Hyksosn.

/ˈhɪksəʊs/

Forms: Also 1600s–1700s Hicsos, Hycsos.

Etymology: < Greek Ὑκσώς interpreted by Manetho either as ‘shepherd kings’ or as ‘captive shepherds’, < Egyptian heqa khoswe chief of foreign lands.

With plural agreement. A people of mixed Semitic-Asiatic stock, probably including a proportion of Habiru, who gave their name to the fifteenth Egyptian Dynasty (1650–1558 b.c.) which ruled the eastern delta. Also attributive or as adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun]

AmalekOE

Amalekitea1382

Massagetaea1398

Jebusite1535

Massagetes1561

Hyksos1602

Philistia1857

Hatti1874

Mitanni1909

1602 T. Lodge tr. Josephus Wks. 769 This nation was called Hicsos, which signifieth Kings shepheards,..but in other coppies I find that Hicsos, is not interpreted kings shepheards, but shepheards that were captiues.

1743 W. Stukeley Abury xiii. 78 The shepherds who quitted Egypt, under the conduct of our Hercules, call'd themselves Hycsi, as Manethon informs us in Josephus & Eusebius in chronol. The word imports royal shepherds, valiant, freemen, heroes.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 184 Under the name of Hycsos, the shepherd kings, they had formerly subdued Egypt.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 735/1 The invasion and conquest, at least in part, of Egypt by the Hyksos..is undoubtedly the chief cause of the obscurity of this age.

1899 A. H. Sayce Early Israel Introd. p. xxv A Hyksos Pharaoh and his Hebrew vizier.

1931 J. G. Duncan Digging up Biblical Hist. II. 163 Hyksos pottery.

1931 M. M. Green tr. H. Schneider Hist. World Civilization I. ii. 42 Aahmes took the capital of the Hyksos in the Delta about 1580 b.c.

1955 E. Pound Section: Rock-drill xciii. 83 Where the spirit is clear in the stone as against Filth of the Hyksos, butchers of lesser cattle.

1957 G. E. Wright Biblical Archaeol. iv. 56/2 Shortly before 1700 b.c. a dark age settled over Egypt which was to last some one hundred and fifty years. This was caused by the invasion of Asiatics whom the Egyptians called Hyksos.

1960 K. M. Kenyon Archaeol. in Holy Land vii. 184 At the period at which the Hyksos appear in Palestine and Egypt, we have on the move groups of Hurrians and Habiru, and the most probable explanation of the Hyksos is that they were recruited from such bands.

1971 Encycl. Judaica VIII. 1142 The Hyksos..attempted to Egyptianize and assimilate Egyptian culture. This synthesis is attested by the Hyksos religion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	hyksos
释义	Hyksosn. /ˈhɪksəʊs/ Forms: Also 1600s–1700s Hicsos, Hycsos. Etymology: < Greek Ὑκσώς interpreted by Manetho either as ‘shepherd kings’ or as ‘captive shepherds’, < Egyptian heqa khoswe chief of foreign lands. With plural agreement. A people of mixed Semitic-Asiatic stock, probably including a proportion of Habiru, who gave their name to the fifteenth Egyptian Dynasty (1650–1558 b.c.) which ruled the eastern delta. Also attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun] AmalekOE Amalekitea1382 Massagetaea1398 Jebusite1535 Massagetes1561 Hyksos1602 Philistia1857 Hatti1874 Mitanni1909 1602 T. Lodge tr. Josephus Wks. 769 This nation was called Hicsos, which signifieth Kings shepheards,..but in other coppies I find that Hicsos, is not interpreted kings shepheards, but shepheards that were captiues. 1743 W. Stukeley Abury xiii. 78 The shepherds who quitted Egypt, under the conduct of our Hercules, call'd themselves Hycsi, as Manethon informs us in Josephus & Eusebius in chronol. The word imports royal shepherds, valiant, freemen, heroes. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 184 Under the name of Hycsos, the shepherd kings, they had formerly subdued Egypt. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 735/1 The invasion and conquest, at least in part, of Egypt by the Hyksos..is undoubtedly the chief cause of the obscurity of this age. 1899 A. H. Sayce Early Israel Introd. p. xxv A Hyksos Pharaoh and his Hebrew vizier. 1931 J. G. Duncan Digging up Biblical Hist. II. 163 Hyksos pottery. 1931 M. M. Green tr. H. Schneider Hist. World Civilization I. ii. 42 Aahmes took the capital of the Hyksos in the Delta about 1580 b.c. 1955 E. Pound Section: Rock-drill xciii. 83 Where the spirit is clear in the stone as against Filth of the Hyksos, butchers of lesser cattle. 1957 G. E. Wright Biblical Archaeol. iv. 56/2 Shortly before 1700 b.c. a dark age settled over Egypt which was to last some one hundred and fifty years. This was caused by the invasion of Asiatics whom the Egyptians called Hyksos. 1960 K. M. Kenyon Archaeol. in Holy Land vii. 184 At the period at which the Hyksos appear in Palestine and Egypt, we have on the move groups of Hurrians and Habiru, and the most probable explanation of the Hyksos is that they were recruited from such bands. 1971 Encycl. Judaica VIII. 1142 The Hyksos..attempted to Egyptianize and assimilate Egyptian culture. This synthesis is attested by the Hyksos religion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1602
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