单词 | hydroxide |
释义 | hydroxiden. Chemistry. 1. A compound of an element or radical with oxygen and hydrogen, not with water; by some chemists restricted to compounds whose reactions indicate the presence of the group hydroxyl (OH). †Formerly used interchangeably with hydrate n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic radicals > [noun] > radical compounds (general) telluride1832 hydroxide1851 oleic ether1854 organo-mercurial1858 triacetate1860 sulphone1872 sulphoxide1894 tetraalkyllead1923 organophosphate1945 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1327 Hydroxide of iron, from San Claudio. 1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xvii. 175 If only a portion of the hydrogen in water is replaced by metal, the resulting compound is termed a Hydroxide: thus by the action of potassium on water hydrogen is liberated and caustic potash,..(potassium hydroxide), is formed. 1877 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. I. 193 The basic oxides..form in combination with water a class of compounds termed Hydroxides or hydrated oxides. 1890 M. M. P. Muir & H. F. Morley Watts' Dict. Chem. (ed. 2) II. 703/2 Compounds formed by the union of molecules of H2O with other molecules or atoms, without a rearrangement of the atoms of the group H2O, are called hydrates; compounds formed by a reaction of molecules of H2O with other molecules or atoms, such that the group H2O is separated into its constituent atoms, which are rearranged in the new molecule, are called hydroxides. But it is often impossible to tell whether a given compound is an hydrate or an hydroxide. 2. attributive, as hydroxide ion. ΚΠ 1955 Chem. & Engin. News 1 Aug. 3190/3 The name ‘hydroxyl’ has long denoted the group OH. In organic contexts it is undoubtedly correct; but the expression ‘hydroxyl ion’ is very frequently used, although possibly less logical than ‘hydroxide ion’. 1959 Nomencl. Inorg. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) 30 Certain polyatomic anions have names ending in -ide. These are: OH− hydroxide ion [etc.]... The OH− ion should not be called the hydroxyl ion. The name hydroxyl is reserved for the OH group when neutral or positively charged. Derivatives hyˈdroxidated adj. converted into a hydrated oxide. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to oxidation > hydroxidated hydroxidated1851 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1326 Galenas..mixed with pyritic iron and hydroxidated iron. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1851 |
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