单词 | ignoble |
释义 | ignobleadj.n. A. adj. 1. Not noble in respect of birth, position, or status; not belonging to or suitable for those of high birth or status; of low birth or humble station. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [adjective] leasteOE wokec897 littleOE lowc1175 eathlyc1200 smallc1275 simplec1300 meana1375 humblec1386 ignoble1447 servile1447 base1490 slighta1500 sober1533 silly1568 unresponsal1579 dunghilled1600 villainous1607 without name1611 woollena1616 dunghilly1616 unresponsible1629 under-stateda1661 low-down1865 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 8387 Not oonly ygnoble was þis Quyncyan, But he eek was a ful vycyous man. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxiiiiv All must pay hym [sc. death] dette, Noble and innoble. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcij Of all men, aswell noble as ignoble, aswell of riche as of poore. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iv. i. 69 You must Confesse,..That I was not ignoble in my birth. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 133 The Gentlemen doe not meddle with trafficke..they thinke such trafficke ignoble and base. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) xlv. xiv Daughter of Heaven, tho born on Earth..Forget the first ignoble Birth. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 59 A West-Saxon house which, two generations back, had been undistinguished, perhaps ignoble. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 313 No man..will be allowed to exercise any ignoble occupation. 1907 F. W. Raffety Burke's Wks. IV. Pref. 10 Every newspaper recalled the murder of a seigneur; but on the other side the sufferers were too ignoble to be known. 2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad iv. 14 We met boys behind the pigpens, noble and ignoble boys alike. 2018 Times 5 Oct. 30/3 Accusations of drunkenness, gluttony, ignoble birth and sexual deviancy were routine. 2. a. Designating something having qualities considered less desirable than those of others of the same kind; of lesser status; humble, lowly; spec. designating a base metal.Often with admixture of sense A. 3. ΚΠ 1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. 24 The limbes, and ignoble partes of the bodie. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 130 in Poems Like some fair Pine orelooking all th' ignobler Wood. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 365 I speak not here of Projection, whereby one part of an Aurifick Powder is said to turn..many 100 or 1000 parts of an ignobler Metal into Silver or Gold. 1715 E. Young Poem on Last Day (ed. 3) iii. 50 My Strength exhausted fainting I descend, And chuse a less, but no ignoble, Theme. 1877 J. Day Prehistoric Iron & Steel 26 Any of the crude, ignoble metals. 1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iii. 69 It [sc. a room] had come with two ignoble chairs..and a humble pedestal desk of indeterminable wood. 2004 W. Beavis Give your Life Success Makeover x. 132 He made the determination to turn the ignoble wood pallet into a beautiful guitar. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > [adjective] > as opposed to man rudea1325 beastlya1393 brute-beastish1530 brutish1534 ignoble1602 subhuman1790 the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [adjective] > not used in falconry ignoble1602 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xv. 225 Of fourefooted beasts, some are Noble, as the Lyon; some ignoble, as the Wolfe. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 234 Peacock-fish..Is an insipid and ignoble fish. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 38 This more ignoble creature [sc. the great Black Snail] hath also a circulation of its nutritive humour. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. ii. 12 As the human eye is supposed to awe into impotence the malignant intentions of the ignobler animals. 1915 Association Men Dec. 122/1 Ignoble insects are the bedbug, the louse, the flea..; noble insects are the ant, the bee, the silk worm. c. In Falconry: designating a short-winged hawk, such as a goshawk or sparrowhawk, which chases after its prey, rather than swooping down on it from a height (chiefly historical). Also (in wider sense): designating a large category of birds of prey characterized as unsuitable for true falconry (including eagles, hawks, kites, and buzzards); belonging to this category. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. 508 (table) Hawks. All the ignoble species of this genus breed in Great Britain. 1792 New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. ii. 114 These are called long-winged hawks, to distinguish them from the more ignoble tribes of goshawks, sparrow hawks, kites, and buzzards, which are too slow, obstinate, or cowardly, to be serviceable in the exercises of the field. 1829 E. Griffiths et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VI. 223 That this magnificent bird [sc. the eagle] should be classed among the ignoble, by the professors of falconry, because he disdains a subservience to the caprices of man, is one proof among many of the proneness of human selfishness to the perversion of words. 1894 Johnson's Univ. Cycl. (new ed.) III. 853/2 Although belonging to the ‘ignoble’ falcons, or those which fly down their quarry instead of swooping upon it, [the goshawk] was in great demand owing to its dash and energy. 1980 R. S. Oggins in J. A. Weisheipl Albertus Magnus & Sci. xvii. 451 Albert..rearranged the birds in order of excellence, and added several kinds. He also created the formal categories of ignoble and mixed falcons. 3. Not honourable in character or purpose; mean, base, sordid. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adjective] theowlikec1175 low?c1225 undignec1315 unfreec1330 base?1518 roynish1570 baseborn1573 base-minded1573 haskardly1576 ignoble1592 unnoble1593 slavish1597 disnoble1609 infimous1613 unhandsome1645 unheroical1656 mean1665 unworthy1694 unheroic1732 raff1761 undignified1782 raffish1795 truculent1825 unpromotable1836 menial1837 low-flung1841 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile low?c1225 lechera1300 vilea1300 feeblea1325 unfreec1330 villain1340 wrackc1375 villains1390 noughty1443 slovenly?1518 peasant1550 sluttish1561 vild1567 knaifatic1568 scallardc1575 base1576 tinkerly?1576 beggarly?1577 cullion-like1591 brokerly1592 broking1592 ignoble1592 cullionly1608 disnoble1609 unsolid1731 lowly1740 blackguard1751 blackguardly1779 menial1837 low-flung1841 caddish1868 basilar1884 bounding1904 bounderish1928 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F2v His beggerly parsimony and ignoble illiberaltie. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 21 Here is the head of that ignoble traitor, The daungerous and vnsuspected Hastings. View more context for this quotation 1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 78 The worst and ignoblest sort of men. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 227 Thus Belial..Counsel'd ignoble ease, and peaceful sloath. View more context for this quotation 1695 J. Addison Poem to his Majesty 4 His Toils for no Ignoble Ends design'd. 1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 19 With Scandal arm'd, th' Ignoble Mind's Delight. 1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xlix Every kind of knowledge may be sought from ignoble motives, and for ignoble ends. 1871 W. H. Dixon Tower IV. x. 96 The most ignoble year in an ignoble reign. 1904 S. H. Butcher Harvard Lect. on Greek Subj. ii. 124 A refinement and delicacy of feeling, a deepening of the sympathetic emotions, a scorn of what is self-seeking, ignoble, dishonourable. 1967 M. A. Meyer Origins Mod. Jew vi. 172 In leaving Judaism he had performed an ignoble act, an act of cowardice. 2015 I. F. Gellman President & Apprentice iii. 62 He accused Eisenhower of directing this ignoble attack. B. n. A person who is not of noble birth or rank; a person of ignoble character; an ignoble person. Also (in later use more commonly) with the and plural agreement: ignoble people as a class. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] folkc888 peoplea1325 frapec1330 commona1350 common peoplea1382 commonsa1382 commontya1387 communityc1400 meiniec1400 commonaltya1425 commonsa1500 vulgarsa1513 many1526 meinie1532 multitude1535 the many-headed beast (also monster)1537 number1542 ignobility1546 commonitya1550 popular1554 populace1572 popularya1578 vulgarity?1577 populacya1583 rout1589 the vulgar1590 plebs1591 mobile vulgusc1599 popularity1599 ignoble1603 the million1604 plebe1612 plebeity1614 the common filea1616 the herda1616 civils1644 commonality1649 democracy1656 menu1658 mobile1676 crowd1683 vulgusa1687 mob1691 Pimlico parliament?1774 citizenry1795 polloi1803 demos1831 many-headed1836 hoi polloi1837 the masses1837 citizenhood1843 John Q.1922 wimble-wamble1937 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos 121 Most Ignobles, in a Nobles name, Wil let Lawes course, which should be safe reseru'd. 1607 tr. L. Ducci Ars Aulica v. 40 If wee peize and compare them as souldiers, wherin, it may be, the ignoble is more practised and better disposed..without all doubt he shall be preferred. 1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum xxii. 109 Be it either by Nobles or ignobles, none excepted. 1683 Britanniæ Speculum 191 To be ranked among the Peasantry and the Ignoble. 1758 tr. Sallust in J. Stirling Syst. Rhetorick (new ed.) 43 The rest of us (the Brave, the Good, the Noble, and the Ignoble) have all been as the vilest of the Vulgar. 1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. iv. 50 Why should they, as Englishmen, not..have special courts of their own, as being peers and nobles of a natural aristocracy placed among serfs and ignobles? 1984 L. van der Post in L. van der Post & J. Taylor Test. to Bushmen 128 The irresistible envy the ignoble are compelled always to have for the noble. 2006 Time Out (Nexis) 10 May 180 An old-fashioned partition at the entrance..presumably once kept ignobles away from posher customers in the saloon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). ignoblev. Now somewhat rare. transitive. To make (a person or thing) ignoble; to lower the dignity or repute of; to debase. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > detract from [verb (transitive)] > bring discredit on or bring into disrepute unworthyc1230 alosea1325 low1340 ensclaundre1389 foulc1390 disparagea1400 deface1529 depress1550 discredit?1550 ignoblec1590 redound1591 reproach1593 blame1596 nullify1603 scandal1606 sinka1616 even1625 explode1629 disrepute1649 disrepute1651 lese1678 rogue1678 reflect1769 disconsider1849 dispraise1879 c1590 F. Bacon Disc. in Praise of Sovereign in R. Stephens Lett. & Remains Lord Chancellor Bacon (1734) 256 The invincible Navy..ignobling manie shores and points of land by shipwreck. 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 105 The Person dignifies the Place, the Place ignobles not the Person. a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) ii. i. §3 By confiscation, and by condemning the memory of the delinquent, and ignobling his race. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 188 Early sorrow had prevented or ignobled much that was good in him. 1948 P. A. Sorokin Reconstruction of Humanity viii. 125 Such an art..is free from pathology and demoralizing negativism... Instead of ignobling the noble, it ennobles the ignoble. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < |
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