homologousadj.

/həʊˈmɒləɡəs/

Etymology: < medieval Latin homologus or Greek ὁμόλογος agreeing (see homologon n.) + -ous suffix.

Having the same relation, proportion, relative position, etc.; corresponding. Specifically:

a. Mathematics. Having the same ratio or relative value as the two antecedents or the two consequents in a proportion, or the corresponding sides in similar figures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [adjective] > equal or constant

portionable?c1425

answerable1551

analogical1570

homologal1570

proportional1570

homologous1660

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 93 If A.B :: C.D. A and C; and B and D are homologous or magnitudes of a like ratio.

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 23 Comparing the homologous terms.

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. viii. 173 The quantitative relation between any two sides of the one, is equal to that between the homologous sides of the other.

b. Geometry. Having a relation of homology, as two plane figures; homological; homographic and in the same plane. (See homology n. 4.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > relationship between > equal or similar

like1557

isoperimetral1625

similar1692

isoperimetrical1706

identical1806

homologous1863

homological1885

perspective1885

homothetic1886

trigraphic1895

1863 G. Salmon Conic Sections (ed. 4) iv. 59 Two triangles are said to be homologous, when the intersections of the corresponding sides lie on the same right line called the axis of homology: prove that the lines joining the corresponding vertices meet in a point.

a. Biology. Having the same relation to an original or fundamental type; corresponding in type of structure (but not necessarily in function); said of parts or organs in different animals or plants, or of different parts or organs in the same animal or plant. (Distinguished from analogous: see quot. 1851 at analogous adj. 1b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > resemblance between different organisms

homologous1846

homological1849

homoplastic1870

parhomologous1888

isomeric1890

homoeomorphous1895

syntechnic1902

homoeomorphic1923

1846 R. Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 174 There exists doubtless a close general resemblance in the mode of development of homologous parts.

1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants II. 322 In the vertebrata the front and hind limbs are homologous.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. i. 6 The name of leaves has been..extended..from the green expansions which constitute foliage to other forms under which such appendages occur..The latter are homologous with leaves or the homologues of leaves.

b. Pathology. Of the same formation as the normal tissue of the part: said of morbid growths. (Opposed to heterologous adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > growth of abnormal tissue > type of

fungating1795

round-celled1867

pseudohypertrophic1868

round-cell1870

homologous1871

paraplastic1896

paraplasmic1901

sarcoid1935

Letterer–Siwe1936

fibrogenic1953

sarcoidal1961

lymphoproliferative1964

1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (1873) 106 A growth primarily homologous may subsequently become heterologous.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. iii. 96 The cartilaginous tumour is homologous..if it springs from cartilage.

3. Chemistry. Applied to series of compounds differing in composition successively by a constant amount of certain constituents, and showing a gradation of chemical and physical properties; esp. to series of organic compounds differing by multiples of CH₂, as the alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [adjective] > of or relating to compounds > homologous

homologous1850

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) viii. 252 Four classes of homologous bodies, to adopt the term which Gerhardt has proposed, namely, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and acids.

1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxvii. 272 These homologous series of mono-, di-, tri-, and higher carbon groups.

1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. App. 520 The Acetic Acid Series..is one of the most complete homologous series of organic chemistry.

a. In other applications: = Corresponding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > corresponding or analogous

accordingc1300

proportionate?a1425

proportionablec1443

correspondentc1460

agreeable1540

answerable1551

match1551

analogical1577

suitablea1586

parallela1610

analogal1610

correlativea1626

matching1630

analogic1638

analogous1644

commensurate1644

samea1687

companion1766

homologous1837

to match1838

homological1849

homologic1880

homothetic1886

tallied1895

matched1925

1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 22 Making the homologous poles of two magnetized wires repel each other.

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. xii. 225 A symmetrical figure is a figure in which the homologous parts on opposite sides are equal in magnitude.

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §82 Two poles or planes thus symmetrically disposed in regard to an origin-plane will be termed homologous to each other in respect to that plane of symmetry.

b. Cytology. Of chromosomes: pairing at meiosis, and normally (except in the case of the sex chromosomes of some species) identical in morphology and in arrangement of genetic loci.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > chromosomes in respect of meiosis

non-homologous1883

quadrivalent1898

univalent1898

bivalent1899

plurivalent1901

homologous1903

heterotropic1905

monovalent1906

heteromorphic1917

homomorphic1917

trivalent1921

multivalent1929

sexivalent1931

nullisomic1932

quinquevalent1935

1903 W. S. Sutton in Biol. Bull. IV. 238 The double basis of hybrid characters is to be found in the pairs of homologous chromosomes of the presynaptic germ-cells.

1920 W. E. Agar Cytol. v. 125 It was found that there were in each diploid nucleus two chromosomes of each size... In the meiotic prophase the two chromosomes of each type, usually called homologous chromosomes, pair together to form the bivalents.

1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. x. 327 The nature of the forces responsible for the pairing of homologous chromosomes in the early stages of prophase I, and for their separation at the diplotene stage, is not yet understood.

c. Medicine. Derived from or involving an organism or organisms of the same species; also, involving or containing antibodies or antigens that react specifically with one another, as when an antibody has been produced by injection of an antigen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [adjective] > immune response > homologous

homologous1915

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [adjective] > between individuals of same species

heterogenous1909

homoplastic1909

homoeoplastic1913

homoeotransplanted1915

homologous1915

homogenous1919

homoeografted1920

isoplastic1923

homotransplanted1939

homografted1952

1915 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 20 76 Heterologous immunity, in which cancer cells from one species are used as antigens to immunise animals of strange species, is..different in many ways from homologous immunity.

1928 R. E. Buchanan & E. I. Fulmer Physiol. & Biochem. Bacteria I. iii. 361 By the use of ox serum and complement he could secure marked agglutination of bacteria in a dilution of the homologous antiserum by itself too weak to produce any trace of agglutination.

1933 W. W. C. Topley Outl. Immunity vi. 91 The antiserum that is produced by the inoculation into a suitable animal of a particular bacterium is frequently referred to as a homologous serum.

1946 K. Landsteiner Specificity Serol. Reactions (rev. ed.) i. 8 Reactions of an antibody with the corresponding antigen are said to be homologous, while heterologous reactions..are those taking place with substances other than the inciting antigen.

1958 Immunology 1 111 Morgan (1947) injected rhesus monkeys with homologous brain and cord in water-in-oil emulsion containing killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

1961 Lancet 29 July 245/1 Serum-autoantibodies against, for example, thyroid or brain can be readily elicited in rabbits or guineapigs by immunisation with the relevant homologous or, indeed autologous, tissue.

1968 J. C. Norman et al. Organ Perfusion & Preservation xxvii. 375 The feasibility of heterologous or homologous intermediate hosts for human resuscitative storage is untried.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	homologous
释义	homologousadj. /həʊˈmɒləɡəs/ Etymology: < medieval Latin homologus or Greek ὁμόλογος agreeing (see homologon n.) + -ous suffix. Having the same relation, proportion, relative position, etc.; corresponding. Specifically: 1. a. Mathematics. Having the same ratio or relative value as the two antecedents or the two consequents in a proportion, or the corresponding sides in similar figures. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [adjective] > equal or constant portionable?c1425 answerable1551 analogical1570 homologal1570 proportional1570 homologous1660 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 93 If A.B :: C.D. A and C; and B and D are homologous or magnitudes of a like ratio. 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 23 Comparing the homologous terms. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. viii. 173 The quantitative relation between any two sides of the one, is equal to that between the homologous sides of the other. b. Geometry. Having a relation of homology, as two plane figures; homological; homographic and in the same plane. (See homology n. 4.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > relationship between > equal or similar like1557 isoperimetral1625 similar1692 isoperimetrical1706 identical1806 homologous1863 homological1885 perspective1885 homothetic1886 trigraphic1895 1863 G. Salmon Conic Sections (ed. 4) iv. 59 Two triangles are said to be homologous, when the intersections of the corresponding sides lie on the same right line called the axis of homology: prove that the lines joining the corresponding vertices meet in a point. 2. a. Biology. Having the same relation to an original or fundamental type; corresponding in type of structure (but not necessarily in function); said of parts or organs in different animals or plants, or of different parts or organs in the same animal or plant. (Distinguished from analogous: see quot. 1851 at analogous adj. 1b.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > resemblance between different organisms homologous1846 homological1849 homoplastic1870 parhomologous1888 isomeric1890 homoeomorphous1895 syntechnic1902 homoeomorphic1923 1846 R. Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 174 There exists doubtless a close general resemblance in the mode of development of homologous parts. 1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants II. 322 In the vertebrata the front and hind limbs are homologous. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. i. 6 The name of leaves has been..extended..from the green expansions which constitute foliage to other forms under which such appendages occur..The latter are homologous with leaves or the homologues of leaves. b. Pathology. Of the same formation as the normal tissue of the part: said of morbid growths. (Opposed to heterologous adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > growth of abnormal tissue > type of fungating1795 round-celled1867 pseudohypertrophic1868 round-cell1870 homologous1871 paraplastic1896 paraplasmic1901 sarcoid1935 Letterer–Siwe1936 fibrogenic1953 sarcoidal1961 lymphoproliferative1964 1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (1873) 106 A growth primarily homologous may subsequently become heterologous. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. iii. 96 The cartilaginous tumour is homologous..if it springs from cartilage. 3. Chemistry. Applied to series of compounds differing in composition successively by a constant amount of certain constituents, and showing a gradation of chemical and physical properties; esp. to series of organic compounds differing by multiples of CH₂, as the alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [adjective] > of or relating to compounds > homologous homologous1850 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) viii. 252 Four classes of homologous bodies, to adopt the term which Gerhardt has proposed, namely, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and acids. 1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxvii. 272 These homologous series of mono-, di-, tri-, and higher carbon groups. 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. App. 520 The Acetic Acid Series..is one of the most complete homologous series of organic chemistry. 4. a. In other applications: = Corresponding. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > corresponding or analogous accordingc1300 proportionate?a1425 proportionablec1443 correspondentc1460 agreeable1540 answerable1551 match1551 analogical1577 suitablea1586 parallela1610 analogal1610 correlativea1626 matching1630 analogic1638 analogous1644 commensurate1644 samea1687 companion1766 homologous1837 to match1838 homological1849 homologic1880 homothetic1886 tallied1895 matched1925 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 22 Making the homologous poles of two magnetized wires repel each other. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. xii. 225 A symmetrical figure is a figure in which the homologous parts on opposite sides are equal in magnitude. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §82 Two poles or planes thus symmetrically disposed in regard to an origin-plane will be termed homologous to each other in respect to that plane of symmetry. b. Cytology. Of chromosomes: pairing at meiosis, and normally (except in the case of the sex chromosomes of some species) identical in morphology and in arrangement of genetic loci. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > chromosomes in respect of meiosis non-homologous1883 quadrivalent1898 univalent1898 bivalent1899 plurivalent1901 homologous1903 heterotropic1905 monovalent1906 heteromorphic1917 homomorphic1917 trivalent1921 multivalent1929 sexivalent1931 nullisomic1932 quinquevalent1935 1903 W. S. Sutton in Biol. Bull. IV. 238 The double basis of hybrid characters is to be found in the pairs of homologous chromosomes of the presynaptic germ-cells. 1920 W. E. Agar Cytol. v. 125 It was found that there were in each diploid nucleus two chromosomes of each size... In the meiotic prophase the two chromosomes of each type, usually called homologous chromosomes, pair together to form the bivalents. 1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. x. 327 The nature of the forces responsible for the pairing of homologous chromosomes in the early stages of prophase I, and for their separation at the diplotene stage, is not yet understood. c. Medicine. Derived from or involving an organism or organisms of the same species; also, involving or containing antibodies or antigens that react specifically with one another, as when an antibody has been produced by injection of an antigen. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [adjective] > immune response > homologous homologous1915 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [adjective] > between individuals of same species heterogenous1909 homoplastic1909 homoeoplastic1913 homoeotransplanted1915 homologous1915 homogenous1919 homoeografted1920 isoplastic1923 homotransplanted1939 homografted1952 1915 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 20 76 Heterologous immunity, in which cancer cells from one species are used as antigens to immunise animals of strange species, is..different in many ways from homologous immunity. 1928 R. E. Buchanan & E. I. Fulmer Physiol. & Biochem. Bacteria I. iii. 361 By the use of ox serum and complement he could secure marked agglutination of bacteria in a dilution of the homologous antiserum by itself too weak to produce any trace of agglutination. 1933 W. W. C. Topley Outl. Immunity vi. 91 The antiserum that is produced by the inoculation into a suitable animal of a particular bacterium is frequently referred to as a homologous serum. 1946 K. Landsteiner Specificity Serol. Reactions (rev. ed.) i. 8 Reactions of an antibody with the corresponding antigen are said to be homologous, while heterologous reactions..are those taking place with substances other than the inciting antigen. 1958 Immunology 1 111 Morgan (1947) injected rhesus monkeys with homologous brain and cord in water-in-oil emulsion containing killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1961 Lancet 29 July 245/1 Serum-autoantibodies against, for example, thyroid or brain can be readily elicited in rabbits or guineapigs by immunisation with the relevant homologous or, indeed autologous, tissue. 1968 J. C. Norman et al. Organ Perfusion & Preservation xxvii. 375 The feasibility of heterologous or homologous intermediate hosts for human resuscitative storage is untried. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1660
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