| 释义 |
humanadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French humain; Latin hūmānus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman humeigne (feminine), humane (feminine), Anglo-Norman and Middle French humain, humayn (French humain ) of or belonging to people (as opposed either to animals or to God) (1119 in Anglo-Norman), having human nature or characteristics (c1170), composed of people (c1174), benevolent (c1175), having people (as opposed to God) as its subject (1552 in letres humaines : compare humane letters n. at humane adj. Compounds), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin hūmānus of or belonging to people (as opposed either to animals or to divine beings), characteristic of people, civilized, cultured, cultivated, kindly, considerate, merciful, indulgent < the same base as homin- , homō homo n.1 + -ānus -an suffix, although the origin of the vocalism is unclear. Compare Old Occitan uman , Catalan humà (14th cent.), Spanish humano (c1200), Portuguese humano (13th cent.), Italian umano (13th cent.). With use as noun compare classical Latin hūmānus human being, hūmānum that which is human (uses as noun of masculine and neuter respectively of hūmānus , adjective), French humain human being (1340 in Middle French, usually in plural), human nature (a1630). Compare humane adj.The position of the stress varied in early use (including among the α. forms, which could show stress on either the first or the second syllable). One pattern of distribution of the stress variants is reflected by Writing Scholar's Compan. (1695), which records stress on the first syllable ('humane ) in attributive use, but on the second syllable (hu'mane ) in predicative use. The modern semantic distinction between human adj. and humane adj. is evident from the 18th cent. (as e.g. in Johnson 1755, which also reflects the modern stress pattern), but does not become invariable until the end of the 19th cent., and some semantic overlap remains even in modern usage (compare sense A. 5). Compare the history of divers adj. and diverse adj. A. adj. 1. the world > people > [adjective] ?c1450 tr. (1906) 143 (MED) For the gret compassion and pitee that he hadde upon all humaigne lynage. 1484 W. Caxton tr. vi. xii Iupyter loued the humayn lygnage. c1500 (1895) 15 Thou shalt..dey as a naturel & humayn woman. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau sig. B iv All humaine creatures. 1613 S. Purchas 320 Humane Sacrifices were offered to Diana. 1667 J. Milton iv. 750 Haile wedded Love, mysterious Law, true sourse Of human ofspring. View more context for this quotation 1683 Pref. 3 Affirming the most High and Sacred Order of Kings..to be a meer human Creature. 1729 T. Cooke 24 The human Brute, who view'd her Charms unfir'd. 1730 D. Waterland i. 79 A much better Argument against human Sacrifices, than a probative Command, not executed, could be for it. 1780 T. Holcroft I. vi. 78 The propagation of the human species is accelerated in the direct ratio of the mutual attraction that subsists between the two sexes. 1807 17 553 To make a mere experiment on a human subject. 1842 J. C. Prichard 326 The human inhabitants of Oceanica divide themselves into three groups. 1898 C. P. Stetson i. 5 The economic status of the human female is relative to the sex-relation. 1958 25 Sept. 887/2 The human artist of today struggles to free himself from all structuring or imagery. 1964 18 Apr. 243 The announcement of the finding of a new human species that lived in Africa 1.82 million years ago calls for a major revision in anthropologists' concepts of how the human race began. 2004 (National ed.) 20 Apr. a19/3 Inside a human host, the viruses for avian and human influenzas could swap some genetic material. 1737 A. Hill 33 Clap some human Whirlwind 's blust'ring Rage, That, o'er twelve Heads descending, shakes the Stage! 1746 Nov. 344/1 There is, in short, a Person..who calls himself the Man Ostrich; intending to shew himself for a Sight, as he can do like the Ostrich, eat and digest Iron.] 1812 R. Southey in 7 53 These human ghowls were not content..to let their friends die a natural death before they ate them. 1838 11 i. 349/2 Human ostrich... A..very sour-looking man; who..had his pockets filled with edibles, varying from cold boulli to lump sugar. 1853 24 Aug. A human Pincushion... Great numbers of pins, needles, and pieces of carious bone were extracted from..her body. 1859 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table in Mar. 359/1 We feel as if our electricity had been drained by a powerful negative battery, carried about by an overgrown human torpedo. 1895 July 7 Entering the tent, she cast her eyes about; the Bearded Lady, the Wild Man from Borneo..—her eyes instantly sought out..the Human Pincushion. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ i. 3 In such a shop..there is always a human spider lurking in the background, who steals out upon any human fly that may pause to look at the wares. 1907 Apr. 813/1 We have the great Eureka, the Human Dictionary—see..the mnemonic mental marvel of the universe. 1919 L. P. Shanks viii. 159 Poor human carthorse, denied his bread after forty years of brutalizing toil. 1935 5 Apr. 8 A human dynamo of enormous kilowattage. 1954 27 Nov. 60/1 (advt.) Locked in a 800 lb. projectile..discharged at extraordinary velocity, exploding in midair, ejecting the human rocket 75 feet away. 1969 21 Jan. 1/1 Two more ‘human torch’ protests... A second Czechoslovak has tried to take his life as a political protest by setting fire to himself. 1999 M. Dery iii. 90 Jim Rose is..a carny barker and sideshow performer who eats lightbulbs, pounds nails up his nose, and performs as a human dartboard. 2004 (Nexis) 19 Apr. 8 c Baron Davis, doing his best impression of a human pretzel, is contorted on the floor, getting stretched by a trainer. the world > people > [adjective] > opposed to divine society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [adjective] α. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1928) 492 When the moder of good, blessyd mary, That day she sprang in oure nature humayne. ?1510 T. More tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola sig. a.iii He left these commyn troden pathis and gaue him self hole to speculation & philosophy as well humane as dyuine. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. B.vjv I haue vsed in this wrytyng, the whiche is humayne, that that diuers tymes hath bene vsed in diuinitie. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus ii. 392 There are two natures in Christ, one divine..the other humane. 1613 S. Purchas 320 Humane and Divine learning. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. i. 190 Past thought of humane reason. View more context for this quotation 1680 W. Temple Ess. Orig. & Nature of Govt. in 57 Heroes, that is, persons issued from the mixture of divine and humane race. 1711 A. Pope 30 To Err is Humane; to Forgive, Divine. 1770 H. Brooke V. 288 What a pity that a Heart, so susceptible of all divine and humane Feelings, should sit as a lonely Turtle..without a suitable Mate. the world > people > [adjective] > opposed to animals or objects the world > people > [adjective] > relating to mankind α. 1495 (de Worde) i. sig. Aiijv/1 This creatour thenne made man, and nature humayne comune. a1500 (Trin. Cambr.) l. 951 (MED) Neuer humain ey saw to it egal! ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau sig. B Others have bewailed..the humaine calamities. 1613 S. Purchas 762 They thinke that all the gods are of humane shape. 1710 R. Steele No. 120. ⁋1 The Contemplation of Humane Life. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in 16 I was..set, as is the custom in our trade, to practise on a sheep's-head..before I was allowed to venture on the humane countenance. 1866 30 Jan. Here is the field where the Student of humane nature, can learn the various workings of the humane mind. 1824 T. Medwin 157 [Quoting Byron] There was another objection: all the human interest would have been destroyed, which I have even endeavoured to give my Angels. 1885 16 May 356 A tale full of human interest, brightly dialogued. 1937 1 Nov. 3 (heading) (advt.) The Whole Story of Our Nation... Revealed from the Human Side! 1941 317 The Press mirrored the age, copying from America tabloid news, the ‘human angle’, and..illustrations. 1945 E. Waugh ii. ii. 233 A woman reporter..had come..to get a ‘human story’ of the dangers of my journey. 1999 M. Syal (2000) ii. 64 We want the human angle now. How people love, who they love, that tells you more than a skipload of earnest statistics. the world > people > [adjective] > having human qualities 1837 H. Martineau III. 184 Every prison visitor has been conscious, on first conversing privately with a criminal, of a feeling of surprise at finding him so human. 1851 T. Carlyle ii. v Every way a very human, lovable, good and nimble man. 1855 H. W. Longfellow Introd. 7 Ye..Who believe, that in all ages Every human heart is human. 1883 A. M. Fairbairn iii. i. 230 The ideal of manhood He [sc. Christ] created..remains the regnant ideal of man, the humanest men being the men who realize it. 1905 G. K. Chesterton 90 It is hard to see at first sight why so human a thing as leisure and larkiness should always have a religious origin. 1951 S. Spender iv. 201 Franz was incapable of becoming a cog in a political machine, and he remained profoundly human. 1991 R. Davies v. vi. 255 The deeply human music of this poet who weeps as he sings and embodies so much of the spirit of his age. the world > people > [adjective] > opposed to animals or objects 1851 D. H. Riddle 15 The excesses which seem almost necessarily incident to the human factor in the elements of progress. 1897 38 111 It is all very well to say the men are careless, but the human element has to be reckoned with. 1921 B. F. Fletcher (ed. 6) i. 546 The Baroque..gave expression once again to the human side in architecture. 1983 N. Spinrad (1984) 8 In functional terms, the Pilot is the human component of the Jump Circuit. 1991 Sept. 195/1 Topics covered include the human dimension in offshore safety. 2007 (Nexis) 11 Nov. (Local section) 6 Watchmakers have a tendency to be so wrapped up in their own mechanical world that they neglect the human aspect of their business. B. n.the world > people > person > [noun] 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant iv. sig. Biii Mayst thou not well thynke that the sauyour of all the worlde shall Juge all ye humaynes & of the mysdedes wyll reuenge hym. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. Gg.vijv No man among men, nor humain amonge the humains. 1584 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas i. 4 But for that Dauids hands with blood were filde throu infinits of humaines he had kilde. 1652 F. Kirkman tr. A. Du Périer 83 Among you earthly humanes. 1668 Duchess of Newcastle (ed. 2) App. iii. viii. 275 Not only such Creatures, but Humans also, desire a better Change: for, what Human would not be a glorious Sun, or Starr? 1721 T. D'Urfey Grecian Heroine iv. i, in 136 A Theme for ever to be celebrated Whilst Time exists, and Humans have a Being. 1791 J. Elphinston V. 22 Let each degree ov humans raiz Glad voice. 1839 F. Marryat II. 211 Of all the humans, you're the one I most wish to see. 1879 G. MacDonald ix. 54 Gibbie fell to..hugging him [sc. the dog] as if he had been a human. 1898 H. S. Canfield i. 18 A man could ride from here to forty-mile the other side of Edwardsville and never see a human. 1934 6 Apr. 10/1 No anthropoid apes or very early humans, however, have ever been found in America. 1955 9 July 25/3 Bang's disease in cattle is known as brucellosis in humans. 1971 Jan. 49/1 A third hailed him, as a great scientist and a superb human. 2007 May 39/1 They cannot conduct experimentation on a human unless the human in question knows exactly what he's getting himself into. 2. With the. the world > people > [noun] > that which relates to man 1840 R. W. Emerson in July 2 Under the fictions and customs which occupied others, these [people] have explored the Necessary, the Plain, the True, the Human,—and so gained a vantage ground. 1871 R. H. Hutton I. v. 112 A working hypothesis, to keep us, while confined in the human, from blindly and unconsciously dashing ourselves against the laws of the divine. 1919 M. K. Bradby 205 The distinctively animal gives way in order to express the distinctively human. 2001 R. Holloway x. 148 Those human constructs that are created to connect the human with the divine. the world > people > [noun] 1841 E. B. Barrett 28 Aug. (1897) I. 88 I may say so now—as far as the human may say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ of their futurity. 1969 A. Klopper & E. Diczfalusy iii. 62 The great majority of implantations in the case of the human take place in the fundus of the uterus and in the posterior wall. 1994 D. Tulchinsky & A. B. Little (ed. 2) xi. 179/2 The importance of growth hormone in the human is questionable. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. a. 1653 J. Bulwer (rev. ed.) 444 It is written of the River Colhan, in the Kingdome of Cobin among the Indians, that there are some humane shaped Fishes there called Cippœ, which feed upon other fishes. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo ix, in (1721) III. 256 No human-bounded Mind Can comprehend Love unconfin'd. 1768 III. 196 A human-figured stick. 1844 C. Fox 9 Jan. (1972) 148 Dickens' beautiful human-hearted ‘Christmas Carol’. 1853 7 May 7/2 Two works of Assyrian art were unearthed,..a pair of winged human-headed lions in perfect preservation, and most elaborately carved. 1870 W. Graham 246 The humanheartedness of the Father. 1880 ‘V. Lee’ ii. 33 This Niobe group, twice human-sized. 1911 L. R. Farnell iv. 54 The human-shaped deities whom we find standing on lions in the Babylonian art. 1967 80 404 Surely Solomon's geometric Temple is a far cry from a Gothic cathedral with human-figured friezes and portals. 2007 9 Aug. 5/1 Scientists in Japan have taught a human-sized robot to imitate the steps of a dancer. 1688 D. Leeds tr. J. Böhme 110 The human angelical Desire standeth in the centre of the eternal Nature. 1749 H. Fielding III. ix. ii. 317 The human-angelic Species. View more context for this quotation 1794 W. Peckitt Contents p. iv Of the immortality, election, ordaination in Common, dignity, and duty, of Man in his human-angelic state on Earth. 1839 M. Sibly in xxviii. 282 When our resurrection shall be accomplished, we may at once enter with our Lord into the marriage chamber of heaven, there to solace our happy spirits in human angelic delights. 1863 n.s. 1 518 Dogmatic theology is a human science, or, more correctly speaking, a human-divine science, constructed on the data furnished in the dogma or truths revealed by God. 1915 24 47 It is on this human-divine nature of man that the Vedantic Ethic is based. 1983 5 147 When I read his unfolding definition of terror..I could only think of a human demonic power and not a natural, albeit sublime, one. 2001 M. L. Bastian in H. L. Moore & T. Sanders iv. 73 Urban spaces at night were most often the sites for hybrid, human-bestial behaviour. b. Some of these uses may be interpreted as compounds of the noun. the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs > of life 1542 T. Becon vi. sig. Diiij Let euery man say, farewel to al humayne affayres and worldely matters, and so quietly repose himselfe, while he prayeth. a1657 W. Burton (1658) 67 A gallant despiciency..of all human affairs. 1741 D. Hume I. 176 Such mighty Revolutions have happened in human Affairs..as are sufficient to beget the Suspicion of still farther Changes. 1877 L. H. Morgan iii. i. 399 From its limited prevalence it made but little impression upon human affairs. 2006 2 Oct. 93/3 There was no pre-lapsarian moment when human affairs were not, at bottom, about taking and killing. 1725 P. Shaw I. 27 Our own age has shewn us what light comparative may give to human anatomy. 1841 4 65 There are also three assistant preparators in general chemistry, applied chemistry, and human anatomy. 1927 Nov. p. lxxxiv/2 This treatise on human anatomy and physiology, with side-glances at pathology, is addressed to the educated layman. 2004 S. Hall 116 How Raphael faked his genius, fooled the world with his too-posed, too-pretty, too-poncy figures, the more refined and idealized he got the more he gave back what the Renaissance had recovered from the Dark-Age graves of mighty empires, namely the accurately imperfect human anatomy. 1842 3 23/1 A good thrashing, which is often applied to vegetable beans with effect, may be resorted to in the case of this ordinary human Bean. 1935 2 Mar. 140/3 The only guarantee of the worth of an individual for the breeding of a superior race is..the superiority of its progeny, and this is just as true of the human ‘bean’ as of the vegetable bean about which the statement was originally made. 1982 R. Dahl 28 We is having an interesting babblement about the taste of the human bean. The human bean is not a vegetable. 2015 (Nexis) 3 Sept. 8 A teacher asked her students to use the word ‘beans’ in a sentence. ‘My father grows beans,’ said one girl. ‘My mother cooks beans,’ said a boy. A third student spoke up: ‘We are all human beans.’ 1984 M. Morales et al. Jailhouse Rap (song, perf. ‘Fat Boys’) in L. A. Stanley (1992) 126 On the microphone He rocks and shocks Homeboys and girls it's the Human Beat Box. 1999 D. Haslam 280 A rapper and a human beatbox..going down to London with nothing but their own way of doing things, taking on the world, winning and making a life. 2001 Jan. 79/1 Biz first burst onto the scene with his human beatbox skills on ‘Make The Music With Your Mouth’. the world > people > person > [noun] 1694 M. Tindal iv. 12/1 They [sc. Modes] are the same in Divine, as Posture in human Beings. 1749 H. Fielding III. vii. xiv. 123 He began to reflect that in a few Minutes he might possibly deprive a human Being of Life, or might lose his own. 1790 G. Walker II. xxi. 127 All the engaging, the heart-rejoicing friendlinesses of a human being. 1858 C. Kingsley (1878) II. 54 Wherever human beings are concerned. 1870 H. Macmillan viii. 153 The corporeal frame of every human being..is composed of the same mineral substances. 1914 June 831/1 This volume..covers those parts of botany, zoology and a study of the human being that are most worthy of emphasis. 1951 G. Humphrey 310 While a human being thinks his problem out, an animal acts it out. 2005 T. K. Beal vii. 140 All who have met him describe him as a warm, deeply emotional, and sympathetic human being. the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > biology > branches of biology 1860 23 333 It is not Statistics, but the science to which the Statistical method is applied,—whether that science be Political Economy or Human Biology,—that is answerable for the inferences drawn from what are called ‘Statistical Facts’. 1939 R. Pearl i. 13 In human biology particularly, the role played by heredity has come to take on many of the aspects of religious dogma. 2000 14 Feb. 37/2 NASA began..to consider the limits that human biology might impose on space travel. 1888 26 Aug. I am a human bomb and if you touch me I'll explode an' away you'll go. 1942 A. M. Low 223 There have been occasions when Russian pilots with their machines damaged have dived them straight on to their targets. No real importance attaches to these ‘human bombs’. 2007 29 Mar. 17/2 He has..witnessed a ceremony there for the induction of young ‘human bombs’. 1990 (Nexis) 6 July 3 (headline) Human BSE cases ‘more widespread’ than thought. 1997 (Electronic ed.) 21 Aug. 38 The newly-formed Families Association comprising relatives of victims launched a campaign to rename the new variant strain of CJD, which is generally linked to infected beef, as Human BSE. 2000 (Electronic ed.) 30 Oct. We took the decision to enhance the care package for the victims of variant CJD—the human BSE—and to put compensation arrangements in place as well. 2007 24 June 2073/1 Therefore, a human BSE epidemic may be multiphasic. 1880 23 Apr. Royal, who is styled in the show language the human cannon ball, had been shot from the mouth of the howitzer. 1929 12 May 2/5 One of the features of the 1929 program will be Cliff Aeros, the human cannonball, who will be shot a distance of 20 feet from a cannon. 2003 ‘Z. Corder’ (2004) xi. 143 Flying through the air on the trapeze; Topmounter in the Lucidi family's human pyramid, or human cannonball even, in a little velvet suit. society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > in relation to employer or capitalist > collectively 1799 W. Tooke II. 156 In order to simplify in numbers the loss sustained by the country in its human-capital through the means of this pernicious liquor. 1880 18 Sept. 10 The active rich..must regard themselves as discharging a true public function—that of conservators and administrators of human capital. 1958 66 292 Highly specialized occupations whose practice presupposes a great deal of investment in human capital. 2005 D. McWilliams vii. 89 The Republic remained tolerant and open to minorities, attracting talent that was fleeing prejudice elsewhere and thus reinforcing Dubrovnik's competitive advantage in human capital. 1748 T. Nugent tr. J. J. Burlamaqui ii. i. 129 We must therefore look out for an efficient, primitive, and original cause of mankind, beyond the human chain [Fr. la chaîne des hommes], be it supposed ever so long. 1908 Jan. 15/2 50 men formed a human chain and pulled him out. 1926 B. A. McKelvie iii. 40 Every male in the village was a link in the human chain. 1993 R. Lowe & W. Shaw 112 They'd reasoned, argued, fought, formed human chains, staged massed sit-ins, lain down in front of bulldozers. 1939 20 Oct. 376/2 (note) Human chorionic gonadotrophin is only inactivated very slowly [by nitrous acid]. 1976 25 Dec. 3/3 Human chorionic gonadotrophin..is present during pregnancy. 1991 16 Mar. 649 Mostly the diagnosis of pregnancy is confirmed by tests checking for the high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin that occur in every pregnancy. 1995 June 26/1 Sometimes the pregnancy hormone HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) or stronger fertility drugs may be given. the world > people > [noun] > quality or state of being human ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau iii. sig. Ljv Let vs..learne by the great miseries and afflictions, that God hath sent vs, the great fragilitie and miserie of oure humaine condition [Fr. notre condition humaine]. 1684 J. Wilson iii. 53 O the uncertainty of human condition! 1752 H. Fielding I. iii. iv. 126 In this dreadful Situation we were taught that no human Condition should inspire Men with absolute Dispair. 1783 J. Andrews 11 The imperfections inseparable from the human condition are forgotten in the unlimited expectations which are formed from every man who undertakes the management of public affairs. 1814 22 199 The means of bettering the human condition. 1925 30 452 Cataclysmic destruction of the capitalistic system would not only not better the human condition..but it would be a fiercer chaos than existed in primitive times. 2005 11 Nov. 19/5 Kierkegaard has had a massive impact as an analyst of the human condition (and not least of its shadow side). a1725 J. Johnson (1728) I. iii. ii. 483 Certainly, the holy Spirit needs no human Documents, or Assistance. 1853 G. W. Hervey x. 183 A world of mere human documents. 2006 (Nexis) 22 July 43 What she has produced is a human document; sensitive, compassionate and superbly written. 1907 E. H. Richards p. v Human ecology is the study of the surroundings of human beings in the effects they produce on the lives of men. 1933 H. G. Wells i. §12. 111 Of human ecology he betrays no knowledge. 1957 XVIII. 29 b/1 Other aspects of general ecology are animal ecology, human ecology and bio~ecology, which is defined provisionally as the ecology of plant and animal interrelations. 1965 28 Jan. 208/3 The tag for the necessary science is ‘human ecology’—the comprehensive investigation of the effects of our environment on our well-being. 1995 Sept. 492/2 Human ecology, as a focus in anthropology, has experienced such wide swings in popularity. I welcome its return. This newer approach to human ecology is called ‘historical ecology’ or ‘landscape history’. society > occupation and work > worker > people who study work or technology > [noun] 1916 65 96 When a human engineer is constantly at work building up an efficient working force, he must use the best care and discrimination in choosing the units which are to comprise it. 1957 H. H. Goode & R. E. Machol xxx. 500 Selection and training of operators..come within the province of the human engineer. 1997 177 Associated with each human engineer in an integrated product team is a user assistant agent that can interact with that engineer. society > occupation and work > study of work > [noun] > of interaction of man and work environment 1911 26 Oct. 2/2 ‘Human engineering’ is the term Miss Boswell uses to express the method of obtaining the best human efficiency. 1925 Oct. p. lvi (advt.) Suggesting a new science—‘Human Engineering’. A study of Man from the viewpoint of a Management Engineer whose work for years has been the management of men in industry. 1957 H. H. Goode & R. E. Machol xxx. 481 The primary object of attention in human engineering is the man-machine link. 1989 R. Ornstein & P. Ehrlich ii. iv. 80 Old minds are poor monitors of the routine. In an airplane, depending on them to do so frequently leads to disaster—‘human engineering’ has a long way to go in the cockpit. 1877 3 Sept. 6/1 The Duc de Broglie is a most accomplished and able man..but his plans miscarry because he cannot allow for what, I believe, it is now the fashion in England to call the ‘human equation’. 1888 2 Nov. The human equation is a separate consideration. 1938 Apr. 77/2 The Oakland Bridge suffers from such a simple, unpredictable human equation as the preference of truck drivers to loaf on a ferry. 1964 F. Bowers iii. ii. 71 We must throw out the human equation as much as we can in our search to find an explanation for seeming aberrancies. 2007 (Nexis) 26 Aug. Over the years, the agency has been highly praised for its success in bringing about the mental changes necessary to overcome addictions. Soon, the physical side of the human equation will get equal attention. 1567 T. Harding Ep. c iiv Say ye, that this is not a false parte plaid by you, but humaine errour? 1718 M. Earbery II. 88 Which is then only pure..without the mixture of humane Errors. 1872 J. Hinton Introd. p. xxi The history of human error is a history of..taking it for granted that things are as they appear. 1914 13 July 9/3 It offers an adequate and intelligible explanation of the disaster, and attributes it to a human error. 2001 (National ed.) 6 Dec. b2/3 Only a handful [of bombs] have missed their mark, mainly because of human error. 1968 O. Cernik in 22 Sept. a17/5 We took a bold road in January. We wanted to build socialism with a human face, as envisaged by the teaching of Marxism-Lenism [sic]. 1968 15 Nov. 6 The ensuing debate..will help to determine how much of Mr. Dubcek's ‘socialism with a human face’ will survive. 1977 (Nexis) 5 Mar. 74 A new agro-industrial culture based upon ‘intermediate technology’. This he defined simply as ‘technology with a human face’. 1978 (Nexis) 21 Apr. The object of the commercial was to depict the human face of Bell Canada. 1986 5 38 ‘Capitalism with siza and ubuntu’, two Zulu words which can be translated as ‘capitalism with a human face’. 2002 Spring 24/1 Cantet provides a human face to abstractions such as downsizing and globalization. society > occupation and work > worker > people who study work or technology > [noun] 1959 28 June 26/6 (advt.) Human factors engineer. 1969 56/2 A group of engineers called human-factors engineers has had as much to do as anybody else with making the astronauts seem like black boxes. 1991 Sept. 89/1 Hewlett-Packard employs human-factors engineers who work in widely scattered locations around the world. society > occupation and work > study of work > [noun] > of interaction of man and work environment 1958 10 June 1/8 The paper was prepared by Dr. Donald W. Conover and Dr. Eugenia Kemp of the human factors engineering group at Convair's San Diego division of General Dynamics Corp. 1996 S. G. Charlton & T. G. O'Brien ii. 14 Each of the accidents described earlier were preventable and predictable from the standpoint of human factors engineering. 2008 38 27 The author presents human factors engineering and reliability science as important knowledge to enhance existing operational and clinical process design methods in healthcare. 1885 15 Feb. 3 Aimee, the Human Fly, who appeared at the New Central Theater in Philadelphia last week, is a fine athlete. 1960 25 Dec. 7/6 The climber..is likely to be agile and athletic, but there is generally no need for him to be what the Press calls a cat burglar or human fly. 1993 I. Maitland (BNC) 337 I was forced to climb the choirscreen with its curtained box seats, up over the castellated organ loft, like some human fly. 1839 J. Simpson in iv. 398 Men as divided into races and located in different parts of the earth present the science of Human Geography, or the Natural History of Man. 1895 6 375 The facts of human geography, like those of all other geography, are the resultant for the moment of the conflict of two elements, the dynamic and the genetic. 1936 Feb. 56/2 This map is a valuable contribution to human geography. 1959 6 Aug. 219/3 Endless information about the human geography of England at the end of the eleventh century. 1992 June 12/1 Physical and human geography and, of course, geology—are all disciplines which benefit from that bird's eye ‘synoptic’ view from above. 1954 30 Jan. 7/2 Results of experiments with a human growth hormone which gives promise of aid to dwarfs and old people, were reported here today. 1968 28 Mar. 689/1 The excess of human growth hormone (HGH) in acromegalic patients can be effectively reduced by means of radiation with the Bragg peak of the proton beam. 1992 (BBC Sports) 79/3 Now the illegal diet..can include testosterone, human growth hormone or somatotrophin, diuretics, amphetamines, [etc.]. 2005 (Midwest ed.) 19 June i. 18/2 Many scientists have targeted the anti-aging group for spreading what they say are unfounded claims that products such as human growth hormone can ‘de-age’ patients. 1986 A. S. Evans & P. S. Brachman in 39 1109 Perhaps the most critical one is AIDS because evidence of infection by the causative agent, human T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (HTLV-III/LAV), is expanding beyond the initial high-risk groups. [Note] Proposed name: Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HiV). 1995 L. Garrett (new ed.) Introd. 6 I..had to concede that there was an impressive list of recently emergent viruses: the human immunodeficiency virus that caused AIDS, HTLV Types I and II which were linked to blood cancers, [etc.]. 2005 170 391/1 In an alternative model in mammals, virus-induced apoptosis is responsible for the pathogenesis caused by viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses, and others. 1779 S. Johnson Milton in II. 201 In reading Paradise Lost we read a book of universal knowledge. But original deficience cannot be supplied. The want of human interest is always felt. 1824Human interest [see sense A. 4]. 1860 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in 28 Jan. 321/1 Figuratively speaking, I travel for the great house of Human Interest Brothers. 1912 21 Sept. 21/3 Fu, not understanding the American newspaper idea of ‘human interest’, elected to think I had written a eulogy of him deliberately. 1941 34 64/2 Day after day we motored up and down the so-called ‘front’ line..seeking incidents or ‘human interest’ material that might maintain public interest at home. 2003 Feb. 202/1 In ‘North Sea’..human interest was provided by telling the story of the romance of the young deckie on the trawler and the girlfriend he left behind. 1943 Nov. 93/1 To a premature or an ill baby, it [sc. mother's milk] often means the difference between life and death; so a number of hospitals have established human milk banks. 2019 (Nexis) 19 Nov. A human milk bank or breast milk bank is a service which collects, screens, processes, and dispenses by prescription human milk donated by nursing mothers who are not biologically related to the recipient infant. 1952 D. T. Smith et al. (ed. 10) lix. 766 (caption) Human papilloma virus. 1963 21 258/2 Human papilloma virus was obtained from the plantar warts excised from patients under general anaesthetic. 1982 274 101 Warts of plantar localization are not caused by the same human papillomavirus (HPV) since they are found to be associated with both HPV type 1 (HPV-1) and HPV type 2 (HPV-2). 2000 May 32/2 I wanted to hear from lesbians who had viral STDs such as HIV, HPV (human papilloma virus, which has been linked to cervical cancer), herpes and hepatitis. 2006 Nov. 150/3 The vaccine, called Gardasil, guards against cancer and genital warts caused by the human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted disease. 1831 6 78 We have not yet found the certain traces of any great diluvian catastrophe which we can affirm to be within the human period. 1882 A. Geikie 901 The long succession of Pleistocene ages shaded without abrupt change of any kind into what is termed the Human or Recent Period. 1916 F. E. Clements xii. 193 Paleo-ecology develops its most fascinating aspect when it reaches the Human period. 1997 24 765/1 If Anjohibe was a remote hinterland then, as it is even today, it would not be surprising that extinct fauna survived here well into the human period. 1837 3 158/2 Philosophy..had dared to form exalted and wonderful speculations in the vast field of human psychology. 1867 5 p. xliii On leaving England he presented the Society with the whole of his library relating to human psychology. 1924 R. M. Ogden tr. K. Koffka 16 To bridge the gap between human and animal-psychology. 1961 ‘C. E. Maine’ vii. 86 Such is human psychology that a living man returning from space attracts less attention than a dead man not returning. 1995 Jan. 24/1 Now that human psychology has been chemically sussed out, I suppose we can turn all those obsolete mental institutions into condos. 1798 R. S. I. i. 14 The huge mass of human pyramids..appeared more like a collection of tumblers, than a congregation of Methodists. 1902 18 Nov. 2/4 These clever athletes..built human pyramids and turned somersaults and handsprings. 2006 (Electronic ed.) 6 May 7 While cheerleading.., the 18-year-old fell from the top of a human pyramid. the world > people > [noun] 1623 W. Drummond 9 From Sinne and Hell to saue vs humaine Race, See this great King naill'd to an abiect Tree. 1692 C. Gildon I. xlv. 148 Whatever the cause of our different colour be, I'm sure we're all of human Race. 1756 T. Amory I. xxvi. 132 The human race have a natural ability for good or evil, and are at liberty for the choice of either of these. 1804 12 340 The calamities of the human race. 1872 J. Yeats 37 The position of Egypt between the cradle lands of the human race and the African continent. 1925 5 Dec. 1019/2 The innate and eternal combativity of the human race. 2006 C. Langston xiii. 121 I have absolutely nothing to offer the world, apart from the remote possibility of perpetuating the human race. 1962 W. Buchholz v. 58 A computer that is to find application in the processing of large files of information..must be adept at handling data in human-readable form. 2007 (Nexis) 29 Oct. Since the invention of computers, we've been trying to convert human-readable stuff to computer-readable stuff. 1743 J. Ellis iv. 374 That most sacred of human Relations, Marriage, on which so many others depend, is dissolvable by the criminal Conduct of either Party. 1838 H. Martineau I. 106 The orator of the day for one, might learn new and useful lessons on morals and politics, on the first principles of human relations. 1866 J. R. Seeley (ed. 8) iv. 36 Human relations gained a solidity and permanence which they had never before seemed to have. 1926 B. Webb i. 52 A poisonous cynicism about human relations. 1967 J. M. Argyle x. 199 Follow-up studies show that lectures on human relations lead to improved scores on questionnaires. 2002 A. Feenberg (rev. ed.) v. 116 How often have we heard..that technical systems intrude on human relations, depersonalizing social life and neutralizing its normative implications? 1629 W. Crosse tr. Sallust Warre of Iugurth ix, in tr. Sallust 315 Those former times delight you more then these, in which..all diuine and human rights [L. divina et humana omnia] were in the power of some fewe. 1690 N. Tate 14 Where Rome bears sway, bid Laws Divine farewell, And Human Rights t'assert, is to Rebel. 1758 6 Of human rights ammerc'd, and human aid. 1791 T. Paine 110 The representatives of the people of France..considering that ignorance, neglect, or contempt of human rights, are the sole causes of public misfortunes..have resolved to set forth..these natural, imprescriptible, and unalienable rights. 1837 H. Martineau III. 238 There is in this respect a dreadful infringement on human rights. 1866 C. W. Hoskyns 133 Every human right, however absolute and accredited, has its corresponding debtor-page of duty and obligation. 1877 18 Jan. 2/2 ‘What does that little rat know about human rights?’ Pack said. 1945 Art. 1 par. 3 To achieve international cooperation..in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights. 2007 Sept. 6/2 The Cyrus cylinder (c535BC), which the museum likes to describe as the world's first charter of human rights. society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] > one who or that which undergoes the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > ritual killing 1569 T. Underdowne tr. Heliodorus x. f. 134 Hidaspes perceiued that they called for Humaine Sacrifices, which are woonte to be offered of those that are taken in straunge warres. 1667 J. Milton i. 392 Moloch, horrid King besmear'd with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents tears. View more context for this quotation 1759 R. Spearman iv. 412 Dealt with him in the same manner as they were want to do with their expiatory or purificatory human sacrifices. 1863 D. Wilson (ed. 2) I. i. iii. 76 The system of human sacrifices was not unknown among early Roman sepulchral rites. 1964 G. Turville-Petre xiii. 254 A peculiarly revolting form of human sacrifice was that of cutting the ‘blood-eagle’ (blóðǫrn rista). The ribs were cut from the back and the lungs drawn out. 2003 Apr. 45/1 The Thuggees were a bloodthirsty cult who worshipped the Goddess Kali and sought human sacrifices to offer to their chosen deity. 1778 G. Colman Capuchin Prol., in S. Foote III. 108 As honest Crispin understands his trade, On the true human scale his lasts are made. 1848 23 Sept. 1/1 A life which is irreproachable on a human scale of appreciation. 1949 106 307 An ‘egg-crate’ ceiling of steel sheeting to preserve a human scale. 1951 K. Reid 250 Simple, intimate, ‘human scale’ design..is the rule. 1992 21 Nov. 38/1 The physics of elementary particles or the evolution of the Universe as a whole, which are most divorced from the human scale. 2005 (Nexis) Mar. 6/3 The design of family tombs..with single or double doors at human scale. the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] 1833 E. B. Pusey Remarks Prospective & Past Benefits Cathedral Instit. in C. Thirlwall 14 Whatever schooling of the affections, or expansion of the whole mind and spirit, may be required for the right cultivation of the human sciences, must be much more necessary, when the things hereafter to be handled are the things of God. 1846 8 June 4/3 If Adam Smith is a prophet, if political economy is the first of human sciences, and its doctrines above all contradiction, then Sir James is undoubtedly a very enlightened man. 1893 2 355 And the divorce between human sciences—history, economy, politics, morals—and natural sciences has been accomplished entirely by ourselves, especially during our century. 1943 Lasswell & McDougal in 52 214 The great contribution of modern specialists on the human sciences is less in the realm of general theory than in the perfecting of method by which ancient speculations can be confirmed, modified or rejected. 2001 C. Freeland vi. 174 Art theorists draw on philosophy, and also on the human sciences, such as anthropology, sociology, and psychology, especially perceptual psychology. society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > social service or work 1708 tr. Tertullian Apol. in 138 What need could Divinity stand in of Human Services? 1858 H. C. Carey I. xvii. 422 The cheapening of raw materials..lessens the demand for human service. 1935 35 22/1 Those engaged in the human services which guard the family,..assist the indigent, [etc.]. 2001 21 Dec. 2457/1 The Department of Health and Human Services announced that Karen..‘engaged in scientific misconduct’. society > armed hostility > military operations > [noun] > deterrent the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > afforded by a specific person or thing 1885 23 Aug. 4/5 When Riley loosened the grasp of his herculean arm from the neck of his human shield, the tenth victim of the terrible encounter dropped lifeless to the boards. 1914 8 Sept. 11/2 I cannot help but feel that, following the system they have inaugurated in this campaign, the Germans will use these non-combatant prisoners as human shields when they are facing the Allies. 1941 F. F. Van de Water ix. 160 For several minutes a lively and impromptu dance went on, the Indian leaping about and poking with his musket's muzzle to get a clear shot; Allen whirling the loudly objecting officer around to keep this human shield between him and his would-be murderer. 2001 C. Coker iv. 80 One particularly vivid example was the use of human shields in Kosovo to deter the allied air forces from targeting Serbian armoured units. 1623 J. Webster ii. iii. sig. E2 Mars being in a human signe, joyn'd to the taile of the Dragon, in the eight house, doth threaten a violent death. 1679 J. Moxon 67 Ptolomy [says]..Whoever has neither the Lords of his Geniture, nor the Ascendent, in Humane Signs, will himself be a stranger to Humanity, or of churlish savage behaviour. 1726 S. Penseyre 204 A Conjunction of Mars and Saturn in the sixth or eighth House, especially in a human Sign, signifies a great Pestilence. 1819 J. Wilson (at cited word) The lord of an eclipse being in any human sign, its evil effects will fall on mankind. 2002 N. Drury 149/1 Human Signs, in astrology, those signs of the zodiac whose motifs have a human form: Gemini, Virgo, and Aquarius (Sagittarius is sometimes included). the world > people > [noun] > quality or state of being human 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native iii. iii, in June 498 He had reached the stage in a young man's life when the grimness of the general human situation first becomes clear. 1902 8 216 It [sc. the term association] calls attention to one of the constant and universal facts of the human situation. 1961 J. B. Wilson ii. 46 The tragedy of the human situation (itself a Freudian phrase). 1994 14 224 It strikes me as decidedly Christian..to assume that the most exciting problem of theology is divinity... Personally, I find the human situation much more exciting and interesting. the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > branches or types of history society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > story with specific subject 1753 T. Blackwell iv. 371 This bloody Barter is perhaps the most horrid Transaction upon Record in the human Story. 1776 J. Moir 15 Every one acquainted with human story must know, that the annals of the whole world afford not a single example of an opulent, extensive, and commercial state..realizing your principles of government. 1833 W. G. Simms 90 From the crowd remote, he conn'd the page, Nightly, of human story. 1998 E. Davis (1999) x. 299 This ‘knowledge space’ signifies nothing less than a new chapter of the human story, following on the heels of a number of anthropological spaces that humans have explored over the millennia. the world > people > person > [noun] 1712 P. Blair in (Royal Soc.) 27 108 The length of the Sinus, called in Human Subjects the Glenoid Cavity. 1846 W. B. Carpenter xii. 501 The phenomena presented by the Human subject. 1949 H. W. C. Vines (ed. 17) x. 211 There are three main types of plague in the human subject. 2003 J. Haldane viii. 210 The universal application of a reductionist view to all aspects of human experience and to the human subject itself. 1941 25 Sept. 3/3 It was stated that the vessels carrying out this daring feat were ‘human torpedoes’ popularly known as ‘grasshoppers’. 1944 12 Apr.–26 Sept. 21/2 A new and devastating weapon called the ‘human torpedo’. It can be likened to a miniature submarine. 1953 151 Damaged in Northern waters in 1944 and repaired and reconstructed as ‘Kaitan’ (Human Torpedo) carrier. 1994 20 July i. 5/8 Robert Hobson, whose father was a charioteer, as the crewmen of the Royal Navy's human torpedoes were called. 1792 2 Jan. While human traffickers repine, Lest freedom should on slavery win; Lest Afric's sons should with a vengeance, Prove their right to independence. 1845 (Young Men's Liberty Assoc.) 13 The Constitution must be rescued from the barbarous perversion of human traffickers and their apologists. 1896 7 Feb. 187/3 Only that we might find their boats useful for future work in the destruction of the human traffickers, I would steer our own down upon her, and sink her. 1974 30 July 2/8 The arrest and imprisonment of West Germans said to have been caught as ‘human traffickers’. 1988 6 Feb. 26/3 A large number of children are also taken abroad every year by unscrupulous human traffickers. 2013 (Nexis) 19 May 5 At times I thought he would kill me, or sell me to human traffickers or worse. 1904 18 Dec. v. 4/3 Human trafficking. Deception of immigrants should stop. 1954 25 Feb. 25/3 There is little hope of putting an end to this detestable human trafficking. 2010 A. Fassa et al. vii. 88 A Special Rapporteur visited Mexico at the invitation of the government to investigate human trafficking. 1881 3 Dec. 1/4 I think I could find every type in Smokeville, and therefore I look upon it as a prodigious human Zoo. 1889 269 Don't put him in a human ‘zoo’, to be gazed at by hungry people who come along to look at him. 1925 Nov.–Dec. 126 The Chinatown, in some cities at least, is looked upon as a commercial asset—a sort of human zoo—which becomes a point of attraction for tourists. 1969 D. Morris 8 The zoo animal in a cage exhibits all these abnormalities that we know so well from our human companions. Clearly, then, the city is not a concrete jungle, it is a human zoo. 1978 A. Moore i. 9 Several Tupinambá had also been brought in full regalia and feathered headdress to the court of Catherine de Medici in Paris, where they were put on view in a human zoo. 2005 A. Biressi & H. Nunn i. 15 Critics of reality TV have described these conditions as that of a ‘human zoo’ or a container under pressure which forces inmates ‘inwards’, making them deal with one another continually and under highly constrained conditions. 2014 A. Pernsteiner tr. P. Blanchard et al. ii. 85 Representatives from sub-Saharan Africa were present... However, the exhibition had not yet become a ‘human zoo’, as would be the case ten years later at the Universal Exposition of 1878. C2. Compounds of the noun. 1817 D. P. Blaine 30 Whenever such a necessity occurs, although it is not a dangerous operation, it requires the assistance of a veterinary, or a human surgeon. 1847 W. Youatt 86 Mr. Heaton, a human surgeon. 1923 R. Macaulay iv. 325 A vet, Billy! Darling boy, why a vet? Why not a human doctor, if you must be something of that sort? 1932 May 446/2 The average human doctor..regards the veterinarian as an inferior sort of animal somewhat lower than a dentist. 2007 (Nexis) 20 Dec. aa16 The good news is that more veterinarians are beginning to recognize, just as more human doctors are, the connection between diet and a variety of chronic health problems. 1864 (Illustr. ed.) 9 Examples of flint, flaked and chipped from natural causes, and approaching the appearance of human worked flints. 1920 20 Oct. 9 (advt.) The traditional human-powered washboard. 1921 L. Molnar 57 That is because you are more scientific than human-centered in your proof requirements. 1929 D. H. Lawrence 73 Communion with the Godhead, they used to say in the past. But even that is human-tainted now, Tainted with the ego and the personality. 1946 J. W. Campbell in Nov. 6/1 An attacking fleet of human-manned bombers. 1961 28 Mar. 14/2 A plain old human-powered lawnmower. 1978 Sept. 6/3 There are problems of human-induced extinction. 2005 J. Diamond (2006) 10 The complexity of ecosystems often makes the consequences of some human-caused perturbation virtually impossible to predict. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.?c1450 |
