 dollar1785 dime1786 eagle1786 half-dollar1786 half-eagle1786 sharpshin1804 picayune1805 caser1825 pic1839 double eagle1849 slug1851 hog1859 pine tree money1859 martin bita1884 meter1940 1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 42 Hogg, a ten-cent piece. 12. Curling. a. = hog line n. Now rare. [Origin uncertain. Compare quot. 1808 at sense 12b; if that explanation is correct, sense 12b was probably the earlier. Compare also hog line n., hog score n.] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > area of ice > distance line hoga1772 hog score1787 score1862 hog line1891 a1772 J. Graeme Curling in Poems (1773) 39 His opponent is glad, Yet fears a sim'lar fate, while ev'ry mouth Cries, Off the hog. 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 274 Sweeping is not allowed until the stone comes over the hogg, unless by the person who played it. 1853 W. Watson Poems 63 Stan' back at the hog wi' a besom. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 258 It [sc. a stone] must be over the Hog, but must not touch the Stone to be guarded. 1904 J. Kerr Curling in Canada & U.S. xii. 531 Their push was not sufficient to carry the stones over the hog. 1968 Winnipeg Free Press 6 Mar. 54/1 All he needed..was to place a stone on the centre line anywhere over the hog. b. A stone which fails to cross the hog line and hence is not considered to be in play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > stone as played hog1808 forehand stone1825 ringer1825 guard1830 pot-lid1853 rider1891 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hog, in the diversion of curling, the name given to a stone which does not go over the distance score... It seems to be denominated from its laziness, and hence the distance-line is called the hog-score. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (1859) 512 Every stone to be considered a hog which does not clear a square placed upon the score. 1954 Amer. Speech 29 144 The best he could do was to associate it with the Scottish game of curling, in which the stone used is sometimes referred to as a ‘hog’. 1976 Alyn & Deeside Observer 10 Dec. 5/2 A stone not clearing the ‘hog-score’, a line seven yards from the tee, is called a ‘hog’ and removed from the rink. 2001 B. Weeks Curling for Dummies viii. 92 Every stone to be deemed a hog, the sole of which, when at rest, does not completely clear the length. †13. Papermaking. A revolving paddle which stirs the paper pulp in the vat to prevent it settling. Also called agitator. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > stirrer hog1807 1807 Cobb Specif. Patent 3084 2 Agitators or hogs..are placed in the said vats to keep the pulp duly suspended. 1834 A. Ure Dict. Arts II. 933 Fig. 788. is an upright longitudinal section, representing the machine in its most complete state... G is the hog, or agitator in the vat. †14. In hop-drying: a metal plate suspended above the fire in order to spread the heat more evenly. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > utensils for hop-drying oastcloth1388 oast-hair1562 beguel1737 hog1848 scuppet1892 1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 570 It is a very good precaution..to have horses or hogs (as these plates, resting upon open brickwork, are called) over the fires, when there are three to the same space. 15. Originally and chiefly U.S. slang. Any of various means of transport. a. U.S. Railways slang. A railway locomotive, esp. a particularly powerful one used for hauling freight. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > used for heavy (freight) trains Mogul1877 decapod1888 hog1888 Shay1894 1888 Walla Walla (Washington) Union 24 Nov. 3/4 The ‘hog’ will haul nine loaded cars up the heavy Alto grade, while the ordinary road engine had a hard tussel to haul four or five. 1903 Sci. Amer. 23 May 392/2 In anthracite drifts steam locomotives of a small and peculiar type known as ‘hogs’ haul the trains. 1960 Listener 18 Aug. 250/2 A steam locomotive is a ‘hog’ or ‘pig’. 1973 Urban Life & Culture 1 374 ‘Hog’ now generally refers to any locomotive. 2003 J. Pryke Steam Locomotive Projects & Ideas 65/3 I left the weathering quite prominent to make my engine look like a well-used freight hog during the transition period. b. U.S. slang (in African-American usage). A large, luxurious car; esp. a Cadillac.Common in the 1960s and 1970s. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > large, old-fashioned boat1910 hog1960 1960 C. Cooper Scene xxiv. 256 Yeah, I got a Hog..a Cadillac. 1971 Black Scholar Jan. 41/1 He bought him a ‘Hog’ with all the accessories on it. Man, this Cadillac had air horns, white-walls, [etc.]. 1974 V. E. Smith Jones Men xii. 115 That's all they got to do, ride round in the Hogs and talk shit. 2007 T. Boyd Guide to Super Fly '70s 33 [He] stands in front of his prize hog, better known as a tricked-out Cadillac Eldorado. c. U.S. Military slang. Frequently with capital initial. Any of various models of aircraft. ΚΠ 1961 L. G. Richards TAC ix. 149 The Hog's cruising speed [was] 450 knots. 1969 H. Searls Hero Ship 149 I got ten thousand hours..in them things. Fighters,..hogs, flying boats—everything but balloons. 1988 Naval Hist. (Electronic ed.) 2 The ‘Hog’ was armed with four rocket pods, each containing 19 white phosphorus rockets. 2003 Air & Space Power Jrnl. 17 27 Such systems are widely fielded—but not on the A-10. The Hog's dual-rail adapter..could accommodate such a system. d. slang (originally U.S.) A large, powerful motorcycle; spec. a Harley-Davidson.A proprietary name in the United Kingdom. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motorcycle > [noun] > powerful hog1965 superbike1968 1965 Sat. Evening Post 20 Nov. 35/2 (caption) A motorcycle is a ‘hog’... The Harley-Davidson 74 is the favorite. 1967 W. Murray Sweet Ride vii. 112 The heat was on so bad we couldn't ride our bikes... Get on our hogs and them mothers'd pick us up. 1971 P. L. Cave Chopper v. 45 Pulling away, he swung the hog round in a wide U-turn and went after Ethel. 1979 D. Gram Foxes xiv. 107 Ten or eleven hogs—Harleys and big Hondas—flashed along in single, double and triple file. 1992 Premiere Apr. 34/1 My hog is the most beautiful police bike on Earth, and the fifth or fifteenth fastest basically stock Harley in L.A. 2008 Evening Times (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 May 42 Press test bikes don't get the care dedicated Harley owners usually give their hogs. 16. In a timber-processing plant: a machine with rotary cutters that is used to convert waste wood into chips, esp. for fuel. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > other equipment bunk1770 headworks1823 rutter1897 hog1898 choker1905 spud1914 stumping powder1921 1898 Lumber Trade Jrnl. 1 Jan. 31 (advt.) The big slab grinding hog for grinding up slabs, edgings and mill refuse into fuel. 1969 Timber Trades Jrnl. 29 Nov. 57/3 Waste blocks..are often chuted..on to a conveyor which automatically takes them to a refuse hog. 1993 Canad. Forest Industries Mar. 3/11 With a hog..the heart of the machine is a rotor, which is anywhere from a third to half the total weight of the machine. 17. Shipbuilding. Short for hog piece n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > connecting timber binding1626 bind1803 hog piece1844 deck-hook1850 hog1948 1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 341/1 Hog, see hog piece. 1977 Mariner's Mirror 73 44 He looked upon a hog as a way of eking out timber to make a rabbeted keel. 1989 P. Goodwin Bomb Vessel Granado (2005) 12/1 The hog..was laid longitudinally along the top of the keel; its upper surface was scored to receive the floor timbers of the frames. 1994 Weekend Times 13 Aug. 10/6 The hog, the backbone of the boat, to which the keel is attached, was found to be split. Phrases Phrases and proverbs. P1. to cast pearls before hogs (and variants) : to offer or give a good or valuable thing to a person who is incapable of appreciating it. See to cast pearls before swine at pearl n.¹ 2c. [In allusion to Matthew 7:6.] ΚΠ c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. l. 10 Noli mittere, Margeri perles Among hogges þat han hawes at heore wille. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hii^v Cast nat your perles before hogges. 1673 J. Milton Sonnets xii, in Poems (new ed.) 56 But this is got by casting Pearl to Hoggs. 1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 63 Give not Pearls to the Hogs. 1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. 118 I begun to think that Scripter was about right when they tell us not to fling pearls to the hogs. 1994 tr. D. Mitra in K. M. George Mod. Indian Lit. 50 To speak to me is like throwing pearls at a hog's feet. P2. to bring one's hogs to a fair market (and variants): see market n. 1d. P3. †to lose a hog for a halfpennyworth of tar (and variants). Obsolete. [Apparently showing sense 4, with allusion to the practice of smearing sheep with tar in the winter to help destroy parasites in the wool.] ΚΠ 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer vii. 239 We are so greedy, that we will not spare,To save the hogge, one farthing worth of tarre. 1673 J. Phillips Maronides vi. 22 And judge you now what fooles those are, Will lose a Hog for a ha'p'orth o' tar. 1705 J. Spruel in J. Smith Mem. Wool (1747) II. 66 So as the Proverb is verified, many a Time, we lose the Hog for the Halfpenny. ?1735 ‘R. Nab’ Addr. Batchelors Great Brit. 62 I think..that Man deserves Confinement, who loses an Hog for an hap'worth of Tar. 1826 A. Henderson Pract. Grazier iii. 186 I am persuaded that one trial, if a severe winter, will be a satisfactory proof of its [sc. the practice of smearing sheep with tar to kill vermin] utility, and that in future they will not lose the hog for the halfpenny worth of tar.] P4. colloquial (originally North American) to go the whole hog: to do something completely, thoroughly, or fully. [Origin uncertain. Perhaps arising from the following verses, which relate a supposed dispute among Muslims about which specific part of a pig dietary restrictions applied to: 1782 W. Cowper Poems I. 320 But for one piece they thought it hard From the whole hog to be debarr'd; And set their wit at work to find What joint the prophet had in mind. 1782 W. Cowper Poems I. 321 Thus, conscience freed from ev'ry clog, Mahometans eat up the hog. Many other explanations have been suggested, e.g.:1852 Househ. Words 31 July 474/1 When a Virginian butcher kills a pig, he is said to ask his customers whether they will ‘go the whole hog’, as, in such case, he sells at a lower price than if they pick out the prime joints only.A connection with sense 11a has also been suggested.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > act in thoroughgoing manner to go the whole hog1825 to go the whole figure1831 to go the whole (also entire, etc.) animal1833 to go for the doctor1907 1825 Louisville (Kentucky) Public Advertiser 28 May 2/4 A warm partisan..who was every way capable, in their own language, to ‘go the whole hog round’. 1826 J. Kerr Rip Van Winkle i. iii. 25 Terrapin! Ah! Dame, I leaves you to go the whole hog. 1839 Times 11 Apr. 4/1 If so, let him ‘go the whole hog’ in candour. 1876 W. H. G. Kingston Hist. Brit. Navy 533 Russia has gone the whole hog, and has now produced two circular monitors. 1929 S. Anderson in Mercury Story Book 234 I went the whole hog. 1973 Times 28 Mar. 4/4 He does not go the whole hog with his father in his belief in the arcane and ancient mysteries of [bacon-]smoking. 2006 Daily Tel. 21 Apr. 28/5 Where Numan has often dabbled in eyeliner-caked industrial rock of the Marilyn Manson variety, Jagged goes the whole hog and embraces goth..in all its cod-Wagnerian pomp. P5. Originally and chiefly North American. what can you expect of a hog but a grunt (and variants). ΚΠ 1842 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 13 Jan. The above is in the Advertisers' handsomest style. It seems easy and natural—‘for,’ (as the saying is..) ‘what more can you expect of a hog than a grunt’. 1882 Handbk. Prov. 166 What can you expect of a hog but his bristles? 1922 E. Van Dyne Mary Louise & Josie O'Gorman vii. 83 ‘Well,’ she added philosophically: ‘What kin you expect from a hog but a grunt?’ 2002 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Nov. 19 As for the rest of the Liberals: ‘What can you expect from a hog—except it will grunt’. P6. hog on ice n. chiefly U.S. colloquial (the type of) an awkward, uncontrolled, or insecure person or thing; chiefly in similes; esp. as independent as a hog on ice (humorous and frequently ironic): determinedly or stubbornly independent. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > obstinate or stubborn person obstinate1435 mumpsimus1530 obstinant1581 ram-head1605 sitfast1606 stiff-stander1642 obduratea1665 ironface1697 sturdy1704 stiffrump1709 sturdy-boots1762 stickfast1827 impracticable1829 mule1846 bullet-head1848 hardshell1849 die-hard1857 hog on ice1857 last-ditcher1862 thick-and-thinnite1898 jusqu'auboutiste1916 stiff-neck1921 dead-ender1956 toughie1960 1857 San Francisco Call 19 Apr. 2/3 He don't appear to care nothing for nobody—he's ‘as independent as a hog on ice!’ 1894 14th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 124 How would a Hackney look going around the track after old Highland Gray? ‘Like a hog on ice.’ 1948 Time 9 Aug. 18/2 They like to think of themselves as independents—independent as a hog on ice. 1950 C. L. Sonnichsen Cowboys & Cattle Kings (1951) xvi. 183 These steady rains on well-traveled roads loosen things up. Wash-boards develop and deepen, slick patches of black soil appear, and a 1941 Packard behaves like an elderly hog on ice. 1987 Inc. (Nexis) Feb. 108 I've also seen loan officers appear before the loan committee like a hog on ice: they didn't know much about the borrower's financial condition;..and they weren't sure how the loan would be repaid. 2005 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 1 July b6 The government made as many missteps as a hog on ice. P7. U.S. slang. on the hog (in early use also on the hog train): living and travelling as a tramp or vagrant; (hence) destitute, impoverished. Cf. hog train n. at Compounds 2a. ΚΠ 1893 Railroad Trainmen's Jrnl. Aug. 685/1 Take something to kill that train fever or we all be on the hog train in another year or two. 1894 C. B. Lawlor & J. W. Blake Sidewalks of N.Y. (sheet music) 3 Others they are on the hog, But they all feel just like me. 1901 ‘J. Flynt’ World of Graft iii. 103 There's only one of my old gang that's got any money to-day, an' he's the fellow in London. The rest are all dead or on the hog. 1921 San Francisco Chron. 10 Dec. 22/6 His former subjects turned him down, and he is on the hog train now. 1965 J. M. Brewer Worser Days 59 He up dere in New York City on de ‘hog’. 2002 E. J. Cotton Hobo viii. 110 If they're on the hog, it's usually because they got themselves there and the only way they know to get out is to lie, cheat, steal, and fight. P8. Originally and chiefly U.S. to live (also eat) high off (also (up) on) the hog: to live in an extravagant or luxurious style. Hence: to live (also eat) low off (also on) the hog (and variants). ΚΠ 1919 Kansas City (Missouri) Times 28 Nov. 13/1 ‘Dese days I'se eatin' furder up on de hog!’ ‘We're all eating too high up on the hog,’ Mr. Clyne concluded. 1940 Chicago Defender 26 Oct. 10/5 On the other hand, you'll see other Negroes living ‘high on the hog’, sporting new expensive automobiles, sporty clothing and all that sort of thing. 1946 San Francisco Call-Bull. 27 May Edit. page I have to do my shopping in the black market because we can't eat as high off the hog as Roosevelt and Ickes and Joe Davis and all those millionaire friends of the common man. 1952 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 8 Feb. 6/1 Snarls are being heard that some branches of our military establishment, are nibbling too high up on the hog. 1956 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 17 Feb. (Editorial page) A half starved republican eating low on the hog. 1967 K. Giles Death in Diamonds iii. 47 I hope these Uppings eat high on the hog. 1970 Times 4 June 10/5 Compared to a Congressman, an M.P. lives lower on the hog, campaigns more quietly and takes fewer lavish junkets. 2008 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 1 Oct. a20 As the economy contracts, we Americans are likely to find that we have been living too high on the hog. P9. In various other proverbs and proverbial phrases. ΚΠ 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiv Euery man basteth the fat hog we see, But the leane shall burne er he basted be. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 10 As one said at the shearing of hogs, great cry & litle wool, much adoe, & smal help. 1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell (1627) 270 Where~fore the common saying is, the hog is neuer good but when he is in the dish. 1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 13/2 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A great cry and little wool, quoth the Devil when he sheard the hogg. 1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 13 Better my hog dirty home then no hog at all. 1678 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. (ed. 2) 252 To make a hog or a dog of a thing. 1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 55 He truly setting the Tail on another Hog, affrighted the good King off the Bench. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xli. 44 I should have remembred the old saying, Every hog his own apple. 1868 Daily Evening Bull (San Francisco) 19 Dec. A woman in Raymond N. H., cut off her hog's tail, causing its death from bleeding, because of the proverb, ‘it takes a bushel of corn to fatten a hog's tail’. 1980 Listener 14 Aug. 210/1 Before you wrestle with a hog, remember that even if you win you get up dirty. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. hog farm n. ΚΠ 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iii. 98 There are abundance of Crawls or Hog-farms. 1840 E. Howard Jack Ashore I. ii. 20 The noise at first was of that slopping, whistling, grunting description, which comes so rurally and romantically upon the ear from a hog-farm at feeding-time. 1998 N.Y. Times 7 May a14/4 Perhaps the most contentious issue in Nebraska's general election this year is the increasing number of large hog farms, where the swine are crowded in enclosed quarters. hog hunt n. ΚΠ 1822 R. G. Wallace 15 Years in India xx. 382 Wolves are plentiful, and wild hogs in such abundance, that the gentlemen of the spear had a successful hog hunt every march. 1877 Newcastle Courant 7 Sept. 7/3 He again ascended the Essequebo and Rupununi, and explored two of the branches of the latter river and the surrounding country, where they had several exciting hog hunts. 1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 11 Nov. 1 The hog hunts probably will have to become annual events to provide some control of the pig population. hog market n. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) sig. F3^v Leave them to the mercy of the hog market. 1759 J. Barrow New Geogr. Dict. I. at Barnet It lies high, and was formerly much frequented for its medicinal waters; but now for its hog-market. 1819 Times 16 Sept. 4/4 The George publichouse, in the centre of the Hog-market, Finchley. 1999 Fresno (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 12 Jan. b4 What's happening in the hog market these days offers plenty for all participants in this important food chain to chew on. hog merchant n. ΚΠ 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclx. 331 Ay, but says the Hog-Merchant, with Damned Oaths and Imprecations, My Hog is Stoll'n in Good Earnest. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. vi. 212 One wou'd have thought, that..I had been the greatest Hog-Merchant in England. View more context for this quotation 1868 Putnam's Mag. Feb. 138/1 A hog-merchant, when he sells enough pork, can put his foot on the neck of a gentleman. 1995 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. x5 A Spanish importer of cured ham and salted codfish, who boasts of his descent from Francisco Pizarro, the humble hog merchant who conquered the Incas. hog spear n. ΚΠ 1800 Periodical Acct. Baptist Missionary Soc. v. 413 A hog-spear as the English call it, but used to spear any wild beast. 1970 MLN 85 329 Hog spear, horn, hat, and boots reveal him to be a huntsman. 2005 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 4 Feb. 18 When the British came to India, they were happy to carry on the Mughal sporting tradition with tiger hunts and pig-sticking (hunting wild pigs on horseback with a hog spear). hog-yard n. ΚΠ 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xx. 117 The most neatest Husbands, indeed plant their Trough without their Pale or Hogyard. 1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxiii. 147 Some Hog-yards will yeeld you forty, fifty, some sixty, some eighty Load, and some more of Excellent Manure of ten or twelve Swine. 1779 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 336 All the dung and offal of my family, of the hog-yard, the poultry-yard, and the dog-kennel. 1840 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. (ed. 2) 48 Peat earth may be also extensively and profitably used for uplands, after it has lain for a season in the cattle or hog-yard. 1996 Independent 16 Aug. i. 13/6 In the 1770s the enterprising laird of Cromarty, in the north of Scotland, had a ‘hog-yard’ built which was thought to be the only one of its kind in the country. b. Objective, as hog butcher, hog-driver, hog farmer, hog farming, hog-feeder, hog-feeding, hog-hunter, hog-hunting, hog raising, †hog-serving, etc. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Hogge feader, porculator. 1661 K. W. Confused Characters 125 She to hog serving, to Hacklingt, to spinning. 1699 T. Brown tr. Erasmus Seven New Colloquies iv. 27 Let me dye if I wou'd not sooner marry my Daughter to..a Hog-driver. 1708 A. van Leeuwenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 114 I also caused a Hog-Butcher to bring me divers Tongues of Hogs. 1772 Let. 15 Mar. in Brit. Mag. 1 201/2 Whether John's father was a distiller, or a hog feeder, or any other such paltry business. 1790 M. Hunter Jrnl. (1894) 79 At Wallajabad we had the finest hog-hunting that ever was. 1801 Sporting Mag. 17 218/1 Hog-hunters coming by surprize [sic] on a tigress and her cubs. 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 11 Call in the Jews, Solomon the court porkman, Moses the sow-gelder, and Zephaniah The hog-butcher. 1857 Cincinnati (Ohio) Gaz. in Amer. Vet. Jrnl. 2 42 These were lively, healthy hogs, not still fed. A panic prevails among the hog-feeders of the above district, and they are selling off as fast as they can. 1872 R. G. McClellan Golden State xxvi. 393 The hog farmer buys every thing, even bacon and lard. 1918 Polit. Sci. Q. 33 219 It is..chiefly because of the large amount of corn which we devote to hog-feeding that the United States maintains over 60 swine per hundred of population. 1941 Winnipeg Free Press 30 Jan. 17/3 Proceeds of the hog farming go to provide comforts for the troops. 1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem ii. 18 His two ace detectives..had always looked like two hog farmers on a weekend in the Big Town. 1997 Virginian-Pilot (Nexis) 25 May 18 Carl Sandburg's ‘Chicago’..celebrates the lusty vitality of a working-class town known for its painted women, gangsters and hog butchers. 2008 Manila Standard (Nexis) 15 Jan. The Nong Bua farming company in southern Bangkok..is primarily engaged in hog raising. c. Parasynthetic, as hog-buttocked, hog-faced, hog-necked, etc. Cf. hog-backed adj. ΚΠ 1640 (title) A certaine Relation of the Hog-faced Gentlewoman called Mistris Tannakin Skinker. 1692 London Gaz. No. 2730/4 A thin Horse, Hog Buttock'd. 1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xl. 212 Horses are divided into..the swan-necked, the stag-necked and the hog-necked. 1843 R. H. Horne Orion i. iii. 32 A brutish clod, half built, Hog-faced and hog-backed with his daily toil. 1846 W. M. Thackeray Notes Journey Cornhill to Cairo xii. 109 He rode a hog-necked grey Arab, bristling over with harness, and jumped, and whirled, and reared, and halted, to the admiration of all. 1907 Washington Post 27 Sept. 6/6 The hog-faced snails..crawl over their beds and tables and scour every corner of the house making the dwellers miserable. a1938 T. Wolfe Web & Rock (1939) vii. xlviii. 677 That brutal scorner with contemptuous tongue, that hog-necked contemner with the butcher's thumb—was wrong! 2000 Booklist (Nexis) 1 June 1825 One story has it that a hog-faced infant was born that way because her wealthy mother, when pregnant, unkindly refused alms to a beggar who then shrieked out a curse. C2. a. Chiefly in branch I. hog age n. U.S. (now rare) adolescence. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > [noun] > adolescent > adolescence or puberty pubertyc1384 adolescence?a1425 adolescency?a1475 in one's teens1596 pubes1637 pubescency1658 pubescence1822 teenhood1845 hog age1848 the awkward age1895 prepubescence1908 prepuberty1922 teenagery1950 teenagedness1952 jean-age1959 1848 J. Mitchell in Amer. Speech (1935) 10 40 Hog age, between Boyhood & Manhood. 1882 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 24 Aug. Little men get cured of those elevated notions, as little boys get cured of the hog age. 1916 W. S. Hinchman Amer. School vii. 127 A great many girls of fourteen or fifteen are just at a period of intense, almost morbid, moral development, whereas boys at that time of life are commonly in what is known as the ‘hog age’. 1952 J. M. Springer I Love Trail iii. 29 A strong affection naturally had existed between Helen and her mother from her childhood on. This had increased during her teens, even though that was the daughter's ‘hog age’, as her mother termed it. † hog-babe n. Obsolete rare a piglet. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > young farrowa700 grice?c1225 piga1250 hogling1377 porketa1555 porkling1561 porkin1570 swine shoat1581 hog-babe1610 hoglet1611 pigling1612 piggy1625 gruntling1686 porkrel1694 piggy-wiggy1766 griceling1782 boneen1827 slip1832 piglet1839 slip-pig1844 squeaker1861 piggy-wig1870 snork1891 snorker1891 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iv. xi. 170 Lette him bee..Potina and suckle the hog-babes. hog call n. North American a loud, shrill call of a type traditionally used to attract domestic hogs. ΚΠ 1832 Liberator (Boston) 28 Jan. 14/1 A corn song, or a hog call, has often been a subject of nervous terror. 1886 San Antonio (Texas) Daily Express 14 Aug. 1/4 Handkerchiefs waved, and cries of ‘Wohee’, in imitation of a farmer's hog call filled the building. 1959 W. S. Burroughs Naked Lunch 80 A.J., surrounded and fighting against overwhelming odds, throws back his head and makes with the hog-call. 2004 State Jrnl.-Reg. (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 16 Aug. 19 [He] won the competition after his hog call brought out his daughter, dressed like a hog, and later, a string of plastic hogs. hog caller n. North American a person who makes hog calls. ΚΠ 1889 Atlanta Constit. 6 Jan. 2/5 We will never hear the ‘pig-g-o-o, pig-g-o-o, pig-g-o-o,’ of the hog callers. 1962 L. P. Hudson Bones of Plenty i. 101 Listening to the hog-callers. ‘Sooo—eeee! Sooo—eeee! Hog! Hog! Hog!’ 1998 Field & Stream Nov. 17/1 He screamed so loud I thought he was a hog caller. 2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 17 Aug. g3 Suzie..has the timbre of a hog-caller from Arkansas. hog calling n. North American the art or practice of making hog calls, often as part of a competition. ΚΠ 1875 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 12 Dec. 12/1 Folks don't undustan' de science of hog-callin'. Dey saye, ‘P-o-o-o-o-o-o-r'og’, when de hogs ain't po' at all. 1935 P. G. Wodehouse Blandings Castle iii. 75 Fred Patzel, the hog-calling champion of the Western States. What a man! I've known him to bring back pork chops leaping from their plates. 2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Sept. r9 Contestants demonstrate their prowess at activities such as hog calling, cow milking and log sawing. hog cistern n. now rare a trough or container for hogs to feed from. ΚΠ 1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 348 Hog-cisterns, in this country, are principally built with bricks and terrace. 1854 Cottage Gardener 10 Nov. 108/2 Grains; these should be conveyed to the hog cistern, or become otherwise disposed of. 1927 M. E. Seebohm Evol. of Eng. Farm xi. 296 In East Anglia the farm-yards had hog cisterns, handy to the kitchen, dairy, and hoghouse. hog constable n. now rare and historical = hog reeve n. ΚΠ 1710 Minutes 6 Mar. in C. Brooks Hist. Town Medford (1855) iii. 103 At a town-meeting legally convened at Medford..Lieut. Stephen Willis chosen Moderator; Peter Seccombe chosen Constable..Ichabod Peirce and John Albree, Wood-corders; Nath. Peirce, Hog constable. 1883 J. A. Dix Mem. I. I. 17 I had heard its bare walls ring with tumultuous laughter, when some man, who had been prosperous in money-making and assumed airs, was elected hog-constable by acclamation. 2007 Bow (Bow Heritage Commission) ii. 38 At the second town meeting on April 4, 1768, Bow residents voted Reuben Currier of Bow Mills and Samuel Alexander of River Road as hog constables. hog fat n. (also hog's fat) the fat or lard of a hog; cf. hog's grease n. at Compounds 2b. ΚΠ 1660 J. Harding tr. B. Valentine Triumphant Chariot Antimony 12 'Tis no Art or Skill to cure a green wound, which even the Countryman with a peece of salted Hogs fat easily doth. 1743 J. Brindley tr. Duke of Newcastle Gen. Syst. Horsemanship II. xxxiii. 38 Take green Cole-wort Leaves and Hog's Fat, the same Weight of one as the other. 1864 Times 30 Nov. 11/5 In the passage, swung on hooks, I found a piece of hog fat. 1995 Classical Jrnl. 91 147 The country mouse..offers his visiting country kin simple offerings of chickpeas, oats, dried berries, and hog fat. hog feast n. now chiefly North American a feast or celebration held following the slaughter of a hog; (in later use) esp. an event or celebration at which a hog is roasted and eaten (cf. hog roast n., pig feast n. at pig n.¹ Compounds 2a). ΚΠ 1865 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 7 295 The Huntingdonshire hog-feast is the domestic rejoicing that follows upon that important event in a cottager's family—the killing of a pig. 1914 Woodland (Calif.) Daily Democrat 23 Sept. 1/3 Manuel George, at whose home the hog feast is said to have been held, will answer to a charge of receiving stolen property. 1992 Associated Press (Nexis) 30 June A variety of fund-raising endeavors, ranging from mule races and hog feasts to autograph sessions and fashion shows. hog flesh n. (also hog's flesh) pig meat; pork. [The earlier surname Hoggesfles, Hoggesflech (14th cent.), Hoggesflessh (15th cent.), Hoggisflesh (16th cent.) may perhaps reflect a nickname for a pork butcher.] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] swine flesheOE porkc1300 baconc1330 brawn1377 pig1381 pork flesh?a1425 boara1475 gricea1475 hog flesh1528 hog meat1573 grunting-peck1699 hog1744 pigmeat1754 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. E iv The beste hog fleshe. 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. ii, in Wks. I. 9 Doe not conceiue that antipathy betweene vs, and Hogs-den; as was betweene Iewes, and hogs-flesh. 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea x. 273 The Spaniards have had great success, in converting to Christianity those Harasoras. Their agreeing in one essential point, the eating of hog's flesh, may, in a great measure, have paved the way. 1825 W. Scott Talisman ii, in Tales Crusaders III. 33 Dried hog's-flesh, the abomination of the Moslemah. 1998 Billboard (Nexis) 7 Nov. Ortego..will pick up a musical rub-board and spoons, as well as a knife for cutting the ‘cracklin's’, the tasty little bits of fried hog flesh. † hog-grease v. Obsolete rare to smear with pig fat. ΚΠ 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. ii. 71 Yet they did Hog-grease his body. † hog grubber n. slang Obsolete a mean, miserly, or self-interested person. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person nithinga1225 chinch?a1300 nigc1300 chincher1333 shut-purse1340 niggardc1384 haynec1386 nigona1400 pinchera1425 pinchpenny?c1425 pynepenya1450 pelt1511 chincherda1529 churl1535 pinchbeck1538 carl?1542 penny-father1549 nipfarthing1566 nipper?1573 holdfast1576 pinchpence1577 pinch fistc1580 pinchfart1592 shit-sticks1598 clunchfist1606 puckfist1606 sharp-nose1611 spare-good1611 crib1622 hog grubber?1626 dry-fist1633 clusterfist1652 niggardling1654 frummer1659 scrat1699 sting-hum1699 nipcheese1785 pincha1825 screw1825 wire-drawer1828 close-fist1861 penny-pincher1875 nip-skin1876 parer1887 pinch-plum1892 cheapskate1899 meanie1902 tightwad1906 stinge1914 penny-peeler1925 mean1938 stiff1967 ?1626 R. Speed Counter-ratt in Counter Scuffle (new ed.) sig. F4^v His thumbe th'row ring did show A Gentleman seal'd,—for he was no Hog-grubber. 1708 J. Wilson et al. tr. Petronius Satyrical Wks. i. 52 Either he got in with an old Hog-grubber, or had to do with an Incubus, and found a Treasure. 1839 J. G. Millingen Captain Fancourt v, in Stories of Torres Vedras II. 138 If so be that a lying, thieving hog grubber has a soul, I'd rather be Crab without one. 1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 122/1 Hog Grubber, a sneaking mean fellow, a cadger. [Also in later dictionaries.] † hog-grubbing adj. slang Obsolete mean, selfish, or self-interested. ΚΠ 1830 R. Forby Vocab. East Anglia II. 163 Hog-grubbing, swinishly sordid; like a hog rooting up earth nuts. 1845 J. G. Millingen Jack Hornet I. xii. 277 He now accused the landlady and all the present company of being a pack of thieves... He was answered, that he was an old humbug—a hog-grubbing old file. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Hog-grubbing, very sordid. [Also in later dictionaries.]] hoghead n. U.S. Railways slang the driver or engineer of a locomotive; = hogger n.¹ 2 (cf. 15a). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > engine-driver engine driver1809 engineer1816 engineman1835 locomotive engineer1840 runner1848 locomotive driver1852 locomotive runner1860 locoman1894 hogger1904 hoghead1905 1905 Daily Times-Tribune (Waterloo, Iowa) 18 Oct. 5/5 Engineer Dahlin, a ‘hog-head’ from the Cherokee division was in Waterloo yesterday having come in on an extra. He went west on the local. 1931 Illinois Central Mag. June 30/2 To the initiated, a ‘tallow-pit’ is a locomotive fire-man and a ‘hoghead’ is the engineer. 2007 Baltimore Sun (Nexis) 2 Dec. b4 He ran everything the railroad had. He was a good hoghead and knew all the nuances and tricks of the trade. hog hole n. (a) (chiefly British) a narrow gap in a wall or fence designed to allow young sheep to pass from one pasture to another; (b) (chiefly North American) a gap in a wall or fence made for or by a pig; (also) = hog wallow n. (a); (c) figurative and in extended use. ΚΠ 1688 J. Bunyan Solomon's Temple xxvi. 62 [Satan] goes round and round, and round us, to see if he can find a Hog-hole for that purpose. 1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 103 [This shrub] grew near the Hog-Holes in the Savanna by the Town of St. Jago de la Vega. 1834 G. S. Yerger Rep. Supreme Court Tennessee 4 37 On the same fence opposite the oat patch, there were several hog holes near the ground, large enough for the entrance of hogs. 1840 R. S. Ewell Let. in D. C. Pfanz Richard S. Ewell (1998) iii. 29 [A] filthy hog hole of a German Dutch tavern. 1890 R. R. Dawes Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers 177 A board or two off from the fence made what the man called a ‘hog-hole’. Instructing the regiment to follow in single file on the run, I took a color, ran across the street, and jumped through this opening in the fence. 2000 A. Evans & B. Evans Short Walks in Lakeland 17 Ignore the gate, carry on for 100 yards to just before a hog hole in the wall, then turn R up a little U-shaped valley. hoghouse n. a shed in which hogs are kept; a pigsty. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > placing in sty > pigsty or pen sty?c1225 hoghouse1350 hog cote1414 swine sty1414 swine cote?c1430 swine housea1450 swine garth1459 swine house garth1466 hogsty?a1500 swine hulka1500 swine cruive1501 swine hull1566 cruivec1575 pigsty1580 swine's-steada1599 pigscote1599 hog pen1640 hoggery1642 crawl1661 swine crew1673 pigscot1679 1350 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 94 (MED) [A house called] Hogge house. 1458 in W. S. Simpson Visitations of Churches St. Paul's (1895) 99 (MED) Vnum gattehous et vnum hoghous. 1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 570 An excellent harbour..where we found hog-houses, which they terme coralles, and tooke away certeine hogs and pigs. 1638 in Hist. Coll. Essex Inst. (1862) IV. 185/1 Granted to John Abby 5 acres nere to Mr. Throgmorton's hoghowse. 1728 E. Goodea Lease in Mariner's Mirror (1957) 43 297 Messuage or tenement Hoghouse in use as a Smiths shop. 1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. IV. 62 Having stables..milk-house, hog-house, &c. 1927 M. E. Seebohm Evol. Eng. Farm xi. 296 In East Anglia the farm-yards had hog cisterns, handy to the kitchen, dairy, and hoghouse. 2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 23 Jan. a5 Gary Nilles..intends to haul them to slaughter, clean out the hoghouses and quit the livestock business for good. † hog jobber n. Obsolete a person who sells or deals in hogs; cf. jobber n.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in other livestock pig-jobbera1722 hog jobber1723 higgler1830 1723 London Gaz. No. 6170/9 Thomas Greathead,..Hogjobber. 1850 Jrnl. Brit. Archaeol. Soc. 5 58 A road, with a noble agger, crossing the river at Whittlesford-bridge. It is much frequented by hog jobbers. 1861 N.Y. Times 8 Nov. 3/6 Hog jobbers, or drovers, are not in the market. hog jowl n. originally and chiefly U.S. (a cut of) meat from the cheek of a hog. ΚΠ 1841 Daily Atlas (Boston) 8 June It has been his daily habit, throughout the Spring, to dine upon hog jowl and turnip sallet. 1886 Boston Jrnl. 8 Dec. 2/4 A Southern Society has been formed in New York, and its members are confident in being as happy over the corn-pone and the hog-jowl as the New-Englanders over doughnuts and hard cider. 1938 K. Dos Passos Let. 25 Mar. in G. Murphy et al. Lett. from Lost Generation (1991) 211 Great thick beefsteaks and hog jowl and turnip-greens. 2006 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 13 Apr. c16 My food knowledge expanded to squid tentacles, hog jowls, goose livers and edible fungus. hog Latin n. (a) incorrect or debased Latin (cf. pig Latin n. 1, dog-Latin n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3a); (b) any incomprehensible form of speech or writing; esp. a systematically altered form of English used as a sort of code (cf. pig Latin n. 2). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Latin > anglicized or corrupt English Latinc1475 kitchen-Latin1579 law-Latin1615 dog-Latin1661 bog Latin1785 hog Latin1807 Anglo-Latin1811 rogue's Latin1818 Monk-Latin1843 pig Latin1844 1807 W. Sampson Mem. xxxii. 274 Some of the very acts of parliament..are such a queer compound of Danish, Norman hog-latin, and I don't know what, as to be the most biting satires upon the Englishry. 1810 M. van H. Dwight Jrnl. 20 Nov. in Journey to Ohio (1912) 53 He pass'd us on the road, singing & screaming, advising us to go back & learn hog-latin—alias German—or dutch. 1865 Preston Guardian 30 Sept. 2/4 In the body of the paper is the following hog Latin motto:—‘Fratus, scriptus sanctum’. 1930 Daily Express 8 Sept. 8/6 The millions now being wasted in teaching bewildered youngsters hog Latin and piano and bad Greek. 2004 K. S. Lashley in B. C. Lust & C. Foley First Lang. Acquisition 321 The ease with which a new structure may be imposed on words is illustrated by the quickness with which children learn hog Latin. hog leg n. U.S. regional (chiefly western) a large pistol. ΚΠ 1908 San Antonio (Texas) Light 16 Dec. 3/3 Informed that a negro was carrying a big ‘hog leg’ in his hip pocket, patrolman Sobleski..prevented the negro from escaping. 2001 W. Deverell Laughing Falcon x. i. 304 I've got a hog leg pointed at your belly button. † hog-loom n. English regional (south midlands) Obsolete = hog cistern n. ΚΠ 1836 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 17 capital milk leads, cream cistern, hog loom, butter kivers, cream pots..and various other valuable effects. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 330 Hogloom, a sunk receptacle, generally of brick, for the wash and refuse food for pigs. 1854 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 28 Jan. A large yard, with waggon-hovel, piggeries, and hog-loom. hog pail n. a pail used for feeding hogs; a swill pail. ΚΠ 1741 Boston Weekly News-let. 12 Feb. 2/1 Taken up by John Morey, Esq...a swill-Pale, otherwise called a Hog-Pale. 1833 T. Man Picture of Factory Village 34 He from the hog-pail, oft doth drink. 1945 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 15 Nov. 11/3 (advt.) 20 qt. Hog Pail. 2000 S. Gulland Last Great Dance on Earth 13 The second cook is upset because the first cook expects him to empty the hog pails. hog plague n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) = hog cholera at cholera n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun] swine-sought?c1475 water-gall1582 measles1587 swinepox1587 gargarism1607 measlesa1637 rangen1688 milt-pain1704 choler1729 hog pox1730 gall1736 thirst1736 cholera1837 black tooth1851 hog plague1858 swine plague1863 purple1867 swine fever1877 soldier disease1878 soldier1882 swine erysipelas1887 Aujeszky's disease1906 swine flu1919 swine influenza1920 African swine fever1935 baby pig disease1941 swine vesicular disease1972 SVD1973 1858 12th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1857 374 This disease has no well established name, and might properly be called as suggested by Mr. Sutton, of Aurora, Indiana, ‘the hog plague’. 1928 P. de Kruif Hunger Fighters iii. 79 For the time being the menace of the hog plague was over. 2005 R. H. Donaldson & J. L. Nogee Foreign Policy Russia (ed. 3) viii. 296 Chinese pigs..were..then banned in Russia by the veterinary inspector, who suspected that they might spread hog plague in the country. hog potato n. a small or inferior potato of a sort typically used as fodder for pigs. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pig fodder > other pig fodder defrutc1420 hog meata1500 shack1536 hog potato1776 pig potato1796 Tottenham Pudding1944 1776 M. Peters Agricultura 183 Directions for cultivating the Surinam Potatoes, are given by the Venders of that Article—which Sort of Potatoe appears to be what is commonly known in the Country, by the name of the Hog Potatoe. 1846 Times 11 Dec. 3/4 The cheese is the poorest Dutch, and the potatoes known in the trade as chats or hog potatoes. 1998 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 6 May a9 The crunchy hog potato found in the dirt bank along old Route 66. hog pound n. a pigpen. ΚΠ 1695 T. Burrell Jrnl. & Acct.-Bk. in Sussex Archaeol. Coll. (1850) 3 130 Charge for the hog pound, 2400 bricks, £1 3s. 6d. 1730 R. Budgen Passage of Hurricane 4 A Hog pound and Sty, covered with a Roof, and thatched, in a very unaccountable manner had all the middle Part taken away from Top to Bottom. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone II. iv. 59 Putting up their fore-feet on the top rail of the hog-pound, and blinking their little eyes, and grunting prettily to coax us. 2000 I. Armstrong Radical Aesthetic iv. 127 Penned by palings into the filth of a hog pound. † hog pox n. Obsolete swinepox; (also) a disease in humans or sheep resembling swinepox or smallpox. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > other eruptive diseases gutta rosaceac1400 spotted death1623 spotted fever1623 horse-pox1656 flock-pox1672 hog pox1676 spotted pestilence1783 salt rheum1809 molluscum1813 molluscum contagiosum1817 grease-pox1822 horn-pox1822 date fever1836 glass-pock1858 molluscum sebaceum1866 verruga1873 furunculosis1886 gutta rubea1886 flannel rash1888 vaccinide1889 rubeoloid1893 pox1897 veld sores1898 spotted sickness1899 sweat-rash1899 synanthema1899 sporotrichosis1908 alastrim1911 pseudoxanthoma elasticum1933 monkeypox1960 scleromyxœdema1964 yusho1969 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun] swine-sought?c1475 water-gall1582 measles1587 swinepox1587 gargarism1607 measlesa1637 rangen1688 milt-pain1704 choler1729 hog pox1730 gall1736 thirst1736 cholera1837 black tooth1851 hog plague1858 swine plague1863 purple1867 swine fever1877 soldier disease1878 soldier1882 swine erysipelas1887 Aujeszky's disease1906 swine flu1919 swine influenza1920 African swine fever1935 baby pig disease1941 swine vesicular disease1972 SVD1973 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep pocka1325 soughta1400 pox1530 mad1573 winter rot1577 snuffa1585 leaf1587 leaf-sickness1614 redwater1614 mentigo1706 tag1736 white water1743 hog pox1749 rickets1755 side-ill1776 resp1789 sheep-fag1789 thorter-ill1791 vanquish1792 smallpox1793 shell-sicknessc1794 sickness1794 grass-ill1795 rub1800 pine1804 pining1804 sheep-pock1804 stinking ill1807 water sickness1807 core1818 wryneck1819 tag-belt1826 tag-sore1828 kibe1830 agalaxia1894 agalactia1897 lupinosis1899 trembling1902 struck1903 black disease1906 scrapie1910 renguerra1917 pulpy kidney1927 dopiness1932 blowfly strike1933 body strike1934 sleepy sickness1937 swayback1938 twin lamb disease1945 tick pyaemia1946 fly-strike1950 maedi1952 nematodiriasis1957 visna1957 maedi-visna1972 visna-maedi1972 1676 Char. Quack-doctor 4 That all persons..may know whither to repair for present Cure, in all Cephalalgia's,..Exanthemata; the Hog-Pox, the Hen-Pox, the Small-Pox, the Whores Pox, or the Devils-Pox, [etc.]. 1730 T. Fuller Exanthematologia i. 162 Swine or Hog-Pox. Chesneau mentions a Sort of Pustles, not much differing from the true Small-Pox, but are larger... I take these to be what are call'd the Swine-Pox; and this Name is taken from the Disease of Hogs..term'd Grando Porcorum, which we vulgarly call Measley Hogs. 1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep 324 This Disease, by many Farmers, is called the Hog-Pox in Sheep, proceeding from Foulness of Blood, and as some think is somewhat of the Nature of the Small-Pox in the human Body. 1853 Valley Farmer (St. Louis, Missouri) Apr. 144/1 The disease, which has been so fatal to the hogs in the vicinity; and along the river and above here, is the hog pox, and is contagious. hog rifle n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) a long-barrelled, muzzle-loading hunting rifle. ΚΠ 1895 Chicago Tribune 21 July 27/1 Wish I had my hog rifle here! 1940 J. Stuart Trees of Heaven 33 He ought to be shot at sunset between the eyes with a hog rifle. 2004 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 19 Aug. I still have my granddaddy's old hog rifle. hog ring n. a ring or piece of bent wire put into the snout of a pig to prevent it from grubbing in the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > nose-ring hog ring1648 staple1688 staple-ring1707 nose-jewel1844 pig ring1862 snout-ring1875 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. vi. 17 Wee could not but much wonder at that sight..of people naked, with their haire hanging down to the middle of their backes, with their faces cut out in severall fashions, or flowers, with thin plates hanging at their Noses, like Hog-rings. 1710 D. Hilman Tusser Redivivus Sept. 10 Twitchers are a sort of great Plyers to clinch the Hog-Ring withal. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 552 I find hog-rings bought on two occasions in 1360 and 1374. 2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 72/1 Hog rings have been used for many decades as a means of preventing rooting by hogs. hog ringer n. †(a) a person (esp. a public official) employed to fasten rings in pigs' snouts (obsolete); (b) a tool used to insert such rings. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > nose-ring > one who fastens ring hog ringer1692 1692 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 267 The hogg ringers shall have 6d. per head for every hogg ya ring. 1708 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 363 Any that shall neglect to ring their own swine, thay shall be forthwith rung by ye hog ringer. 1835 R. V. Barnewall & J. L. Adolphus Rep. Cases King's Bench 5 573 The offices of parish clerk, hog-ringer, bellman, have been held sufficient. 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 394/3 Hog Ringers, malleable iron... Weight 13oz. 1990 Toronto Star (Nexis) 8 Apr. d5 My daddy would take hog ringers..to hold my shoe soles on. hog roast n. originally U.S. a social gathering at which a hog is roasted and eaten; = pig roast n. at pig n.¹ Compounds 2a; cf. hog feast n. ΚΠ 1908 Charleroi (Pa.) Mail 23 Oct. 1/1 A hog roast was given at Monessen last evening..in honor of Mr. Chauncey S. Duvall who is to be married... The affair was highly enjoyable to all present. 1985 Los Angeles Times (Electronic text) 21 Jan. 1 Asbestos inspectors were feted at a Latch-On hog roast and country music party in the San Bernardino National Forest. 2008 Church Times 18 July 3/1 (caption) Bishops from Melanesia enjoy hospitality from Sandiway parish at a hog roast in Chester diocese at the weekend. † hog rubber n. Obsolete (used contemptuously or as a term of abuse) a yokel; a country bumpkin. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused warlockOE swinec1175 beastc1225 wolf's-fista1300 avetrolc1300 congeonc1300 dirtc1300 slimec1315 snipec1325 lurdanc1330 misbegetc1330 sorrowa1350 shrew1362 jordan1377 wirlingc1390 frog?a1400 warianglea1400 wretcha1400 horcop14.. turdc1400 callet1415 lotterela1450 paddock?a1475 souter1478 chuff?a1500 langbain?c1500 cockatrice1508 sow1508 spink1508 wilrone1508 rook?a1513 streaker?a1513 dirt-dauber?1518 marmoset1523 babiona1529 poll-hatcheta1529 bear-wolf1542 misbegotten1546 pig1546 excrement1561 mamzer1562 chuff-cat1563 varlet1566 toada1568 mandrake1568 spider1568 rat1571 bull-beef1573 mole-catcher1573 suppository1573 curtal1578 spider-catcher1579 mongrela1585 roita1585 stickdirta1585 dogfish1589 Poor John1589 dog's facec1590 tar-boxa1592 baboon1592 pot-hunter1592 venom1592 porcupine1594 lick-fingers1595 mouldychaps1595 tripe1595 conundrum1596 fat-guts1598 thornback1599 land-rat1600 midriff1600 stinkardc1600 Tartar1600 tumbril1601 lobster1602 pilcher1602 windfucker?1602 stinker1607 hog rubber1611 shad1612 splay-foot1612 tim1612 whit1612 verdugo1616 renegado1622 fish-facea1625 flea-trapa1625 hound's head1633 mulligrub1633 nightmare1633 toad's-guts1634 bitch-baby1638 shagamuffin1642 shit-breech1648 shitabed1653 snite1653 pissabed1672 bastard1675 swab1687 tar-barrel1695 runt1699 fat-face1740 shit-sack1769 vagabond1842 shick-shack1847 soor1848 b1851 stink-pot1854 molie1871 pig-dog1871 schweinhund1871 wind-sucker1880 fucker1893 cocksucker1894 wart1896 so-and-so1897 swine-hound1899 motherfucker1918 S.O.B.1918 twat1922 mong1926 mucker1929 basket1936 cowson1936 zombie1936 meatball1937 shower1943 chickenshit1945 mugger1945 motherferyer1946 hooer1952 morpion1954 mother1955 mother-raper1959 louser1960 effer1961 salaud1962 gunk1964 scunge1967 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] churlc1275 Hobc1325 Hodgec1386 charla1400 carlc1405 peasanta1450 hoggler1465 agrest1480 hoggener1488 rustical?1532 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 clown1563 Jocka1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 Corydon1581 gaffer1589 gran1591 russeting1597 dunghill1608 hog rubber1611 carlota1616 high shoe1647 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 cot1695 ruralist1739 Johnnya1774 Harry1796 bodach1830 bucolic1862 cafone1872 bogman1891 country bookie1904 desi1907 middle peasant1929 woodchuck1931 swede-basher1943 moegoe1953 shit-kicker1961 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D4^v Fiddle goodman hog-rubber, some of these porters beare so much for others, they haue no time to carry wit for themselues. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. iii. 622 The very Rusticks and Hog-rubbers..if once they tast of this Loue-liquor, are inspired in an instant. 1701 T. D'Urfey Bath iv. i. 32 How's that, Hog-rubber? Oons, dare you affront me? 1835 P. Gaskill Old Bachelors II. xiii. 283 It produces such magical effects upon the hog-rubbers. hog rump n. †(a) the rump of a horse resembling that of a hog in shape (obsolete); (b) the rump of a hog, esp. as a cut of meat. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > rump or type of croupc1300 crouponc1400 crupper1591 goose-rump1679 hog rump1679 1679 London Gaz. No. 1436/4 Also a bay Mare, with a hog rump. 1796 J. Hunter Compl. Dict. Farriery & Horsemanship at Rules for Buying Horses The narrow-pin buttock, the hog-rump and the falling buttock, are all natural deformities. 1823 Amer. Farmer 4 359/1 A Spaniard may boast of his Andalusian horse, with a hog rump, long tail, and strait tail, almost glued to his buttocks. 2004 OC Weekly (Nexis) 18 June 46 Barbecued hog rumps seem to float midair inside a hot box, ready for carving. hog shearing n. now rare the shearing of a pig, used figuratively as the type of a pointless activity; fuss about nothing (see great (also much) cry and little wool at cry n. Phrases 1). ΚΠ 1662 E. Martin Opinion v. 95 [The] hideous cry of Hoggshearing, where..wee have a great deal of noise, and no Wooll. 1665 J. Locke in Life & Lett. (1858) 21 Here hog-shearing is much in its glory, and our disputing in Oxford comes as far short of it as the rhetoric of Carfax does that of Billingsgate. 1838 J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl I. xvi. 231 Here's a pretty upshot to your valours! Much cry and little wool, like the Devil's hog-shearing at Christmas. 1956 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 2 May s25/1 The people didn't look like anybody you'd invite to a hog shearing. hog-tight adj. chiefly U.S. (of a fence) constructed in such a way as to prevent pigs from forcing their way through. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [adjective] > that will serve as a fence > having a fence or paling > of specific construction (of fence) stake-and-ridered1829 ridered1833 dogleg1836 staked and ridered1852 hog-tight1858 staked-and-bound1861 doglegged1891 1858 Kansas Herald of Freedom (Lawrence) 9 Jan. Every man who attempts to raise anything should have his fences hog tight. 1972 Christian Sci. Monitor 28 Sept. 16/4 The pioneers..tipped the stumps up with their roots in the air, and lined them along so they were, as the saying went, ‘horse-high, hog-tight, and bull-strong’. 2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 28 Dec. 6 The Dorseys..got rid of the resident deer on their 800-acre area, which is enclosed by an 8-foot hog-tight fence topped with barbed wire. † hog-tooth spar n. Mineralogy Obsolete a variety of calcite occurring as sharply-pointed crystals; cf. dogtooth spar n. at dog-tooth n. Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 20 When the pyramics is long and sharp, it [sc. calcareous spar] is called dog-tooth spar, or hog-tooth spar. 1835 E. Hitchcock Rep. Geol. Mineral. Bot. & Zool. Mass. 489 The pseudomorphous crystals are very perfect, and have the form of hog tooth spar. 1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals 122 Hog-tooth spar, like dog-tooth spar, a popular name for calcite, occurring in acute scalenohedrons. hog train n. North American (now chiefly historical) a train used to transport hogs; (slang) a train of this sort used as a mode of travel by the poor, vagrants, etc.; (hence) travel as a tramp or hobo (chiefly in on the hog train at Phrases 7). ΚΠ 1850 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 3 Dec. 8/3 The Road is in fine condition, and as soon as the ‘People's Line’, as the hog train is called, begins to run, the receipts will be very large. 1892 Daily Jrnl. (Logansport, Indiana) 24 July They made up their minds to try Elwood, but being short of funds took the ‘hog train’ method of travel and were riding between the cars. 1922 Proc. 28th Ann. Session Iowa State Bar Assoc. 68 We stopped alongside of a hog-train and were there for some little time, and I had occasion to observe the breed of hogs which you are shipping. 2006 J. Londraville & R. Londraville Most Beautiful Man in World iii. 45 The trial of getting there on a hog train warned him that his dreams of fame might have a more earthy outcome. hog-tub n. a trough or other vessel for hogs to feed or drink from. ΚΠ 1708 tr. M. Alemán Life Guzman d’Alfarache I. iii. 397 The good old Comrade..ask'd from when I came, and whether I had been bathing in a Hog-Tub? 1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July 147 I lost her..by means of her..eating Grains out of a Hog-tub. 1834 Ohio Observer (Hudson, Ohio) 21 Aug. Many barrels [of beer] might be saved, which are every year thrown into the hog-tub from becoming undrinkable. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Skippet, the long-handled ladle used for filling a water-cart, emptying a hog-tub, &c. 1998 R. W. Malcolmson & S. Mastoris Eng. Pig (2001) ii. 39 The hog-tubs were filled with refuse. hog wallow n. (a) a hollow or ditch in which pigs wallow; also in extended use; (b) (U.S.) a natural depression having a similar appearance; frequently attributive in hog wallow prairie. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > other slack?a1400 swamp1691 cauldrona1763 hog wallow1829 tomo1859 kettle1866 pocket1869 dolina1882 kettle hole1883 frost hollow1895 impact crater1895 uvala1902 frost pocket1907 sotch1910 pingo1938 lagg1939 tafoni1942 the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough > wallow soila1425 hog hole1688 bear wallow1766 hog wallow1829 wallow1841 1829 L. Dow Omnifarious Law 51 It became a trespass to make a dam for a hog wallow. 1840 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 39 212 From the difference of surface, soil, and exposure, there arises a great diversity in the size, depth, and general appearance of the hog-wallows. a1910 ‘O. Henry’ Sixes & Sevens (1913) xi. 115 One afternoon, while they were riding through a dense mesquite flat, they came upon a patch of open hog-wallow prairie. 1941 W. A. Percy Lanterns on Levee iii. 29 The Prodigal Son..could have found a more sanitary place to stay in than the hog-wallow. 1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) iv. 267 When it rains on a Memphis in May World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest, Tom Lee Park turns into a hog wallow. hogward n. now rare and historical a person who keeps or tends pigs; a swineherd. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > swineherd swona700 swineherdOE hogherd1279 hogman1301 pig-herd1591 swinward1614 hoggard1655 hogward1753 swine herder1860 swine girl1883 1753 Act for Dividing & Inclosing Common Fields (26 Geo.II, c. 47) Thomas Chamberlain, John Higginson, Mary Facey Widow, and the Hogward and Heyward of Hillmorton aforesaid, for the Time being, are severally seised and possessed of Thirty-one other Cottages. 1883 J. R. Green Conq. Eng. 330 The hog-ward who drove the swine to the denes in the wood~land paid his lord 15 pigs at the slaughter time. 1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark 10 After them appeared one of the Stowood hogwards, with the great cudgel of holly which was the badge of his trade. hog-wild adj. U.S. completely wild or unrestrained; crazy (chiefly in to go hog-wild). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > riotous excitement > [adjective] hog-wild1893 rah-rah1896 rootin' tootin'1901 bananas1957 ring-a-ding1960 1893 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 Mar. 4/3 The state of Kansas has gone ‘hog wild’. 1940 C. McCullers Heart is Lonely Hunter i. ii. 26 This here white man had just gone hog wild. He were butting his head against the side of this brick wall. 2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Feb. 82/1 New York City Ballet went hog-wild with promotions on January 22. hog yoke n. (also hog's yoke) (a) a wooden frame placed around a hog's neck to prevent it pushing its way through hedges, fences, etc. (now rare); (b) (Nautical) a quadrant (quadrant n.¹ 7) (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > pig-yoke hog yoke1573 pig yoke1845 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > quadrant, sextant, etc. quadrant?c1400 quadrate1551 sextant1628 sinical quadrant1669 bow1696 pig yoke1836 hog yoke1897 ham-bone1938 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 15^v Hog yokes, & a twicher, & rings for a hog. 1613 A. Shirley Rel. Travels Persia 71 Hee should not dye; but goe, during his life, with a great yoke, like a Hogges-yoke, about his necke. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 290 Hog-Yokes and Rings. a1852 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1883) x. 35 I ain't so fond o' pork as to eat hog yokes. 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous v. 107 The old green-crusted quadrant that they called the ‘hog-yoke’. 1929 F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 67 Hog yoke, the old fashioned wooden quadrant in American ships and Grand Bankers, so-called from its likeness to the wooden yoke put over hogs to prevent them breaking through fences. 2001 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 30 Sept. e1 All of it happens in the living museum that John Rice Irwin built, tool by quilt by cross saw by hog yoke by smoke house and sheep pen. b. Compounds with hog's. hog's bristle n. (also hog bristle) each of the stiff hairs which grow on the back of a hog; such hairs considered collectively, esp. as a material for making brushes. ΚΠ 1560 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli 2nd Pt. Secretes Alexis of Piemont 14 Take a Pensill of Hogges bristels, and marke your white skinne with spottes. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 74 The Lye Brush is made of Hogs-Bristles fastned into a Board with Brass-Wyer. 1762 tr. J. Astruc Treat. Dis. Women II. 240 The opening of the tubes into the uterus is so exactly closed, as not to be capable of admitting a hog's bristle to be introduced into it. 1872 Appletons' Jrnl. 9 Mar. 266/1 He assumed the character of a..Russian peasant, employed by merchants to buy hogs' bristles. 1979 C. Hayes Compl. Guide Painting, Drawing Techniques ii. 31 (caption) Each oil brush contains a certain weight of hog bristle. 1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 24 Apr. We are not talking mimsy watercolours or squirrel-hair brushes either. We are talking palette knife and hog's bristle, bold swags of colour laid on thick. hog's cheek n. now rare (a cut of) meat from the cheek of a hog. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > cuts or parts pig's footc1475 hog's foot1561 hog's cheek1573 bald-rib1598 spring1598 list1623 griskin1699 chine1712 pork griskin1725 rearing1736 pork chop?1752 hand1794 faggot1815 hog round1819 sweet-bone1826 butt1845 pig trotter1851 pork belly1863 Hodge1879 fore-end1906 fore-hock1923 1573 Thes. Linguae Romanae & Britannicae Hogs cheeke sowsed. 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. I^v It's a Hogs Cheeke and Puddings in a Peuter field this. 1727 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Many Memorable Things I. iv. 181 In the Supper it self were Sumina, (i.e. Sows Teat) sowe'd Hog's-cheek, brawn, a Bisk of all sorts of fish, [etc.]. 1892 W. Besant London viii. 427 A hog's cheek was reckoned a toothsome kickshaw. 1923 W. C. Firebaugh Inns Greece & Rome xiv. 206 Oenothea mounts upon the rotten stool to take down a piece of dried hog's cheek. hog's dung n. the excrement of a hog. ΚΠ ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. G.vii The ioyce of hogges dounge cast into the nostrelles doth restrayne the bloud. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 88 Mr. Remnant dislikes ringing before the swarm bee quite out of their Hive; but..prescribes to make the greatest sound you can to prevent it, as also by throwing up dust, Hogs-dung, or Cows-dung to disturb, and trouble them. 1703 tr. H. van Oosten Dutch Gardener i. 2 Hogs dung is good almost for any ground. 1874 Amer. Cycl. VII. 523/2 First, stale urine and hogs' dung, subsequently urine alone, and again fullers' earth and water. 1992 Independent (Nexis) 10 May 33 A farmer keeps his mind on Mr Tull's seed drill and on the qualities of hog's dung to avoid thinking of his dead child, who appears to him at night. hog's face n. (also hog face) (a) (as a term of abuse) a person considered to have a face or facial expression like that of a hog; (b) the face of a hog, esp. as an article of food. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [noun] > ugly person hog's face1578 kex1619 troll1697 singed cat1836 ogre1843 plug-ugly1862 partan-face1895 bad looker1898 snout-face1923 Mr Potato Head1952 mieskeit1968 fuglya1970 grot1970 minger1992 1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 1st Pt. iv. vii. sig. Fj Goodman Hogsface, you woe without mony. 1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London sig. C Doest thou keepe no better fare in thy house? Hast no greate Bagge Pudding, nor Hogges face, that is called Sowse? c1630 Trag. Rich. II (1870) 60 Heeres a fatt horson in his russet slops, And yett may spend 300^li bith yeare, The third of which the hoggsface owes the kinge. 1710 P. Lamb Royal Cookery 108 You may do Sheep's Tongues the same way, or Hog's Feet, or Hog's Face split in two. 1830 W. Scott Doom of Devorgoil ii. i. 4 If he's left that same hog's face and sausages, He will try back upon them. 1977 P. Larkin Let. 25 May in M. Brennan Philip Larkin I Knew (2002) 222 All this to avoid the hog-faces at the bar! 2004 Star (Wilmington, N. Carolina) News (Nexis) 25 Feb. 1 d Only the bravest tried the hog's face. hog's foot n. [attested earlier as a surname: Jordanus Oggesfot (1220)] chiefly North American in later use. = pig's foot n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > cuts or parts pig's footc1475 hog's foot1561 hog's cheek1573 bald-rib1598 spring1598 list1623 griskin1699 chine1712 pork griskin1725 rearing1736 pork chop?1752 hand1794 faggot1815 hog round1819 sweet-bone1826 butt1845 pig trotter1851 pork belly1863 Hodge1879 fore-end1906 fore-hock1923 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 40^v Let him also eate meates of good digestion as are yonge Mottons, Lambes, Chyckens, Hogges fete, and such like. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Onglons de pourceau, hogs-feet singed, then sodden vntill they be verie tender, then broyled [etc.]. 1733 V. La Chapelle Mod. Cook I. 4 When everything is in good order in your dish, then put in your Hogs feet and ears, Cabbage, Celery, and Leeks. 1863 V. Penny Employments of Women 162 Women are employed at the pork houses in Louisville, in putting up hogs' feet, to send to New Orleans. 1998 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Aug. 1 She also tells how to fix smothered quail, mudfish cakes, pickled hog's feet and million-dollar fudge. hog's grease n. (also hog grease) the lard or fat of a hog. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > from pig swine greasea1400 lardc1420 swine seamc1440 hog's grease1525 seam1530 hog's lard1601 mort1610 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xxvi. sig. F.iv The. iiij. maysters prayseth therto to take ye Roote of nyghtica stamped with hogges grece. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. xlvii. 31 Take Waxe, Hogges-grease and Turpentine. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Hoof-loosening Put a Restrictive Charge about it, and heal it up with Turpentine and Hogs Grease melted together. 1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son II. xxxviii. 308 A fat dog, roasted entire, stuffed with turmeric, rice, suet, and garlic, and larded with hog's grease. 1996 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 12 Feb. 8 Just when that old Kentucky colonel wants to hide the fact he fries chicken, along comes Garnet Turley, who is very proud she knows the difference between hog grease and vegetable oil. hog's hair n. (also hog hair) [attested earlier as a surname: Richard Hoggesher (1328)] the hair which grows on the back of a hog, used esp. for making brushes; frequently attributive (cf. hog's bristle n.). ΚΠ c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 611/35 Seta, a hoggeshere. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. xxxix^v, in Bulwarke of Defence Make them into pouder and burne hogges heere. 1662 W. Faithorne Art of Graveing & Etching xxii. 36 Take up the white Cerusse..with a brush or great pencill of hoggs hair, and therewith whiten your varnish. 1718 Boston News-let. 24 Mar. 2/2 (advt.) Money for Hog's hair and Horse hair. 1819 A. Rees Cycl. III. at Back-Painting With a hog's-hair brush. 1934 Times 23 Apr. 10/2 The paper takes water colour well, but hog's-hair brushes seem the best to use. 1992 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Oct. 18/1 I don't find pencil very sympathetic to work with. I use scene painter's charcoal, and broad director's brushes, made from hog's hair. hog's lard n. (also hog lard) the fat of a pig, esp. when clarified and used in cooking or as the basis for an ointment (cf. lard n.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > from pig swine greasea1400 lardc1420 swine seamc1440 hog's grease1525 seam1530 hog's lard1601 mort1610 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xxiv. iii. 177 Acorns or Mast of the Oke, beaten to pouder, & incorporat with Hogs lard salted, heale all those hard and swelling cankerous ulcers, which they call in Greeke Cacoëthe. 1747 G. G. Beekman Let. 8 Dec. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 36 I wrote you not Long ago Concerning Some hogs Lard Which I hope you have Bought for My Account Before Now at My Limitted Price. c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 94/2 Hog's lard is fluid at 81°. 1996 Folklore 107 26/2 The reference to hog's lard presumably relates to the fact that it was commonly used as the fatty base for herbal unguents. 2006 Legacy Dec.–Jan. 32/2 She just dumped the sweetened berries out on a big, deep, china plate and spread pie crust (made with hog lard) over the top and baked it. c. (In branch II.) hog bull n. chiefly English regional (south-western) a yearling bull. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > young bullocka1000 bulchin1330 ox calfa1450 bulkin1600 hog bull1811 novillo1831 1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 261 At this time it is used in a more extended sense for any animal of a year old, as a hog bull, a chilver hog sheep. 1853 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 17 Sept. 2 barren heifers, and one hog bull. 1884 Bristol Mercury 8 May 8/1 Cows and calves, £18 to £20; hog bulls, £8 to £12. hog colt n. now rare (in later use chiefly English regional (south-western)) a yearling colt. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [noun] > male > colt > of specific age hog colt1591 three-years1617 hogget1787 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Potrico A hog colt. 1705 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels Forefathers (1976) 178 Three mares and one hogg-colt £11 0s 0d. 1858 Bristol Mercury 30 Oct. 1/1 One hog colt, two weaning colts. 1899 Bristol Mercury 21 Oct. 1/6 Hog Colt, Sire Bold Gordon, Dam Duchess. † hog-fence n. Scottish Obsolete pasture fenced off for feeding young sheep during the winter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > sheep pasture > types of lamb's-lease1609 hog-fence1790 twinter1846 tussock land1881 1790 A. Macmillan Treat. Pasturage ii. ix. 216 There are many places, where sheep are not hirselled or kept in different parcels throught the whole season, that ewes may be kept on low ground upon hog fences. 1802 C. Findlater Gen. View Agric. County of Peebles 192 Some better and lower lying pasture is saved..for them [sc. lambs], for their Winter's provision; what is thus hained, is called the hog fence. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 12 On Monanday night he cam yont to stop the ewes aff the hogg-fence, the wind being eissel. 1827 W. Scott Let. in Ipswich Jrnl. 3 Nov. ‘In troth did I, Tam’, answered Andro... ‘I was at London, in a place they ca' the park, that is no like a hained hog-fence, or like the four-nooked parks in this country’. hog fleece n. the fleece obtained from the first shearing of a young sheep. ΚΠ 1778 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. II. 458 Five or six hog-fleeces weigh a stone. 1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern: North iv. 61 The weight of the hogg fleeces depends so entirely on their keep. 1906 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Weekly Sentinel 7 Feb. 14/7 The fact that the hog fleece is not shorn until so long after the birth of the animal makes the wool longer and staple. 2000 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 17 May 18 Cheviot hogg fleeces will show the biggest increase of 44.9% to 66.2p per kg. † hog-fold n. Obsolete a fold in which young sheep are kept. ΚΠ a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 182 The ground becomes much more trodden at that time of the year by the ewe-fold, than it would be by a weather fold, or an hog-fold. hog-gap n. English regional (northern) = hog hole n. (a) at Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > passage or gate for sheep sheep-gate1535 swing-gate1774 folding-slap1787 hog-gap1878 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Hog-gap, a covered opening in a wall for sheep to pass through. hog lamb n. [attested earliest as a surname: Oliver Hoglamb (1218)] a castrated male lamb. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > male > castrated or wether > at specific stage in life dinmont1424 hog lamb1810 1810 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 13 Dec. Two hog lambs having been found in a Field..whoever can prove them to be their property, may have them restored. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 38 When a female, it is a ewe-lamb, when a male a tup-lamb, and this last name is changed to hogg-lamb, when the creature undergoes emasculation. 1986 Shetland Life Nov. 12/1 Anyone who has sold store lambs this year will have seen that..buyers are only picking the best of the hog lambs. 1999 H. Pearson in Northern Echo 9 Mar. 4 I used to meet farmers and think, ‘what the hell is that, what is a hog lamb?’ hog sheep n. now rare a yearling sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > defined by age > one year old or sheared once shearling1378 hoggaster1388 hogget1421 shear-sheep1503 shear-hog?1523 hoggerel1530 shear wether hog1537 teg1537 hog sheep1552 lamb-hog1607 shearinga1642 two-teeth1776 hogling1856 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum at Shepe Shepe of two shere, or hauinge two tethe called a hogge shepe. 1667 Comenio's Dict. 584 They did also pull off the fleeces of hog-sheep (whom now a days we shear). 1716 C. Morris Diary 7 Sept. (1934) 138 Of Thomas Lovel for keeping 25 Hogg-sheep from All Saint's to Candlemass Day. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon xiv. 346 The ewes and lambs, with the preceding year's hog sheep, are brought down from the forests in the beginning of November. 1967 E. Kerridge Agric. Revol. xi. 44 Hog sheep were not usually put on the meadows..but were kept on the higher downs. hog wool n. wool from a yearling sheep; the fleece produced by a sheep's first shearing (see sense 4b). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > fleece > [noun] > types of shearling1481 wool1495 hog wool1653 hog1824 fallen fleece1867 shirling1869 yearlings1888 1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 6 I have found, that Hogs-wooll, of severall colours, makes good grounds. 1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law II. 426 The parishioners insisted, that they ought to pay no tithe of hog wool (that is, of the wool of sheep of a year old). 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 139 The ewe and hogg wools are kept separate, so as to distinguish them. 1999 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 26 Nov. 2 Blackface ranged from 70p/kg for hog wool to an average 84p/kg for ‘carpet white’. d. In names of animals resembling a pig in some respect, or infesting pigs. † hog-ape n. Obsolete rare a baboon (genus Papio); cf. dog-ape n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3b(a). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon) baboon?a1425 mancowea1500 babiona1529 hog-ape1608 bavian1678 hog-monkey1746 hog-faced ape1793 babuina1882 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 117 The snoute is like to the snoute of a Hog-ape, alwayes gaping. 1846 W. Youatt Pig (1847) i. 3 Aristotle speaks of a hog-ape, which has been since supposed to refer to one of the baboon tribe. hog badger n. †(a) a supposed variety of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, having the head (or feet) resembling those of a pig; cf. dog-badger n. at dog n.¹ Compounds 3b(a); (obsolete); (b) a large badger, Arctonyx collaris, found in the forests of eastern Asia, having a long, mobile, piglike snout and dark facial stripes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger) > parts of hog badger1611 swine-badger1688 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger) sand-badger1873 sand bear1883 hog badger1962 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Taisson porchin, the hog Badger; is footed, and snowted like a swine. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 218 There are two Sorts of Badgers, viz. the Dog-Badger, as resembling the Dog in his Feet; and a Hog-Badger, as resembling a Hog in his cloven Hoofs. 1835 Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. I. 280/2 The dog-badger and hog-badger may both belong to the same litter, or the same individual may be a dog-badger one year and a hog-badger the next. 1962 M. Burton Syst. Dict. Mammals of World 166 Hog-Badger (Arctonyx collaris) replaces Meles meles in S.E. Asia; hog-like snout, roots in ground like a pig. 2004 Webactive 14 Oct. 118/1 Did you know that there [are] many different species of badger, including the stink badger, hog badger and ferret badger? † hog-beetle n. Obsolete (a) a weevil (family Curculionidae); (b) a pill woodlouse, Armadillidium vulgare (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Curculionidae or genus Curculio > member of (weevil) weevilc725 gurgolionc1420 boudc1440 malt boud1440 malt-worm1440 minta1500 weezela1533 kis1658 pope1658 pipe beetle1712 piper1712 hog-beetle1758 rhynchophore1875 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Arthostraca > order Isopoda > family Armadillilidae or genus Armadillo > member of cheslip1530 millipede1612 pill millipede1815 hog-beetlec1830 pill bug1843 pill woodlouse1863 pill worm1882 1758 T. Flloyd & J. Hill tr. J. Swammerdam Bk. Nature ii. x. 125/1 I preserve also six species of Beetles with long necks and Hogs noses, which I therefore call flying Hogs, or Hog Beetles. c1830 J. Clare Peterborough MS A49 in Nat. Hist. Prose Writings (1983) 74 Spiders will coil up their legs & lie still & the hog beetle will roll itself into a round ball & scarcely open if laid by a fire. 1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 895/1 In the hog-beetles, Curculionidæ,..the head is elongated forwards, and the mouth is situated at the extremity of a long rostrum or beak. hog caterpillar n. U.S. the larva of an American hawk moth, the Virginia creeper sphinx ( Darapsa myron), which feeds on the leaves of Virginia creeper and grapevine. ΚΠ 1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 229 The forepart of the body presents a resemblance to the head and snout of a hog. This suggested the generical name of Chœrocampa, or hog-caterpillar. 1901 M. C. Dickerson Moths & Butterflies ii. 238 A caterpillar that is very common in July and August on grape and Virginia creeper..is the so-called ‘Hog-caterpillar of the Vine’. 1993 R. H. Arnett Amer. Insects 598/1 D. myron (Cramer) (Virginia-creeper Sphinx; Grape-vine Sphinx; Hog Caterpillar). hogchoke n. U.S. (now rare) = hogchoker n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Soleidae (soles) > member of genus Achirus (hog-choke) hogchoke1857 1857 Harper's Mag. Mar. 442 The refuse fish commonly taken (in North Carolina) are sturgeon..hog-choke, or flounder, lampreys, and common eels. 1911 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 63 15 Achirus fasciatus Lacépède. ‘Hog Choke’. 1995 W. H. Turner Chesapeake Boyhood (1997) 196 Most identifications of this bird's catch have shown menhaden, eel, ‘hogchoke’, or other fish of no commercial or sporting value. hogchoker n. U.S. an American sole, Trinectes maculatus (family Achiridae), found off eastern coasts of the United States. ΚΠ 1855 Smithsonian Inst. Rep. 1854 350 The New York Sole..is familiarly known at Beesley's point under the name of hog-choker, as when seized by the hogs it doubles itself up, and, filling the œsophagus, obstinately resists by the scabrous nature of its scales all effort on the part of the animal to swallow it. 1938 Ecol. Monogr. 8 341 Like other members of the order Heterosomata there was a great abundance of the hogchoker in September, 1932, both in Barataria Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xv. 268/1 The cynoglossid tonguefishes..[include] species that invade rivers (e.g., the hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus), as well as purely freshwater forms. † hog-faced ape n. Obsolete rare = hog-ape n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon) baboon?a1425 mancowea1500 babiona1529 hog-ape1608 bavian1678 hog-monkey1746 hog-faced ape1793 babuina1882 1793 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 3) I. 187 Hog-faced Ape, Simia Porcaria. hogmolly n. North American either of two freshwater fishes of eastern North America: (a) = hogsucker n.; (b) the logperch, Percina caprodes (family Percidae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Catostomidae (suckers) > unspecified and miscellaneous types sucker1753 jumping-mullet1767 buffalo-fish1774 buffalo1789 red horse1796 sucking carp1804 carpsucker1828 hogmolly1877 hogsucker1877 suckerel1888 hog mullet1889 1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 10 346 [Hypentelium nigricans] Water basin of the Etowah and Oostanaula... Known as the Hog-molly (Mullet), Crawl-a-bottom, and Hog Sucker. 1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. III.) 499 P. caprodes..Log Perch; Rock-fish; Hog-molly; Hog-fish. 1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 The hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans... It is also called hammerhead, hog molly, hog mullet, [etc.]. 1983 G. C. Becker Fishes Wisconsin 907 Logperch—Percina caprodes... Other common names: zebra fish,..hogmolly. † hog-monkey n. Obsolete rare = hog-ape n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Papio (baboon) baboon?a1425 mancowea1500 babiona1529 hog-ape1608 bavian1678 hog-monkey1746 hog-faced ape1793 babuina1882 1746 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant: Suppl. vii. 92 Orang-Outangs; or, according to the literal Interpretation, Hog-Monkeys or Baboons. But, besides the Length and curled Fashion of their Tails, the very Shape and Attitude of the Animals themselves, shew them to be much nearer related..to the Hog, than to the Monkey Kind. hog mouse n. (a) North American the bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis (obsolete rare); (b) English regional a shrew (genus Sorex) (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Soricidae > genus Sorex (shrew) shrewc725 mygalea1382 ranny1559 shrewmouse1572 hardishrew1601 muset1601 earth-shrew1607 sorex1607 spitemouse1668 hog mouse1743 wight1795 thraw-mouse1825 saddleback1948 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Cricetidae hog mouse1743 water rat1785 Norway lemming1829 Aspalax1860 1743 J. Isham Observ. Hudsons Bay (1949) 150 Mice here are Chiefly what they call in other parts hog mice, and are Very Numerious [sic] in the marshes grouting the ground with their nose, from which proceeds the name of hog mice. 1746 W. Ellis Agric. Improv'd I. May vii. 36 But it happened, that good Part of his Bean-crop was spoiled by Hog or Shrew-mice. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 330 Hogmouse, the shrew-mouse, or little snouted mouse. Mus araneus... The name has obviously been suggested from its long nose like a pig's. 1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 744 A neighbor..has..spoken of his experience with ‘hog mice’... He came to this country many years ago from Northamptonshire, England... This mythical rodent..has a head and face fashioned exactly like that of a hog. hog mullet n. North American = hogsucker n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Catostomidae (suckers) > unspecified and miscellaneous types sucker1753 jumping-mullet1767 buffalo-fish1774 buffalo1789 red horse1796 sucking carp1804 carpsucker1828 hogmolly1877 hogsucker1877 suckerel1888 hog mullet1889 1889 Cent. Dict. Hog-molly, the hog-mullet or hog-sucker, Hypentelium nigricans. 1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 The hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans... It is also called hammerhead, hog molly, hog mullet, [etc.]. 1983 G. C. Becker Fishes Wisconsin 678 Northern Hog Sucker—Hypentelium nigricans... Other common names:..hog mullet,..pugamoo. hog-perch n. U.S. rare the logperch, Percina caprodes (family Percidae). ΚΠ 1899 N.E.D. Hog-perch. 1905 Rep. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1904 600 Those I captured were a small perch (Perca flavescens), a related form sometimes known as log-perch or hog-perch (Percina caprodes), and a small minnow. † hog-rabbit n. Obsolete the paca, Cuniculus paca. ΚΠ a1825 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVI. 793/2 They are sometimes called Hog Rabbits, and are natives of Brazil. 1852 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. (new ed.) 111/2 The spotted cavy (Cœlogenys paca)... Its shape is thick and clumsy, somewhat like that of a pig, for which reason it has been sometimes called the hog-rabbit. † hog-rat n. Obsolete rare a hutia (genus Capromys). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Hystricomorpha (porcupine or guinea-pig) > [noun] > family Capromyidae (hutia) pilori1763 musk cavy1771 muskrat1774 coypu1793 nutria1811 hutia1834 hog-rat1847 tree-rat1885 1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §147 Connecting the Rats with the Marmots is a curious animal of larger size, the Capromys or Hog-rat, which inhabits Cuba. This is a climbing, not a burrowing species..and feeds entirely on vegetable matter. 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. 80/2 Capromys, the hog-rat, a genus of rodent animals, different species of which are found in the West Indies. hogsucker n. any of several suckers (fishes) of the genus Hypentelium (family Catastomidae), occurring in freshwater in eastern North America; esp. (more fully northern hogsucker) the widespread H. nigricans. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Catostomidae (suckers) > unspecified and miscellaneous types sucker1753 jumping-mullet1767 buffalo-fish1774 buffalo1789 red horse1796 sucking carp1804 carpsucker1828 hogmolly1877 hogsucker1877 suckerel1888 hog mullet1889 1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 10 346 [Hypentelium nigricans] Water basin of the Etowah and Oostanaula... Known as the Hog-molly (Mullet), Crawl-a-bottom, and Hog Sucker. 1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 36 76 Hog suckers may easily be caught on worms or snared with a loop or hook as they lie quietly in shallow water. 1999 W. L. Heat Moon River Horse 22 How impoverished the river would be without stonerollers, horny-head chubs, comely shiners, margined madtoms, northern hogsuckers, [etc.]. hog tapir n. now rare either of two tapirs: (a) Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdii, found from Mexico to Ecuador; (b) the Malayan tapir, T. indicus. ΚΠ 1880 F. L. Oswald Summerland Sketches iii. 90 A greater curiosity..was the tame porcasso, or hog-tapir, the fattest, laziest, and..the ugliest habitant of the Tierra Caliente. 1923 F. Burnett Summer Isles of Eden xviii. 140 The tiger, Malay bear, and the hog-tapir are fairly common, as well as several species of deer. 1956 A. Cuyas Appleton's Spanish–English Dict. (ed. 4) 426/1 Porcaso, hog tapir. † hog-tick n. Obsolete rare the pig louse, Haematopinus suis. ΚΠ 1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 685 The Hog-tick..is found only upon swine, and not universally even upon those animals. e. In the names of plants chiefly eaten by, considered only fit for, or used as food for pigs. hog apple n. North American the mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > podophyllum or May-apple mayapple1731 duck's foot1755 Indian apple1833 hog apple1837 lime-plant1844 Podophyllum1844 mandrake1845–50 wild lemon1882 1837 W. Darlington Flora Cestrica (ed. 2) 318 Peltate Podophyllum... May Apple. Hog Apple. 1928 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 24 May 20/6 Podophyllum, or foot leaf... Its common names..are May Apple, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple and Mandrake. 2004 H. P. Loewer Jefferson's Garden 161 Because of their fruit, May-apples are also known as Devil's apple, hog apple, Indian apple and wild lemon. hog-bed n. U.S. †(a) a moss, probably Polytrichum commune (obsolete rare); (b) the clubmoss Lycopodium complanatum; also called ground pine. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > other mosses golden maidenhair1578 polytrichon1578 bryon1597 maidenhair moss1597 mountain coralline1598 chalice-moss1610 purple bottle1650 water moss1663 fern-moss1698 hypnum1753 Mnium1754 rock tripe1763 feather-moss1776 scaly water-moss1796 screw moss1804 hog-bed1816 fringe-moss1818 caribou moss1831 apple moss1841 bristle-moss1844 scale-moss1846 anophyte1850 robin's rye1854 wall moss1855 fork-moss1860 thread-moss1864 lattice moss1868 robin-wheat1886 the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns dwarf cypress1548 heath-cypress1551 pine1551 wolf's-claw1578 club-moss1597 wolf-claw1597 wolf's-foot1597 tree-moss1611 Selagoa1627 cypress-moss1640 mountain moss1688 lycopodium1706 stag's horn (also staghorn) moss1741 walking fern1814 tod-tails1820 Robin Hood's hatband1828 resurrection plant1841 ground-pine1847 forks and knives1853 fir club-moss1855 lycopod1861 Selaginella1865 foxtail1866 stag-head or stag's head moss1869 fir-moss1879 hog-bed1900 1816 Analectic Mag. Mar. 260 Polytrichum yuccæfolium?—‘Hog-weed, or hog-bed. ambrosia.’ This really appears to be a moss. 1900 A. B. Lyons Plant Names 233 L. complanatum L. Europe, Asia, N. America, south to N. Carolina and Michigan. Trailing Christmas-green, Ground Cedar,..Ground, Hog-bed. 1952 Amer. Fern Jrnl. 42 145 Lycopodium complanatum L.:..Ground Pine, Hog-bed, Princess Pine, Running Cedar, Trailing Christmas-green. hog grass n. (also hog's-grass) now rare any of various plants occurring chiefly as weeds in cultivated land; esp. knotweed, Polygonum aviculare, and sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus; cf. hogweed n. 1. ΚΠ 1849 W. Raynbird & H. Raynbird On Agric. Suffolk 27 The skim-plough..does not choke..from the quantity of hog-grass or wireweed with which the stubbles are sometimes covered after harvest. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 262 Hog Grass, Senebiera Coronopus, Poir.—Warw. 1925 W. J. Malden Actual Farming II. iii. 77 Many barley soils are troubled with annual weeds such as goose-grass, charlock,..hog-grass (Polygonum aviculare), poppy, etc. 1941 Primitive Man 14 64 Chicorée, Hog Grass, Choctaw Grass,..(Sonchus oleraceus) (European). † hog pea n. Obsolete the field pea, a cultivated variety of Pisum sativum; also grey hog pea; cf. hog-pease n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant rouncival1570 garden pea1573 field pease1597 vale-grey1615 rose pea1629 hotspur1663 seven-year pea1672 rathe-ripe1677 huff-codc1680 pigeon pea1683 hog-pease1686 shrub pea1691 field pea1707 pea1707 crown pea1726 maple rouncival1731 marrowfat1731 moratto1731 pig pea1731 sickle-pea1731 hog pea1732 maple pea1732 marrow pea1733 black eye?1740 egg-pea1744 magotty bay bean1789 Prussian1804 maple grey1805 partridge pea1812 Prussian blue1822 scimitar1834 marrow1855 fill-basket1881 string-pea1891 mattar1908 vining pea1959 1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer: 2nd Pt. 50 In some Places, they cut up their Turf or Peat and burn it to Ashes to dress their Ground with. Here they drill and hough their Hog-peas. 1796 T. Jefferson Garden Bk. (1999) 250 I am trying the white boiling pea of Europe (the Albany pea) this year, till I can get the hog pea of England, which is the most productive of all. 1855 P. Neill Pract. Fruit, Flower & Veg. Gardener's Compan. 175 Of the Pea (Pisum sativum) there are two principal varieties cultivated in England, the Field or Gray Hog Pea, and the Garden Pea. 1875 Times 7 Dec. 7/5 Both hog peas and those for boiling were firm. hog peanut n. North American a North American twining plant, Amphicarpaea bracteata (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)), having pink-purple flowers and fleshy, pea-shaped fruits. ΚΠ 1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 96 Amphicarpæa... Hog Pea-nut. 1903 Indiana (Pa.) Progress 14 Jan. 7/2 A climbing vine in country places is the hog peanut. Its leaflets are three in number, rounded at the bottom. 2005 E. J. Czarapata Invasive Plants Upper Midwest 161 As its name implies, hog peanut is a member of the Legume family... It is quite common in woods where it sprawls along the ground. † hog-pease n. Obsolete = hog pea n. (Chiefly with plural agreement or as a mass noun: cf. pease n. 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant rouncival1570 garden pea1573 field pease1597 vale-grey1615 rose pea1629 hotspur1663 seven-year pea1672 rathe-ripe1677 huff-codc1680 pigeon pea1683 hog-pease1686 shrub pea1691 field pea1707 pea1707 crown pea1726 maple rouncival1731 marrowfat1731 moratto1731 pig pea1731 sickle-pea1731 hog pea1732 maple pea1732 marrow pea1733 black eye?1740 egg-pea1744 magotty bay bean1789 Prussian1804 maple grey1805 partridge pea1812 Prussian blue1822 scimitar1834 marrow1855 fill-basket1881 string-pea1891 mattar1908 vining pea1959 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. iii. 212/2 There are several sorts, as the Green, the Gray, or Hog-pease. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. vi. 39 Our Farmers, never fail to sow Hog-pease..for the great Service their Stalks do the Farmer, in supplying him with the best of Corn-fodder. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 183 A few hog-pease and some beans, are occasionally cultivated. 1860 J. Curtis Farm Insects 377 Marrowfat and early pease suffer most, hog-pease the least, from their attacks. hog's bane n. (a) = henbane n. 1; †(b) the goosefoot Chenopodium murale (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > henbane henbanea1300 henbell?a1350 hendwalea1400 close-wortc1450 symphonia1597 goose-bane1600 hog's bane1600 hog's bean1600 English tobacco1653 jusquiam1727 hyoscyamus1799 mountain hemp1882 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxiv. 150 If he haue eaten of henbane which ancient men haue called the hogs beane..he must be made to drinke the decoction of wilde cucumers. 1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 83/1 Hen-Bane, Hogs-Bane. 1835 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) 235 The common, or nettle-leaved, Goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) has also, we know not why, the name Sowbane, or Hogsbane. 1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hog's bane, the Chenopodium murale. 1909 O. Jones Ten Years of Game-keeping xviii. 286 I think he must have meant hog's-bane or henbane. † hog's bread n. Obsolete any of several plants eaten by pigs, esp. the European cyclamen, Cyclamen europaeum (also called sowbread); cf. hog meat n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > cyclamen earth applelOE dill-nuta1450 swine-bread1526 rape violet1548 cyclamen?1550 sow-bread?1550 sow's bread1558 lady's seal1592 hog's bread1607 sow-wort1838 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 117 The same gall with a little hoggs-bread. 1679 W. Winstanley Country-man's Guide 88 If the Neck is swollen, and you are affraid of a Swelling with Matter and Filth, then open it with a red hot Iron, and put into the hole the Root of Hog's-bread, of Nettles, renewing oftentimes the same. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hogs~beans, Hogs-bread, and Hogs-fennel, several sorts of Herbs. † hog's eye n. Obsolete rare any of various plants (chiefly of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae)) having flowers thought to resemble the eye of a pig.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > other composite plants wild sagea1400 yellow devil's-bita1400 white golda1425 cotula1578 golden cudweed1597 golden tuft1597 rattlesnake root1682 Cape tansy?1711 hawkbit1713 ambrosia1731 cabbage tree1735 hog's eye1749 Osteospermum1754 ox-tongue1760 scentless mayweed1800 old man's beard1804 ox-eye1818 echinacea1825 sheep's beard1836 shepherd's beard1840 cat's-ear1848 goatweed1869 silversword1888 khaki bush1907 venidium1937 khaki bos1947 Namaqualand daisy1963 1749 J. Barrow Dict. Medicum Universale Hyophthalmos, Hog's eye. 1 A name for the Aster... 2 A name for a species of Achates. 1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hyophthalmus, the hog's eye plant, supposed to be the Buphthalmum spinosum, from the likeness of its flowers to a hog's eye. hog's garlic n. rare the plant ramsons, Allium ursinum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > allium plants allium1600 honey garlic1848 hog's garlic1884 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 64/1 Hog's-Garlic, Allium ursinum. 2005 J. Seidemann World Spice Plants 27/1 Allium ursinum. Common names..gipsy onion, hog's garlic, ramsons, [etc.]. hog-slip n. chiefly Caribbean (now rare) any of several climbing plants formerly used as food for pigs; cf. hog meat n. 1c. ΚΠ 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 171 Hog-slip, this is a trailing herbaceous vine, cloathed with sharp-pointed leaves. 1855 H. G. Dalton Hist. Brit. Guiana II. 199/1 (table) Hog slip, or hog vine..Convolvulus umbellatus. 1952 in F. G. Cassidy & R. B. LePage Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) 227/2 Hog-slip, same as hog-meat. † hogs madder n. Obsolete rare common ragwort, Jacobaea vulgaris. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ragwort groundsela700 ragwortc1300 bunweeda1525 senecio1562 St. James's wort1578 rugwort1592 felon-weed1597 staggerwort1597 staverwort1597 yellow-weed1597 ragweed1610 swine's grassa1697 hogs madder1707 sea-ragwort1736 dog standard1767 Jacobaea1789 swinecress1803 benweed1823 fly-dod1826 mountain groundsel1830 cushag1843 fairies' horse1866 Oxford ragwort1884 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 187 For the Gargol in Hogs..Take Angelico, Rue, Staverwort, or Hogs Madder, and May-weed. hog's potato n. (also hog potato) chiefly North American the Californian plant death camas, Zygadenus venenosus (family Melanthaceae), whose underground bulbs are eaten by pigs. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Potato, Hog's, Zygadenus venenosus. 1893 Nevada State Jrnl. 11 May 4/2 A closely allied species..is commonly known where found as ‘Death Camass’ and ‘Hog's Potato’. 1934 L. L. Haskin Wild Flowers Pacific Coast 35 Hogs..are not affected by the poison of the plant, and even appear to relish and thrive on it, which has given it among its common names that of ‘hog potato’. 2003 H. L. Barnes Lucky 246 Stella stood in her garden smoking and staring at a weed called hog's potato. † hog's snout n. [after post-classical Latin rostrum porcinum (14th cent. in a British glossarial source)] Obsolete rare a plant (not identified: perhaps sowthistle or dandelion); cf. swine snout n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun] smearwortc725 evenlesteneOE hovec1000 hindheala1300 vareworta1300 falcc1310 holwort1350 spigurnela1400 rush?a1425 buck's tonguec1450 lich-walec1450 lich-wortc1450 vine-bind1483 finter-fanter?a1500 heartwood1525 wake-wort1530 Our Lady's gloves1538 bacchar1551 hog's snout1559 centron1570 lady's glove1575 sharewort1578 kite's-foot1580 Magdalene1589 astrophel1591 eileber1597 exan1597 blue butterflower1599 bybbey1600 oenothera1601 rhodora1601 shamefaced1605 mouse-foot1607 Byzantine1621 popinjay1629 priest's bonnet1685 Indian weed1687 foal-bit1706 shepherd's bodkin1706 bottle-head1714 walking leaf1718 French apple1736 bugleweed1771 night-weed1810 beggar-weed1878 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 367 The juice of Hamsig, Plantain,..Rostrum porcinum or Hogges snout. hog's-succory n. (also hog succory) any of several plants of the genera Arnoseris and Hyoseris (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), esp. A. minima; also called lamb's succory. ΚΠ 1845 P. N. Don Donn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis (ed. 13) 540 Hyoseris..Hog-succory. 1928 Amer. Botanist 34 9 From our ‘chickory’ or ‘true succory’, Arnoseris minima gets its name of ‘dwarf succory’ or ‘lamb's-’, ‘swine's-’ or ‘hog's-succory’. hogwort n. †(a) a European plant, perhaps cow parsnip, Heracleum sphondylium (obsolete rare); (b) North American the plant woolly croton, Croton capitatus (formerly Heptalon graveolens; family Euphorbiaceae), found chiefly in the southern and eastern United States.Sense (a) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1805 T. Lewis Welsh-Eng. Dict. 209/1 Llyniau'r moch, hogwort. 1846 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 6) 381/2 Hogwort, Heptallon graveolens. 1935 W. C. Muenscher Weeds 329 Hogwort. A native annual, frequently encroaching on sandy fields. 1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden iii. 56 The hogwort..is a splendid weed of precisely the sort I cannot resist, and through incredible good fortune I have been given two young plants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). hogn.² Brit. /hɒɡ/, U.S. /hɔɡ/, /hɑɡ/ Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymon: hog n.¹ Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare hog v.² Perhaps a specific use of hog n.¹ (the heap being taken to resemble a hog), but this would not explain the form hod which is found in the same senses as both noun and verb in English regional (especially western) use (see Eng. Dial. Dict. at hod n.² and v.¹).A connection with Middle English (rare) hoge hill or mound (see Middle Eng. Dict. at hōge n.) or with post-classical Latin hoga in similar use (from 12th cent. in British sources) is unlikely on formal and chronological grounds. English regional (chiefly north-western). A heap of earth and straw used to store potatoes, turnips, etc.; = clamp n.³ 2a. Also with distinguishing word. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > pitting or clamping > pit or clamp pitc1500 hog1729 potato pie1807 silo1835 potato pit1844 clamp1881 1729 P. Walkden Diary 14 Oct. (1866) 49 Spent the day wholly at home in helping son John to lay up great potatoes; and put 20 bushels in the first hog, and 14 bushels in the second hog. 1778 Lett. to Agric. Soc. Manch. i. 2 I took an equal quantity of fine potatoes (what we call Manleys) out of the hog; one part I kept moist and cool, which made them full of virtue and firm. 1799 Ann. Agric. 33 213 The usual mode of preserving potatoes in this country is in hogs, as they are called. 1857 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 18 i. 108 The potatoes are brought out of the ‘hogs’, or ‘graves’, or ‘pits’—all of which are provincial terms for the same mode of covering them with straw and earth. 1881 Manch. Weekly Times 8 Jan. 6/1 A bag of flour had been ‘planted’ at the end of a turnip hog. 1943 A. W. Boyd Country Diary Cheshire Man (1946) iv. 283 Soon afterwards the farm, which had been fairly free from rats, was ‘shying’ with them, and a potato hog collapsed through their tunnelling. 1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Hog, a potato clamp. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hogv.¹ Brit. /hɒɡ/, U.S. /hɔɡ/, /hɑɡ/ Forms: 1600s hogg, 1700s– hog, 1800s hogh. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hog n.¹ Etymology: < hog n.¹Although they are both in nautical use, senses 1 and 2 are not connected; sense 2 probably arose from the resemblance to the line of a hog's back. 1. transitive. Nautical. To clean (a ship's bottom or sides) by scrubbing, esp. with a hog (hog n.¹ 10). Also intransitive.Before 19th cent., only with ship as object. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > scouring, scrubbing, or rubbing > scour, scrub, or rub [verb (transitive)] ruokenc1275 scour?a1366 ruba1382 shorec1460 off-scour1578 scrubc1595 to rub up1605 hog1651 scummer1678 scurrifunge1789 1651 W. Penn in Manuscripts Duke of Portland (Hist. MSS. Comm.) (1893) II. 79 Wee came to Gibraltar to hogg and wash our shipp &c. 1664 T. Allin Jrnl. 19 Sept. (1939) (modernized text) I. 153 We hogged our ship, got two pinnaces of water aboard. 1664 T. Allin Jrnl. 10 Nov. (1939) (modernized text) I. 177 We hogged and got three boats of wood off. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Goreter, to hog a vessel; to apply the hog. 1778 T. Pasley Private Sea Jrnls. 14 Mar. (1931) 18 Hogg'd and scrub'd ship both sides. 1843 J. O. McWilliam Med. Hist. Exped. to Niger ii. iii. 169 It was necessary to get a stage on board, which had been for some days along-side, the people having been employed ‘hogging’ the ship's bottom. 1866 Trans. Inst. Naval Architects 7 159 Leaving it to the energy of the captain to hog and clean his ship's bottom whenever opportunity admits of it. 1979 P. O'Brian Fortune of War ii. 80 He was not one to badger the hands with jib and staysails after a wearing day hogging and boot-topping the ship's weed-grown sides for some minute increase of speed. 2. a. transitive. Nautical. To cause (a ship, its keel, etc.) to arch upwards in the middle and droop at the ends as a result of physical forces, a fracture, excess weight, etc. Also in extended use. Usually in passive. Opposed to sag v. 5b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > cause to droop at ends hog1727 1727 A. Boyer Dictionaire Royal (rev. ed.) at Arquer The Keel is hogged, or bent. 1787 W. Hutchinson Treat. Pract. Seamanship (ed. 2) 13 And in proportion hogs the ship amidships. ?1798 ‘P. Pindar’ Tales of Hoy 51 A..very bad world indeed in some parts—hogged the moment it was launched—a number of rotten timbers! 1802 Naval Chron. 8 257 The Mars..received some damage, which has hogged her a little. 1860 J. S. Bosworth Rep. Cases in Superior Court of N.Y. III. 195 This peril was a sea-peril, to wit: the peril of the vessel being hogged, broken-backed by the force of the sea, her bow being fast, and her stern free and beating about. 1886 Leeds Mercury 13 Sept. 8/4 Soundings were made, and it was found that the steamer was hogged amidships. 1909 G. B. Merrick Old Times Upper Mississippi ix. 75 With sufficient power, the steamer might be lifted bodily off the bar, without ‘hogging’ the boat—the technical term for bending or breaking the hull out of shape. 1983 W. F. Spencer Confederate Navy in Europe vii. 181 Fauntleroy further was worried that the grounding had ‘hogged’ the ship. 1990 C. R. Johnson Middle Passage (1991) viii. 183 I could not hear his voice, but knew he was saying the ship was hogged, falling to pieces around our heads. b. intransitive. Nautical. Of a ship, its keel, etc.: to arch upwards in the middle and droop at the ends as a result of physical forces, a fracture, excess weight, etc. Opposed to sag v. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > droop at ends or in middle camber1758 hog1777 sag1777 1777 W. Hutchinson Treat. Pract. Seamanship 13 And that their bottoms not only hog upwards, but sag (or curve) downwards, to dangerous and fatal degrees. 1803 Deb. Congr. U.S. 19 Jan. (1851) 407/1 He did not..believe that there would be any more danger of the ship's hogging, when lowered down..than when on the stocks. 1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 3 She hogged, or broke her sheer..one foot two inches. 1875 Nat. Encycl. XI. 662 In rough water, there is a tendency to hog and to sag alternately. 1941 Mariner's Mirror 27 195 If..the vessel when waterborne has hogged or sagged..she will, when placed in dry-dock upon a line of straight keel blocks, tend to adjust herself accordingly. 1986 T. Lane Grey Dawn Breaking iv. 97 At our end you had all the weight of the cargo and at the other end you had the weight of the engine, so the ship was tending to hog. 2006 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 6 Sept. 6 It encountered severe storms in the North Atlantic and, according to the master, hogged as it climbed a particularly large wave. †c. transitive. To arch (the back). Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > arch the back hog1803 1803 Duke of Wellington Let. to Lieut.-Gen. Stuart in Dispatches (1837) II. 18 The..draught bullocks always suffer by exposure. They stick in the mud, hog their backs, droop their heads and die. 1850 ‘H. Hieover’ Pract. Horsemanship 193 The vicious plunger..sets his mouth against the bit, gets his head down, claps his tail between his legs, hogs up his back. 1860 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. I. 85 They [sc. asses] hog and buck till they burst their frail girths. 1889 D. Macintyre Hindu-Koh xii. 186 The fish were rising well: not merely jumping and hogging their backs out of water. d. transitive. Engineering. To cause (a beam, girder, etc.) to arch upwards in the middle and droop at the ends. Also intransitive: to rise in the middle in this way. ΚΠ 1850 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Jan. 24 Secondly, the tension on the sole-bars tending to hog the waggon frame, being the reverse of the action of the ordinary spring. 1887 T. C. Fidler Pract. Treat. Bridge-constr. 129 From A to T the girder will be deflected downwards, or hogged. 1956 Archit. Rev. 119 143/2 Owing to the eccentric placing of the prestressing wires,..there is always the tendency for the units to ‘hog’, i.e., to assume a permanent deflection upwards during stressing. 2001 P. Beckman in P. Campbell Learning from Constr. Failures iii. 27 That restraint in turn produced a tension..when the pre-tensioned roof beam hogged. 3. transitive. To crop (a horse's mane) close to the neck; (formerly also) †to crop the mane of (a horse) (obsolete). Cf. hog mane n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > clip mane hog1769 roach1803 1769 Dublin Mercury 25 Sept. 1/3 A sorrel Horse..his mane hogged last May. 1827 W. Scott Two Drovers in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xiv. 312 A well-looked smart little man upon a pony, most knowingly hogged and cropped, as was then the fashion. 1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 63 731 Her neck was thick, and rendered more so in appearance by reason of her mane not being roached (or in English hogged). 1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training vi. 42 Some, perhaps, would wish to plait or shave the tail and crimp or hog the mane to complete the picture. 1913 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 Oct. 4/1 Then so as to disguise its identity, he had hogged the mane and cut the tail. 1988 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) Great Outdoors Suppl. 30 Sept. 7/2 Hogging a mane means clipping it right back to the crest. 2007 Horse & Rider Oct. 87/1 Lynn has a lot of cobs and for the show ring, it is correct for them to have their manes hogged. 4. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To keep (a lamb) over winter for sale the following year. Cf. hog n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > keep lamb over winter hog1778 1778 [implied in: A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. II. 305 The lambs that I intend for hogging, in order to keep up the stock, are marked early in the summer. (at 1778 at hogging n. 1)]. 1807 Farmer's Mag. May 202 Our lambs were handled last week..twenty score were sold and..the remainder are to be weaned and hogged. 1853 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 14 ii. 298 A good many of the lambs usually sold fat have been hogged, and kept on to be sold when fat. 1853 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 14 ii. 300 From the high rates of holding lambs, many farmers last season hogged the lambs. 1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern: North ix. 183 Hundreds of acres are now let for hogging black-faces off the Grampians. 1935 Farm Economist 1 239 Farmers were introducing Down rams for fat lamb production instead of keeping their flocks pure and hogging the lambs. †5. transitive. English regional (northern). To carry on the back. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > carry > carry on back or shoulders horsec1560 hog1781 back1840 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Hog, to carry on the back. 6. transitive. Curling. To play (a stone) with too little force for it to clear the hog line. Also figurative. Cf. hog n.¹ 12. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (transitive)] > actions ride1771 draw1787 guard1787 strike1811 hog1822 inwick1823 outwick1830 promote1937 1822 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 12 307 There's no a merchant amang us that's no hogged mair or less. 1866 Royal Caledonian Curling Club Ann. 277 I declare if his stone benna hoggit! 1888 G. Sproat Rose o' Dalma Linn 11 And to tell the woeful story, I was ‘hogging’ every stone. 1922 T. S. Cairncross Scot at Hame 17 And on life's rink their stanes are hogged And no' hauf up. 2001 B. Weeks Curling for Dummies vii. 84 Hogging a rock is considered a big no-no. At some clubs, they even make you pay a price every time you hog a rock. 7. colloquial. a. transitive. To eat (something) greedily. Chiefly with down. Cf. pig v. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously forswallowOE gulch?c1225 afretea1350 moucha1350 glop1362 gloup1362 forglut1393 worrya1400 globbec1400 forsling1481 slonk1481 franch1519 gull1530 to eat up1535 to swallow up1535 engorge1541 gulp1542 ramp1542 slosh1548 raven1557 slop1575 yolp1579 devour1586 to throw oneself on1592 paunch1599 tire1599 glut1600 batten1604 frample1606 gobbet1607 to make a (also one's) meal on (also upon)a1616 to make a (also one's) meal of1622 gorge1631 demolish1639 gourmanda1657 guttle1685 to gawp up1728 nyam1790 gamp1805 slummock1808 annihilate1815 gollop1823 punish1825 engulf1829 hog1836 scoff1846 brosier1850 to pack away1855 wolf1861 locust1868 wallop1892 guts1934 murder1935 woof1943 pelicana1953 pig1979 1836 C. G. Eastman Rev. Jedediah Burchard's Serm., Addr. & Exhort. 117 They came to the communion table, and each of them drank two or three tumblers of wine, and hogged down all the bread. 1887 J. S. Draper Shams ix. 90 When his devoted and generous wife, Eve, passed the first dish of fruit to him in the garden, he grabbed the biggest apple on the plate, and hogged it down. 1928 M. Lowry Lett. (1967) 4 Sometime..wdst hog it over the way somewhere with me? a1930 D. H. Lawrence Last Poems (1933) 50 The only way to eat an apple is to hog it down like a pig And taste nothing. 1946 B. Marshall George Brown's Schooldays v. 24 The Bruiser did not pause to observe it, hogging down the mashed up mess in front of him. 1983 C. Thubron Among Russians (1985) iii. 60 A modern restaurant where I hogged down two bowls of the meat soup. 1999 J. Raban Passage to Juneau i. 19 The vegetarians abandoned their principles and hogged down plates of steak and french fries. b. transitive originally U.S. To appropriate greedily or selfishly, monopolize; esp. to use (the road) in a reckless and inconsiderate manner. Cf. hog n.¹ 6b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate > greedily or selfishly hog1884 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxvii. 233 Spose somebody has hogged that bag on the sly? 1888 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 13 Mar. 6/5 To ‘hog’ whatever there was in the business for themselves. 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous vi. 129 You..go hoggin' the road on the high seas with no blame consideration fer your neighbours. 1917 J. C. McCorquodale In Divers Moods 16 What blinking luck!—Let's have a sup: Don't hog the lot. My Christ! it's cold. 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas xxii. 237 Maybe that will teach you not to go crawling to directors so that they will let you hog the camera! 1956 W. Graham Sleeping Partner iv. 35 I hogged the road to Lewes cutting in and out among all the family 8-horse powers. 1959 Listener 26 Mar. 566/1 He never hogs the limelight. 1973 Freedom 7 July 1/4 The inquiry could go on without hogging the headlines from him. 2001 P. P. Read Alice in Exile (2002) i. ii. 5 ‘Did you talk to that girl called Alice Fry?’ ‘You hogged her. I didn't get a chance.’ c. intransitive. To behave like a road hog; to monopolize the road. Also transitive with it. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > driver or operator of a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive inconsiderately hog1914 1914 ‘I. Hay’ Knight on Wheels xx. 200 Now I will really hog it a bit: this is a lovely piece of road. 1925 R. J. B. Sellar Sporting Yarns 135 As they were hogging it through the country-side with the speedometer hovering over the sixty mark. 1925 Punch 22 Apr. 432 ‘Frightful rate that bike we just passed was going, wasn't it?’ ‘Yes. They ought to have the man for “hogging”.’ 1926 Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 875/1 Why don't you sound your hooter before hogging round corners? 1974 P. S. Bagwell Transport Revol. (1999) viii. 205 Huge clouds of dust..stirred up by the pleasure-seeking motorist ‘hogging’ along quiet country roads. d. transitive. To hinder (a person) by obstructing a radio transmission. Also figurative. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > communicate by radio [verb (transitive)] > interfere with hog1914 jam1914 heterodyne1923 1914 Pears' Christmas Annual 21/2 They [sc. ghosts] should be hogged till doomsday..if a single ship was on fire! 1914 Pears' Christmas Annual 21/2 The operator heard. He started up as if he had been hogged himself. 8. transitive. U.S. To allow hogs to forage and feed on (a crop or field), in order to remove superfluous vegetation. Frequently with down, off. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > eat off crop to eat off1733 spend1733 verdage1778 to fold off1794 hog1845 1845 Ohio Cultivator 1 Mar. 34/2 On uplands it is sown after corn is either cut off or ‘hogged down’. 1859 H. W. Beecher Pleasant Talk 93 Some of the best farmers in this region hog their corn-lands. 1863 Rep. Comm. Agric. 1862 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 82 I was forced to hog down my crop this year. 1936 J. Schafer Social Hist. Amer. Agric. iv. 131 On the farms that produce much corn, a field can usually be set aside to be ‘hogged down’ when ripe..thus saving on the cost of harvesting the crop and the expense of pen feeding. 1948 Clarke County Democrat (Grove Hill, Alabama) 19 Aug. 7/3 A good place to plant crimson clover and rye grass is where you hogged off peanuts. 1996 D. Looker Farmers for Future xvii. 165 Frantzen selects his replacement gilts from the sows that thrive on pasture and that do a good job of ‘hogging down’ corn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hogv.² Brit. /hɒɡ/, U.S. /hɔɡ/, /hɑɡ/ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hog n.² Etymology: Apparently < hog n.² (see discussion at that entry). English regional (chiefly north-western). Now rare. transitive. To cover a heap of (potatoes, turnips, etc.) with earth and straw, in order to preserve from decay. Cf. hog n.² ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [verb (transitive)] > pit or clamp pit1454 hog1725 pie1791 clamp1851 1725 P. Walkden Diary 20 Oct. (1866) (modernized text) 23 He..said he wanted to talk with me. I put off at present, being throng hogging up some of my potatoes. 1852 Preston Guardian 24 July 4/6 Mr. W. has gone upon the principle of placing the set rather shallow, and bringing the earth up to the potato and hogging them all round as cabbages are. 1869 Preston Guardian 17 Apr. 2/6 During last Autumn he ‘hogged’ a considerable quantity [of potatoes]. a1919 W. B. Kendall Forness Word Bk. (Cumbria County Archives, Barrow) (transcript of MS) Hog, to cover a heap of turnips &c with earth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1729v.¹1651v.²1725
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