hydrometern.

/hʌɪˈdrɒmɪtə/

Etymology: modern < Greek ὑδρο- water + -meter comb. form². French hydromètre (first recorded 1751) was apparently adopted < English, but has commonly the sense ‘rain-gauge’ (from 1866), the hydrometer being called in French aréomètre , araeometer n.

1. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquids, or sometimes (as in Nicholson's Hydrometer) for finding the specific gravity of either liquids or solids.The common type consists of a graduated stem having a hollow bulb and a weight at its lower end, so as to float with the stem upright in a liquid, the specific gravity of which is indicated by the depth to which the stem is immersed. Special names are given to it as constructed for particular liquids, as alcoholometer, acidimeter, lactometer, etc.Nicholson's Hydrometer consists of a brass cylinder having a small pan supported on a stem above the water and another pan dependent below in the water; the specific gravity of a solid body is calculated from the difference of its weights in air and in water, as determined by weighing it in the upper and lower pans respectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > specific gravity > device to measure specific gravity > of liquids

waterpoise1660

hydrometer1675

citrometer1823

litrameter1826

Twaddell1853

pycnometer1858

specific gravity beads (also bulbs)1863

1675 Boyle in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 Abr. 214 A New Easy Instrument (a Hydrometer).

1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy II. 245 I had neither hydrometer nor thermometer to ascertain the weight and warmth of this water.

1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) Mr. Nicholson has made an improvement by which the hydrometer is adapted to the general purpose of finding the specific gravity both of solids and fluids.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) v. §285 The hydrometer..shows that the water of the North Atlantic is, parallel for parallel, lighter than water in the Southern Ocean.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1154/1 The most familiar hydrometer, to many, is a hen's egg, used by a farmer's wife to test the strength of lye for making soap.

2. An instrument used to determine the velocity or force of a current; a current-gauge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > rate of flow > instrument to regulate or measure rate > specifically water velocity

hydrometer1728

rhysimeter1871

current-gauge1874

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Hydrometer, an Instrument wherewith to measure the Gravity, Density, Velocity, Force, or other Property or Circumstance of Water.

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Hydrometer,..called by various specific names, according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometric pendulum, Woltmann's mill, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hydrometer
释义	hydrometern. /hʌɪˈdrɒmɪtə/ Etymology: modern < Greek ὑδρο- water + -meter comb. form². French hydromètre (first recorded 1751) was apparently adopted < English, but has commonly the sense ‘rain-gauge’ (from 1866), the hydrometer being called in French aréomètre , araeometer n. 1. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquids, or sometimes (as in Nicholson's Hydrometer) for finding the specific gravity of either liquids or solids.The common type consists of a graduated stem having a hollow bulb and a weight at its lower end, so as to float with the stem upright in a liquid, the specific gravity of which is indicated by the depth to which the stem is immersed. Special names are given to it as constructed for particular liquids, as alcoholometer, acidimeter, lactometer, etc.Nicholson's Hydrometer consists of a brass cylinder having a small pan supported on a stem above the water and another pan dependent below in the water; the specific gravity of a solid body is calculated from the difference of its weights in air and in water, as determined by weighing it in the upper and lower pans respectively. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > specific gravity > device to measure specific gravity > of liquids waterpoise1660 hydrometer1675 citrometer1823 litrameter1826 Twaddell1853 pycnometer1858 specific gravity beads (also bulbs)1863 1675 Boyle in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 Abr. 214 A New Easy Instrument (a Hydrometer). 1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy II. 245 I had neither hydrometer nor thermometer to ascertain the weight and warmth of this water. 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) Mr. Nicholson has made an improvement by which the hydrometer is adapted to the general purpose of finding the specific gravity both of solids and fluids. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) v. §285 The hydrometer..shows that the water of the North Atlantic is, parallel for parallel, lighter than water in the Southern Ocean. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1154/1 The most familiar hydrometer, to many, is a hen's egg, used by a farmer's wife to test the strength of lye for making soap. 2. An instrument used to determine the velocity or force of a current; a current-gauge. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > rate of flow > instrument to regulate or measure rate > specifically water velocity hydrometer1728 rhysimeter1871 current-gauge1874 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Hydrometer, an Instrument wherewith to measure the Gravity, Density, Velocity, Force, or other Property or Circumstance of Water. 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Hydrometer,..called by various specific names, according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometric pendulum, Woltmann's mill, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1675
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