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单词 homestead
释义

homesteadn.

Brit. /ˈhəʊmstɛd/, U.S. /ˈhoʊmˌstɛd/
Forms: see home n.1 and adj. and stead n.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: home n.1, stead n.
Etymology: < home n.1 + stead n. Compare Old Frisian hēmstede, hāmstede, Old Icelandic heimstǫð.Attested early in place names and in boundary markers in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds; compare e.g. Medeshamstedi , original name of the site of the monastery of Peterborough (8th cent. in manuscripts of Bede Eccl. Hist. (a731)). An Old English by-form in hǣm- is apparently reflected by the place-name evidence. The two types are not clearly distinguished and often occur side by side in the history of individual place names; compare e.g. Hamstede , Hemstede , Middlesex (986; now Hampstead), Dunhæmstede , Worcestershire (first half of the 11th cent. in a copy of a charter of ?977; also Dunhamstyde (second half of the 11th cent. in a copy of a charter of 813); now Dunhampstead), Hamstedam , Hamesteda , Essex (1086; also Hemstede (1254); now Hempstead). The origin of Old English hǣm- is unclear and disputed; it has been suggested that it may result from double mutation in combination with the second element -styde (which later became interchangeable with -stede ; compare forms of stead n.); see K. I. Sandred English Place-names in -stead (1963) 88, and compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§203, 204.2. (If this explanation is correct, then analogical replacement (of both elements) must already have occurred in attested Old English; compare forms cited above.) An alternative explanation (see J. K. Wallenberg Kentish Place-names (1931) 110–11) which takes the first element as showing a different word, perhaps Old English hænep hemp n., is unconvincing. Surviving place names usually show shortening of the stem vowel of the first element before the consonant cluster (-mst-), and frequently the development of an excrescent p between the nasal and following voiceless consonant (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§434–5). N.E.D. (1899) gives the pronunciation as (hōu·mstėd) /ˈhəʊmstɪd/.
1. A settlement; a place of residence; a household or home. Also figurative.In Old English only in boundary markers in charters. It is not always certain whether, in these contexts, the word shows this sense or sense 2a; cf. esp. quot. lOE3.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun] > home
homeOE
homesteadOE
house and homelOE
hearthstone1659
home dwelling1743
establishment1803
hearth and home1822
roof1853
yard1865
down home1920
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun] > home > one's home with associated feelings > place where one's home is
homesteadOE
homestallOE
home place1736
OE Bounds (Sawyer 786) in D. Hooke Worcs. Anglo-Saxon Charter-bounds (1990) 182 Ondlong Sæfern to hamstede, of hamstede on ropleahgeat.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 820) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 632 Swa on hamstedes wyllas norðewearde.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 354) in M. Gelling Place-names Berks. (1976) III. 755 Ðonon to mules hamstæde.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 696) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 296 Ærest on þone ealdan wiðig, þonne of ðam wigiðe [read wiðige] on butan þone ealdan hamstede.
1614 J. Brinsley tr. M. Cordier Dialogues iv. xxvii. 423 (margin) To haue a dwelling, or homestead, house, habitation, mansion place.
1620 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. V. N.T. ii. 381 I doe not see thee led into..thy home sted of Nazareth, but into the vast wildernesse.
1649 T. Bancroft in R. Brome Lachrymæ Musarum 54 Grief from yeer to yeer Rents my poor Heart, and makes his Home-stead there.
a1700 C. Ellis Three Disc. (1704) 383 There..are Habitations, Home-Steads, here we have no more but a time of sojourning.
1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. 435 The Orenburg-Kozaks..At present they have their homestead about the Samara.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. iii. 25 The cabin..made the homestead of four human beings.
1880 Baptist Home Mission Monthly Jan. 2/2 There is ‘a gold mine’ in India—few of us can work there; but in our own homestead, at our own doors, is many an undeveloped silver mine in which we can all work.
1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) xv. 224 The lower terraces have hamlets or isolated homesteads; higher up there are only spring pastures, known as mayens in Valais and as montagnettes in Dauphiné.
1975 J. Ellickson in H. E. Ullrich Competition & Modernization in S. Asia v. 86 A homestead consists of a cluster of buildings usually housing a group of kinsmen.
2005 Metal Hammer Dec. 135/2 The band..have more in common with Scandinavian extremities that anything from their native homestead of Florida.
2.
a. A house, esp. a farmhouse, and its adjacent outbuildings, spec. (North American) one built on a homestead (sense 2b); a farmstead.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun]
towneOE
steading1472
farm-steading1533
onstead1551
farmtown1609
homestead1610
farmstead1753
homesteading1812
werf1818
plaas1834
head station1835
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > [noun] > house with dependent buildings
worthOE
homestead1610
werf1818
lapa1909
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. v. 88 Edifices, Homesteads, Curtelages, lands, ground-plots, &c. with their qualities, sites, and proportions.
1685 J. Dryden tr. Horace Odes xxix, in Sylvæ sig. K4 Both House and Homestead into Seas are borne.
1724 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 62. 503 She had a pretty little Home stead worth Fifty Shillings a Year.
1774 Garton Inclos. Act 3 All the home-steads, home-closes, and ancient inclosures.
1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 99 We now present a collective plan of a homestead, or farm-steading, upon a compact and very moderate scale.
1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. ii. 26 Twilight descending Brought back..the herds to the homestead.
1894 H. Speight Nidderdale & Garden of Nidd 373 A peculiar feature of this old homestead is an open pent-roof or arcade.
1918 C. E. Mulford Man from Bar-20 iii. 27 He had found the ruins of a burned homestead..and he guessed that it had been used by ‘nesters’.
1963 J. Hitrec tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Chron. viii. 140 The roofs of solitary peasant homesteads, the fences and colewort patches, on the side, were under snow.
2007 A. Shreve Body Surfing 159 The family homestead was a stucco colonial on a hill, a house with many rooms, the buildings too large for the yard.
b. North American. A plot of public land granted to a settler for the purpose of establishing a home and farm, esp. (U.S.) one of up to 160 acres (approx. 65 hectares) granted as freehold estate under the Homestead Act of Congress (1862). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > [noun] > farm occupied by owner
home lot1636
homestead1680
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > sufficient for one family
manse1597
home lot1636
homestead1680
familia1729
1680 in Rec. Town Plymouth (Mass.) (1889) I. 166 The Towne then voated and doe heerby give unto Mr John Cotton theire present Minnester the house hee then lived in and the homsted it Now standeth on att Plymouth.
1693 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1893) IV. 92 We..have..sold..all the remaining part of our home stead or house lott.
1706 Prop. Rec. Cambr., Mass. (1896) 227 The said piece of Land be and shall be from time to time improved by him..for a house Lott or home Stead to Build upon.
1795 W. Winterbotham Hist. View Amer. U.S. II. 102 The homestead is generally given to the youngest son, who provides for his parents when age and infirmity incapacitates them for labour.
1863 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 30 Oct. From the eagerness to acquire homesteads, great activity is anticipated in land operations.
1876 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. II. 971 A home and shelter for a family under the name of a homestead, which was to be held exempt from the ordinary incidents of ownership.
1927 C. A. Lindbergh ‘We’ i. 2 He took up a homestead and built his first home in America—a log cabin.
1991 C. Anderson Grain xviii. 171 He went by paddle wheeler up the Assiniboine to the mouth of the little Souris River where he took up a homestead.
3. Australian and New Zealand. A house on a sheep or cattle farm, esp. the owner's private residence. In later use also: the farm itself. Cf. station n. 8.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmstead > [noun] > farmhouse
grangec1300
farmhouse1533
farm1583
hall-house1603
station house1840
homestead1849
ranch house1859
1849 Handbk. Suburban & Rural Districts Otago Settlement 7 Sheep or cattle owners, who, establishing their temporary homesteads, or stations, near or in the bush, might run their flocks or herds amongst the hills.
1853 C. W. Adams Spring in Canterbury Settlement vii. 70 This homestead much resembles a small English farm-house, save that the sleeping loft had seldom fewer than ten occupants.
1891 R. Price Through Uriwera Country 61 As an out-station is to the homestead of a sheep-run, so is this little fort to Te Teko.
1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career viii. 56 Home to..the dear old homestead I love so well.
1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 28 Oct. 15/7 Homestead. In the old days, the owner's residence, but only if it was some distance from the rest of the station buildings... When the Government began cutting up the runs in the 'nineties, they or their surveyors adopted the word to signify what had been formerly called the station, and the new settlers followed them, so that the new sense of the word is now widely used.
1961 B. Crump Hang on a Minute Mate 73 They arrived at the Paranui homestead in the late afternoon.
2007 Backwoods Home May 27/1 On a self-reliant homestead, where someone might want good all-round sheep,..Coopworth and Corriedale are frequently chosen.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (chiefly in sense 2b), as homestead block, homestead grant, homestead law, homestead policy, etc.
ΚΠ
1704 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) VII. 210 I give..my homested place to him.
1711 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) VII. 57 That part of my homestead ffarme on ther west side of the..river.
1749 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 741 I give to my son..all my Homestead Land.
1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. viii. 185 The scattered population, in which homestead virtues were once supposed to find their favourite abode.
1866 Rep. Indian Affairs 215 Freedmen..allowed to enter three hundred and twenty acres of the same under the homestead law.
1884 M. G. Mulhall Dict. Statist. 231 Homestead Grants. In 1862 the United States law was passed to encourage settlers from Europe, whereby lots of ¼ square miles or 160 acres are given to immigrants, on condition of 5 years' occupation.
1886 Times 9 Oct. 10/1 The Canadian homestead policy is a more favourable one than that of the United States.
1938 Minnesota: State Guide (Federal Writers' Project) 71 Tenant farming began..when owners found themselves unable or unwilling to cultivate their homestead lands.
1948 H. Scotter Run Estate & Farm 65 Edward Menlove died in 1903. His homestead block of 1,241 acres was then entered in the roll under the name of his son-in-law.
1991 Jrnl. Refugee Stud. 4 259 At the onset of the dry season, women's farm activities increase on the homestead plot.
C2.
homestead exemption n. U.S. (a) a legal exemption from forced sale of a home by its owner to meet the demands of creditors; (b) an exemption from property tax.
ΚΠ
1846 Young Amer. July 11 Let the standard be raised this fall throughout the State for Homestead Exemption.
1883 J. J. Lalor Cycl. Polit. Sci. II. 463/1 In states which have homestead exemptions, the variations are very great as to the value of the real estate exempted.
1936 Panama City (Florida) Herald 4 Jan. 2/2 The Florida legislature passed a law last year requiring those who are home owners and legally qualified for homestead exemption to file applications each year.
1998 J. Lumley Challenge your Taxes 180 Available in many states, the homestead exemption is a statutory protection whereby a homeowner's equity in his or her residence may be protected from judgements, liens, and creditors.

Derivatives

ˈhomesteadless adj. rare without a homestead.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [adjective] > homeless
homelessOE
harbourlessc1175
innlessa1325
houseless1357
placelessa1387
on the pavéc1450
unharbouredc1450
roomless1548
dishousedc1595
dislodged1602
unhouseda1616
unlodged1634
bedless1707
on the pavement1743
roofless1797
on (also upon) the street(s)1832
unhomed1839
dishomed1880
dwellingless1882
homesteadless1885
1885 Macmillans' Mag. May 220 The Paraguayan nationality, though..left houseless and homesteadless on a desolated land, has yet..recovered itself.
1993 A. K. Dalua Environmental Impact of Large Reservoir Projects vi. 156 With a view to providing shelter to all who are homesteadless,..homestead land is to be allotted.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

homesteadv.

Brit. /ˈhəʊmstɛd/, U.S. /ˈhoʊmˌstɛd/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: homestead n.
Etymology: < homestead n.
North American.
1. transitive. To claim or occupy (a plot of land) as a homestead (homestead n. 2b). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > occupy as home
homestead1867
1867 W. Nicely Great Southwest 58 Millions of acres in the State are yet lying vacant, to be homesteaded at $16 for 160 acres.
1879 Congress. Rec. 26 Apr. 952/1 To prove their right to pre-empt or ‘homestead’ their lands.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Mar. 3/1 He homesteaded his 160 acres.
1912 J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict. & Phrase-bk. 23 Any person who is the sole head of a family, or any male over 18.., may homestead a quarter-section of..land in Manitoba, [etc.].
1952 J. Steinbeck East of Eden 6 There was still marginal land to be homesteaded.
2005 J. W. Hall Forests of Night 296 Otis Tribue and people like him had homesteaded Cherokee land since long before the Civil War.
2. intransitive in same sense. Also in extended use: to settle; to establish a home.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)] > establish residence
wickc897
telda1325
buildc1340
nestlea1382
to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400
to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425
to take one's lodgec1475
reside1490
inhabit1548
to settle one's rest1562
to sit down1579
to set up (or in) one's staff (of rest)1584
to set (up) one's rest1590
nest1591
to set down one's rest1591
roost1593
inherit1600
habituate1603
seat1612
to take up (one's) residencea1626
settle1627
pitch1629
fix1638
locate1652
to marry and settle1718
domesticate1768
domiciliate1815
to hang up one's hat1826
domicile1831
to stick one's stakes1872
homestead1877
to put down roots1882
to hang one's hat1904
localize1930
1877 H. Ruede Let. 5 Aug. in Sod-house Days (1937) 123 If he homesteads, you would have to be here inside of 6 months.
1888 Chicago Advance 5 Apr. 216 The farmers who homesteaded on a Nebraska prairie twenty years ago.
1972 New York 12 June 15/3 A couple who leave Lima to homestead in the jungle.
1990 W. P. Ehling 50 Hikes Western New York 127 Occasionally beaver homestead in this section of the stream.
2008 T. Myers As World Churns xxvii. 160 The answer is no. I will not run away with you to homestead in the wilds of Alsaka.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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