hurstn.

Brit.

/həːst/, U.S.

/hərst/

Forms: Old English hyrst, Middle English– hurst, (Middle English hurste, Middle English hirste, 1500s hyrst, 1500s– hirst).

Etymology: Old English hyrst < Old Germanic type *hursti-z, whence Old High German, Middle High German hurst, German dialect horst ‘heap, cluster, thicket, top of rock, sandbank’ (Flügel); Middle Low German horst hill, wooded or bushy eminence, small wood, Low German horst, host, a bushy piece of land surrounded with marsh, a wooded eminence, East Frisian hörst, horst, höst, thicket, copse, sandy eminence (probably formerly overgrown with brushwood); Middle Dutch horst (Kilian horscht, horst) thicket of brushwood. In the forms -hurst, -hirst, -herst, a frequent element in place-names, as in Hawkhurst, Chislehurst, Ferniehirst, Amherst. (So -horst in Dutch and Low German.) Icelandic hrjóstr rough place, barren rocky place, Norwegian dialect rust, ryst, little wood, thicket, clump of alders and dwarf birch, wooded tract on a mountain, lateral ridge of a mountain, Faroese rust ridge, show similarity of sense, but are difficult to connect phonologically.

I. Senses relating to physical eminences.

a. An eminence, hillock, knoll, or bank, esp. one of a sandy nature.

ΚΠ

OE Riddle 40 61 Swylce ic eom wraþre þonne wermod sy, þe her on hyrstum heasewe stondeþ.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 300/18 Opon þe hexte hurste of al þe hulle atþe laste he him fond.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 473/378 Huy lokeden heom bi-side and seiȝen an heiȝh hurst Swiþe feor in þe se.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 419 At Nemyn in Norþ Wales A litel ilond þere is, Þat hatte Bardeseie..Men lyueþ so longe in þat hurste, Þat þe eldest deiȝeþ furst.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. vii. 56 Thai hard hillis hirstis for to eir [L. colles, atque horum asperrima pascunt].

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Hirst, a bank or sudden rising of the ground.

1829 W. Scott Waverley (new ed.) II. ix. 81 (note) We are bound to drive the bullocks, All by hollows, hirsts, and hillocks.

b. A sandbank in the sea or a river; a ford made by a bed of sand or shingle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun]

sand-ridgec1000

hurst1398

shelp1430

sand1495

ayre1539

bar1587

knock1587

sandbank1589

middle ground1653

middle1702

overslaugh1755

sandbar1767

sea-bank1828

tow-head1829

wharf1867

whale1905

horse1926

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. i. (Tollem. MS.) It is harde and most perel to falle and smyte on hurstes of grauel [L. arenarum obstaculis] hid in þe see under water.

1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 384 The..Cytie dothe suffer the Thames to geather a great hurst or banck.

1805 State, Fraser of Fraserfield 192 (Jam.) If..there would be a ford or hirst in the water.

1820 J. Cleland Rise & Progress Glasgow 113 To remove the ford at Dambuck and some other prominent hirsts.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) A bed of shingle in the Severn is called a hurst.

a. A grove of trees; a copse; a wood; a wooded eminence. (The last variety of sense, found in modern dialects, may be the primary one.)The Old English quots. are of uncertain sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > planted, cultivated, or valued > coppice or grove

hurst822

grove889

wood bough?c1225

wood lay?c1225

wood lind?c1225

wood rise?c1225

spring1396

firth?a1400

berwec1440

spring?c1475

grovet1504

coppice1538

copsewood1543

sherwood1562

hewt1575

copse1578

grove-crop1582

berrie1591

low wood1591

spinney1597

spinet1604

spring wood1607

roughet1616

oart1690

toft1706

under-grove1731

bosket1737

busket1803

822 Charter in Old Eng. Texts 458 Iu hyrst, sciofingden, snad~hyrst.

858 Old Eng. Texts 438 Stanehtan denn, et illa silva, sand~hyrst nominatur quae pertinet to wassingwellan.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3370 Brawnches so heghe..they heldede to hir heste alle holly at ones, The hegheste of iche a hirste.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 27 Each rising hurst, Where many a goodlie Oake had carefullie been nurst.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 4 b Hurst or hirst signifieth a wood.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Hirst, Hurst, a woody bank.

1827 J. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. II I. 100 (note) Scraggy hirsts of hazel.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 72 In hursts that house the boar.

b. Heraldry. ‘A charge representing a small group of trees, generally borne upon a mount or base’ (Cassell).

ΚΠ

1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 74/1 Hurst, a wood, or thicket of trees.

II. Technical senses. (The connection of these with the preceding is doubtful.)

3. The frame of a pair of millstones.

ΚΠ

1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) Miln-hirst, is the place on which the Cribs or Crubs (as they call them) ly, within which the mil-stone hirsts, or hirsills.

1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Mill The hurst or round frame..containing the lower mill-stone..and the upper one.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 473 Hurst, the frame on which a run of millstones is placed. A husk.

4. The ring of the helve of a trip- or tilt-hammer, which bears the trunnions.

ΚΠ

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 336 The centre..or axis of the hammer, is supported in a cast-iron frame..called the hirst.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Hurst.

Compounds

hurst-beech n. the Hornbeam.

ΚΠ

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Hurstbeech, Carpinus Betulus.

1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Hurst- or Horst- or Horse-beech, the hornbeam.

hurst-frame n. = sense 4.

ΚΠ

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 336 To form a pillar of solid timber; on the top of which the hirst-frame..is placed, and firmly held down by the four bolts, which descend through all the platforms, and have secure fastenings in the solid masonry beneath.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hurst
释义	hurstn. Brit. /həːst/, U.S. /hərst/ Forms: Old English hyrst, Middle English– hurst, (Middle English hurste, Middle English hirste, 1500s hyrst, 1500s– hirst). Etymology: Old English hyrst < Old Germanic type hursti-z, whence Old High German, Middle High German hurst, German dialect horst* ‘heap, cluster, thicket, top of rock, sandbank’ (Flügel); Middle Low German horst hill, wooded or bushy eminence, small wood, Low German horst, host, a bushy piece of land surrounded with marsh, a wooded eminence, East Frisian hörst, horst, höst, thicket, copse, sandy eminence (probably formerly overgrown with brushwood); Middle Dutch horst (Kilian horscht, horst) thicket of brushwood. In the forms -hurst, -hirst, -herst, a frequent element in place-names, as in Hawkhurst, Chislehurst, Ferniehirst, Amherst. (So -horst in Dutch and Low German.) Icelandic hrjóstr rough place, barren rocky place, Norwegian dialect rust, ryst, little wood, thicket, clump of alders and dwarf birch, wooded tract on a mountain, lateral ridge of a mountain, Faroese rust ridge, show similarity of sense, but are difficult to connect phonologically. I. Senses relating to physical eminences. 1. a. An eminence, hillock, knoll, or bank, esp. one of a sandy nature. ΚΠ OE Riddle 40 61 Swylce ic eom wraþre þonne wermod sy, þe her on hyrstum heasewe stondeþ. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 300/18 Opon þe hexte hurste of al þe hulle atþe laste he him fond. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 473/378 Huy lokeden heom bi-side and seiȝen an heiȝh hurst Swiþe feor in þe se. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 419 At Nemyn in Norþ Wales A litel ilond þere is, Þat hatte Bardeseie..Men lyueþ so longe in þat hurste, Þat þe eldest deiȝeþ furst. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. vii. 56 Thai hard hillis hirstis for to eir [L. colles, atque horum asperrima pascunt]. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Hirst, a bank or sudden rising of the ground. 1829 W. Scott Waverley (new ed.) II. ix. 81 (note) We are bound to drive the bullocks, All by hollows, hirsts, and hillocks. b. A sandbank in the sea or a river; a ford made by a bed of sand or shingle. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun] sand-ridgec1000 hurst1398 shelp1430 sand1495 ayre1539 bar1587 knock1587 sandbank1589 middle ground1653 middle1702 overslaugh1755 sandbar1767 sea-bank1828 tow-head1829 wharf1867 whale1905 horse1926 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. i. (Tollem. MS.) It is harde and most perel to falle and smyte on hurstes of grauel [L. arenarum obstaculis] hid in þe see under water. 1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 384 The..Cytie dothe suffer the Thames to geather a great hurst or banck. 1805 State, Fraser of Fraserfield 192 (Jam.) If..there would be a ford or hirst in the water. 1820 J. Cleland Rise & Progress Glasgow 113 To remove the ford at Dambuck and some other prominent hirsts. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) A bed of shingle in the Severn is called a hurst. 2. a. A grove of trees; a copse; a wood; a wooded eminence. (The last variety of sense, found in modern dialects, may be the primary one.)The Old English quots. are of uncertain sense. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > planted, cultivated, or valued > coppice or grove hurst822 grove889 wood bough?c1225 wood lay?c1225 wood lind?c1225 wood rise?c1225 spring1396 firth?a1400 berwec1440 spring?c1475 grovet1504 coppice1538 copsewood1543 sherwood1562 hewt1575 copse1578 grove-crop1582 berrie1591 low wood1591 spinney1597 spinet1604 spring wood1607 roughet1616 oart1690 toft1706 under-grove1731 bosket1737 busket1803 822 Charter in Old Eng. Texts 458 Iu hyrst, sciofingden, snad~hyrst. 858 Old Eng. Texts 438 Stanehtan denn, et illa silva, sand~hyrst nominatur quae pertinet to wassingwellan. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3370 Brawnches so heghe..they heldede to hir heste alle holly at ones, The hegheste of iche a hirste. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 27 Each rising hurst, Where many a goodlie Oake had carefullie been nurst. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 4 b Hurst or hirst signifieth a wood. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Hirst, Hurst, a woody bank. 1827 J. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. II I. 100 (note) Scraggy hirsts of hazel. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 72 In hursts that house the boar. b. Heraldry. ‘A charge representing a small group of trees, generally borne upon a mount or base’ (Cassell). ΚΠ 1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 74/1 Hurst, a wood, or thicket of trees. II. Technical senses. (The connection of these with the preceding is doubtful.) 3. The frame of a pair of millstones. ΚΠ 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) Miln-hirst, is the place on which the Cribs or Crubs (as they call them) ly, within which the mil-stone hirsts, or hirsills. 1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Mill The hurst or round frame..containing the lower mill-stone..and the upper one. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 473 Hurst, the frame on which a run of millstones is placed. A husk. 4. The ring of the helve of a trip- or tilt-hammer, which bears the trunnions. ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 336 The centre..or axis of the hammer, is supported in a cast-iron frame..called the hirst. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Hurst. Compounds hurst-beech n. the Hornbeam. ΚΠ 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Hurstbeech, Carpinus Betulus. 1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Hurst- or Horst- or Horse-beech, the hornbeam. hurst-frame n. = sense 4. ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 336 To form a pillar of solid timber; on the top of which the hirst-frame..is placed, and firmly held down by the four bolts, which descend through all the platforms, and have secure fastenings in the solid masonry beneath. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.822
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