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单词 id
释义

idn.1

Brit. /ɪd/, /ʌɪd/, U.S. /aɪd/, /ɪd/
Forms: 1600s– id. (with point), 1700s–1800s id (without point).
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: idem n.
Etymology: Shortened < idem n. (as a graphic abbreviation).With the variation in pronunciation, compare the corresponding variation at idem n.
= idem n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [noun] > the same thing or person > the same thing as mentioned before
idemOE
swilkc1175
that (or this) same1362
id?c1663
abovesaid1684
?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 596 He..sealed & sent out some writs thereunto. Id[em].
1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. iv. 83 (margin) Id. ibid. c. 12.
1714 B. Bennet Several Disc. against Popery i. 187 Id Page 680.
1837 Amer. Q. Rev. Mar. 71 Notions for motives, as it would seem (id. p. 203).
1915 J. P. Arthur Hist. Watauga County viii. 88 Id. Vol. VI, pp. 996-7.
1965 J. Stone Human Law & Human Justice ii. 70 And see the criticisms by C. Fried in id. 126.
2006 B. A. Langille in V. A. Leary & D. Warner Social Issues, Globalisation & Internat. Inst. ii. 96 10 Id. p. 36 11 Id.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

idn.2

Brit. /ɪd/, U.S. /ɪd/
Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Id.
Etymology: < German Id ( A. Weismann Amphimixis (1891) i. 39, the source translated in quot. 1892) < id- (in Idioplasma : see idioplasm n. at idio- comb. form ). Compare idant n.Compare Weismann's statement about the etymology of the word:1891 A. Weismann Amphimixis i. 39 Die Ausdrücke: Id und Idant sollen an Nägeli's ‘Idioplasma’ erinnern, dessen Theile sie sind. Es schien mir durchaus nöthig, kurze Ausdrücke an Stelle der schwerfälligen ‘Ahnenplasmen’ und ‘Chromosomen’, oder der oft so wenig zutreffenden ‘Kernstäbchen’, ‘Kernschleifen’ u. s. w. zu setzen [The expressions Id and Idant are intended to recall Nägeli's ‘idioplasm’, from which they are derived. I thought it would be quite necessary to substitute some short expressions for the clumsy ‘ancestral plasms’ and ‘chromatosomes’, or the frequently inappropriate ‘nuclear rods’, ‘nuclear loops’, and similar expressions].
Biology (now historical).
Weismann's term for: a unit of germ-plasm, conceived both as a functional unit of heredity and as a structural component of a chromosome (cf. idant n.).See note at gene n.2 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > gene
unit factor1886
id1892
gene1909
1892 E. B. Poulton et al. tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity (ed. 2) II. iv. 130 ‘Individualities’..are to be found in my ancestral plasms, or as I propose to call them shortly, the ‘Ids’ [Ger. die Ide].
1893 M. Hartog in Contemp. Rev. July 57 Each of the reproductive cells of an organism is supposed to contain in its nucleus a number of ‘ids’, and each id represents the personality of an ancestral member of the species or of an antecedent species.
1959 C. Singer Hist. Biol. (ed. 3) 556 These particulate hereditary elements, or ids as he [sc. Weismann] called them, he came to identify with small parts of the chromosomes.
2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory iii. 215 Weismann identified ids with the disk-like microsomes, recently observed as linearly ordered on chromosomes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

idn.3

Brit. /ɪd/, U.S. /ɪd/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: Latin id.
Etymology: < classical Latin id it (neuter; < the same Indo-European base as it pron.), after German Es (1923 in this sense; 1917 in similar, but apparently broader sense: see note), specific use as noun of es it (neuter pronoun), ultimately cognate with classical Latin id.In Das Ich und das Es (1923 ; the source translated in quot. 19241), the earliest published text in which Freud used German Es in the specific psychoanalytical sense, he acknowledged Georg Groddeck (1866–1934), a German physician, as the inspiration for his use of the term, after its earlier use by Nietzsche to denote the impersonal part of human nature. The word appears in a letter of Freud to Groddeck dated 5 June 1917:1917 S. Freud Briefe 5 June (1960) 316 [To Georg Groddeck] Ich muß Anspruch auf Sie erheben, muß behaupten, daß Sie ein prächtiger Analytiker sind, der das Wesen der Sache unverlierbar erfaßt hat. Wer erkennt, daß Übertragung und Widerstand die Drehpunkte der Behandlung sind, der gehört nun einmal rettungslos zum wilden Heer. Ob er das ‘Ubw’ [sc. Unbewußte, ‘unconscious’] auch ‘Es’ nennt, das macht keinen Unterschied [I have to claim you, I have to assert that you are a splendid analyst who has understood for ever the essential aspects of the matter. The discovery that transference and resistance are the most important aspects of treatment turns a person irretrievably into a member of the wild army. No matter if he calls the unconscious ‘It’]. Groddeck subsequently used the term (in a broader sense than Freud's) in his Das Buch vom Es (1923). See further J. Bos in Internat. Rev. Psycho-Analysis 19 (1992) 433–43.
Psychoanalysis.
The inherited instinctive impulses of the individual, forming part of the unconscious and (in Freudian theory) interacting in the psyche with the ego and the super-ego. Also in extended and figurative use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > instinctive mind
id1924
1924 J. Riviere et al. tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers II. xxi. 250 The essay..describes the various allegiances the ego owes, its mediate position between the outer world and the id, and its struggles to serve all its masters at one and the same time. [Translators' note:] To translate the German ‘es’, which means ‘it’ and thus implies the impersonality of the mind apart from its ego, the Latin ‘id’ has been selected.
1924 J. Riviere et al. tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers II. xxi. 254 Keep in mind this dissection of the mental apparatus that I have proposed, namely, into ego, super-ego and id.
1942 Ess. & Stud. 27 12 Dreams..that fulfil the much darker wishes of the Id.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top xxvi. 208 Roy, a quiet type normally, seemed to become, as Charles said, all Id when he'd had one over the eight.
1961 R. W. Lundin Personality i. 21 The id is entirely unconscious, having no contact with reality except through the ego. One may liken the id to the primitive or animal nature of man.
1981 J. Monaco How to read Film (rev. ed.) iv. 232 The monsters are..creatures of our own ids, reflections of our own elemental fears.
1998 B. Delinsky Coast Road ix. 165 Rachel's bed was firm, and even if the scent of her on the sheets roused the devil of his id, he had always slept well when he was with her.
2003 New Republic 21 Apr. 8/1 But DeLay has put us straight, once again serving as the id of his party, the primordial lizard brain of Republican orthodoxy.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

IDn.4

Brit. /ˌʌɪˈdiː/, U.S. /ˌaɪˈdi/
Forms: 1900s– ID, 1900s– I.D., 1900s– Id (without point).
Origin: Formed within English, as an initialism. Etymon: identification n.
Etymology: Initialism < identification n.
Identification; esp. documentation such as a passport, driving license, etc., which establishes the holder's identity.Recorded earliest in compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun]
ID1937
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc
card1749
papers1796
legitimation1870
dog tag1882
identity papers1889
identity certificate1891
identification tag1893
identity card1900
identification1906
identity disc1907
identification disc1914
disca1918
meat ticket1919
warrant card1920
carte d'identité1923
ID1937
ID card1937
reference book1952
1937 M. P. Walker Sociol. Study of Calif. State Employment Service in Los Angeles County (M.A. thesis, Univ. Southern California) 64 At the time of registration the applicant is given an identification card referred to as an I. D. card bearing his name, address, occupation and I. D. number.
1955 R. J. Schwartz Compl. Dict. Abbrev. 90 Id, identification.
1965 New Statesman 3 Dec. 880/3ID's’..are pretty obscure to English readers as translations..of..papiers (identity documents).
1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 7/1 Once inside I was forced to produce my driver's licence, draft card, student I.D.
1972 J. Ball Five Pieces Jade ii. 21 Tibbs was politely asked for his ID. He produced his police credentials.
2020 USA Today (Nexis) 23 Sept. 4 d I signed a form promising I wouldn't host any parties and showed my ID through the plexiglass barrier.

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier.
ΚΠ
1937 M. P. Walker Sociol. Study of Calif. State Employment Service in Los Angeles County (M.A. thesis, Univ. Southern California) 64 At the time of registration the applicant is given an identification card referred to as an I. D. card bearing his name, address, occupation and I. D. number.
1961 Times 8 Mar. 8/1 I don't know the other men whose names were in the paper with mine. I don't mind having an ID parade as long as it is straight.
1981 Middlebury Campus 18 Sept. 4/1 Most students objected to the new ID requirement.
1999 Daily Tel. 11 Nov. 16/2 She found..Capt Agar–Robartes's sword, field periscope, hipflask, leather writing set, his army ID tags, [etc.].
2019 J. Boakye Black, Listed 53 This ideological hostility created very real, far-reaching and wide-ranging difficulties for immigrants, including..ID checks for banking services and requirements for landlords.
C2.
ID card n. a card carrying the holder's photograph, name, date of birth, and other personal details, serving as official proof of their identity.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc
card1749
papers1796
legitimation1870
dog tag1882
identity papers1889
identity certificate1891
identification tag1893
identity card1900
identification1906
identity disc1907
identification disc1914
disca1918
meat ticket1919
warrant card1920
carte d'identité1923
ID1937
ID card1937
reference book1952
1937 M. P. Walker Sociol. Study of Calif. State Employment Service in Los Angeles County (M.A. thesis, Univ. Southern California) 64 At the time of registration the applicant is given an identification card referred to as an I. D. card bearing his name, address, occupation and I. D. number.
2015 M. Zink Lies I Told i. 6 I brought the plastic ID card—Chandler High School emblazoned across the top—close to my face for a better look.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

IDv.

Brit. /ˌʌɪˈdiː/, U.S. /ˌaɪˈdi/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ID n.4
Etymology: < ID n.4
colloquial.
1. transitive. To establish the identity of (a person or thing).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] > identify or ascertain
conditionate1646
identify1746
ID1944
1944 A. W. Lewis Jrnl. 7 Nov. in W. H. Little Up Sun! (1992) 120 ID'd a Jap airfield under construction at Q35 R36.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard 63 Having Mrs Well down to ID him.
1988 J. Ellroy Big Nowhere xv. 135 She doubted she would be able to ID the silver-haired man if she saw him again.
2013 K. J. Fowler We are all completely beside Ourselves (2014) vi. iv. 281 The airlines had returned my suitcase..after I'd left for the Christmas vacation. Todd was still in the apartment..so he was able to ID it.
2. transitive (frequently in passive). To ask (a person) to show a form of identification, typically to confirm that they are legally entitled to purchase age-restricted items such as alcohol or cigarettes. Cf. card v.2 5.
ΚΠ
1983 Alton (Illinois) Tel. 8 Aug. a 9/3 Throughout the state, citizens can walk into so-called private clubs and order whatever intoxicating drinks they wish and rarely be ID'd or checked for membership.
1996 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 19 Sept. 8 Most people in their late 20s or older are very happy to get ID'd, but people who are 20 or 21 get offended.
2009 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 9 Oct. 12 I'm cursed with not looking old... It's a bit annoying, actually. I get ID'd for cigarettes every other day.
2021 Paisley Daily Express (Nexis) 30 Jan. 8 Bosses have vowed to..give staff further training in areas such as Challenge 25—which encourages bartenders to ID any customer who looks under-25.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : -idsuffix1
also refers to : -idsuffix2
also refers to : -idsuffix3
also refers to : -idsuffix4
also refers to : -idsuffix5

> as lemmas

I.D.
I.D. n. = Infantry Drill Regulations.
ΚΠ
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms p. ix I.D.R..—Infantry Drill Regulations.
extracted from In.1
(N.) I.D.
(N.) I.D. n. = (Naval) Intelligence Department.
ΚΠ
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms p. ix I.D.—Intelligence Department.
extracted from In.1
<
n.1?c1663n.21892n.31924n.41937v.1944
see also
as lemmas
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