单词 | however |
释义 | howeveradv. 1. Introducing a subordinate clause, sometimes with yet in the principal clause: a. qualifying a verb: In whatever manner, by whatever means. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in whatever way how so?c1275 howsomevera1300 howeverc1380 howa1400 howsoeverc1450 anyway1642 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 330 Hou-euer antecrist glauer, he letteþ not god to do his wille. a1440 Sir Degrev. 864 I shal juste with that duke, Or I gete a rebuke, How ever that hyt be! a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 67 I coniure you..(How ere you come to know it) answer me. View more context for this quotation 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 119. ⁋1 I am still in Doubt, whether it passed in my sleeping or waking Thoughts. However it was, I fancied that my good Genius stood at my Bed's-Head. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 204 Men of Chios, Thurii, or however and whatever you call yourselves. b. qualifying an adjective (or past participle) or adverb: To whatever extent. Hence often used elliptically with an adjective or adverb alone. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > degree or relative amount of a quality, action, etc. > [adverb] > to whatever extent howeverc1475 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 7 A bodily þing of how euer litil price howiþ not to be bout, but wiþ þis wisdam. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxvi. 23 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 102 The most ragefull..thou, how euer furious Shalt eft restraine. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 116 I shall serue you truly, how euer else. View more context for this quotation 1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 230 He wou'd yet endeavour, how~ever our circumstances seem'd desperate, to secure the kingdom of Valencia. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 54 However dark the habitation of the mole to our eyes, yet the animal itself finds the apartment sufficiently lightsome. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 83 His innocence, however manifest, could not save him. 1885 Times 25 May 9 Trawlers will, of course, protest against any interference, however slight. c. However much; notwithstanding that; although. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > although thoughc888 whethera1400 however1591 howsoever1599 howsomevera1616 1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 523 How ever yet they mee despise and spight, I feede on sweet contentment of my thought. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 67 How ere thou art a fiend, A womans shape doth shield thee. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. viii. 55 The Idea of Black is no less positive in his Mind, than that of White, however the cause of that Colour in the external Object, may be only a Privation. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 175. ⁋4 However those who have passed through half the life of man, may now wonder [etc.]. 1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations iii. 57 Humanity, however it craved a God for its deliverer, yet craved just as earnestly a man. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > at all events, at any rate alwayc1405 alwaysa1413 of all hands1548 when all is said and done?1570 after all1590 howevera1616 at all rates1667 at any rate1730 whether or no1784 anyhow1799 anyways1828 anyhows1830 anyway1832 any road1855 anywise1859 whatever1870 any old how1900 anyhoo1924 nohow1926 anyroads1929 a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 34 If hap'ly won, perhaps a haplesse gaine; If lost, why then a grieuous labour won; How euer: but a folly bought with wit. View more context for this quotation a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiii3v/2 A child, that must have died how-ever. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iv. 77 Till we know the whole, or, however, much more of the Case. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. i. 11 At the same time with, or soon however following, the contribution..made in Achaia. 3. Qualifying a sentence or clause as a whole: For all that, nevertheless, notwithstanding; yet; = but at the beginning of the sentence. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > however, nevertheless, notwithstanding though-whetherc897 nathelesseOE though971 whetherOE yetOE neverlOE what for-thyc1175 nethelessa1200 never the latterc1225 algatec1230 in spite of (despite, maugre, etc.) one's teethc1230 nought for thatc1275 (all) for noughtc1325 (in) spite of one's nosec1325 alway1340 thoughless1340 ne'er the later (also latter)a1382 ne'er the lessa1382 neverlatera1382 neverthelessa1382 ne for-thia1400 neverlessa1400 not-againstandinga1400 nauthelessc1400 nouthelessc1400 algatesc1405 noughtwithstanding1422 netherless?a1425 notwithstanding1425 nethertheless1440 not gainstandingc1440 not the lessa1450 alwaysa1470 howbeit1470 never þe quedera1475 nought the lessc1480 what reck?a1513 nonetheless1533 howsomever1562 after all1590 in spite of spite1592 meantime1594 notwithstand1596 withal1596 in the meanwhile1597 meanwhile1597 howsoever1601 in (one's) spite?1615 however1623 in the meantime1631 non obstante1641 at the same time1679 with a non-obstante to1679 stilla1699 the same1782 all the same1803 quand même1825 still and all1829 anyhow1867 anyway1876 still and ona1894 all the samey1897 just the same1901 but1939 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 108 All the Land knowes that: How euer, yet there is no great breach. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 601 I however Must not omit a Fathers timely care. View more context for this quotation 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. x. 92 This curiosity of theirs, however, was attended with very serious effects. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 27 However they did not think such bold changes within their commission. View more context for this quotation 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 415 It has been even said that this church was built by the Germans, which however was not the case. 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 19 Bronze arrows, however, are not very common in Northern Europe. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by any means or at all anyhow1637 however1673 anyhows1875 1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd II. 139 All Laws however are but Probationers of time. 1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 63 I cannot but be much of Mr. Locke's Mind, with respect to Versifying however. 5. Interrogative (and conjunctive): How, in any circumstances or way whatever? (See ever adv. 6c(a)) colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in what way howOE what-wisea1375 howgatea1400 however1871 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adverb] > how in any circumstances however1871 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 240 I shal desire him to consider how ever it was possible.] 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xiii. 179 However is it, such A man can think and know so much? 1899 N.E.D. at However Mod. However do you manage that? 6. Used by itself, or followed by points of suspension, as an interjection, or as a formula concluding, introducing, or modifying an utterance in some contextual way. ΚΠ 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxii. 319 I have not yet written a word... And I told the girls to leave it to me. However! 1901 M. Beerbohm Variety of Things (1928) 217 [I] doubt whether my creative power in caricature can be quite so strong as I had supposed. However… 1936 ‘N. Blake’ Thou Shell of Death viii. 137 Comes of givin' a vote to every hayseed and short-weight grocer in the —— However, hrrumph, where was I? 1964 D. Warner Death of Dreamer i. i. 9 We don't want to know where the stuff comes from but where it goes to. However! 1966 I. Jefferies House-surgeon i. 11 I..said, ‘However. Not to interrupt what you were asking me.’ 1968 M. Woodhouse Rock Baby vii. 66 ‘Our component reliability was very high indeed during trials. However.’ ‘Go on,’ I said. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.c1380 |
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