hydroxy-comb. form
Chemistry.
1. An element in names of chemical compounds, signifying the addition or substitution of oxygen and hydrogen or the radical hydroxyl.
ΚΠ
1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. Suppl. VI. 722 Hydroxybenzyluric acid, C16H21NO5..An acid produced by oxidation of hydrobenzyluric acid, when an alkaline solution of the latter is exposed to the air.
1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. Suppl. VI. 722 Hydroxethylene-triethylammonium... The chloride..is obtained by heating hydroxychloride of ethylene with triethylamine.
1887 Athenæum 11 June 770/1 The outer coating of walnuts contains a crystalline substance termed nucin or juglone, which has been found to be a hydroxynaphthaquinone.
2. spec. Used as a prefix in the names of acids of the series having the general formula CnH2nO3 which differ from the corresponding fatty acids (oxy-acids) by containing one more atom of oxygen, or by having one hydroxyl in place of one hydrogen; as hydroxy-formic acid (HO.CO2H), corresponding to formic acid (H.CO2H).
ΚΠ
1888 I. Remsen Introd. Study Compounds of Carbon 169 A hydroxy-succinic acid.
1896 I. Remsen Introd. Study Compounds of Carbon x. 155 Hydroxy-acids..may be regarded either as monobasic acids into which one alcoholic hydroxyl has been introduced, or as monacid alcohols into which one carboxyl has been introduced.
3. Special combinations:
hydroxyamphetamine n. 
/hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmɪn/, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmʌɪn/, /haɪˌdrɑksiæmˈ(p)fɛdəmən/ Pharmacology a sympathomimetic amine that is a hydroxy derivative of amphetamine but lacks its stimulant effect on the central nervous system, and is used (as a solution of the hydrobromide) as a nasal decongestant and a mydriatic; methyl tyramine, HO·C6H4·CH2CH(NH2)CH3.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmiːn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmiːn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmɪn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪamˈfɛtəmʌɪn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiæmˈ(p)fɛdəˌmin/
, /haɪˌdrɑksiæmˈ(p)fɛdəˌmin//haɪˌdrɑksiæmˈ(p)fɛdəmən/ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > drugs having specific effect > [noun] > sympathomimetic > specific
pseudoephedrine1889
phenylpropanolamine1947
hydroxyamphetamine1948
isoprenaline1951
isoproterenol1957
orciprenaline1963
salbutamol1969
ritodrine1971
angel dust1990
1948 Arch. Otolaryngol. XLVIII. 659 The product used..provides..800 units of penicillin per cubic centimeter in a 1 per cent solution of hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide (paredrine hydrobromide).
hydroxybenzoic adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪbɛnˈzəʊɪk/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪbɛnˈzəʊɪk/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksibɛnˈzoʊɪk/
in hydroxybenzoic acid, any of three derivatives, HO·C6H4·COOH, of benzoic acid having a ring-substituted hydroxyl group; spec. the ortho isomer, salicylic acid./haɪˌdrɑksibɛnˈzoʊɪk/ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > phenolic acids, named > derivatives
nitrobenzinic acid1845
nitrobenzoic acid1845
hydroxybenzoic acid1876
pteroylglutamic acid1946
1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 85 (heading) A new hydroxybenzoic acid.
1888 C. L. Bloxam Chem. (ed. 6) 524 Salicylic or hydroxybenzoic acid, C6H4.HO.CO2H, is prepared artificially by combining phenol with soda, and heating the product in carbonic acid gas.
1958 J. Packer & J. Vaughan Mod. Approach Org. Chem. xxiv. 796 The most important hydroxy-benzoic acid is salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid).
hydroxybutyric adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪbjuːˈtɪrɪk/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪbjuːˈtɪrɪk/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksibjuˈtɪrɪk/
in hydroxybutyric acid, any monohydroxy derivative of a butyric acid; spec. the acid CH3CHOHCH2COOH, one of the ‘ketone bodies’./haɪˌdrɑksibjuˈtɪrɪk/ΚΠ
1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 615 (heading) Hydroxybutyric acid, C4H8O3.
1970 W. S. Hoffman Biochem. Clin. Med. (ed. 4) iv. 149 The so-called ketone bodies, namely, acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone..are formed during the oxidation of fatty acids.
hydroxycitronellal n.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪsɪtrəˈnɛləl/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪsɪtrəˈnɛləl/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˌsɪtrəˈnɛləl/
a monohydroxy derivative, C10H20O2, of citronellal, prepared synthetically and used extensively in perfumery to give the odour of lily of the valley./haɪˌdrɑksiˌsɪtrəˈnɛləl/ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > other substances used for
essence of mirbane1857
heliotropin1881
linalool1891
ionone1893
note1905
isolate1923
hydroxycitronellal1929
rush1977
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [noun] > other organic compounds
xanthide1823
idrialin1838
barégin1863
violantin1866
biguanide1881
turmerol1890
tetrazole1892
oxazolone1899
indanthrene1901
silicone1906
platinum blue1908
hydroxycitronellal1929
haloform1931
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane1946
organo-siloxane1946
chlorofluorocarbon1947
permethrin1975
CFC1976
1929 Chem. Abstr. 23 95 Pure rhodinal..was prepd. by vacuum distn. of hydroxycitronellal.
1951 P. Z. Bedoukian Perfumery Synthetics & Isolates 231 Hydroxycitronellal has not been found in nature and is entirely a development of the laboratory.
17-hydroxycorticosteroid n. /sɛvnˌtiːnhʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɪərɔɪd/, /ˌsɛvənˌtinhaɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɪˌrɔɪd/ Biochemistry any corticosteroid that has a hydroxyl group attached at position 17 of the steroid nucleus.
Brit. /sɛvnˌtiːnhʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɛrɔɪd/
, /sɛvnˌtiːnhʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɛrɔɪd//sɛvnˌtiːnhʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɪərɔɪd/U.S. /ˌsɛvənˌtinhaɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɛˌrɔɪd/
, /ˌsɛvənˌtinhaɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɛˌrɔɪd//ˌsɛvənˌtinhaɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɪˌrɔɪd/ΚΠ
1951 Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism 11 1029 Treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone led to an increase in concentration of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.
1968 Brit. Med. Bull. 24 225/2 Simple steroid screening tests such as single determinations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid in plasma or in collections of urine.
hydroxycorticosterone n. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɛrəʊn/, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻˈkɒstərəʊn/, /haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɛˌroʊn/, /haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɪˌroʊn/, /haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊstəˈroʊn/ Biochemistry = hydrocortisone n.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɪərəʊn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɪərəʊn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻkəʊˈstɛrəʊn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪkɔːtᵻˈkɒstərəʊn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəˈkɑstəˌroʊn/
, /haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəˈkɑstəˌroʊn//haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɛˌroʊn//haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊˈstɪˌroʊn//haɪˌdrɑksiˌkɔrdəkoʊstəˈroʊn/ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > hormones and substances with same effect > [noun]
epinephrine1899
pituitrin1909
oxytocin1927
Pitocin1929
Pitressin1929
progestin1930
progesterone1935
methyltestosterone1936
pregnenolone1936
hexœstrol1939
stilboestrol1939
hydroxyprogesterone1941
progestogen1941
Premarin1942
hydroxycorticosterone1943
gestagen1948
hydrocortisone1951
cortisol1953
fluorohydrocortisone1954
isophane1954
prednisolone1955
prednisone1955
norethisterone1956
norethynodrel1957
dexamethasone1958
fludrocortisone1958
norethindrone1960
antidiuretic hormone1961
medroxyprogesterone1962
Pergonal1963
mesterolone1965
norgestrel1966
quinestrol1966
pancuronium1967
pentagastrin1967
levonorgestrel1977
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations allaying inflammation > [noun] > synthetic or biological
hydroxycorticosterone1943
hydrocortisone1951
cortisol1953
prednisolone1955
prednisone1955
triamcinolone1957
mefenamic acid1962
ibuprofen1967
tetracosactrin1967
1943 Reichstein & Shoppee in Vitamins & Hormones 1 356 17-Hydroxycorticosterone... Isolated and described as ‘Substance M’ by Reichstein (55) and by Kendall et al. (54), who called it ‘Compound F’.
1961 Lancet 7 Oct. 796/1 Further reports on the urinary levels of 17-hydroxycorticosterone..of such patients will be awaited with interest.
hydroxylysine n.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈlʌɪsiːn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈlʌɪsiːn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈlaɪˌsin/
an amino-acid, H2N·CH2CHOH(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH, found principally in collagen./haɪˌdrɑksiˈlaɪˌsin/ΚΠ
1925 Chem. Abstr. 19 2347 Hydroxylysine does not occur in casein or ovalbumin.
1969 New Scientist 3 July 11/1 One [family] excreted excessive quantities of hydroxylysine.
hydroxymethyl n. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmɛθʌɪl/, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmɛθ(ᵻ)l/,
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmiːθʌɪl/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmiːθʌɪl//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmɛθʌɪl//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈmɛθ(ᵻ)l/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈmɛθ(ə)l/
the univalent radical —CH2OH, in which a hydroxyl group replaces one of the hydrogen atoms of a methyl group./haɪˌdrɑksiˈmɛθ(ə)l/ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic radicals > [noun] > monovalent radicals
phenyl1849
acetyl1864
tetrahydrofurfuryl1928
ribityl1935
hydroxymethyl1937
tosyl1938
phosphatidyl1941
1937 Chem. Abstr. 31 Index 9888/3 Hydroxy~methyl group, detn. in resol.
1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ix. 218 In 5-hydroxy-methyl~cytosine, a hydroxy-methyl (—CH2OH) group replaces the hydrogen at position 5.
hydroxymethylation n.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθᵻˈleɪʃn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθᵻˈleɪʃn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˌmɛθəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
the introduction of a hydroxymethyl group into a compound./haɪˌdrɑksiˌmɛθəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > methylation > hydroxymethylation
hydroxymethylation1948
1948 H. Wynberg tr. Theilheimer Synthetic Methods Org. Chem. I. 147 (heading) Hydroxymethylation of phenols with formaldehyde.
1968 H. V. Aposhian in H. Fraenkel-Conrat Molecular Basis Virol. v. 504 Shortly after infection with a T-even phage, a new enzyme is produced which catalyzes the hydroxymethylation of dCMP at the 5 carbon atom.
hydroxymethylcytosine n. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθʌɪlˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθ(ᵻ)lˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/,
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmiːθʌɪlˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmiːθʌɪlˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθʌɪlˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪmɛθ(ᵻ)lˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˌmɛθ(ə)lˈsaɪdəˌsin/
a pyrimidine base, C4H4N3O·CH2OH, that is present in place of cytosine in the DNA of certain bacteriophages./haɪˌdrɑksiˌmɛθ(ə)lˈsaɪdəˌsin/ΚΠ
1952 Wyatt & Cohen in Nature 20 Dec. 1072/1 We have now resolved this discrepancy by isolation from T-even bacteriophages of a new pyrimidine base, identified as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.
1968 H. V. Aposhian in H. Fraenkel-Conrat Molecular Basis Virol. v. 499 The unusual base, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, is not found in uninfected E. coli.
hydroxyproline n. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈproʊl(ə)n/ any of the monohydroxy derivatives, C5H9NO3, of proline; esp. 4-hydroxyproline, the lævorotatory form of which is a non-essential amino-acid (strictly, an imino-acid) that is an important constituent of collagen and elastin.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈprəʊliːn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈprəʊliːn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈproʊˌlin/
, /haɪˌdrɑksiˈproʊˌlin//haɪˌdrɑksiˈproʊl(ə)n/ΚΠ
1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 88 i. 545 (heading) Synthesis of hydroxypyrrolidinecarboxylic acids (hydroxyprolines).
1965 A. Meister Biochem. Amino Acids (ed. 2) I. i. 87 3-Hydroxyproline was first obtained from cattle Achilles' tendon collagen.
1967 New Scientist 24 Aug. 375/1 In fish from cold water the precise proportion of the imino-acid hydroxyproline in the important protein collagen..was lower than that in fish from warm water.
hydroxytryptamine n. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈtrɪptəmɪn/, /haɪˌdrɑksiˈtrɪptəmən/ any of the ring-substituted monohydroxy derivatives, C10H16N2O, of tryptamine, esp. serotonin n. (5-hydroxytryptamine).
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈtrɪptəmiːn/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈtrɪptəmiːn//hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈtrɪptəmɪn/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈtrɪptəˌmin/
, /haɪˌdrɑksiˈtrɪptəˌmin//haɪˌdrɑksiˈtrɪptəmən/ΚΠ
1949 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 180 968 Tentatively, then, the constitutional formula of 5-hydroxytryptamine..may be assigned to this vasoconstrictor principle.
1956 Nature 18 Feb. 332/2 The pharmacologically active substance 5-hydroxytryptamine is known to be liberated from platelets during clotting.
1956 Chem. Abstr. 50 5630 (heading) A new synthesis of bufotenine and related hydroxytryptamines.
1956 Chem. Abstr. 50 5631 6-Hydroxytryptamine.
Draft additions March 2013
hydroxybutyrate n.
Brit. /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈbjuːtᵻreɪt/
, /hʌɪˌdrɒksɪˈbjuːtᵻreɪt/U.S. /haɪˌdrɑksiˈbjudəˌreɪt/
a salt or ester of a hydroxybutyric acid.gamma-hydroxybutyrate: see the first element./haɪˌdrɑksiˈbjudəˌreɪt/ΚΠ
1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 522 Boiling points... Ethyl α-hydroxybutyrate = 167°.
1914 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 187 337 When hydrolyzed in acid solution three hydroxy-butyrates were found to have considerably smaller velocities of reaction.
2000 Farmers Weekly 18–24 Feb. 40/2 The levels of two indicators of body weight loss—non-esterified free fatty acids, and beta hydroxybutyrate—were lower in the supplemented group.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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comb. form1872