idiomn.

Brit.

/ˈɪdɪəm/, U.S.

/ˈɪdiəm/

Forms:

α. 1500s ideome, 1500s ydiome, 1500s–1600s idiome, 1600s ideom, 1600s– idiom.

β. 1500s–1600s idioma.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French idiome; Latin idiōma.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French idiome distinctive form of speech of a particular people or country, regional variety of a language (1544; 1527 as ydiomat ; 1611 (in Cotgrave) in sense ‘specific character or individuality of a language’), distinctive style or convention in music, art, architecture, writing, etc. (1831 or earlier; the specific theological sense ‘property of Christ as either human or divine’ is not paralleled until later: 1687), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin idiōma (in post-classical Latin also ydeoma, ydioma) special term or phrase used by an individual or group, in post-classical Latin also language (7th cent.), peculiarity, special property (from 12th cent. in British sources), dialect (13th cent. in a British source), spoken form of language (14th cent. in a British source) < Hellenistic Greek ἰδίωμα peculiarity, property, peculiarity of style, form of language peculiar to a particular individual < ancient Greek ἰδιοῦσθαι to make one's own, to appropriate ( < ἴδιος own, private, peculiar: see idio- comb. form) + -μα (see -oma comb. form).Compare Catalan idioma (1696), Spanish idioma language (early 15th cent.), Portuguese idioma (a1710), Italian idioma (a1321), also German Idiom (1576, originally with Latinate ending as idioma ). In β. forms directly < classical Latin idiōma.

I. Senses relating to language.

1. The specific character or individuality of a language; the manner of expression considered natural to or distinctive of a language; a language's distinctive phraseology. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > distinctive character of a language

propriety1550

idiom1573

idiotism1605

idiomacy1813

idiomaticism1825

feeling1875

idiomaticity1887

1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd Breuiary of Britayne sig. ¶ viii Idiome, or proprietie of the British tongue.

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. C5 Oh how the varges from his blacke pen wrung, Would sauce the Idiome of the English tongue.

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 5 A word, which according to the Idiom and propriety of the language wherein he spake, may be translated liues.

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 The ill habit..of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom.

1667 J. Dryden Let. to Sir R. Howard in Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref. The terms of Arts in every Tongue bearing more of the Idiom of it then any other words.

1683 Britanniæ Speculum 39 The Idiom of it, as to the main, appears to be Teutonick.

1702 J. E. Edzard God save Queen 2 Answering as well to the true Idiom of the German Tongue, as the Sense of the Sacred language.

1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. vi. 189 To bring anything to light..is..in the Idiom of the English Tongue, to discover or reveal a thing.

1800 Neighbourhood I. xx. 119 From the French usher he had acquired enough to violate at every word the idiom of his mother tongue, but the gabble of a foreign language imperfectly taught.

1832 Examiner 4 Mar. 149/1 The Westminster prologizer has been led into his error by the spirit and pure idiom of the English translation.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. (1873) viii. iii. 218 In their attempt to maintain idiom.

1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xix. 303 The first part of the reply has to be understood according to the idiom of the Aramaic tongue.

2004 C. Ó Dochartaigh in H. Gaskill Reception of Ossian in Europe viii. 175 It reflects a concept of foreignization, where the reader is deliberately exposed to the idiom of another language.

a. A language, especially a person or people's own language; the distinctive form of speech of a particular people or country.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun]

speechc888

rounOE

ledenc1000

tonguec1000

wordOE

moalc1175

speaka1300

languagec1300

land-speecha1325

talea1325

lip1382

stevenc1386

languea1425

leed1513

public language1521

idiom1575

idiotism1588

lingua1660

lingua franca1697

receptive language1926

1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. U.j So would I wishe you to frame all sentences in their mother phrase and proper Idióma.

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 41 A hawty Latin stile and antique Ideome.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 86 To allow euery word polisillable one long time..which should be where his sharpe accent falls in our owne ydiome most aptly and naturally.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. x. §10 These [verbs] our idiom conjugates onelie in tuo tymes, the tyme present and tym past.

1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 48 The writings of Glauber, which were translated into the English Idiom.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 165. ¶3 The Histories of all our former Wars are transmitted to us in our Vernacular Idiom.

1774 T. Falkner Descr. Patagonia iv. 102 The Tehuelhets, who in Europe are known by the name of Patagons, have been, through ignorance of their idiom, called Tehuelchus: for chu signifies country or abode, and not people; which is expressed by the word het.

1790 tr. J.-B.-B. de Lesseps Trav. Kamtschatka II. 105 The idiom of the Koriacs has no affinity to that of the Kamtschadales.

a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 398/2 According to..[some] authorities, the Cuman tribes first entered Hungary in 1086, were converted to Christianity in 1410, and, adopting the Magyar language, soon lost the recollection of their own idiom.

1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 20 The divine spark which glows in all idioms.

1922 E. J. Harrison Lithuania ii. 32 In 1654 the Old Prussians..renounced their Balto-Lithuanian idiom in favour of German.

1976 M. Münzel in W. A. Veenhoven et al. Case Stud. Human Rights & Fund. Freedoms IV. 400 Mr. Stolz and the other North Americans with him were not able..to speak with the ‘wild’ Aché in their own idiom, although the ‘tame’ Aché from the Reservation were.

1990 D. Ackerman Nat. Hist. Senses iv. 215 On the island of Gomera in the Canaries, descendants of an aboriginal people called the Guanches,..use an ancient whistling language..from as far away as nine miles, they hear one another and converse as their ancestors did. Silbo Gomero the idiom is called.

b. In narrower sense: a dialect or variety of a language; a form of a language limited to or distinctive of a particular area, category of people, period of time, or context.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun]

dialect1566

idiom1593

subdialect1642

sublanguage1749

talka1788

vernacular1925

sublanguage1940

1593 J. Eliot Ortho-epia Gallica 26/2 Herodotus the Ionian, who was a graue, sage and most eloquent Historiographer in his Ionian Idiome.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes So manie, and so much differing Dialects, and Idiomes, as be vsed and spoken in Italie.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 308 The Honor of taking armes (which in our present idiom may be calld Knighting).

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xi. 138 There is in Italy..the Milanese, the Parmasan, the Piemontese, and others..and all these have severall Dialects and Idiomes of Speech.

1690 I. Newton Let Nov. in Corr. (1961) III. 141 And the Apostles, as is well known, spake greek in the Syriac idiome.

1755 Connoisseur No. 53 (1774) II. 139 In the vulgar idiom Bunging your eye.

1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. p. iv/2 The idiom of Farsistan (Persia Proper)..had an extensive range over the most civilized of the lower districts: whilst the Pehlavi prevailed chiefly around the Mazenderan or Caspian Sea.

a1794 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) I. 188 On the spot I read..the classics of the Tuscan idiom.

1823 T. Ross tr. F. Bouterwek Hist. Spanish & Portuguese Lit. I. 13 The vulgar idiom spoken by the Galician water~carriers in Madrid.

1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist v. §3. 338 There were ‘voices’..which expressed in some vernacular idiom of Hebrew or Greek the thoughts of the Almighty.

1937 Massachusetts: Guide to Places & People (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 331 Even that would not clear up some of the local idiom. A ship bunk's mattress was a ‘donkey's breakfast’. The ‘apple-tree fleet’ was the class of coasting schooners.

1942 W. Lewis Let. 27 Jan. (1963) 315 They go about talking to themselves—in the purest idiom of the Pearly King.

1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics v. 139 Linguists have proposed the term ‘diglossia’ to designate a situation where a community uses..both a more colloquial idiom of less prestige and another of more learned and refined status.

1975 Country Life 8 May 1176/2 No one..is in a position to criticise... No one is, in the current idiom, that squeaky-clean.

1998 S. Dingo Dingo xiii. 152 Mrs Campbell, in Aussie idiom, was not cut out for it, did not have the internal fortitude for the life she married into.

2003 M. Abley Spoken Here viii. 140 Catalan imperceptibly shades into Occitan, Occitan blurs into the jumble of Alpine idioms known as Franco-Provençal, and Franco-Provençal slides into a regional version of mainstream French.

3. A form of expression, grammatical construction, phrase, etc., used in a distinctive way in a particular language, dialect, or language variety; spec. a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from the meanings of the individual words.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > distinctive character of a language > an idiom

idioma1631

idiotisma1631

idiomatism1772

idiomaticism1862

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > idiom

idioma1631

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 293 There are certaine idioms, certaine formes of speech, certaine propositions, which the holy Ghost repeats severall times.

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 30 Every speech hath certaine Idiomes, and customary Phrases of its own.

1670 H. Stubbe Censure upon Certaine Passages in Hist. Royal Soc. 48 Who can blame the sober disputers,..who may use Greek words Hellenistically, or as Hebraisms; and use the language of one Countrey with relation to the Idioms, customs, sentiments of another?

1705 J. Edwards Preacher 235 He authorizes us not to boggle at the vulgar Phrase and Idiom, but to make use of them on occasion.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vi. vii. 22 The Hebrew Tongue, which, as every other Language, had its idioms.

1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. ii. iii. 473 It is an idiom of the cockney language.

1801 D. Stewart Life & Writings W. Robertson 152 An admixture of Paduan idioms.

1871 Pub. School Lat. Gram. §122 The Adverbial use of the Attribute and Apposite is an important idiom.

1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xvi. 128 ‘Stony broke, I believe,’ said Mr Rycroft. ‘I hope I am using that idiom correctly.’

1960 W. V. Quine Word & Object vi. 222 The subjunctive conditional is an idiom for which we cannot hope to find a satisfactory general substitute in realistic terms.

1982 J. Strässler Idioms in Eng. iv. 123 If a hearer is unfamiliar with an idiom he tries to reconstruct the speaker's utterance meaning based on the literal interpretation and will most probably refute it as irrelevant or false.

2008 New Scientist 29 Mar. 31/3 Nerrière is working on a book of Globish for native English speakers, in which he warns us to speak in simple sentences and avoid idioms.

II. Non-linguistic senses.

4. A specific form, manifestation, nature, or property of something, now chiefly as figurative use of branch I.; (Theology) a property of Christ as either human or divine. Cf. sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C3^v Vnpartiall Iudge of all, save present state, Truth's Idioma of the things are past.

1614 R. Brathwait Schollers Medley 91 The perfect Idiome and Character of his Natiue Properties is already depicted.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 464 Who can looke vpon..those wondrous processions and idiomes [of the Godhead] reserued for Angels eyes?

1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 191 So we may say, this is Christs body, by the communication of the Idioms or proprieties to the bread with which it is united.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 177 That represents the Idiom or Form of a Horn.

1701 S. Nye Doctr. Holy Trinity i. 25 In respect of one Property, Character, or Idiom, the Divine Essence is named the Father.

1789 T. Taylor tr. Proclus Elements Theol. in tr. Proclus Philos. & Math. Comm. II. 394 By the resounding echo as it were of soul, it imparts its idiom or peculiarity to the body.

1828 T. B. Macaulay Ess. Hist. in Misc. Writings (1889) 152 Connection..not so close as to destroy the idioms of national opinion and feeling.

1862 D. W. Simon tr. I. A. Dorner Hist. Devel. Doctr. Person Christ 2nd Division II. 179 The two natures or substances united themselves in such a manner as to constitute one single and indivisible hypostasis; and as each of the so very different natures retains its own idioms or attributes, these latter enter into so inward an union, that what is an attribute of the one nature becomes also an attribute of the other.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 15 Aug. (1955) IV. 301 I took unspeakable pains in preparing to write Romola—neglecting nothing I could find that would help me to what I may call the ‘Idiom’ of Florence, in the largest sense one could stretch the word to.

1870 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 195 I noticed it [sc. snow]..sketched in intersecting edges bearing ‘idiom’..I have no other word yet for that which takes the eye or mind in a bold hand..not being beauty nor true inscape yet gives interest.

1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 46 To form the idiom of her flesh I faceted in clearest thought An arctic crystal in whose mesh Of frosty rays the sun is caught.

2000 R. F. Capon Fingerprints of God i. ii. 34 The classic Christian doctrine that goes by the name of communicatio idiomatum, ‘the communication of idioms’—holds that as long as you're talking about the Person of Christ, you may apply any idiom or property of either nature to him.

5. A distinctive style or convention in music, art, architecture, writing, etc.; the characteristic mode of expression of a composer, artist, author, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > characteristic mode of expression

idiom1865

1865 Rep. Proc. Church Congr. 302 It is unreasonable to expect ordinary men and women to appreciate or use easily or gracefully a musical idiom or tonality which scholars and students began to give up three centuries ago.

1912 Dict. National Biogr. 1901–11 I. 309/2 Some of the episodes..exhibit beauty and pathos, which the author's fidelity to his period enabled him to clothe in an idiom of purity and charm.

1921 J. B. McEwen First Steps Mus. Comp. 5 An intentional reversion to the contrapuntal idiom.

1923 H. Crane Let. 9 Feb. (1965) 121 Tate has a whole lot to offer when he finds his way out of the Eliot idiom.

1927 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 3) II. 537/2 The folk-songs of all nations have been cultivated..for the sake, mainly, of their undoubted freshness and spontaneity of idiom as compared with pseudo-classical models.

1939 Burlington Mag. Aug. 90/1 Buildings and industrial products which are now the accepted ‘idiom’ of design throughout the modern world.

1955 Times 9 May 3/1 We in this country have had experience of Anglo-American cooperation in film-making, and, whatever may be said in its favour from the practical, economic point of view, it certainly tends to blur and weaken the natural idiom and character of the countries involved.

1957 S. Dance in S. Traill Concerning Jazz 43 The three great names in the presentation of jazz in the pure New Orleans idiom..were King Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong.

1971 H. S. Kushner When Children ask about God v. 126 The events are no different from the ones that befell our Biblical ancestors; only the idiom in which we describe and respond to them has changed.

2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Mar. 147/1 They sing about Jesus in the unlikely idiom of boy-band pop, complete with five-part harmony.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	idiom
释义	idiomn. Brit. /ˈɪdɪəm/, U.S. /ˈɪdiəm/ Forms: α. 1500s ideome, 1500s ydiome, 1500s–1600s idiome, 1600s ideom, 1600s– idiom. β. 1500s–1600s idioma. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French idiome; Latin idiōma. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French idiome distinctive form of speech of a particular people or country, regional variety of a language (1544; 1527 as ydiomat ; 1611 (in Cotgrave) in sense ‘specific character or individuality of a language’), distinctive style or convention in music, art, architecture, writing, etc. (1831 or earlier; the specific theological sense ‘property of Christ as either human or divine’ is not paralleled until later: 1687), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin idiōma (in post-classical Latin also ydeoma, ydioma) special term or phrase used by an individual or group, in post-classical Latin also language (7th cent.), peculiarity, special property (from 12th cent. in British sources), dialect (13th cent. in a British source), spoken form of language (14th cent. in a British source) < Hellenistic Greek ἰδίωμα peculiarity, property, peculiarity of style, form of language peculiar to a particular individual < ancient Greek ἰδιοῦσθαι to make one's own, to appropriate ( < ἴδιος own, private, peculiar: see idio- comb. form) + -μα (see -oma comb. form).Compare Catalan idioma (1696), Spanish idioma language (early 15th cent.), Portuguese idioma (a1710), Italian idioma (a1321), also German Idiom (1576, originally with Latinate ending as idioma ). In β. forms directly < classical Latin idiōma. I. Senses relating to language. 1. The specific character or individuality of a language; the manner of expression considered natural to or distinctive of a language; a language's distinctive phraseology. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > distinctive character of a language propriety1550 idiom1573 idiotism1605 idiomacy1813 idiomaticism1825 feeling1875 idiomaticity1887 1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd Breuiary of Britayne sig. ¶ viii Idiome, or proprietie of the British tongue. 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. C5 Oh how the varges from his blacke pen wrung, Would sauce the Idiome of the English tongue. 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 5 A word, which according to the Idiom and propriety of the language wherein he spake, may be translated liues. 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 The ill habit..of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom. 1667 J. Dryden Let. to Sir R. Howard in Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref. The terms of Arts in every Tongue bearing more of the Idiom of it then any other words. 1683 Britanniæ Speculum 39 The Idiom of it, as to the main, appears to be Teutonick. 1702 J. E. Edzard God save Queen 2 Answering as well to the true Idiom of the German Tongue, as the Sense of the Sacred language. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. vi. 189 To bring anything to light..is..in the Idiom of the English Tongue, to discover or reveal a thing. 1800 Neighbourhood I. xx. 119 From the French usher he had acquired enough to violate at every word the idiom of his mother tongue, but the gabble of a foreign language imperfectly taught. 1832 Examiner 4 Mar. 149/1 The Westminster prologizer has been led into his error by the spirit and pure idiom of the English translation. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. (1873) viii. iii. 218 In their attempt to maintain idiom. 1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xix. 303 The first part of the reply has to be understood according to the idiom of the Aramaic tongue. 2004 C. Ó Dochartaigh in H. Gaskill Reception of Ossian in Europe viii. 175 It reflects a concept of foreignization, where the reader is deliberately exposed to the idiom of another language. 2. a. A language, especially a person or people's own language; the distinctive form of speech of a particular people or country. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] speechc888 rounOE ledenc1000 tonguec1000 wordOE moalc1175 speaka1300 languagec1300 land-speecha1325 talea1325 lip1382 stevenc1386 languea1425 leed1513 public language1521 idiom1575 idiotism1588 lingua1660 lingua franca1697 receptive language1926 1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. U.j So would I wishe you to frame all sentences in their mother phrase and proper Idióma. 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 41 A hawty Latin stile and antique Ideome. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 86 To allow euery word polisillable one long time..which should be where his sharpe accent falls in our owne ydiome most aptly and naturally. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. x. §10 These [verbs] our idiom conjugates onelie in tuo tymes, the tyme present and tym past. 1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 48 The writings of Glauber, which were translated into the English Idiom. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 165. ¶3 The Histories of all our former Wars are transmitted to us in our Vernacular Idiom. 1774 T. Falkner Descr. Patagonia iv. 102 The Tehuelhets, who in Europe are known by the name of Patagons, have been, through ignorance of their idiom, called Tehuelchus: for chu signifies country or abode, and not people; which is expressed by the word het. 1790 tr. J.-B.-B. de Lesseps Trav. Kamtschatka II. 105 The idiom of the Koriacs has no affinity to that of the Kamtschadales. a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 398/2 According to..[some] authorities, the Cuman tribes first entered Hungary in 1086, were converted to Christianity in 1410, and, adopting the Magyar language, soon lost the recollection of their own idiom. 1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 20 The divine spark which glows in all idioms. 1922 E. J. Harrison Lithuania ii. 32 In 1654 the Old Prussians..renounced their Balto-Lithuanian idiom in favour of German. 1976 M. Münzel in W. A. Veenhoven et al. Case Stud. Human Rights & Fund. Freedoms IV. 400 Mr. Stolz and the other North Americans with him were not able..to speak with the ‘wild’ Aché in their own idiom, although the ‘tame’ Aché from the Reservation were. 1990 D. Ackerman Nat. Hist. Senses iv. 215 On the island of Gomera in the Canaries, descendants of an aboriginal people called the Guanches,..use an ancient whistling language..from as far away as nine miles, they hear one another and converse as their ancestors did. Silbo Gomero the idiom is called. b. In narrower sense: a dialect or variety of a language; a form of a language limited to or distinctive of a particular area, category of people, period of time, or context. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun] dialect1566 idiom1593 subdialect1642 sublanguage1749 talka1788 vernacular1925 sublanguage1940 1593 J. Eliot Ortho-epia Gallica 26/2 Herodotus the Ionian, who was a graue, sage and most eloquent Historiographer in his Ionian Idiome. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes So manie, and so much differing Dialects, and Idiomes, as be vsed and spoken in Italie. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 308 The Honor of taking armes (which in our present idiom may be calld Knighting). 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xi. 138 There is in Italy..the Milanese, the Parmasan, the Piemontese, and others..and all these have severall Dialects and Idiomes of Speech. 1690 I. Newton Let Nov. in Corr. (1961) III. 141 And the Apostles, as is well known, spake greek in the Syriac idiome. 1755 Connoisseur No. 53 (1774) II. 139 In the vulgar idiom Bunging your eye. 1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. p. iv/2 The idiom of Farsistan (Persia Proper)..had an extensive range over the most civilized of the lower districts: whilst the Pehlavi prevailed chiefly around the Mazenderan or Caspian Sea. a1794 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) I. 188 On the spot I read..the classics of the Tuscan idiom. 1823 T. Ross tr. F. Bouterwek Hist. Spanish & Portuguese Lit. I. 13 The vulgar idiom spoken by the Galician water~carriers in Madrid. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist v. §3. 338 There were ‘voices’..which expressed in some vernacular idiom of Hebrew or Greek the thoughts of the Almighty. 1937 Massachusetts: Guide to Places & People (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 331 Even that would not clear up some of the local idiom. A ship bunk's mattress was a ‘donkey's breakfast’. The ‘apple-tree fleet’ was the class of coasting schooners. 1942 W. Lewis Let. 27 Jan. (1963) 315 They go about talking to themselves—in the purest idiom of the Pearly King. 1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics v. 139 Linguists have proposed the term ‘diglossia’ to designate a situation where a community uses..both a more colloquial idiom of less prestige and another of more learned and refined status. 1975 Country Life 8 May 1176/2 No one..is in a position to criticise... No one is, in the current idiom, that squeaky-clean. 1998 S. Dingo Dingo xiii. 152 Mrs Campbell, in Aussie idiom, was not cut out for it, did not have the internal fortitude for the life she married into. 2003 M. Abley Spoken Here viii. 140 Catalan imperceptibly shades into Occitan, Occitan blurs into the jumble of Alpine idioms known as Franco-Provençal, and Franco-Provençal slides into a regional version of mainstream French. 3. A form of expression, grammatical construction, phrase, etc., used in a distinctive way in a particular language, dialect, or language variety; spec. a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from the meanings of the individual words. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > distinctive character of a language > an idiom idioma1631 idiotisma1631 idiomatism1772 idiomaticism1862 the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > idiom idioma1631 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 293 There are certaine idioms, certaine formes of speech, certaine propositions, which the holy Ghost repeats severall times. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 30 Every speech hath certaine Idiomes, and customary Phrases of its own. 1670 H. Stubbe Censure upon Certaine Passages in Hist. Royal Soc. 48 Who can blame the sober disputers,..who may use Greek words Hellenistically, or as Hebraisms; and use the language of one Countrey with relation to the Idioms, customs, sentiments of another? 1705 J. Edwards Preacher 235 He authorizes us not to boggle at the vulgar Phrase and Idiom, but to make use of them on occasion. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vi. vii. 22 The Hebrew Tongue, which, as every other Language, had its idioms. 1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. ii. iii. 473 It is an idiom of the cockney language. 1801 D. Stewart Life & Writings W. Robertson 152 An admixture of Paduan idioms. 1871 Pub. School Lat. Gram. §122 The Adverbial use of the Attribute and Apposite is an important idiom. 1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xvi. 128 ‘Stony broke, I believe,’ said Mr Rycroft. ‘I hope I am using that idiom correctly.’ 1960 W. V. Quine Word & Object vi. 222 The subjunctive conditional is an idiom for which we cannot hope to find a satisfactory general substitute in realistic terms. 1982 J. Strässler Idioms in Eng. iv. 123 If a hearer is unfamiliar with an idiom he tries to reconstruct the speaker's utterance meaning based on the literal interpretation and will most probably refute it as irrelevant or false. 2008 New Scientist 29 Mar. 31/3 Nerrière is working on a book of Globish for native English speakers, in which he warns us to speak in simple sentences and avoid idioms. II. Non-linguistic senses. 4. A specific form, manifestation, nature, or property of something, now chiefly as figurative use of branch I.; (Theology) a property of Christ as either human or divine. Cf. sense 5. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C3^v Vnpartiall Iudge of all, save present state, Truth's Idioma of the things are past. 1614 R. Brathwait Schollers Medley 91 The perfect Idiome and Character of his Natiue Properties is already depicted. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 464 Who can looke vpon..those wondrous processions and idiomes [of the Godhead] reserued for Angels eyes? 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 191 So we may say, this is Christs body, by the communication of the Idioms or proprieties to the bread with which it is united. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 177 That represents the Idiom or Form of a Horn. 1701 S. Nye Doctr. Holy Trinity i. 25 In respect of one Property, Character, or Idiom, the Divine Essence is named the Father. 1789 T. Taylor tr. Proclus Elements Theol. in tr. Proclus Philos. & Math. Comm. II. 394 By the resounding echo as it were of soul, it imparts its idiom or peculiarity to the body. 1828 T. B. Macaulay Ess. Hist. in Misc. Writings (1889) 152 Connection..not so close as to destroy the idioms of national opinion and feeling. 1862 D. W. Simon tr. I. A. Dorner Hist. Devel. Doctr. Person Christ 2nd Division II. 179 The two natures or substances united themselves in such a manner as to constitute one single and indivisible hypostasis; and as each of the so very different natures retains its own idioms or attributes, these latter enter into so inward an union, that what is an attribute of the one nature becomes also an attribute of the other. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 15 Aug. (1955) IV. 301 I took unspeakable pains in preparing to write Romola—neglecting nothing I could find that would help me to what I may call the ‘Idiom’ of Florence, in the largest sense one could stretch the word to. 1870 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 195 I noticed it [sc. snow]..sketched in intersecting edges bearing ‘idiom’..I have no other word yet for that which takes the eye or mind in a bold hand..not being beauty nor true inscape yet gives interest. 1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 46 To form the idiom of her flesh I faceted in clearest thought An arctic crystal in whose mesh Of frosty rays the sun is caught. 2000 R. F. Capon Fingerprints of God i. ii. 34 The classic Christian doctrine that goes by the name of communicatio idiomatum, ‘the communication of idioms’—holds that as long as you're talking about the Person of Christ, you may apply any idiom or property of either nature to him. 5. A distinctive style or convention in music, art, architecture, writing, etc.; the characteristic mode of expression of a composer, artist, author, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > characteristic mode of expression idiom1865 1865 Rep. Proc. Church Congr. 302 It is unreasonable to expect ordinary men and women to appreciate or use easily or gracefully a musical idiom or tonality which scholars and students began to give up three centuries ago. 1912 Dict. National Biogr. 1901–11 I. 309/2 Some of the episodes..exhibit beauty and pathos, which the author's fidelity to his period enabled him to clothe in an idiom of purity and charm. 1921 J. B. McEwen First Steps Mus. Comp. 5 An intentional reversion to the contrapuntal idiom. 1923 H. Crane Let. 9 Feb. (1965) 121 Tate has a whole lot to offer when he finds his way out of the Eliot idiom. 1927 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 3) II. 537/2 The folk-songs of all nations have been cultivated..for the sake, mainly, of their undoubted freshness and spontaneity of idiom as compared with pseudo-classical models. 1939 Burlington Mag. Aug. 90/1 Buildings and industrial products which are now the accepted ‘idiom’ of design throughout the modern world. 1955 Times 9 May 3/1 We in this country have had experience of Anglo-American cooperation in film-making, and, whatever may be said in its favour from the practical, economic point of view, it certainly tends to blur and weaken the natural idiom and character of the countries involved. 1957 S. Dance in S. Traill Concerning Jazz 43 The three great names in the presentation of jazz in the pure New Orleans idiom..were King Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong. 1971 H. S. Kushner When Children ask about God v. 126 The events are no different from the ones that befell our Biblical ancestors; only the idiom in which we describe and respond to them has changed. 2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Mar. 147/1 They sing about Jesus in the unlikely idiom of boy-band pop, complete with five-part harmony. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1573
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