hydrolysev.
/ˈhʌɪdrəʊlʌɪz/ Chemistry.
1. transitive. To subject to hydrolysis; to decompose by hydrolysis.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to hydrolysis
hydrolyse1880
1880 H. E. Armstrong Introd. Study Org. Chem. (ed. 2) 190 (note) The substance hydrolysed is the hydrolyte.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 2/1 Grape sugar is formed by hydrolysing cellulose with acids.
1944 L. F. Fieser & M. Fieser Org. Chem. xvi. 404 Proteins are hydrolyzed by acid or alkali and by enzymes, and in the case of the simple, nonconjugated proteins, the products consist of mixtures of amino acids.
1955 Sci. Amer. May 37/1 When a peptide or protein is hydrolyzed—treated chemically so that the elements of water are introduced at the peptide bonds—it breaks down into amino acids.
1968 C. A. Hampel Encycl. Chem. Elem. 567/1 The trivalent praseodymium ion occurs as [Pr(H2O)n]3+ and is only weakly hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions.
1971 Nature 17 Sept. 209/1 Crude starfish extracts were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid.
2. intransitive. To undergo hydrolysis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb (intransitive)] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo hydrolysis
hydrolyse1920
1920 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 43 173 The gum hydrolyzes quantitatively into levulose.
1931 P. A. Levene & L. W. Bass Nucleic Acids vii. 195 Embden and Schmidt..compared the rates of hydrolysis of the three substances and found that the muscle adenylic and inosinic acids hydrolyze at about the same rate, whereas the other adenylic acid hydrolyzes much faster.
1951 C. R. Noller Textbk. Org. Chem. v. 79 Although highly toxic to animals, it hydrolyzes rapidly to harmless phosphoric acid and ethyl alcohol when exposed to moist air.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. viii. 131 Tertiary halides hydrolyse most easily and primary halides are most resistant.
Derivatives
ˈhydrolysed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > having undergone hydration > of or relating to hydrolysis
hydrolytic1875
hydrolysing1900
hydrolysed1912
1912 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 12 297 Osborne and Guest..obtained 59·2 per cent nitrogen in amino form in completely hydrolyzed gliadin.
1935 R. H. A. Plimmer in Harrow & Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. v. 157 Arginine may be directly precipitated from the hydrolyzed solution of the protein.
1973 Daily Tel. 16 Feb. 17/3 In a world of monosodium glutamate and hydrolised protein, her work is a living testimonial of a fine palate.
ˈhydrolysing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > hydrolysis > action of undergoing
hydrolysing1900
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > having undergone hydration > of or relating to hydrolysis
hydrolytic1875
hydrolysing1900
hydrolysed1912
1900 W. H. Perkin & F. S. Kipping Org. Chem. (rev. ed.) x. 188 The rapidity with which hydrolysis takes place depends..on the nature of the ethereal salt and of the hydrolysing agent.
1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 388/2 An alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide is sometimes used for hydrolysing purposes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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