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单词 holo-
释义

holo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
before a vowel hol-, combining form of Greek ὅλος ‘whole, entire’, occurring in various scientific and technical terms, for the more important of which see their alphabetical places; sometimes opposed to hemi- or mero-. In Crystallography, denoting that a crystal or crystalline form has the full number of faces (holohedral adj., holosymmetrical adj. at holosymmetry n. Derivatives), or the full number of normals (holosystematic adj.), belonging to its system.
† ˈholagogue n. and adj. [Greek ἀγωγός leading] Medicine Obsolete (a) n. a medicine reputed to expel all morbid humours; (b) adj. having this property.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > medicine expelling all morbid humours or matter
panchymagogue1651
holagogue1683
pantagogue1855
1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 38 Holagogues, or Panchymagogues.
1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Holagogus,..applied to medicines that evacuate or empty; holagogue.
holarthritic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlɑːˈθrɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑlˌɑrˈθrɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊlˌɑrˈθrɪdɪk/
[arthritic adj. and n.] affected with gout in all the joints.
ΚΠ
1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Holarthriticus, of or belonging to Holarthritis; holarthritic.
Thesaurus »
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holethnos n.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɛθnɒs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɛθˌnɔs/
,
/həˈlɛθˌnɑs/
[Greek ἔθνος nation, race] an undivided primitive stock or race.
holethnic adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɛθnɪk/
,
U.S. /həˈlɛθnɪk/
(less correctly holo-ethnic) pertaining or relating to a holethnos.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > unmixed race > [adjective]
mere1561
pure-blooded1772
full-blooded1784
pure blood1818
full-blood1819
holethnic1876
1876 T. Le M. Douse Grimm's Law §7. 11 (note) I shall venture, for brevity, to call the primitive undivided Indo-European people the ‘Holethnos’..whence the adjective ‘Holethnic’ by correct derivation.
1890 Athenæum 7 June 733/1 The germ from which the Aryan ‘holethnic’ language was developed.
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holetrous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈliːtrəs/
,
U.S. /həˈlitrəs/
[Greek ἦτρον abdomen] Zoology of or pertaining to the Holetra, a division of Arachnids in which the abdomen is closely joined to the thorax (Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. 1854).
holoaxial adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒləʊˈaksɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑloʊˈæksiəl/
,
/ˌhoʊloʊˈæksiəl/
Crystallography having or exhibiting all the axes of symmetry compatible with one another but no plane or centre of symmetry; (also more widely) having one or more axes of symmetry but no plane or centre of symmetry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal symmetry > [adjective] > types of > others
tautohedral1875
holosystematic1878
tautomorphous1895
tetartosymmetrical1895
holoaxial1902
1902 H. A. Miers Mineral. i. 45 When an axis of n-fold symmetry is perpendicular to n digonal axes and there is no other element of symmetry, the crystal may be called ‘holoaxial’, since it possesses all the symmetry-axes compatible with each other, and only axes.
1903 H. Hilton Math. Crystallogr. v. 52 In this chapter we shall investigate those finite groups of the first sort—also called holoaxial groups—which contain only 2-al, 3-al, 4-al, and 6-al rotation-axes.
1961 P. Terpstra & L. W. Codd Crystallometry iv. 129 Crystals are divided according to their true symmetry into 32 crystal classes. Of these 32 classes, 11 have symmetry elements consisting exclusively of symmetry axes: these are called the eleven holoaxial classes.
holobaptist n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈbaptɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈbæptəst/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈbæptəst/
one who baptizes by immersion.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > kinds of baptism > by immersion > [noun] > person performing
holobaptista1641
immersionist1846
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 399 These hypocrites were not onely Hemerobaptists, but Horabaptists, and Holobaptists, washing..almost every houre in the day, if not their whole body, yet some parts of the body.
holobasidium n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)bəˈsɪdɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləbəˈsɪdiəm/
,
/ˌhɑloʊbəˈsɪdiəm/
,
/ˌhoʊləbəˈsɪdiəm/
,
/ˌhoʊloʊbəˈsɪdiəm/
Botany = autobasidium n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts
capsule1693
perithecium1800
aecidium1821
hymenium1830
pseudoperidium1832
pseudoperithecium1832
disc1842
trichidium1842
spicule1843
sporophore1849
stylospore1851
pycnide1856
cyst1857
pycnidium1857
basidium1858
cystidium1858
basidiospore1859
conidium1861
pollinarium1861
gonosphere1865
hymenophorum1866
spicula1866
teleutospore1866
promycelium1867
gonosphaerium1873
hymenophore1874
paracyst1874
sterigma1874
pollinodium1875
scolecite1875
uredospore1875
metuloid1879
operculum1879
uredo1879
aecidiospore1880
pycnidiospore1880
uredo-fruit1882
chlamydospore1884
teleutosorus1884
fruitcake1885
ascocarp1887
periplasm1887
pycnospore1887
pyrenocarp1887
macrostylospore1894
autobasidium1895
oidium1895
zygophore1904
aeciospore1905
aecium1905
pycniospore1905
teliospore1905
telium1905
uredinium1905
uredosorus1905
fruit-body1912
sporodochium1913
probasidium1916
fruiting body1918
pycnium1926
holobasidium1928
protoperithecium1937
uredium1937
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 124/2 Holobasid, an undivided basidium in Basidiomycetes (Van Tieghem).]
1928 C. W. Dodge tr. E. A. Gäumann Compar. Morphol. Fungi xxv. 412 The basidia in which nuclear division is not followed by formation of septa are called auto- or holobasidia.
1970 J. Webster Introd. Fungi 279 In the toadstools and their allies the basidium is a single cylindrical cell, undivided by septa, typically bearing four basidiospores at its apex... Such basidia are termed holobasidia.
holobenthic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈbɛnθɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈbɛnθɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈbɛnθɪk/
[Greek βένθος depth of the sea] Biology living in the depths of the sea at all stages of the life cycle.
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 935/2 Another hindrance to the extension of many deep-sea species is that they are holobenthic.
holobranchiate adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈbraŋkɪət/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈbraŋkɪeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈbræŋkiᵻt/
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/ˌhoʊləˈbræŋkiᵻt/
,
/ˌhɑləˈbrɑŋkiˌeɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈbrɑŋkiˌeɪt/
[Greek βράγχια gills] = holobranchious adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [adjective] > having specific type of gills
holobranchious1854
marsipobranch1874
marsipobranchiate1878
holobranchiate1885
pouch-gilled1885
purse-gilled1890
1885 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Holobranchiate.
holobranchious adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈbraŋkɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈbræŋkiəs/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈbræŋkiəs/
,
/ˌhɑləˈbrɑŋkiəs/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈbrɑŋkiəs/
Ichthyology having complete gills or branchial apparatus: opposed to hemibranchiate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [adjective] > having specific type of gills
holobranchious1854
marsipobranch1874
marsipobranchiate1878
holobranchiate1885
pouch-gilled1885
purse-gilled1890
1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Holobranchious.
holocarpic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈkɑrpɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkɑrpɪk/
,
/ˌhɑloʊˈkɑrpɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊloʊˈkɑrpɪk/
[Greek καρπός fruit, seed] Botany designating or (of a fungus) possessing a thallus the whole of which becomes transformed into a reproductive structure at maturity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [adjective] > of, bearing, or characterized by parts
umbonated1752
operculate1775
veiled1776
adnexed1821
pileate1828
sorediferous1829
umbonate1829
floccose1830
adglutinate1831
angiosporous1847
stylosporous1851
byssoid1857
mycelioid1857
sclerotioid1857
soredioid1857
pileiform1858
basidiosporous1859
pileated1859
sorediform1859
tigellular1860
tetradymous1866
tigellate1866
mycelial1867
xylostromatoid1871
hymenial1874
hyphal1875
aecidial1876
pycnidial1877
teleutosporic1880
sorediate1881
pollinodial1886
peridial1887
promycelial1887
mycelian1891
uredosporiferous1895
uredosporous1895
hemiangiocarpous1900
uredinial1900
periplasmic1901
hemiangiocarpic1902
wefted1902
zygophoric1904
aecial1905
pycnial1905
telial1905
sporodochial1913
holocarpic1916
uredinoid1929
uredial1937
monokaryotic1941
protoperithecial1948
parathecial1953
1916 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms (ed. 3) 181/2 Holocarpic.
1928 C. W. Dodge tr. E. A. Gäumann Compar. Morphol. Fungi iii. 12 In the holocarpic forms, gametangial copulation naturally leads to the fusion of whole individuals.
1930 H. M. Fitzpatrick Lower Fungi ii. 24 In some of the lower families [of Phycomycetes] the entire thallus is transformed at maturity into a single reproductive organ (Olpidiaceae) or group (sorus) of them (Synchytriaceae). In such cases the organism is said to be holocarpic.
1970 J. Webster Introd. Fungi 62 In the Lagenidiales..the thallus is holocarpic.
holocephalan n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɛf(ə)lən/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɛfl̩ən/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɛf(ə)lən/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɛfl̩ən/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsɛfələn/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsɛfələn/
(also holoceˈphalian) Ichthyology (a) n. a fish of the sub-class Holocephali; (b) adj. = holocephalous adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > subclass Holocephali > [noun] > member of
holocephalan1934
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Holocephalan adj. & n.
1942 L. H. Hyman Compar. Vertebr. Anat. (ed. 2) iv. 40 The chimaeras or holocephalans are peculiar-looking fish.
1965 Gen. & Compar. Endocrinol. V. 434/2 The ratfish or chimera is a holocephalian.
1970 Nature 11 July 187/2 A holocephalian elasmobranch fish, Hycholagus collei.
holocephalous adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɛf(ə)ləs/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɛfl̩əs/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɛf(ə)ləs/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɛfl̩əs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsɛfələs/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsɛfələs/
[Greek κεϕαλή head] having an entire or undivided skull, as the group Holocephali of fishes, in which the hyomandibular bone is continuous with the cranium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > subclass Holocephali > [adjective] > belonging to Holocephali
holocephalous1886
1886 Athenæum 12 June 782/2 Callorhynchus..is the southern representative of the northern ‘holocephalous’ Chimæra.
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holocephal n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɛfl/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɛfl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsɛf(ə)l/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsɛf(ə)l/
a fish belonging to this group.
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holochlamydate adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈklamᵻdeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈklæməˌdeɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈklæməˌdeɪt/
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holochlamydic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)kləˈmɪdɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləkləˈmɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləkləˈmɪdɪk/
[Greek χλαμύς mantle] Zoology having the margin of the pallium entire, as the suborder Holochlamyda of gastropods.
holochordate adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɔːdeɪt/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkɔːdət/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈkɔrdət/
,
/ˌhɑləˈkɔrˌdeɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkɔrdət/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkɔrˌdeɪt/
having the chorda or notochord extending the whole length of the body.
ΚΠ
1898 H. Gadow Classif. Vertebrata 1 With a central solid axis..extending through the whole length of the body, from head to tail, hence holochordate.
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holochrone n.
Brit. /ˈhɒləkrəʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈhɑləˌkroʊn/
,
/ˈhoʊləˌkroʊn/
[Greek χρόνος time] Mathematics a curve such that the times of descent of a heavy particle through different portions of it are a given function of the arcs described.
holocrine adj.
Brit. /ˈhɒlə(ʊ)krʌɪn/
,
/ˈhɒlə(ʊ)krɪn/
,
U.S. /ˈhɑləkrən/
,
/ˈhoʊləkrən/
,
/ˈhɑləˌkrin/
,
/ˈhoʊləˌkrin/
,
/ˈhɑləˌkraɪn/
,
/ˈhoʊləˌkraɪn/
[ < French olocrine (L. Ranvier 1887, in Jrnl. de Micrographie XI. 9), < Greek κρίνειν to separate] Physiology of, pertaining to, or designating a gland in which the secretion is produced by the complete disintegration of its cells.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > types of gland > [adjective]
pituita1598
pituitary1615
lymphatic1649
conglomerated1656
conglobate1666
conglomerate1666
conglobated1676
lymphic1681
conglobulate1709
sudoriferous1713
sudorific1721
sebaceous1728
trajectory1747
cryptal1754
cryptous1804
muciparous1825
racemose1834
racemiform1837
ganglionary1842
muciferous1842
sudoriparous1851
sebiparous1853
racemous1854
sebiferous1858
perilymphangial1873
lymphadenoid1877
perilymphatic1877
mucigenous1881
pituital1890
tubuloracemosec1900
acinic1903
holocrine1905
merocrine1905
exocrine1911
endocrine1914
endocrinic1914
endocrinous1914
endocrinal1923
apocrine1926
eccrine1931
psychoendocrine1946
acinar1949
nodal1954
mucigenic1965
1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 296/1 Holocrine, applied to a gland the cell of which, after having elaborated the material of secretion, falls into disuse and disappears.
1928 E. V. Cowdry Special Cytol. I. ii. 36 In the sebaceous glands the secretory products are elaborated by the fatty metamorphosis, destruction and discharge of the cells themselves. These are the ‘holocrine’ glands of Ranvier.
1939 V. B. Wigglesworth Princ. Insect Physiol. xi. 264 In Orthoptera, secretion is merocrine during continuous small meals, holocrine when a meal follows a period of fasting.
1949 Gray's Anat. (ed. 30) 1254 As the sebaceous glands produce their secretion by complete fatty degeneration of their central cells they are classed as holocrine glands.
1961 E. H. Mercer Keratin & Keratinization ii. 59 Some cutaneous holocrine glands of reptiles..are sac-like invaginations of the epidermis producing fatty materials.
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holocryptic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkrɪptɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈkrɪptɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkrɪptɪk/
[cryptic n. and adj.] wholly hidden or secret; spec. of a cipher incapable of being read except by those who have the key (Webster 1864).
holocrystalline adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkrɪstəlʌɪn/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈkrɪstl̩ʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈkrɪstələn/
,
/ˌhɑləˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkrɪstələn/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn/
wholly crystalline in structure; opposed to hemicrystalline.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > crystalline
crystalline1665
cryptocrystalline1849
holocrystalline1884
1884 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 40 446 The ground mass is holocrystalline.
1891 Athenæum 19 Sept. 391/1 He..describes the principal igneous rocks in groups under the three heads, A. Holocrystalline, B. Hemicrystalline, and C. Highly Glassy Rocks.
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holodactylic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)dakˈtɪlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌdækˈtɪlɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌdækˈtɪlɪk/
Prosody consisting entirely of dactyls except the last foot, as a hexameter.
holo-enzyme n.
Brit. /ˌhɒləʊˈɛnzʌɪm/
,
/ˈhɒləʊˌɛnzʌɪm/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑloʊˈɛnˌzaɪm/
,
/ˈhɑloʊˌɛnˌzaɪm/
,
/ˌhoʊloʊˈɛnˌzaɪm/
,
/ˈhoʊloʊˌɛnˌzaɪm/
[ < French holoenzyme ( Compt. Rend. XIIme Conf. Union Internat. de Chim. 43)] Biochemistry the active form of an enzyme, consisting of the apo-enzyme combined with its co-enzyme.
ΚΠ
1943 J. B. Sumner & G. F. Somers Chem. & Methods of Enzymes i. 32 A few examples of coenzymes and holoenzymes are given in Table 11.
1950 Endeavour 9 145/1 The entire enzyme or holoenzyme is built up of at least two fractions: (a) The apoenzyme, which is always a protein; it is colloidal and thermolabile. (b) The co-enzyme, of variable chemical constitution, frequently a phosphoric ester and sometimes a metallic derivative; very often the co-enzyme, which is non-colloidal, is fairly thermostable.
1971 Nature 15 Oct. 478/2 The rate of production of active holoenzyme from apoenzyme is enhanced by tryptophan about ten-fold.
Categories »
hologastrula n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈɡastrᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈɡæstrələ/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈɡæstrələ/
Embryology the gastrula of a holoblastic ovum (opposed to merogastrula).
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hologastrular adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈɡastrᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈɡæstrələr/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈɡæstrələr/
of the nature of a hologastrula.
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holognathous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒɡnəθəs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑɡnəθəs/
[Greek γνάθος jaw] Zoology having the jaw in one piece, as the section Holognatha of gastropods.
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holohemihedral adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)hɛmɪˈhiːdr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌhɛməˈhidrəl/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌhɛməˈhidrəl/
Crystallography having the full number of planes in half the octants; sometimes said of the inclined hemihedral forms of the isometric system.
holohexagonal adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)hɛkˈsaɡənl/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)hɛkˈsaɡn̩l/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌhɛkˈsæɡən(ə)l/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌhɛkˈsæɡən(ə)l/
Crystallography having the full number of normals belonging to the hexagonal system.
ΚΠ
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §235 [Hexagonal system] Holo-systematic haplohedral forms; or holohexagonal haplohedra.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §237 Holohexagonal merosymmetry.
holomictic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈmɪktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈmɪktɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈmɪktɪk/
[ < German holomiktisch (I. Findenegg 1935, in Internat. Rev. d. ges. Hydrobiol. 32 377) < Greek μικτός mixed] applied to a lake in which the full depth of water takes part in the circulation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > circulation
allotrophic1927
autotrophic1927
holomictic1937
meromictic1937
monomictic1956
1937 Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. 33 74 A normal (holomictic) thermally stratified lake consists of an epilimnion and a hypolimnion.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. viii. 537 Most of the lakes discussed herein are holomictic; that is to say, when they circulate, the circulation is complete to the bottom.
holomorph n.
Brit. /ˈhɒlə(ʊ)mɔːf/
,
U.S. /ˈhɑləˌmɔrf/
,
/ˈhoʊləˌmɔrf/
an expression which has or imitates, within a specified region of value, the properties of a corresponding integral expression.
ΚΠ
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 72/1 (note) When w is holomorphe in a region except at a point z1, where it becomes infinite without 1/w ceasing to be holomorphe near this, this point is called a pole or an infinity of w.
holomorphosis n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfəsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈmɔrfəsəs/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈmɔrfəsəs/
Biology the perfect regeneration of a lost member or part.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [noun] > growth > formation or regeneration of parts
regeneration?a1425
organogeny1844
morphosis1857
organogenesis1865
angiogenesis1888
recrescence1890
neurotization1892
heteromorphosis1894
homoeosis1894
holomorphosis1901
homomorphosis1901
organ regeneration1923
neovascularization1952
1901 T. H. Morgan Regeneration i. 24 Under this heading [sc. homomorphosis] we may distinguish two cases, in one of which the entire lost part is at once, or later, replaced—holomorphosis.
holonomic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈnɒmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈnɑmɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈnɑmɪk/
[ < German holonom (H. Hertz Ges. Werke (1894) III. i. 91), < Greek νόμος law] Mechanics applied to a constrained system in which the equations defining the constraints are integrable or already free of differentials, so that each equation effectively reduces the number of coordinates by one; also applied to the constraints themselves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to equations > systems of
holonomous1899
consistent1902
holonomic1904
linearly independent1959
1904 E. T. Whittaker Treat. Analyt. Dynamics ii. 33 Holonomic systems are therefore characterised by the fact that the number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of independent coordinates required to specify the configuration of the system.
1954 R. A. Becker Introd. Theoret. Mech. xiii. 318 Simple examples of holonomic constraints involving a single particle are those where the motion is confined to a single curve or surface.
holonomous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒnəməs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑnəməs/
= holonomic adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to equations > systems of
holonomous1899
consistent1902
holonomic1904
linearly independent1959
1899 D. E. Jones & J. T. Walley tr. H. Hertz Princ. Mech. iv. 80 A material system between whose possible positions all conceivable continuous motions are also possible motions is called a holonomous system.
1911 A. Gray & J. G. Gray Treat. Dynamics x. 555 Systems are now called holonomous or not holonomous, according as the constraints are or are not defined by finite equations.
holoparasite n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈparəsʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈpɛrəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈpɛrəˌsaɪt/
[ < German holoparasit (F. Johow 1890, in Verhandl. Deutsch. wissensch. Ver. Santiago II. ii. 67)] Biology an obligate parasite, unable to exist except in association with its host.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > parasites
parasite1728
plasmodium1886
nosophyte1890
holoparasite1891
wound-parasite1897
plasmodiophorid1975
1891 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 70 Each of these classes, except the last, may be again divided into Holoparasites and Hemiparasites.
1903 W. R. Fisher tr. A. F. W. Schimper Plant-geogr. 203 Holoparasites, which live entirely at the cost of the organic substance of their host, like holosaprophytes are devoid of chlorophyll.
1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. iv. 197 While the semi-parasites can often at first glance hardly be distinguished from their green, wholly autotrophic relatives, the total or holo-parasites display a complete or almost complete loss of chlorophyll.
holoparasitic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)parəˈsɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌpɛrəˈsɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌpɛrəˈsɪdɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [adjective] > parasites
parasitical1646
parasitic1731
monotrophic1900
holoparasitic1902
sarcosporidian1903
monoxenous1940
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 439/2 Cytineæ, Balanophoreæ, Orobanchaceæ, Lennoaceæ, are families..which are characteristically holoparasitic.
holoparasitism n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈparəsᵻtɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈpɛrəsəˌtɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈpɛrəsəˌtɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhɑləˈpɛrəˌsaɪˌtɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈpɛrəˌsaɪˌtɪz(ə)m/
the condition of being a holoparasite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [noun] > parasitism
parasitism1853
xenoparasitism1905
brood parasitism1914
holoparasitism1927
1927 W. B. McDougall Plant Ecol. ix. 125 The family Scrophulariaceæ contains representatives of all gradations from complete independence to holoparasitism.
Categories »
holophanerous adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈfanərəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈfænərəs/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈfænərəs/
[Greek ϕανερός manifest] Entomology wholly discernible; applied after Latreille to the metamorphosis of insects when complete (Craig 1847).
holophytic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈfɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈfɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈfɪdɪk/
[Greek ϕυτόν plant] Biology of, pertaining to, or designating a plant that is able to transform inorganic substances into food by photosynthesis, and so is neither parasitic nor saprophytic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [adjective] > self-nourishing
holophytic1885
autotrophic1893
prototrophic1900
1885Holophytic [see holozoic adj.].
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 820 In some instances where chlorophyl is present, nutrition appears to take place as in plants, in other words the Protozoon is holophytic. But the presence of chlorophyl need not necessarily lead to holophytic nutrition.
1900 Ann. Bot. 14 669 Thus either a saprophytic or holophytic nutrition can be maintained.
1964 J. H. Priestley & L. I. Scott Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) xxxvii. 593 It is usual for flowering plants to be autotrophic (holophytic).
holophytism n.
Brit. /ˈhɒlə(ʊ)fʌɪtɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˈhɑləˌfaɪˌtɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˈhoʊləˌfaɪˌtɪz(ə)m/
Botany the condition of being autotrophic.
ΚΠ
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Holophytism, the condition of a plant with its growth maintained entirely by its own organs, without any suspicion of saprophytism or parasitism.
holoplankton n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈplaŋ(k)tən/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈplæŋkt(ə)n/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈplæŋkt(ə)n/
[back-formation < holoplanktonic adj.] Biology a collective term for aquatic organisms that are holoplanktonic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > organism > plankton > [noun] > types of
brit1838
limnoplankton1893
zooplankton1897
meroplankton1899
potamoplankton1899
pseudoplankton1899
cryoplankton1902
hypoplankton1902
microplankton1903
haloplankton1909
holoplankton1909
meroplankton1909
nanoplankton1912
neuston1928
aeroplankton1932
staph1933
astroplankton1954
picoplankton1978
1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants xxxviii. 161 These terms ‘neritic’ and ‘pelagic’ or ‘oceanic’ plankton approximately correspond to Haeckel's ‘neroplankton’ and ‘holoplankton’ respectively.
1942 H. U. Sverdrup et al. Oceans xvii. 816 The holoplankton is composed of forms representing nearly every phylum of the animal kingdom.
1955 C. C. Davis Marine & Fresh-water Plankton i. 29 The life history is completed without the animals ever leaving their planktonic life. Animals of this type are classified as the holoplankton.
holoplanktonic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)plaŋ(k)ˈtɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌplæŋkˈtɑnɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌplæŋkˈtɑnɪk/
[ < German holoplanktonisch (E. Haeckel Plankton-Studien (1890) iii. 25)] passing all stages of the life-cycle drifting or swimming weakly in the water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > organism > plankton > [adjective] > types of
holoplanktonic1893
meroplanktonic1893
pseudoplanktonic1898
microplanktonic1930
picoplanktonic1982
1893 G. W. Field tr. E. Hæckel Planktonic Stud. in Rep. U.S. Comm. Fisheries 1889–91 583 Numerous organisms pass their whole life..hovering in the ocean, while with others this is not the case. The first group we call holoplanktonic.
1963 J. E. G. Raymont Plankton & Productivity in Oceans xiv. 371 The holoplanktonic members are also subject to seasonal breeding.
holoplexia n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈplɛksɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈplɛksiə/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈplɛksiə/
[as if modern Latin, after apoplexia apoplexy n.] general or total paralysis (cf. hemiplegia n.).Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1801 Syd. Smith in Mem. (1855) I. 46 Why this holoplexia on sacred occasions alone? Why call in the aid of paralysis to piety?
holopneustic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈnjuːstɪk/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)pˈnjuːstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑlə(p)ˈn(j)ustɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊlə(p)ˈn(j)ustɪk/
[ < German holopneustisch (J. A. Palmén Morphol. des Tracheensystems (1877) vii. 78), < Greek πνευστικός for breathing (πνεῖν to breathe)] Entomology having ten pairs of spiracles (in some cases eleven), all of which are functional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [adjective] > of general parts > having ten pairs of functional spiracles
holopneustic1892
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [adjective] > of respiration > relating to a spiracle > bearing > having ten pairs of
holopneustic1892
1892 J. A. Thomson Outl. Zool. xiii. 266 In adult aërial life, the tracheæ of the body acquire stigmata, and the insect becomes ‘holopneustic’.
1947 Trans. Royal Ent. Soc. 98 459 Aquatic holometabolous larvae which are holopneustic do not appear to exist.
1960 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 9) i. 134 The Holopneustic Respiratory System. —This is the most primitive arrangement found in living insects, 10 pairs of functional spiracles being present.
holoptic adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒptɪk/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑptɪk/
(see quot. 1893).
ΚΠ
1893 E. A. Butler Our Househ. Insects ix. 186 The eyes of the males come completely into contact on the forehead... Flies whose eyes meet in this way are said to be ‘holoptic’ (whole-eyed).
holorhinal adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈrʌɪnl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈraɪn(ə)l/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈraɪn(ə)l/
[ < holo- comb. form + -rhinal comb. form] Ornithology having the nasal bones slightly or not at all cleft.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > bones > [adjective] > of palatine
septomaxillary1868
schizognathous1872
holorhinal1884
schizorhinal1884
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 165 A bird having the [nasal] bones..with moderate forking, so that the angle of the fork bounding the nostrils behind, does not reach so far back as the fronto-premaxillary suture, is termed holorhinal.
1892 Gadow Classif. Birds in Proc. Zool. Soc., 5 Œdicnemidæ Cosmopolitan, Holorhinal. No basipterygoid processes.
holosaprophyte n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsaprəfʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsæprəˌfaɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsæprəˌfaɪt/
[ < German holosaprophyt (F. Johow 1889, in Jahrb. f. wissensch. Bot. XX. 479)] Botany an obligate saprophyte.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > that lives on organic matter
saprophyte1875
holosaprophyte1890
hemisaprophyte1895
1890 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 205 Herr F. Johow describes the peculiarities of structure of the ‘holosaprophytes’, or saprophytes destitute of chlorophyll.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 439/1 Angiospermous holosaprophytes are not common.
1960 W. B. Crow Synopsis of Biol. lxxxiv. 518 The completely saprophytic genera (holosaprophytes) in Britain are the orchids Neottia and Corallorhiza and the similar Monotropa which is allied to the heath family.
holosaprophytic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)saprəˈfɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌsæprəˈfɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌsæprəˈfɪdɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [adjective] > living on organic matter or lacking chlorophyll
saprophytic1882
achlorophyllous1889
holosaprophytic1895
1895 Ann. Bot. 9 327 A number of holosaprophytic forms found in the tropics..constitute the Burmanniaceous genus Thismia.
holosericeous adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)səˈrɪʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləsəˈrɪʃəs/
,
/ˌhoʊləsəˈrɪʃəs/
[Latin sēricum silk] Botany wholly covered with silky pubescence.
ΚΠ
1831 G. Don Gardener's Dict. I. p. xvii Holosericeous, covered all over with silky down.
holosiderite n.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsɪdərʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsɪdəˌraɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsɪdəˌraɪt/
[Greek σίδηρος iron: see -ite suffix1] a meteorite consisting entirely or almost entirely of iron.
ΚΠ
1881 J. Lubbock Addr. Brit. Assoc. in Nature No. 618. 409 The whole class of meteorites, consisting of iron generally alloyed with nickel, which Daubrée terms Holosiderites.
Categories »
holosiphonate adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪfn̩ət/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪfn̩eɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈsaɪfənət/
,
/ˌhɑləˈsaɪfəˌneɪt/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsaɪfənət/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈsaɪfəˌneɪt/
Zoology having a completely tubular siphon, as the order Holosiphona or Dibranchiata of cephalopods.
Categories »
holospondaic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)spɒnˈdeɪɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌspɑnˈdeɪɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌspɑnˈdeɪɪk/
Prosody consisting wholly of spondees, as a hexameter.
holostean adj. and n.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒstɪən/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑstiən/
[Greek ὀστέον bone] (a) adj. entirely bony; having a wholly osseous skeleton, as the group Holostei of ganoid fishes; (b) n. a fish belonging to this group.
ΚΠ
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 264 Holostean Ganoids.
Categories »
holosteous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒstɪəs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑstiəs/
= holostean adj. and n.
holosteric adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈstɛrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈstɛrɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈstɛrɪk/
[irregularly < Greek στερεός solid] wholly solid; applied to a barometric instrument in which no liquid is employed, as an aneroid.
ΚΠ
1870 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. VI. 414 Holosteric..has appeared of late years, as the distinguishing name of a particular form of barometer, resembling an aneroid.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1113/2 The aneroid of Vidi, and the bent tube of Bourdon, are examples of holosteric barometers.
holotesseral adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈtɛs(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈtɛs(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈtɛsərəl/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈtɛsərəl/
ΚΠ
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §176 Holo-systematic haplohedral forms; or holo-tesseral hemihedra.
holotetragonal adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)tɛˈtraɡ(ə)nl/
,
/ˌhɒlə(ʊ)tᵻˈtraɡ(ə)nl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˌtɛˈtræɡən(ə)l/
,
/ˌhoʊləˌtɛˈtræɡən(ə)l/
Crystallography having the full number of normals belonging to the tesseral, or the tetragonal, system.
ΚΠ
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §207 Holosystematic haplohedral forms; holotetragonal hemihedra.
holothecal adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈθiːkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈθik(ə)l/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈθik(ə)l/
[Greek θήκη case, envelope] Ornithology having the tarsal envelope entire or undivided.
ΚΠ
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 125 A booted or holothecal tarsus chiefly occurs in the higher Oscines.
holotrichous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒtrᵻkəs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑtrəkəs/
[Greek θρίξ, τριχ- hair] Biology belonging to the order Holotricha of infusorians, which have similar cilia all over the body.
ΚΠ
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ii. 104 In the holotrichous Paramoecium..there is a very distinct cortical layer.
Categories »
holotrochous adj.
Brit. /hə(ʊ)ˈlɒtrəkəs/
,
U.S. /həˈlɑtrəkəs/
[Greek τροχός wheel] Biology belonging to the division Holotrocha of Rotifers, which have one entire trochal disk.
holozoic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɒlə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɑləˈzoʊɪk/
,
/ˌhoʊləˈzoʊɪk/
[Greek ζῶον animal] Biology wholly like an animal in mode of nutrition: said of certain Protozoa, in opposition to holophytic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > [adjective] > in mode of nutrition
holozoic1885
1885 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 861/2 All [the Ciliata] are holozoic in their nutrition, though some are said to combine with this saprophytic and holophytic nutrition.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 820 The food-material consists..of living or dead animals or plants, and the Protozoon is then said to be holozoic.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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