hyenan.

Brit.

/hʌɪˈiːnə/, U.S.

/haɪˈinə/

Forms: α. Middle English hiene, hyene, hyane, (1600s hyen); β. Middle English–1600s hiena, 1500s– hyaena, hyena, (1600s hyenna).

Etymology: < Latin hyæna, < Greek ὕαινα, apparently a feminine (compare λέαινα), < ὗς, ὑ- pig. The earlier forms were < Old French hiene, hyene (modern French hyène).

1. A carnivorous quadruped of a family Hyænidæ allied to the Dog-tribe, though in the skull approaching the Felidæ or Cat-kind; having powerful jaws, neck, and shoulders, but the hind quarters low and comparatively poorly developed. There are three extant species, the striped hyena ( Hyæna striata), inhabiting northern Africa and much of Asia; the brown hyena ( Hyæna brunnea), and spotted hyena or tiger-wolf ( Hyæna crocuta) natives of southern Africa. Closely allied to the last was the extinct cave hyena ( Hyæna spelæa) the remains of which occur in caverns in many parts of the Old World. The name laughing hyena was originally applied to the striped hyena, but is considered by some to be more appropriate to the spotted hyena.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [noun] > family Hyaenidae (hyena)

hyena1340

α.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 61 Þet is þe felliste best þet me clepeþ hyane, þet ondelfþ þe bodies of dyademen and hise eteþ.

?c1425 (c1390) G. Chaucer Fortune 35 The nedeth nat the galle of no hyene.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 147 I will laugh like a Hyen, and that when thou art inclin'd to sleepe.

β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (W. de W.) xviii. lxi Hiena is a cruell beest lyke to the wulfe in deuouryng and gloteny, and diggeth buryels and graues and etith the flesshe of deed bodyes.1560 Bible (Geneva) Ecclus. xiii. 19 What felowship hathe hyena [margin. Which is a wilde beaste that counterfaiteth the voyce of men, and so entiseth them out of their houses and deuoureth them] with a dogge?1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 488 Hiena is a wilde beast that counterfaiteth the voice of men.1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. sig. C5^v At length Mauortio..Heard of the harme wrought by Hyenn'as spight.1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Hyena, or Hyæna, a Wild Beast, which is said to be Male one Year, and Female another, and to counterfeit Humane Voice.1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 93 And, scorning all the taming Arts of Man, The keen Hyena, fellest of the Fell.1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 194 These two shikkaries told us they had discovered the den of a hyena.1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches iv. 186 The laughing-hyæna heard near the folds last night. The sound truly horrible.1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 421/1 The Striped Hyæna..Its unearthly howling..when the animal is excited, changes into what has been compared to demoniac laughter, and hence the name of ‘laughing hyæna’, by which it is also known.

2. transferred. Applied to a cruel, treacherous, and rapacious person; one that resembles the hyena in some of its repulsive habits.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being

wolfa900

liona1225

wild manc1290

boar1297

fell1340

tiger?a1513

centaur1565

wolver1593

to speak bandog and Bedlam1600

vulture1605

killbuck1612

man-tigera1652

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

vampire1741

Huna1744

panther1868

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 748 Out, out, Hyæna; these are thy wonted arts, And arts of every woman false like thee.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 21 The base hyenas of the battle That feed upon the dead and fly the living.

1888 J. Inglis Tent Life Tigerland 188 Done to death..by the false oaths and lying testimony of a pack of ruthless human hyenas.

a. A name of the Thylacine or Tasmanian Tiger, the most formidable of Australasian animals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Dasyuridae > subfamily Thylacinae (thylacine)

zebra opossum1808

zebra wolf1808

tiger1829

hyena1832

thylacine1838

wolf1891

1813 Hist. New S. Wales (1818) 430 About Port Dalrymple an animal was discovered which bore some resemblance to the hyena both in shape and fierceness.]

1832 Hobart Town Almanack 85 During our stay a native tiger or hyena bounded from its lair beneath the rocks.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 996 The Thylacine or ‘pouched hyæna’ of the Tasmanian colonists is the largest..carnivorous species of that order..(Marsupialia).

b. painted hyena = hyena-dog n. 1.

†4. A fabulous stone said to be taken from the eye of the hyena; also called hyæneum. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > stones associated with animals > [noun] > stone from hyena

hyena1607

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 436 The skilful Lapidarists of Germany affirme that this beast hath a stone in his eies (or rather in his head) called Hyæna or Hyænius.

1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 109 Hyena, is a precious Stone and worthy to be preserved. It is denominated from the Beast of its own Name, in whose Eyes it is found.

1855 E. Smedley et al. Occult Sci. 355 Hyena, a many-coloured stone, taken from the eye of the animal so called.

†5. An ancient name for some ravenous fish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > [noun] > ravenous or predatory

hyena1607

prey fish1899

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 437 The like is attributed to a Sea-calfe, and the fish Hyæna.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as hyena foeman, hyena laughter; also hyena-like adj.

ΚΠ

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV lviii. 32 Even his tomb Uptorn, must bear the hyæna bigot's wrong.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II lxxix. 158 They..Went raging mad..And, with hyæna laughter, died despairing.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 88 Hyena foemen, and hot-blooded lords.

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 57/1 Dogs with hyæna-like feet.

1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 146 After a long hyena-like grin at the receeding object of his aversion.

Derivatives

hyˈenaish adj. like or characteristic of a hyena.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > [adjective] > loud or immoderate laughter

chucking1607

cachinnatory1828

hyenaish1868

hyenesque1885

1868 F. E. Paget Lucretia xxxv. 185 [With a sound] more howling, caterwauling, and hyenaish.

hyeˈnesque adj. = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > [adjective] > loud or immoderate laughter

chucking1607

cachinnatory1828

hyenaish1868

hyenesque1885

1885 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 6/3 Laugh, perhaps is the word, unless you interpret it in a hyaenesque sense.

hyˈenic adj. /-ˈiːnɪk/ = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena

hyenine1884

hyenic1885

hyenoid1945

1885 W. R. Smith Kinship & Marriage in Early Arabia vii. 203 The Arabs..call certain men hyaenic, and believe that there is an irresistible affinity between them and the hyaena.

hyenine adj.

/haɪˈiːnaɪn/ = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena

hyenine1884

hyenic1885

hyenoid1945

1884 Standard Nat. Hist. V. 435 The hyenine habit of walking or crawling upon wrist and ankle-joints when fighting.

hyˈeniform adj. shaped like a hyena, hyena-like.Apparently an isolated use.

hyˈenoid adj. = hyeniform adj.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena

hyenine1884

hyenic1885

hyenoid1945

1945 G. G. Simpson Princ. Classif. Mammals iii. 224/1 The genera here set aside..are large, later Tertiary canids with heavy jaws, rather distantly convergent toward the hyenas, and so sometimes called ‘hyænoid dogs’.

hyˈenaism n. action characteristic of a hyena.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage action > [noun]

savagerya1616

hyenaism1833

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > action

hyenaism1833

1833 Blackwood's Mag. 34 464 A hyaena in the fleecy hosiery of a lamb!.. The devil incarnate of hyaenaism in shape!

1884 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 210 The evils of political hyenaism.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hyena
释义	hyenan. Brit. /hʌɪˈiːnə/, U.S. /haɪˈinə/ Forms: α. Middle English hiene, hyene, hyane, (1600s hyen); β. Middle English–1600s hiena, 1500s– hyaena, hyena, (1600s hyenna). Etymology: < Latin hyæna, < Greek ὕαινα, apparently a feminine (compare λέαινα), < ὗς, ὑ- pig. The earlier forms were < Old French hiene, hyene (modern French hyène). 1. A carnivorous quadruped of a family Hyænidæ allied to the Dog-tribe, though in the skull approaching the Felidæ or Cat-kind; having powerful jaws, neck, and shoulders, but the hind quarters low and comparatively poorly developed. There are three extant species, the striped hyena ( Hyæna striata), inhabiting northern Africa and much of Asia; the brown hyena ( Hyæna brunnea), and spotted hyena or tiger-wolf ( Hyæna crocuta) natives of southern Africa. Closely allied to the last was the extinct cave hyena ( Hyæna spelæa) the remains of which occur in caverns in many parts of the Old World. The name laughing hyena was originally applied to the striped hyena, but is considered by some to be more appropriate to the spotted hyena. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [noun] > family Hyaenidae (hyena) hyena1340 α. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 61 Þet is þe felliste best þet me clepeþ hyane, þet ondelfþ þe bodies of dyademen and hise eteþ. ?c1425 (c1390) G. Chaucer Fortune 35 The nedeth nat the galle of no hyene. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 147 I will laugh like a Hyen, and that when thou art inclin'd to sleepe. View more context for this quotation β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (W. de W.) xviii. lxi Hiena is a cruell beest lyke to the wulfe in deuouryng and gloteny, and diggeth buryels and graues and etith the flesshe of deed bodyes.1560 Bible (Geneva) Ecclus. xiii. 19 What felowship hathe hyena [margin. Which is a wilde beaste that counterfaiteth the voyce of men, and so entiseth them out of their houses and deuoureth them] with a dogge?1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 488 Hiena is a wilde beast that counterfaiteth the voice of men.1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. sig. C5^v At length Mauortio..Heard of the harme wrought by Hyenn'as spight.1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Hyena, or Hyæna, a Wild Beast, which is said to be Male one Year, and Female another, and to counterfeit Humane Voice.1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 93 And, scorning all the taming Arts of Man, The keen Hyena, fellest of the Fell.1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 194 These two shikkaries told us they had discovered the den of a hyena.1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches iv. 186 The laughing-hyæna heard near the folds last night. The sound truly horrible.1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 421/1 The Striped Hyæna..Its unearthly howling..when the animal is excited, changes into what has been compared to demoniac laughter, and hence the name of ‘laughing hyæna’, by which it is also known. 2. transferred. Applied to a cruel, treacherous, and rapacious person; one that resembles the hyena in some of its repulsive habits. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being wolfa900 liona1225 wild manc1290 boar1297 fell1340 tiger?a1513 centaur1565 wolver1593 to speak bandog and Bedlam1600 vulture1605 killbuck1612 man-tigera1652 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 vampire1741 Huna1744 panther1868 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 748 Out, out, Hyæna; these are thy wonted arts, And arts of every woman false like thee. View more context for this quotation 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 21 The base hyenas of the battle That feed upon the dead and fly the living. 1888 J. Inglis Tent Life Tigerland 188 Done to death..by the false oaths and lying testimony of a pack of ruthless human hyenas. 3. a. A name of the Thylacine or Tasmanian Tiger, the most formidable of Australasian animals. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Dasyuridae > subfamily Thylacinae (thylacine) zebra opossum1808 zebra wolf1808 tiger1829 hyena1832 thylacine1838 wolf1891 1813 Hist. New S. Wales (1818) 430 About Port Dalrymple an animal was discovered which bore some resemblance to the hyena both in shape and fierceness.] 1832 Hobart Town Almanack 85 During our stay a native tiger or hyena bounded from its lair beneath the rocks. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 996 The Thylacine or ‘pouched hyæna’ of the Tasmanian colonists is the largest..carnivorous species of that order..(Marsupialia). b. painted hyena = hyena-dog n. 1. †4. A fabulous stone said to be taken from the eye of the hyena; also called hyæneum. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > stones associated with animals > [noun] > stone from hyena hyena1607 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 436 The skilful Lapidarists of Germany affirme that this beast hath a stone in his eies (or rather in his head) called Hyæna or Hyænius. 1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 109 Hyena, is a precious Stone and worthy to be preserved. It is denominated from the Beast of its own Name, in whose Eyes it is found. 1855 E. Smedley et al. Occult Sci. 355 Hyena, a many-coloured stone, taken from the eye of the animal so called. †5. An ancient name for some ravenous fish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [noun] > ravenous or predatory hyena1607 prey fish1899 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 437 The like is attributed to a Sea-calfe, and the fish Hyæna. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as hyena foeman, hyena laughter; also hyena-like adj. ΚΠ 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV lviii. 32 Even his tomb Uptorn, must bear the hyæna bigot's wrong. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II lxxix. 158 They..Went raging mad..And, with hyæna laughter, died despairing. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 88 Hyena foemen, and hot-blooded lords. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 57/1 Dogs with hyæna-like feet. 1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 146 After a long hyena-like grin at the receeding object of his aversion. Derivatives hyˈenaish adj. like or characteristic of a hyena.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > [adjective] > loud or immoderate laughter chucking1607 cachinnatory1828 hyenaish1868 hyenesque1885 1868 F. E. Paget Lucretia xxxv. 185 [With a sound] more howling, caterwauling, and hyenaish. hyeˈnesque adj. = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > [adjective] > loud or immoderate laughter chucking1607 cachinnatory1828 hyenaish1868 hyenesque1885 1885 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 6/3 Laugh, perhaps is the word, unless you interpret it in a hyaenesque sense. hyˈenic adj. /-ˈiːnɪk/ = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena hyenine1884 hyenic1885 hyenoid1945 1885 W. R. Smith Kinship & Marriage in Early Arabia vii. 203 The Arabs..call certain men hyaenic, and believe that there is an irresistible affinity between them and the hyaena. hyenine adj. /haɪˈiːnaɪn/ = hyenaish adj.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena hyenine1884 hyenic1885 hyenoid1945 1884 Standard Nat. Hist. V. 435 The hyenine habit of walking or crawling upon wrist and ankle-joints when fighting. hyˈeniform adj. shaped like a hyena, hyena-like.Apparently an isolated use. hyˈenoid adj. = hyeniform adj.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [adjective] > like or characteristic of a hyena hyenine1884 hyenic1885 hyenoid1945 1945 G. G. Simpson Princ. Classif. Mammals iii. 224/1 The genera here set aside..are large, later Tertiary canids with heavy jaws, rather distantly convergent toward the hyenas, and so sometimes called ‘hyænoid dogs’. hyˈenaism n. action characteristic of a hyena. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage action > [noun] savagerya1616 hyenaism1833 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > action hyenaism1833 1833 Blackwood's Mag. 34 464 A hyaena in the fleecy hosiery of a lamb!.. The devil incarnate of hyaenaism in shape! 1884 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 210 The evils of political hyenaism. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340
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