holocaustn.

/ˈhɒləʊkɔːst/

Etymology: < French holocauste (12th cent.), < late Latin holocaustum, < Greek ὁλόκαυστον neuter of ὁλόκαυστος (by-form of ὁλόκαυτος), < ὅλος whole + καυστός, καυτός burnt.

1. A sacrifice wholly consumed by fire; a whole burnt offering.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > burnt

holocausta1325

burnt-sacrifice1382

burnt offeringc1384

fire offering1617

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1326 Ysaac was leid ðat auter on, So men sulden holocaust don.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxiij^v A greater thynge then all holocaustes and sacrifises.

1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 101 In the latter part thereof stands the altar of Holocausts.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. iii. 272 These Druids wou'd have sacrificed many a Holocaust of Free-thinkers.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxii. 254 A holocaust of the most munificent character.

2. transferred and figurative.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

a. A complete sacrifice or offering.

b. A sacrifice on a large scale.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > of many or on a large scale

hecatomb1598

holocaust1868

1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij a Very true obedyence is an holocauste of martyrdom made to Cryste.

1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xx. clxxiv. 396 The perfect Holocaust of generous Love.

1688 in London Gaz. No. 2401/1 We..humbly offer our Lives and Fortunes..which is that true Holocaust which all true honest-hearted Scotsmen will give to so good..a Prince.

a1711 T. Ken Anodynes in Wks. (1721) III. 477 While I thy Holocaust remain.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 139 By another grand holocaust of fellowships we might perhaps purchase another respite.

c. Complete consumption by fire, or that which is so consumed; complete destruction, esp. of a large number of persons; a great slaughter or massacre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > consumption by fire > complete

holocaust1671

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > widespread destruction

decimationa1613

panolethry1668

holocaust1833

pan-destruction1884

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] > instance of

slaughter1483

Sicilian Vespers1586

plot of the long knivesa1604

blood feast?1611

Parisian matins1614

Parisian massacre1657

bloodbath1814

Roman holiday1818

holocaust1833

bath of blood1882

pogrom1889

bloodfest1907

blood purge1959

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1702 Like that self-begott'n bird In the Arabian woods embost, That no second knows nor third, And lay e're while a Holocaust .

a1711 T. Ken Christophil in Wks. (1721) I. 442 Shou'd gen'ral Flame this World consume.. An Holocaust for Fontal Sin.

1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 104 Louis VII..once made a holocaust of thirteen hundred persons in a church.

1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville III. 124 When Major Percival has made a holocaust of your letters.

1940 Hansard Commons 6 Mar. 416 The general holocaust of civilised standards.

1944 H. F. Rubinstein Hated Servants 167 The siege will take a heavy toll, and few who live to the end of it will survive the holocaust that must follow.

1987 Sunday Tel. 23 Nov. 15 (heading) Aids: the new holocaust.

d. the Holocaust: the mass murder of the Jews by the Nazis in the war of 1939–1945. Also used in extended sense, of the similar fate of other groups; and attributive.The specific application was introduced by historians during the 1950s, probably as an equivalent to Hebrew ḥurban and shoah ‘catastrophe’ (used in the same sense); but it had been foreshadowed by contemporary references to the Nazi atrocities as a ‘holocaust’ (sense 2c): see quots. 1942 –9.

ΚΠ

1942 News Chron. 5 Dec. 2/2 Holocaust...Nothing else in Hitler's record is comparable to his treatment of the Jews...The word has gone forth that..the Jewish peoples are to be exterminated...The conscience of humanity stands aghast.

1943 Hansard Lords 23 Mar. 826 The Nazis go on killing..If this rule could be relaxed, some hundreds, and possibly a few thousands, might be enabled to escape from this holocaust.

1945 M. R. Cohen in S. Goldschmidt Legal Claims against Germany p.vi Millions of surviving victims of the Nazi holocaust, Jews and non-Jews, will stand before us in the years to come.

1949 Proc. Amer. Acad. for Jewish Research 18 193 Problems of Jewish Hurban research.]

1957 Yad Washem Bull. Apr. 35/2 (heading) Research on the Holocaust Period.

1958 Yad Washem Bull. July 2/2 The catastrophe which overtook us...The Inquisition..is not the same as the Holocaust.

1962 B. Glanville Diamond xviii. 296 The holocaust..was the inevitable end, the logical conclusion of the pogroms, the Mosley marches, the hatred.

1965 A. Donat (title) The holocaust kingdom.

1967 N. Cohn Warrant for Genocide ix. 208 By the autumn of 1944 the holocaust was nearing its conclusion.

1968 Manch. Guardian Weekly 25 Apr. 10/4 There is now within modern history a compartment of ‘holocaust studies’—dealing with the wholesale destruction by the Nazis of European Jewry.

1972 F. Forsyth Odessa File 306 The mausoleum of Yad Vashem,..the shrine to six million of his fellow Jews who died in the holocaust.

1980 Jewish Chron. 18 Apr. 9/3 A memorial service..to mark Holocaust Day.

in extended use.1973 T. Bieleczki & L. Szymanski Warsaw Aflame 5 Genocide against the Polish as well as the Jewish sections of the population...Warsaw Aflame was..written by men who lived through the holocaust.1981 N. Davies God's Playground II. xx. 454 From 1941, Poland became the home of humanity's Holocaust.1981 F. Rector Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals vi. 115 The number of gay Holocaust victims is substantial.1981 F. Rector Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals vi. 116 At least 500,000 gays died in the Holocaust.1985 A. Ramati And Violins stopped Playing (1986) 7 The Germans don't even admit that there was a Gypsy holocaust..there are memorials in Auschwitz for all the nations whose people died there, except for the Gypsies!

Derivatives

ˈholocaust v. (transitive) to offer as a holocaust.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [verb (transitive)] > make a burnt offering

burnc1175

holocaust1647

1647 On I.W. A.B. of York in J. Cleveland Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 50 Where you might have seen His conscience holocausted to his spleen.

holoˈcaustal adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [adjective] > burnt

holocaustal1828

holocaustic1871

1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 350 The retainers, ruggin' and rivin' at holocaustal sheep.

holoˈcaustic adj. belonging to or of the nature of a holocaust.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [adjective] > burnt

holocaustal1828

holocaustic1871

1871 R. B. Vaughan St. Thomas of Aquin II. 920 The first principles of holocaustic sacrifice.

Draft additions July 2002

Holocaust denial n. (also holocaust denial) denial that the Holocaust (sense 2d) occurred, or insistence that it has been greatly exaggerated; usually as part of a general espousal of extreme right-wing or neo-Nazi ideology.

ΚΠ

1984 W. Gleberzon in Interchange on Educ. 14–15 66 It is evident that the Holocaust denial writers..are writing from a new perspective on the past—one arising out of their basic premise that the Holocaust..is based on lies.

2000 R. G. Teitel Transitional Justice iii. 106 Holocaust denial now creates a basis for criminal prosecution [in the U.S.]. According to the new laws, if a person ‘approved, denied or made light of acts of genocide perpetrated under the Nazis’ and the insulted party is a member of a group persecuted..this act gives rise to criminal liability.

Draft additions July 2002

Holocaust denier n. (also holocaust denier) a person who engages in Holocaust denial, esp. as part of a consistent campaign or entrenched opinion.

ΚΠ

1985 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 Mar. 7/6 The terms ‘Holocaust deniers’ or ‘history falsifiers’ are more accurate to describe..his network of supporters throughout the world.

1995 N. G. Finkelstein Image & Reality of Israel–Palestine Conflict 193 One of the more crude Nazi holocaust deniers asserts that the ‘500,000 concentration camp survivors’ proves that the Third Reich did not pursue a systematic extermination policy.

2000 Daily Tel. (Electronic ed.) 12 Apr. He was a Holocaust denier, who had..rubbished the existence of the gas chambers and twisted events to portray Hitler in a favourable light.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	holocaust
释义	holocaustn. /ˈhɒləʊkɔːst/ Etymology: < French holocauste (12th cent.), < late Latin holocaustum, < Greek ὁλόκαυστον neuter of ὁλόκαυστος (by-form of ὁλόκαυτος), < ὅλος whole + καυστός, καυτός burnt. 1. A sacrifice wholly consumed by fire; a whole burnt offering. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > burnt holocausta1325 burnt-sacrifice1382 burnt offeringc1384 fire offering1617 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1326 Ysaac was leid ðat auter on, So men sulden holocaust don. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxiij^v A greater thynge then all holocaustes and sacrifises. 1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 101 In the latter part thereof stands the altar of Holocausts. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. iii. 272 These Druids wou'd have sacrificed many a Holocaust of Free-thinkers. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxii. 254 A holocaust of the most munificent character. 2. transferred and figurative. Thesaurus » Categories » a. A complete sacrifice or offering. b. A sacrifice on a large scale. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > of many or on a large scale hecatomb1598 holocaust1868 1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij a Very true obedyence is an holocauste of martyrdom made to Cryste. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xx. clxxiv. 396 The perfect Holocaust of generous Love. 1688 in London Gaz. No. 2401/1 We..humbly offer our Lives and Fortunes..which is that true Holocaust which all true honest-hearted Scotsmen will give to so good..a Prince. a1711 T. Ken Anodynes in Wks. (1721) III. 477 While I thy Holocaust remain. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 139 By another grand holocaust of fellowships we might perhaps purchase another respite. c. Complete consumption by fire, or that which is so consumed; complete destruction, esp. of a large number of persons; a great slaughter or massacre. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > consumption by fire > complete holocaust1671 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > widespread destruction decimationa1613 panolethry1668 holocaust1833 pan-destruction1884 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] > instance of slaughter1483 Sicilian Vespers1586 plot of the long knivesa1604 blood feast?1611 Parisian matins1614 Parisian massacre1657 bloodbath1814 Roman holiday1818 holocaust1833 bath of blood1882 pogrom1889 bloodfest1907 blood purge1959 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1702 Like that self-begott'n bird In the Arabian woods embost, That no second knows nor third, And lay e're while a Holocaust . View more context for this quotation a1711 T. Ken Christophil in Wks. (1721) I. 442 Shou'd gen'ral Flame this World consume.. An Holocaust for Fontal Sin. 1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 104 Louis VII..once made a holocaust of thirteen hundred persons in a church. 1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville III. 124 When Major Percival has made a holocaust of your letters. 1940 Hansard Commons 6 Mar. 416 The general holocaust of civilised standards. 1944 H. F. Rubinstein Hated Servants 167 The siege will take a heavy toll, and few who live to the end of it will survive the holocaust that must follow. 1987 Sunday Tel. 23 Nov. 15 (heading) Aids: the new holocaust. d. the Holocaust: the mass murder of the Jews by the Nazis in the war of 1939–1945. Also used in extended sense, of the similar fate of other groups; and attributive.The specific application was introduced by historians during the 1950s, probably as an equivalent to Hebrew ḥurban and shoah ‘catastrophe’ (used in the same sense); but it had been foreshadowed by contemporary references to the Nazi atrocities as a ‘holocaust’ (sense 2c): see quots. 1942 –9. ΚΠ 1942 News Chron. 5 Dec. 2/2 Holocaust...Nothing else in Hitler's record is comparable to his treatment of the Jews...The word has gone forth that..the Jewish peoples are to be exterminated...The conscience of humanity stands aghast. 1943 Hansard Lords 23 Mar. 826 The Nazis go on killing..If this rule could be relaxed, some hundreds, and possibly a few thousands, might be enabled to escape from this holocaust. 1945 M. R. Cohen in S. Goldschmidt Legal Claims against Germany p.vi Millions of surviving victims of the Nazi holocaust, Jews and non-Jews, will stand before us in the years to come. 1949 Proc. Amer. Acad. for Jewish Research 18 193 Problems of Jewish Hurban research.] 1957 Yad Washem Bull. Apr. 35/2 (heading) Research on the Holocaust Period. 1958 Yad Washem Bull. July 2/2 The catastrophe which overtook us...The Inquisition..is not the same as the Holocaust. 1962 B. Glanville Diamond xviii. 296 The holocaust..was the inevitable end, the logical conclusion of the pogroms, the Mosley marches, the hatred. 1965 A. Donat (title) The holocaust kingdom. 1967 N. Cohn Warrant for Genocide ix. 208 By the autumn of 1944 the holocaust was nearing its conclusion. 1968 Manch. Guardian Weekly 25 Apr. 10/4 There is now within modern history a compartment of ‘holocaust studies’—dealing with the wholesale destruction by the Nazis of European Jewry. 1972 F. Forsyth Odessa File 306 The mausoleum of Yad Vashem,..the shrine to six million of his fellow Jews who died in the holocaust. 1980 Jewish Chron. 18 Apr. 9/3 A memorial service..to mark Holocaust Day. in extended use.1973 T. Bieleczki & L. Szymanski Warsaw Aflame 5 Genocide against the Polish as well as the Jewish sections of the population...Warsaw Aflame was..written by men who lived through the holocaust.1981 N. Davies God's Playground II. xx. 454 From 1941, Poland became the home of humanity's Holocaust.1981 F. Rector Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals vi. 115 The number of gay Holocaust victims is substantial.1981 F. Rector Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals vi. 116 At least 500,000 gays died in the Holocaust.1985 A. Ramati And Violins stopped Playing (1986) 7 The Germans don't even admit that there was a Gypsy holocaust..there are memorials in Auschwitz for all the nations whose people died there, except for the Gypsies! Derivatives ˈholocaust v. (transitive) to offer as a holocaust. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [verb (transitive)] > make a burnt offering burnc1175 holocaust1647 1647 On I.W. A.B. of York in J. Cleveland Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 50 Where you might have seen His conscience holocausted to his spleen. holoˈcaustal adj. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [adjective] > burnt holocaustal1828 holocaustic1871 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 350 The retainers, ruggin' and rivin' at holocaustal sheep. holoˈcaustic adj. belonging to or of the nature of a holocaust. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [adjective] > burnt holocaustal1828 holocaustic1871 1871 R. B. Vaughan St. Thomas of Aquin II. 920 The first principles of holocaustic sacrifice. Draft additions July 2002 Holocaust denial n. (also holocaust denial) denial that the Holocaust (sense 2d) occurred, or insistence that it has been greatly exaggerated; usually as part of a general espousal of extreme right-wing or neo-Nazi ideology. ΚΠ 1984 W. Gleberzon in Interchange on Educ. 14–15 66 It is evident that the Holocaust denial writers..are writing from a new perspective on the past—one arising out of their basic premise that the Holocaust..is based on lies. 2000 R. G. Teitel Transitional Justice iii. 106 Holocaust denial now creates a basis for criminal prosecution [in the U.S.]. According to the new laws, if a person ‘approved, denied or made light of acts of genocide perpetrated under the Nazis’ and the insulted party is a member of a group persecuted..this act gives rise to criminal liability. Draft additions July 2002 Holocaust denier n. (also holocaust denier) a person who engages in Holocaust denial, esp. as part of a consistent campaign or entrenched opinion. ΚΠ 1985 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 Mar. 7/6 The terms ‘Holocaust deniers’ or ‘history falsifiers’ are more accurate to describe..his network of supporters throughout the world. 1995 N. G. Finkelstein Image & Reality of Israel–Palestine Conflict 193 One of the more crude Nazi holocaust deniers asserts that the ‘500,000 concentration camp survivors’ proves that the Third Reich did not pursue a systematic extermination policy. 2000 Daily Tel. (Electronic ed.) 12 Apr. He was a Holocaust denier, who had..rubbished the existence of the gas chambers and twisted events to portray Hitler in a favourable light. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1325
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