† horen.

Forms: early Old English horch, Old English heras (plural, transmission error), Old English hor- (inflected form and in compounds), Old English horew- (inflected form), Old English horg, Old English horh, Old English horu, Old English horuw- (inflected form), Old English horw- (inflected form), Old English hrog (perhaps transmission error), Old English hrum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) horo- (in compounds), Old English (inflected form)–Middle English (in compounds, in copy of Old English charter) or-, late Old English hora- (in compounds), early Middle English heore (south-west midlands), early Middle English horewe (dative), early Middle English hori (dative), early Middle English horie (dative), Middle English hoore, Middle English hor, Middle English hore, Middle English horwȝ, Middle English ore, late Middle English borowe (dative, transmission error), late Middle English hooro (dative, perhaps transmission error), late Middle English horowe (dative), late Middle English horwe (dative).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hore mud (West Frisian hoar), Old Dutch horo dirt, mud (Middle Dutch hore), Old Saxon horu, horo dirt, mud (Middle Low German hōr, hār dirt, mud, manure), Old High German horo dirt, mud, manure (Middle High German hor, German regional hor, horb, horw), Old Icelandic horr nasal mucus (Icelandic hor); further etymology uncertain and disputed.The word shows considerable formal variation in English and the other Germanic languages due to different developments of the original stem-final labiovelar (*-χ^w ), depending on the operation of Verner's Law. The forms of the word in Old English reflect further analogical developments, the details of which are not entirely clear, but which have resulted in two dominant paradigms (formerly sometimes interpreted as showing two separate words): horh (in inflected forms usually hōr- ) and horu (in inflected forms usually horw- or horg- ). Of these two paradigms, the former mainly shows the reflex of an earlier medial voiceless fricative (by development without the operation of Verner's Law), and (in inflected forms) the subsequent loss of this fricative before a vowel with compensatory lengthening of the stem vowel, whereas the latter mainly reflects forms showing the operation of Verner's Law. Some of this formal variation continues in Middle English, especially in the attestation of forms characteristic of dative singular environments (usually after a preposition). Compare further the forms of the derivatives hory adj. and hory v.

Obsolete.

1. Dirt, filth, foulness. Also: mucus, phlegm.In Old English frequently in plural (sometimes with singular sense).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun]

gorec725

horeeOE

filthOE

foulnessOE

dirta1300

gallc1400

ordurec1400

foulinga1425

harlotry1439

muck1440

noisance1473

horeness1495

vileness1495

naughtiness1533

vility1540

bawdiness1552

vildness1597

snottery1598

soilage1598

sordidity1600

soil?1605

sluttery1607

nastiness1611

bawdry1648

sords1653

crott1657

feculence1662

nast1789

clart1808

schmutz1838

crap1925

grunge1965

gunge1969

grot1971

spooge1987

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 174 (table of contents) Læcedom,..spican wiþ utsihtan & dracontian wiþ fule horas on men & alwan wiþ untrymnessum.

OE Cynewulf Elene 297 Ge mid horu speowdon on þæs ondwlitan þe eow eagena leoht, fram blindnesse bote gefremede edniowunga þurh þæt æðele spald.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxv. 265 Min flæsc is ymscryd mid forrotodnysse, and mid dustes horwum [L. sordibus pulveris].

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) l. 10 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 431 So clene he cam fram is moder with-oute ech-manere hore.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xiii. iii. 653 Filþe and hore of cites falleþ into ryuers.

?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 40^v Mell of lupyne..y-put in þe erys clensith ham of all stynche and hore.

a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 109 (MED) Fike is an euel þat wol gendri in hore of hym.

2. In figurative and extended use. Moral defilement or corruption; sin.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 176 Ic truwige on him.., þæt ic ðinum awyrgedum godum ne ðurfe geoffrian, ne þurh ælfremede horwan æfre beon gefyled mid þam fulum myltestrum.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 119 Þe holi gost..clensede hem alle of þe hore of alle sinnes.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 55 Heo [sc. Mary] his wit-uten sunne and wit-uten hore.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 228 Þe spot of hor is þe couaytise of þe wordle.

c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 83 On me was nieþer wem ne hore.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hore
释义	† horen. Forms: early Old English horch, Old English heras (plural, transmission error), Old English hor- (inflected form and in compounds), Old English horew- (inflected form), Old English horg, Old English horh, Old English horu, Old English horuw- (inflected form), Old English horw- (inflected form), Old English hrog (perhaps transmission error), Old English hrum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) horo- (in compounds), Old English (inflected form)–Middle English (in compounds, in copy of Old English charter) or-, late Old English hora- (in compounds), early Middle English heore (south-west midlands), early Middle English horewe (dative), early Middle English hori (dative), early Middle English horie (dative), Middle English hoore, Middle English hor, Middle English hore, Middle English horwȝ, Middle English ore, late Middle English borowe (dative, transmission error), late Middle English hooro (dative, perhaps transmission error), late Middle English horowe (dative), late Middle English horwe (dative). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hore mud (West Frisian hoar), Old Dutch horo dirt, mud (Middle Dutch hore), Old Saxon horu, horo dirt, mud (Middle Low German hōr, hār dirt, mud, manure), Old High German horo dirt, mud, manure (Middle High German hor, German regional hor, horb, horw), Old Icelandic horr nasal mucus (Icelandic hor); further etymology uncertain and disputed.The word shows considerable formal variation in English and the other Germanic languages due to different developments of the original stem-final labiovelar (-χ^w ), depending on the operation of Verner's Law. The forms of the word in Old English reflect further analogical developments, the details of which are not entirely clear, but which have resulted in two dominant paradigms (formerly sometimes interpreted as showing two separate words): horh* (in inflected forms usually hōr- ) and horu (in inflected forms usually horw- or horg- ). Of these two paradigms, the former mainly shows the reflex of an earlier medial voiceless fricative (by development without the operation of Verner's Law), and (in inflected forms) the subsequent loss of this fricative before a vowel with compensatory lengthening of the stem vowel, whereas the latter mainly reflects forms showing the operation of Verner's Law. Some of this formal variation continues in Middle English, especially in the attestation of forms characteristic of dative singular environments (usually after a preposition). Compare further the forms of the derivatives hory adj. and hory v. Obsolete. 1. Dirt, filth, foulness. Also: mucus, phlegm.In Old English frequently in plural (sometimes with singular sense). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] gorec725 horeeOE filthOE foulnessOE dirta1300 gallc1400 ordurec1400 foulinga1425 harlotry1439 muck1440 noisance1473 horeness1495 vileness1495 naughtiness1533 vility1540 bawdiness1552 vildness1597 snottery1598 soilage1598 sordidity1600 soil?1605 sluttery1607 nastiness1611 bawdry1648 sords1653 crott1657 feculence1662 nast1789 clart1808 schmutz1838 crap1925 grunge1965 gunge1969 grot1971 spooge1987 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 174 (table of contents) Læcedom,..spican wiþ utsihtan & dracontian wiþ fule horas on men & alwan wiþ untrymnessum. OE Cynewulf Elene 297 Ge mid horu speowdon on þæs ondwlitan þe eow eagena leoht, fram blindnesse bote gefremede edniowunga þurh þæt æðele spald. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxv. 265 Min flæsc is ymscryd mid forrotodnysse, and mid dustes horwum [L. sordibus pulveris]. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) l. 10 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 431 So clene he cam fram is moder with-oute ech-manere hore. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xiii. iii. 653 Filþe and hore of cites falleþ into ryuers. ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 40^v Mell of lupyne..y-put in þe erys clensith ham of all stynche and hore. a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 109 (MED) Fike is an euel þat wol gendri in hore of hym. 2. In figurative and extended use. Moral defilement or corruption; sin. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 176 Ic truwige on him.., þæt ic ðinum awyrgedum godum ne ðurfe geoffrian, ne þurh ælfremede horwan æfre beon gefyled mid þam fulum myltestrum. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 119 Þe holi gost..clensede hem alle of þe hore of alle sinnes. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 55 Heo [sc. Mary] his wit-uten sunne and wit-uten hore. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 228 Þe spot of hor is þe couaytise of þe wordle. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 83 On me was nieþer wem ne hore. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOE
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