hold-upn.

Etymology: See to hold up 5 at hold v. Phrasal verbs.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhold-up.

Originally U.S. slang.

a. One who robs by ‘holding up’ a traveller, train, etc. (see to hold up 5 at hold v. Phrasal verbs).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who holds up his victims

sticker-up1853

hold-up1885

stick-up1905

1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 695/2 Darkness..into which one ventured with grave apprehensions lest a ‘hold-up’ might be in waiting for him.

1888 in Farmer Dict. Amer. [He] was mortally shot by hold-ups, Tuesday night.

b. An instance of ‘holding up’; a robbery committed in this manner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] > armed

armed robbery1791

sticking-up1852

stick-up1862

hold-up1878

1878 F. M. A. Roe Army Lett. (1909) 206 The driver is their only protector, and the stage route is through miles and miles of wild forest, and in between huge boulders where a ‘hold-up’ could be so easily accomplished.

1896 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 29 Dec. 2/1 The prisoner confessed to a hold-up.

1897 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 16 Jan. 2/5 We are tired of reading in our papers nothing but hold-ups and killings.

1904 Daily Chron. 23 Dec. 4/5 There are epidemics of robberies, murders and hold-ups in all the large cities.

1928 Daily Express 15 June 7/5 The ‘hold-up’ of a steamer crowded with holiday-makers on Lake Windermere.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 2/2 Police said they had recovered $3,991 from yesterday's holdup.

2. A stoppage or check in the passage or progress of a person or thing; a temporary stoppage of traffic; a cessation, stop. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > a temporary cessation of activity or operation > sudden or accidental

checkc1555

hitch1748

syncope1785

hold-up1837

1837 Knickerbocker 10 439 The wheels of the coach are shod with the preparation of iron slippers, which are essential to a hold-up.

1882 in G. H. Putnam Mem. Publisher (1915) 289 We don't have hold-ups [sc. strikes] in Leadville.

1904 N.Y. Tribune 15 May 2 A vote of thanks to the Tribune for its efforts to end the hold-up of the Port Chester Railroad's application for a permit to cross streets in the Bronx.

1907 Putnam's Monthly July 482/1 He cursed the luck of the hold-up.

1913 A. B. Emerson Ruth Fielding at Snow Camp 154 We got to sit down and wait for a hold-up [of the storm].

1918 A. Quiller-Couch Foe-Farrell vii. 125 There was a hold-up as we [in a taxi] neared the bridge.

1928 Daily Express 14 July 2/1 There had been two or three hold-ups with the points prior to my arrival at 4.50 p.m.

1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 224 In connexion with the various hold-ups of Allied military convoys on the autobahn..it was recalled that the D.D.R. had only temporarily handed over control of military traffic to the Soviet military.

1973 ‘H. Carmichael’ Too Late for Tears xi. 131 I nearly didn't get here. Ran into a traffic hold-up and was stuck.

1973 E. Lemarchand Let or Hindrance viii. 93 The hold-up over the Fortnight film while Paul King finished editing the last part.

3. An instance of extortion. Chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > [noun] > instance of

shavery1549

rack rent1605

shave1834

touch1896

shakedown1902

hold-up1908

milking1936

1908 L. Mitchell New York Idea i. 15 The people insisted on electing a desperado to the presidential office—they must take the hold-up that follows.

1910 Sat. Evening Post 27 Aug. 6/3 Our house..cost twenty-five thousand dollars, exclusive of the plumber's little hold-up and the Oriental rugs.

1939 J. Mulgan Man Alone i. 14 It never was farming land. It's a hold-up, and God help the poor bastards who have to take it at that price.

4. Bridge. (See quot. 1959.) Cf. to hold up 4 at hold v. Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics

echo1862

signal1864

Vienna Coup1864

Peter1885

Bath coup1897

promotion1900

finesse1902

switch1921

false-carding1923

squeeze1926

squeeze play1926

suicide squeeze1931

pseudo-squeeze1932

throw-in1932

suit preference signal1934

underlead1934

psyching1938

ruff and discard1939

hold-up1945

upper cut1955

safety play1959

1945 H. Phillips & J. T. Reese How to play Bridge iii. 101 The principal device available to the declarer to prevent the establishment of an opponent's long suit is hold-up play.

1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 113 Hold-up play. A player is said to hold up when for tactical reasons he declines to play a winning card. Usually, his object is to destroy communication between the enemy hands, but there can be other and more subtle reasons for the hold-up.

1962 Listener 22 Mar. 534/1 This uncommon hold-up play will prevent the defence from bringing in the suit unless North has two entries.

5. (See quot. 1945.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear explosion > [noun] > separation plant > material kept in

hold-up1945

1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes ix. 94 The total amount of material tied up in a separation plant is called a ‘hold-up’. The hold-up may be very large in a plant consisting of many stages.

Compounds

attributive. Engaged in, involving, or characterized by forcible stopping and robbing of a person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [adjective] > specific type or manner of robbery

church-robbing1549

footpadding1628

padding1628

mail-settingc1688

hold-up1881

hijacking1923

smash-and-grab1927

skyjacked1961

1881 E. W. Nye Bill Nye & Boomerang 192 I did give him the grand bounce, and now he hath joined a hold-up outfit on the overland stage route.

1899 Chicago Tribune 16 Jan. The holdup gang who shot and killed policeman..Wallner.

1901 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 264 ‘The hold-up-man’ goes abroad after dark to follow his nefarious occupation.

1913 E. D. Biggers Seven Keys to Baldpate ix. 112 ‘A corking night,’ he muttered humorously, ‘for my début in the hold-up business.’

1930 E. Wallace White Face xiii. 213 ‘Bail up!’ It was an expression of the old Australian bushrangers. It's still used by the hold-up men in Australia.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Feb. 93/3 Unfortunately the stranger is not only a ‘goy’ and a drifter but he has been worse—a hold-up man, one of whose victims was once the grocer himself.

Draft additions September 2018

holdupper n. originally U.S., now chiefly Philippine English a person who commits a robbery using threats or violence.

ΚΠ

1893 Penny Press (Minneapolis) 24 Nov. 4/4 Would-be Hold-Uppers... A couple of men attempted a hold-up.

1918 Road-maker Aug. 14/2 The nickel-brand of populace used the roads mainly to stage holdups or to move robber armies, which are holduppers on a large scale.

1972 A. R. Guillermo Readership Surv. Taliba Philippine Newspaper (Ph.D. diss., Syracuse Univ.) 167 The problems with people are the presence of gangs, goons, thieves, ‘holduppers’..and similar characters in the neighborhood.

1998 Philippine Jrnl. Educ. Jan. 369/2 Is it not possible that traffic policemen along the escape route are in cahoots with the holduppers?

2017 Philippine Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Mar. The policemen..dubbed them notorious drug suspects and holduppers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	hold-up
释义	hold-upn. Etymology: See to hold up 5 at hold v. Phrasal verbs.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhold-up. Originally U.S. slang. 1. a. One who robs by ‘holding up’ a traveller, train, etc. (see to hold up 5 at hold v. Phrasal verbs). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who holds up his victims sticker-up1853 hold-up1885 stick-up1905 1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 695/2 Darkness..into which one ventured with grave apprehensions lest a ‘hold-up’ might be in waiting for him. 1888 in Farmer Dict. Amer. [He] was mortally shot by hold-ups, Tuesday night. b. An instance of ‘holding up’; a robbery committed in this manner. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] > armed armed robbery1791 sticking-up1852 stick-up1862 hold-up1878 1878 F. M. A. Roe Army Lett. (1909) 206 The driver is their only protector, and the stage route is through miles and miles of wild forest, and in between huge boulders where a ‘hold-up’ could be so easily accomplished. 1896 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 29 Dec. 2/1 The prisoner confessed to a hold-up. 1897 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 16 Jan. 2/5 We are tired of reading in our papers nothing but hold-ups and killings. 1904 Daily Chron. 23 Dec. 4/5 There are epidemics of robberies, murders and hold-ups in all the large cities. 1928 Daily Express 15 June 7/5 The ‘hold-up’ of a steamer crowded with holiday-makers on Lake Windermere. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 2/2 Police said they had recovered $3,991 from yesterday's holdup. 2. A stoppage or check in the passage or progress of a person or thing; a temporary stoppage of traffic; a cessation, stop. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > a temporary cessation of activity or operation > sudden or accidental checkc1555 hitch1748 syncope1785 hold-up1837 1837 Knickerbocker 10 439 The wheels of the coach are shod with the preparation of iron slippers, which are essential to a hold-up. 1882 in G. H. Putnam Mem. Publisher (1915) 289 We don't have hold-ups [sc. strikes] in Leadville. 1904 N.Y. Tribune 15 May 2 A vote of thanks to the Tribune for its efforts to end the hold-up of the Port Chester Railroad's application for a permit to cross streets in the Bronx. 1907 Putnam's Monthly July 482/1 He cursed the luck of the hold-up. 1913 A. B. Emerson Ruth Fielding at Snow Camp 154 We got to sit down and wait for a hold-up [of the storm]. 1918 A. Quiller-Couch Foe-Farrell vii. 125 There was a hold-up as we [in a taxi] neared the bridge. 1928 Daily Express 14 July 2/1 There had been two or three hold-ups with the points prior to my arrival at 4.50 p.m. 1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 224 In connexion with the various hold-ups of Allied military convoys on the autobahn..it was recalled that the D.D.R. had only temporarily handed over control of military traffic to the Soviet military. 1973 ‘H. Carmichael’ Too Late for Tears xi. 131 I nearly didn't get here. Ran into a traffic hold-up and was stuck. 1973 E. Lemarchand Let or Hindrance viii. 93 The hold-up over the Fortnight film while Paul King finished editing the last part. 3. An instance of extortion. Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > [noun] > instance of shavery1549 rack rent1605 shave1834 touch1896 shakedown1902 hold-up1908 milking1936 1908 L. Mitchell New York Idea i. 15 The people insisted on electing a desperado to the presidential office—they must take the hold-up that follows. 1910 Sat. Evening Post 27 Aug. 6/3 Our house..cost twenty-five thousand dollars, exclusive of the plumber's little hold-up and the Oriental rugs. 1939 J. Mulgan Man Alone i. 14 It never was farming land. It's a hold-up, and God help the poor bastards who have to take it at that price. 4. Bridge. (See quot. 1959.) Cf. to hold up 4 at hold v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics echo1862 signal1864 Vienna Coup1864 Peter1885 Bath coup1897 promotion1900 finesse1902 switch1921 false-carding1923 squeeze1926 squeeze play1926 suicide squeeze1931 pseudo-squeeze1932 throw-in1932 suit preference signal1934 underlead1934 psyching1938 ruff and discard1939 hold-up1945 upper cut1955 safety play1959 1945 H. Phillips & J. T. Reese How to play Bridge iii. 101 The principal device available to the declarer to prevent the establishment of an opponent's long suit is hold-up play. 1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 113 Hold-up play. A player is said to hold up when for tactical reasons he declines to play a winning card. Usually, his object is to destroy communication between the enemy hands, but there can be other and more subtle reasons for the hold-up. 1962 Listener 22 Mar. 534/1 This uncommon hold-up play will prevent the defence from bringing in the suit unless North has two entries. 5. (See quot. 1945.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear explosion > [noun] > separation plant > material kept in hold-up1945 1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes ix. 94 The total amount of material tied up in a separation plant is called a ‘hold-up’. The hold-up may be very large in a plant consisting of many stages. Compounds attributive. Engaged in, involving, or characterized by forcible stopping and robbing of a person. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [adjective] > specific type or manner of robbery church-robbing1549 footpadding1628 padding1628 mail-settingc1688 hold-up1881 hijacking1923 smash-and-grab1927 skyjacked1961 1881 E. W. Nye Bill Nye & Boomerang 192 I did give him the grand bounce, and now he hath joined a hold-up outfit on the overland stage route. 1899 Chicago Tribune 16 Jan. The holdup gang who shot and killed policeman..Wallner. 1901 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 264 ‘The hold-up-man’ goes abroad after dark to follow his nefarious occupation. 1913 E. D. Biggers Seven Keys to Baldpate ix. 112 ‘A corking night,’ he muttered humorously, ‘for my début in the hold-up business.’ 1930 E. Wallace White Face xiii. 213 ‘Bail up!’ It was an expression of the old Australian bushrangers. It's still used by the hold-up men in Australia. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Feb. 93/3 Unfortunately the stranger is not only a ‘goy’ and a drifter but he has been worse—a hold-up man, one of whose victims was once the grocer himself. Draft additions September 2018 holdupper n. originally U.S., now chiefly Philippine English a person who commits a robbery using threats or violence. ΚΠ 1893 Penny Press (Minneapolis) 24 Nov. 4/4 Would-be Hold-Uppers... A couple of men attempted a hold-up. 1918 Road-maker Aug. 14/2 The nickel-brand of populace used the roads mainly to stage holdups or to move robber armies, which are holduppers on a large scale. 1972 A. R. Guillermo Readership Surv. Taliba Philippine Newspaper (Ph.D. diss., Syracuse Univ.) 167 The problems with people are the presence of gangs, goons, thieves, ‘holduppers’..and similar characters in the neighborhood. 1998 Philippine Jrnl. Educ. Jan. 369/2 Is it not possible that traffic policemen along the escape route are in cahoots with the holduppers? 2017 Philippine Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Mar. The policemen..dubbed them notorious drug suspects and holduppers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.1837
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