hypotonicadj.

/hʌɪpəˈtɒnɪk/

Etymology: < hypo- prefix 1d + tonic adj.

a. Physiology. Of a solution: having a lower osmotic pressure than some particular solution (usually that in a cell, or a bodily fluid). Const. to.

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the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > osmotic pressure

hyperosmotic1892

hypertonic1895

hypotonic1895

isosmotic1895

isotonic1895

hyposmotic1905

iso-osmotic1908

1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 114 The passage of a salt from a hypotonic fluid into the blood-plasma.

1946 Nature 9 Nov. 665/2 The fluid obtained in this way was hypotonic to the cœlomic fluid.

1951 H. Davson Textbk. Gen. Physiol. vii. 163 If the plasma surrounding the cells is steadily diluted (i.e., made hypotonic), the latter increase in volume until they finally burst.

1970 A. F. Brading in E. Bülbring et al. Smooth Muscle vi. 172 Tissues will swell in hypotonic solutions, and shrink in hypertonic ones.

b. Ophthalmology. Of the eye: having a reduced intra-ocular pressure.

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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [adjective] > disorders of intraocular fluid

hypotonic1918

1918 R. H. Elliot Glaucoma ii. 19 The case of a hypotonic eye (with a Schiötz reading corresponding to a tension of 8 to 15 mm. of Hg.) such as may be met with after a trephining or other sclerectomy operation.

1966 S. Lerman Basic Ophthalmol. iv. 246 A hypotonic eye indicates that a leaking wound may be present.

2. Medicine. Exhibiting or characterized by diminished tone or tension (in muscle or muscular tissue).

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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > hypotonia

hypotonic1904

1904 Rev. Neurol. & Psychiatry II. 775 The arms showed the typical muscular rigidity (hypertonus) of paralysis agitans, while the legs were markedly hypotonic.

1908 Practitioner Oct. 560 The lower extremities have been thin, powerless, and extraordinarily hypotonic.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) X. 528/1 When the stretch reflex is absent, the muscle is hypotonic or flaccid; when stretch reflexes are exaggerated..the muscles are hypertonic or spastic.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

单词	hypotonic
释义	hypotonicadj. /hʌɪpəˈtɒnɪk/ Etymology: < hypo- prefix 1d + tonic adj. 1. a. Physiology. Of a solution: having a lower osmotic pressure than some particular solution (usually that in a cell, or a bodily fluid). Const. to. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > osmotic pressure hyperosmotic1892 hypertonic1895 hypotonic1895 isosmotic1895 isotonic1895 hyposmotic1905 iso-osmotic1908 1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 114 The passage of a salt from a hypotonic fluid into the blood-plasma. 1946 Nature 9 Nov. 665/2 The fluid obtained in this way was hypotonic to the cœlomic fluid. 1951 H. Davson Textbk. Gen. Physiol. vii. 163 If the plasma surrounding the cells is steadily diluted (i.e., made hypotonic), the latter increase in volume until they finally burst. 1970 A. F. Brading in E. Bülbring et al. Smooth Muscle vi. 172 Tissues will swell in hypotonic solutions, and shrink in hypertonic ones. b. Ophthalmology. Of the eye: having a reduced intra-ocular pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [adjective] > disorders of intraocular fluid hypotonic1918 1918 R. H. Elliot Glaucoma ii. 19 The case of a hypotonic eye (with a Schiötz reading corresponding to a tension of 8 to 15 mm. of Hg.) such as may be met with after a trephining or other sclerectomy operation. 1966 S. Lerman Basic Ophthalmol. iv. 246 A hypotonic eye indicates that a leaking wound may be present. 2. Medicine. Exhibiting or characterized by diminished tone or tension (in muscle or muscular tissue). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > hypotonia hypotonic1904 1904 Rev. Neurol. & Psychiatry II. 775 The arms showed the typical muscular rigidity (hypertonus) of paralysis agitans, while the legs were markedly hypotonic. 1908 Practitioner Oct. 560 The lower extremities have been thin, powerless, and extraordinarily hypotonic. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) X. 528/1 When the stretch reflex is absent, the muscle is hypotonic or flaccid; when stretch reflexes are exaggerated..the muscles are hypertonic or spastic. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < adj.1895
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