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单词 ignoble
释义

ignobleadj.n.

Brit. /ɪɡˈnəʊbl/, U.S. /ɪɡˈnoʊb(ə)l/
Forms: late Middle English ygnoble, 1500s innoble, 1500s– ignoble.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ignoble; Latin ignōbilis.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French ignoble, innoble (French ignoble ) of low birth or humble station, of base character (both late 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ignōbilis unknown, not well known, obscure, unimportant, of low birth or humble station, dishonourable, base, mean < in- in- prefix4 + gnōbilis , nōbilis noble adj. Compare slightly later ignobility n.Compare Spanish innoble , adjective and noun (late 14th cent. as ignoble ), Italian ignobile (late 13th cent as adjective, early 14th cent. as noun). In sense A. 2c (in falconry) after post-classical Latin ignobilis (13th cent. in this sense: Albertus Magnus); compare Middle French, French ignoble (15th cent. in this sense).
A. adj.
1. Not noble in respect of birth, position, or status; not belonging to or suitable for those of high birth or status; of low birth or humble station.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [adjective]
leasteOE
wokec897
littleOE
lowc1175
eathlyc1200
smallc1275
simplec1300
meana1375
humblec1386
ignoble1447
servile1447
base1490
slighta1500
sober1533
silly1568
unresponsal1579
dunghilled1600
villainous1607
without name1611
woollena1616
dunghilly1616
unresponsible1629
under-stateda1661
low-down1865
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 8387 Not oonly ygnoble was þis Quyncyan, But he eek was a ful vycyous man.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxiiiiv All must pay hym [sc. death] dette, Noble and innoble.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcij Of all men, aswell noble as ignoble, aswell of riche as of poore.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iv. i. 69 You must Confesse,..That I was not ignoble in my birth.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 133 The Gentlemen doe not meddle with trafficke..they thinke such trafficke ignoble and base.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) xlv. xiv Daughter of Heaven, tho born on Earth..Forget the first ignoble Birth.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 59 A West-Saxon house which, two generations back, had been undistinguished, perhaps ignoble.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 313 No man..will be allowed to exercise any ignoble occupation.
1907 F. W. Raffety Burke's Wks. IV. Pref. 10 Every newspaper recalled the murder of a seigneur; but on the other side the sufferers were too ignoble to be known.
2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad iv. 14 We met boys behind the pigpens, noble and ignoble boys alike.
2018 Times 5 Oct. 30/3 Accusations of drunkenness, gluttony, ignoble birth and sexual deviancy were routine.
2.
a. Designating something having qualities considered less desirable than those of others of the same kind; of lesser status; humble, lowly; spec. designating a base metal.Often with admixture of sense A. 3.
ΚΠ
1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. 24 The limbes, and ignoble partes of the bodie.
1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 130 in Poems Like some fair Pine orelooking all th' ignobler Wood.
1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 365 I speak not here of Projection, whereby one part of an Aurifick Powder is said to turn..many 100 or 1000 parts of an ignobler Metal into Silver or Gold.
1715 E. Young Poem on Last Day (ed. 3) iii. 50 My Strength exhausted fainting I descend, And chuse a less, but no ignoble, Theme.
1877 J. Day Prehistoric Iron & Steel 26 Any of the crude, ignoble metals.
1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iii. 69 It [sc. a room] had come with two ignoble chairs..and a humble pedestal desk of indeterminable wood.
2004 W. Beavis Give your Life Success Makeover x. 132 He made the determination to turn the ignoble wood pallet into a beautiful guitar.
b. Of a particular breed or species of animal: having qualities or habits considered less admirable or desirable than those of other animals (or of humans). Obsolete.Sometimes with admixture of sense A. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > [adjective] > as opposed to man
rudea1325
beastlya1393
brute-beastish1530
brutish1534
ignoble1602
subhuman1790
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [adjective] > not used in falconry
ignoble1602
1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xv. 225 Of fourefooted beasts, some are Noble, as the Lyon; some ignoble, as the Wolfe.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 234 Peacock-fish..Is an insipid and ignoble fish.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 38 This more ignoble creature [sc. the great Black Snail] hath also a circulation of its nutritive humour.
1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. ii. 12 As the human eye is supposed to awe into impotence the malignant intentions of the ignobler animals.
1915 Association Men Dec. 122/1 Ignoble insects are the bedbug, the louse, the flea..; noble insects are the ant, the bee, the silk worm.
c. In Falconry: designating a short-winged hawk, such as a goshawk or sparrowhawk, which chases after its prey, rather than swooping down on it from a height (chiefly historical). Also (in wider sense): designating a large category of birds of prey characterized as unsuitable for true falconry (including eagles, hawks, kites, and buzzards); belonging to this category. Now historical and rare.
ΚΠ
1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. 508 (table) Hawks. All the ignoble species of this genus breed in Great Britain.
1792 New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. ii. 114 These are called long-winged hawks, to distinguish them from the more ignoble tribes of goshawks, sparrow hawks, kites, and buzzards, which are too slow, obstinate, or cowardly, to be serviceable in the exercises of the field.
1829 E. Griffiths et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VI. 223 That this magnificent bird [sc. the eagle] should be classed among the ignoble, by the professors of falconry, because he disdains a subservience to the caprices of man, is one proof among many of the proneness of human selfishness to the perversion of words.
1894 Johnson's Univ. Cycl. (new ed.) III. 853/2 Although belonging to the ‘ignoble’ falcons, or those which fly down their quarry instead of swooping upon it, [the goshawk] was in great demand owing to its dash and energy.
1980 R. S. Oggins in J. A. Weisheipl Albertus Magnus & Sci. xvii. 451 Albert..rearranged the birds in order of excellence, and added several kinds. He also created the formal categories of ignoble and mixed falcons.
3. Not honourable in character or purpose; mean, base, sordid.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adjective]
theowlikec1175
low?c1225
undignec1315
unfreec1330
base?1518
roynish1570
baseborn1573
base-minded1573
haskardly1576
ignoble1592
unnoble1593
slavish1597
disnoble1609
infimous1613
unhandsome1645
unheroical1656
mean1665
unworthy1694
unheroic1732
raff1761
undignified1782
raffish1795
truculent1825
unpromotable1836
menial1837
low-flung1841
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile
low?c1225
lechera1300
vilea1300
feeblea1325
unfreec1330
villain1340
wrackc1375
villains1390
noughty1443
slovenly?1518
peasant1550
sluttish1561
vild1567
knaifatic1568
scallardc1575
base1576
tinkerly?1576
beggarly?1577
cullion-like1591
brokerly1592
broking1592
ignoble1592
cullionly1608
disnoble1609
unsolid1731
lowly1740
blackguard1751
blackguardly1779
menial1837
low-flung1841
caddish1868
basilar1884
bounding1904
bounderish1928
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F2v His beggerly parsimony and ignoble illiberaltie.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 21 Here is the head of that ignoble traitor, The daungerous and vnsuspected Hastings. View more context for this quotation
1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 78 The worst and ignoblest sort of men.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 227 Thus Belial..Counsel'd ignoble ease, and peaceful sloath. View more context for this quotation
1695 J. Addison Poem to his Majesty 4 His Toils for no Ignoble Ends design'd.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 19 With Scandal arm'd, th' Ignoble Mind's Delight.
1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xlix Every kind of knowledge may be sought from ignoble motives, and for ignoble ends.
1871 W. H. Dixon Tower IV. x. 96 The most ignoble year in an ignoble reign.
1904 S. H. Butcher Harvard Lect. on Greek Subj. ii. 124 A refinement and delicacy of feeling, a deepening of the sympathetic emotions, a scorn of what is self-seeking, ignoble, dishonourable.
1967 M. A. Meyer Origins Mod. Jew vi. 172 In leaving Judaism he had performed an ignoble act, an act of cowardice.
2015 I. F. Gellman President & Apprentice iii. 62 He accused Eisenhower of directing this ignoble attack.
B. n.
A person who is not of noble birth or rank; a person of ignoble character; an ignoble person. Also (in later use more commonly) with the and plural agreement: ignoble people as a class.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]
folkc888
peoplea1325
frapec1330
commona1350
common peoplea1382
commonsa1382
commontya1387
communityc1400
meiniec1400
commonaltya1425
commonsa1500
vulgarsa1513
many1526
meinie1532
multitude1535
the many-headed beast (also monster)1537
number1542
ignobility1546
commonitya1550
popular1554
populace1572
popularya1578
vulgarity?1577
populacya1583
rout1589
the vulgar1590
plebs1591
mobile vulgusc1599
popularity1599
ignoble1603
the million1604
plebe1612
plebeity1614
the common filea1616
the herda1616
civils1644
commonality1649
democracy1656
menu1658
mobile1676
crowd1683
vulgusa1687
mob1691
Pimlico parliament?1774
citizenry1795
polloi1803
demos1831
many-headed1836
hoi polloi1837
the masses1837
citizenhood1843
John Q.1922
wimble-wamble1937
1603 J. Davies Microcosmos 121 Most Ignobles, in a Nobles name, Wil let Lawes course, which should be safe reseru'd.
1607 tr. L. Ducci Ars Aulica v. 40 If wee peize and compare them as souldiers, wherin, it may be, the ignoble is more practised and better disposed..without all doubt he shall be preferred.
1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum xxii. 109 Be it either by Nobles or ignobles, none excepted.
1683 Britanniæ Speculum 191 To be ranked among the Peasantry and the Ignoble.
1758 tr. Sallust in J. Stirling Syst. Rhetorick (new ed.) 43 The rest of us (the Brave, the Good, the Noble, and the Ignoble) have all been as the vilest of the Vulgar.
1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. iv. 50 Why should they, as Englishmen, not..have special courts of their own, as being peers and nobles of a natural aristocracy placed among serfs and ignobles?
1984 L. van der Post in L. van der Post & J. Taylor Test. to Bushmen 128 The irresistible envy the ignoble are compelled always to have for the noble.
2006 Time Out (Nexis) 10 May 180 An old-fashioned partition at the entrance..presumably once kept ignobles away from posher customers in the saloon.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

ignoblev.

Brit. /ɪɡˈnəʊbl/, U.S. /ɪɡˈnoʊb(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ignoble adj.
Etymology: < ignoble adj., as the opposite of ennoble v.
Now somewhat rare.
transitive. To make (a person or thing) ignoble; to lower the dignity or repute of; to debase.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > detract from [verb (transitive)] > bring discredit on or bring into disrepute
unworthyc1230
alosea1325
low1340
ensclaundre1389
foulc1390
disparagea1400
deface1529
depress1550
discredit?1550
ignoblec1590
redound1591
reproach1593
blame1596
nullify1603
scandal1606
sinka1616
even1625
explode1629
disrepute1649
disrepute1651
lese1678
rogue1678
reflect1769
disconsider1849
dispraise1879
c1590 F. Bacon Disc. in Praise of Sovereign in R. Stephens Lett. & Remains Lord Chancellor Bacon (1734) 256 The invincible Navy..ignobling manie shores and points of land by shipwreck.
1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 105 The Person dignifies the Place, the Place ignobles not the Person.
a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) ii. i. §3 By confiscation, and by condemning the memory of the delinquent, and ignobling his race.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 188 Early sorrow had prevented or ignobled much that was good in him.
1948 P. A. Sorokin Reconstruction of Humanity viii. 125 Such an art..is free from pathology and demoralizing negativism... Instead of ignobling the noble, it ennobles the ignoble.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
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adj.n.1447v.c1590
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