英语词汇“as who”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

Phrases

P1. as who (in relative use).

a. With the verb say.

†(a) as who saith (also say).

(i) Commenting on a preceding statement: that is to say, in other words, which is as much as to say that. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1521 ‘Eche lond,’ he seide, ‘is contray to the stronge. As ho saith, theȝ ȝe beo in strange contray ibroȝt, If ȝe beoth strong in Godes lawe, hit ne schal ȝou grevi noȝt.’

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 127 Pilat answeride, Þat Y have writun, I have writun; as who seiþ, þis writing shal stonde.

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 213 I haue ouercomen the worlde, als who seye: And so schulle ȝe.

c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 9 Walke before me, and be thou vpright, and I will make my couenant betweene me and thee. As who say, one condition..of the couenant is our vpright and good profession.

(ii) Commenting on a preceding or following word or phrase: in a manner of speaking, as it were, you might say, as they say. Obsolete.In quot. a1400: in the manner of, as you might say.

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a1325 St. Patrick (Corpus Cambr.) l. 386 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 98 Þis seli gostes..quakede and clyuerede [read chyuerede] faste in drede & pine stronge And abide as wo seiþ hore tyme hore deþ forto auonge.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7046 Alle þat spake of syre Troyle Was skraped a-wey, as who sey oyle.

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) lxxvii Sodaynly, as quho sais at a thoght, It opnyt.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Thomas of Woodstock xiv To bridle the prince of a realme, Is euen (as who sayeth) to striue with the streame.

(iii) Commenting on a preceding action: as if to say, as though saying. Obsolete.

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a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 282 (MED) In tokene of þis chaffare, þei beggen after þat þei have prechid, as who seiþ, ȝyve me þi moneie, þat Y am worþi bi my preching.

c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Envoy to Bukton (Fairf. 16) (1879) l. 4 Whan of Criste our kyng Was axed, what ys trouthe..He nat a worde answerde to that axinge As who saith, noo man is al trew I gesse.

a1500 Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 745 (MED) The fyrst ymage hylde ouȝt his honde vn-to me, As who say, ‘Take þis Ryng of my Ȝyf.’

1611 W. Sclater Key (1629) 14 Papists hence inferre [that the Scriptures are] not to be permitted to lay-people, in their Mother-tongue: abusing to this purpose the saying of Christ, Mat. 7. 6. as who say all Gods people were Dogges.

(b) as who should say: as if saying, as if one should say, as one may say, as much as to say. archaic.

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a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 8611 Ho turned hir ouer..as qua sulde sai I. knaw na harme.

1527 W. Tyndale Parable Wicked Mammon (1528) 36 If I preache (sayeth he) I haue nought to reioyse in, for necessyte is put vnto me, as who shulde say, god hathe made me so.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 45 Hee doth nothing but frowne (as who should say, & you will not haue me, choose..).

1661 R. L'Estrange Interest Mistaken 127 This is but another Alarm, as who should say; Look to your selves my Masters.

1718 S. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife i. ii. 9 They command Regard, as who should say, We are your Defenders.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xliv. 191 Mr. Dennis coughed and shook his head, as who should say, ‘A mystery indeed!’

1905 H. G. Wells Kipps ii. ix. §1 Sid beamed at Kipps, as who should say, ‘You don't meet a character like this every dinner-time’.

1935 Archit. Rev. 77 270/3 He straightened his back and gave me an old-fashioned look as who should say ‘And I dare you to laugh at me in your damn superior way, blast you.’

2001 S. Heaney Electric Light 28 Butter wouldn't melt in that smiler's mouth So I smile straight back, as who should say, ‘Good God, You know you're absolutely right.’

†(c) as who would say: as if saying, as if one should say, as one may say, as much as to say. Obsolete.

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?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew v. f. xxxvij They sayde to the Apostles: ye wolde brynge this mannes bloude vppon vs, as who wolde saye, we slue him not.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 74 Those which the Grecians call Irenophylaces, as who would saye, peacekeepers.

1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius i. i They all lookt wistly one on t'other, As who would say, 'twas true enough, but yet [etc.].

1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 19 He shall come..in Divine Majesty, as who would say, that when he Judges..He will show himself like God.

b. With other verbs (frequently followed by would or should). As or like one who. Hence (with loss of relative force): as if one. Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adverb] > as if or as though

asOE

as ifc1175

askancesc1350

as whoc1380

like asa1393

like1405

like as and1523

c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 123 Þei sellen Gods worde, as who schulde selle an oxe.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 39 Þauh he falle, he falleþ nat bote as ho fulle in a bote, Þat ay is saf and sounde.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4649 (MED) We erd noȝt in elementis as euirmare to duell, Bot as qua pas a pilgrymage fra Parysch to rome.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxxxiiii^v/2 He..pressyd her..bytwene foure greete stones, as who shold presse olyues.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. vii. 60 Sic wys as quha throw cluddy skyis saw.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 14 His courteous cariage and affabilitie: as who was readie to accept of petitions and requests.

1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence i. 2 The Tanner was the Worst of all Masters to his Cattle, as who would not onely load them soundly whilest living, but Tan their Hides when dead.

a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) x. 132 Every Man gladly would be Neighbour to a quiet Person, as who..doth afford all the pleasure of Conversation, without any..trouble.

1873 J. Morley Rousseau I. vi. 210 Such speech..was probably..a mere freak of the tongue,..as who should go to a masked ball in guise of Mephistopheles.

1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xi. 212 With his bow..in his hand and the arrow laid on the string, And peering round about him as who would loose at a thing.

†P2. but who: except (one, those) who, who..not. Obsolete.Now replaced by but what at what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 1a.

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1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 158 Should none arrive at Heaven but who had first arrived to a State of Perfection.., Heaven would be empty.

1757 Bp. W. Warburton Lett. (1809) 249 I don't meet with one but who singly says yes.

1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. i. i. 31 There is scarce a peasant but who has a chess-board and men.

P3. In interrogative use.

a. Forming clauses.

(a) who is who (also who's who): (chiefly in subordinate clauses) who is one and who is the other; who each of a number of people is, or what position each holds. Cf. what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 2b, which adj. and pron. Phrases 1b.

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a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2001 (MED) Noman wiste who was who Ne which was frend ne which was fo.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 380 She saugh hem bothe two But sikerly she nyste who was who.

1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 361^v/1 Neither knew I kirke ne saint Ne what was what, ne who was who.

1713 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 4 Jan. (1948) II. 596 I shewd the Bp..at Court who was who.

1860 E. Eden Semi-attached Couple ii Though she could not distinguish who was who, yet she had a right to say she had seen ‘the marquess’.

1902 E. Banks Autobiogr. Newspaper Girl 76 With the exception of those persons of art and letters who were celebrated in my own country as well as in England, I knew nothing of ‘who was who’ in London.

1961 R. Gover One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding 33 He don' know who. He say, Firs' time in any cathouse, how he sposed t'know who's who.

2013 C. Doctorow Homeland ix. 243 If you want to run more than a couple fake people at a time, you need good tools to help you keep track of who's who in your imaginary world.

†(b) who and who are (or who's) together: who is allied with whom; (sometimes also) who is engaged to whom. Obsolete.

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1679 J. W. Rochester Artesima to Cloe 3 You expect to hear at least, what Loves have past In this lewd Town; What Change hath hapned of Intrigues, and whether The old Ones last; or who and who's together.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical vi. 70 Let's..take a Trip into the Land of Marriage, and see Who and Who are together.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋3 A general Knowledge of who and who's together.

1720 Mrs. Bradshaw Let. Apr. in Countess of Suffolk Lett. (1824) I. 50 Pray let me hear a little how your court goes, who and who are together.

1840 C. G. Jenkins Miss Aylmer I. 254 There is nothing like a ball, or a party of pleasure for sifting matters right, for showing how people stand, and for telling who and who are together.

(c) who does what?: which person will do which task?; hence (as modifier) designating discussion about the allocation of roles, esp. a demarcation dispute about members of which trade union will do a certain job.

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1922 H. Walpole Cathedral ii. iii. 194 But who's going to decide who does what?.. We're not much in the sewing line.

1960 Guardian 13 Sept. 3/2 A who-does-what dispute between the Amalgamated Engineering Union and the Electrical Trades Union.

1962 Economist 13 Oct. 118/1 The squabble over who-does-what.

1992 Independent 8 July 19/5 To do this..will need careful career planning and a renegotiation of the ‘who does what’ element of the partnership contract.

2011 Atlantic Nov. 44/3 The American family circa 2011 is, after all, an acutely self-conscious and self-interrogating unit: How does one ‘parent?’ Who does what, which ‘role’?

(d) you and who else?: a contemptuous expression of incredulity, conveying scepticism about a person's ability to do some past or threatened deed, esp. of violence. Originally U.S.With quot. 1951 cf. oo pron.²

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1927 Life 13 Oct. 34/1 Hey! Whose feet ya walkin' on, huh? Yeah? Ya will? You and who else? For two cents I'll wrap ya around that lamp post.

1929 ‘E. Queen’ Roman Hat Myst. xviii. 260 ‘Forget, and I'll dip you into the East River.’ ‘You and who else?’ breathed Djuna.

1951 P. Branch Lion in Cellar iii. 38 ‘'Oo creased 'im?’ he asked... ‘I did,’ he said firmly... ‘You an' 'oo else?’ he jeered.

1971 A. Morice Murder in Married Life xiii. 124 Julian: ‘Then I'll throw you out.’ Murderer: ‘You and who else, ha ha.’

2019 J. Sealey If A Wicked Man 139 ‘No man talks to me like that, I'm going to do you, English man!’ he shouted at John. ‘You and who else?’ John said, turning around to face him.

b. With intensive additions, as in who the deuce, who the devil, who the dickens, who in the world, who on earth, etc.: see also the nouns.

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1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 743 Quha dewill thaim maid so galy for to ryd?

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 168 Certys, that boy shall dere aby... Shall he be kyng thus hastely? Who the dewill made hym knyght?

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ii. A iij Some therat dide murmure and..sayd: Who the deuyll hath sent for theym?

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. v. 229 Why, who the Devil are you?

a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) ii. 30 The family above..are a strange unaccountable tribe: Pray, who the deuce are they?

1847 A. S. Mayhew & H. Mayhew Greatest Plague of Life vii. 87 I wanted to ask her who the dickens she took me for.

a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) I. 255 Who upon earth could ever paint the bare sea?

1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 15/3 Why, it was just like a city shop—who in the world had started it here?

1982 P. Redmond Brookside (Mersey TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 1. 59 I don't know who the hell you are, Pal; or what your game is but carry on like this and I'll spread you all over that car.

2001 People (Sydney) 13 Aug. 16/2 This means some punters now know who the fuck she is.

c. Used as nouns or adjectives.

†(a) who not: any one whatever, any one and every one, all kinds of people (cf. sense A. 2 and what-not n. 1) Obsolete.

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a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D 2 Innumerable examples,..as Brutus, Alphonsus.., and who not.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 18 He was great with..Erasmus, Grocyn, Latimer, Tonstall, and who not.

†(b) who-say: a vague report, a rumour; (in quot. ?a1600) a pretended excuse. Obsolete (regional in later use).

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?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 379 Half way hameward vp the calsay, [He] Said to his servandis for a quha say: ‘Alace! the porter is foryett’.

1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 83 Whosay, or Hoosay, a wandering report; an observation of no weight.

†(c) who-do-you-think ( †who-dost-think), substituted for the name of a person to be guessed. Obsolete.

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1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 131 Heere stood I musing..Till Iockie wha dost thinke speard vp to me.

(d)

(i) God knows who, the Lord knows who, etc.: some person or people unknown, or of unknown origin, status, etc.; cf. sense A. 3.

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1704 D. Baillie Let. 8 Feb. in Acct. Proc. Privy Council Scotl. against D. Baillie 9 Some all Commendations and Services to the Lord knows who, to the Acquainted and Unacquainted.

1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 99 To throw herself away upon the Lord knows who.

1822 Ld. Byron Werner iv. i. 50 The country (nominally now at peace) Is over-run with—God knows who.

2007 G. Hurley One Under i. 17 Had the victim stumbled down this way, dragged by God knows who, maybe roped, maybe injured?

(ii) I don't know (also †I know not) who, etc.: some person or persons unknown, or of unknown origin, status, etc. (cf. sense A. 3).

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1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. v. 249 (note) St. Antonio on one side, and St. I know not who on the other.

1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 5 Mamma's father was a lord, and her mother I don't know who.

2005 S. Rushdie Shalimar the Clown 250 He just wants to kill everyone now... His wife, okay, that was a problem before, but now it's also the philandering ambassador, and the whole army, and I don't know who else.

(iii) colloquial. I don't know (also heaven knows, etc.) who all: various other unknown or unspecified people; cf. I don't know what all at what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 5a(a).

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1844 T. C. Haliburton Attaché 2nd Ser. II. i. 17 And then he'd go over a whole string—Mason, Mickle, Burns, and I don't know who all.

1877 Testimony Court Martial Captain Alexander Moore 14 I was present for one, and I think Lieut. Burke, and perhaps Lieut. Morton, Mr. Strahorn, and I don't know who all.

1932 D. Hammett Man called Spade in Nightmare Town (1999) 294 If I don't come across I've got to stand for riding from the captain, the chief, the newspapers, and heaven knows who all.

1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vii. 109 Without gettin' my ass shot off by the Border Patrol, the INS, Customs agents, and Christ knows who all else.

2012 E. M. Lorance & P. W. Floyd Out of Darkness into Light xv. 92 We were doing a television show one time with Arnold Williams, Dillard Parsley, and I don't know who all—just a big group of guys from State Farm.

†(e) who's-afraid: (as an adjectival phrase) defiant, swaggering. Obsolete.

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1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 437 A vagabondish who's-afraid sort of bearing.

1854 H. H. Riley Puddleford v. 75 Next came the sun-fish, jerking along, filled with fire and fury, with a kind of who's-afraid sort of look.

1915 G. B. Shaw in New Statesman 8 May 109/2 Nothing that I have read in Butler, or gathered from his conversation, conveys the very faintest suggestion of terror or of the ‘who’s afraid’ attitude.

d. says who?: see say v.¹ and int. Phrases 10g.

单词	as who
释义	> as lemmas as who Phrases P1. as who (in relative use). a. With the verb say. †(a) as who saith (also say). (i) Commenting on a preceding statement: that is to say, in other words, which is as much as to say that. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1521 ‘Eche lond,’ he seide, ‘is contray to the stronge. As ho saith, theȝ ȝe beo in strange contray ibroȝt, If ȝe beoth strong in Godes lawe, hit ne schal ȝou grevi noȝt.’ a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 127 Pilat answeride, Þat Y have writun, I have writun; as who seiþ, þis writing shal stonde. c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 213 I haue ouercomen the worlde, als who seye: And so schulle ȝe. c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 9 Walke before me, and be thou vpright, and I will make my couenant betweene me and thee. As who say, one condition..of the couenant is our vpright and good profession. (ii) Commenting on a preceding or following word or phrase: in a manner of speaking, as it were, you might say, as they say. Obsolete.In quot. a1400: in the manner of, as you might say. ΚΠ a1325 St. Patrick (Corpus Cambr.) l. 386 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 98 Þis seli gostes..quakede and clyuerede [read chyuerede] faste in drede & pine stronge And abide as wo seiþ hore tyme hore deþ forto auonge. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7046 Alle þat spake of syre Troyle Was skraped a-wey, as who sey oyle. c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) lxxvii Sodaynly, as quho sais at a thoght, It opnyt. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Thomas of Woodstock xiv To bridle the prince of a realme, Is euen (as who sayeth) to striue with the streame. (iii) Commenting on a preceding action: as if to say, as though saying. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 282 (MED) In tokene of þis chaffare, þei beggen after þat þei have prechid, as who seiþ, ȝyve me þi moneie, þat Y am worþi bi my preching. c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Envoy to Bukton (Fairf. 16) (1879) l. 4 Whan of Criste our kyng Was axed, what ys trouthe..He nat a worde answerde to that axinge As who saith, noo man is al trew I gesse. a1500 Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 745 (MED) The fyrst ymage hylde ouȝt his honde vn-to me, As who say, ‘Take þis Ryng of my Ȝyf.’ 1611 W. Sclater Key (1629) 14 Papists hence inferre [that the Scriptures are] not to be permitted to lay-people, in their Mother-tongue: abusing to this purpose the saying of Christ, Mat. 7. 6. as who say all Gods people were Dogges. (b) as who should say: as if saying, as if one should say, as one may say, as much as to say. archaic. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 8611 Ho turned hir ouer..as qua sulde sai I. knaw na harme. 1527 W. Tyndale Parable Wicked Mammon (1528) 36 If I preache (sayeth he) I haue nought to reioyse in, for necessyte is put vnto me, as who shulde say, god hathe made me so. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 45 Hee doth nothing but frowne (as who should say, & you will not haue me, choose..). View more context for this quotation 1661 R. L'Estrange Interest Mistaken 127 This is but another Alarm, as who should say; Look to your selves my Masters. 1718 S. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife i. ii. 9 They command Regard, as who should say, We are your Defenders. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xliv. 191 Mr. Dennis coughed and shook his head, as who should say, ‘A mystery indeed!’ 1905 H. G. Wells Kipps ii. ix. §1 Sid beamed at Kipps, as who should say, ‘You don't meet a character like this every dinner-time’. 1935 Archit. Rev. 77 270/3 He straightened his back and gave me an old-fashioned look as who should say ‘And I dare you to laugh at me in your damn superior way, blast you.’ 2001 S. Heaney Electric Light 28 Butter wouldn't melt in that smiler's mouth So I smile straight back, as who should say, ‘Good God, You know you're absolutely right.’ †(c) as who would say: as if saying, as if one should say, as one may say, as much as to say. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew v. f. xxxvij They sayde to the Apostles: ye wolde brynge this mannes bloude vppon vs, as who wolde saye, we slue him not. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 74 Those which the Grecians call Irenophylaces, as who would saye, peacekeepers. 1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius i. i They all lookt wistly one on t'other, As who would say, 'twas true enough, but yet [etc.]. 1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 19 He shall come..in Divine Majesty, as who would say, that when he Judges..He will show himself like God. b. With other verbs (frequently followed by would or should). As or like one who. Hence (with loss of relative force): as if one. Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adverb] > as if or as though asOE as ifc1175 askancesc1350 as whoc1380 like asa1393 like1405 like as and1523 c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 123 Þei sellen Gods worde, as who schulde selle an oxe. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 39 Þauh he falle, he falleþ nat bote as ho fulle in a bote, Þat ay is saf and sounde. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4649 (MED) We erd noȝt in elementis as euirmare to duell, Bot as qua pas a pilgrymage fra Parysch to rome. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxxxiiii^v/2 He..pressyd her..bytwene foure greete stones, as who shold presse olyues. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. vii. 60 Sic wys as quha throw cluddy skyis saw. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 14 His courteous cariage and affabilitie: as who was readie to accept of petitions and requests. 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence i. 2 The Tanner was the Worst of all Masters to his Cattle, as who would not onely load them soundly whilest living, but Tan their Hides when dead. a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) x. 132 Every Man gladly would be Neighbour to a quiet Person, as who..doth afford all the pleasure of Conversation, without any..trouble. 1873 J. Morley Rousseau I. vi. 210 Such speech..was probably..a mere freak of the tongue,..as who should go to a masked ball in guise of Mephistopheles. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xi. 212 With his bow..in his hand and the arrow laid on the string, And peering round about him as who would loose at a thing. †P2. but who: except (one, those) who, who..not. Obsolete.Now replaced by but what at what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 1a. ΚΠ 1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 158 Should none arrive at Heaven but who had first arrived to a State of Perfection.., Heaven would be empty. 1757 Bp. W. Warburton Lett. (1809) 249 I don't meet with one but who singly says yes. 1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. i. i. 31 There is scarce a peasant but who has a chess-board and men. P3. In interrogative use. a. Forming clauses. (a) who is who (also who's who): (chiefly in subordinate clauses) who is one and who is the other; who each of a number of people is, or what position each holds. Cf. what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 2b, which adj. and pron. Phrases 1b. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2001 (MED) Noman wiste who was who Ne which was frend ne which was fo. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 380 She saugh hem bothe two But sikerly she nyste who was who. 1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 361^v/1 Neither knew I kirke ne saint Ne what was what, ne who was who. 1713 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 4 Jan. (1948) II. 596 I shewd the Bp..at Court who was who. 1860 E. Eden Semi-attached Couple ii Though she could not distinguish who was who, yet she had a right to say she had seen ‘the marquess’. 1902 E. Banks Autobiogr. Newspaper Girl 76 With the exception of those persons of art and letters who were celebrated in my own country as well as in England, I knew nothing of ‘who was who’ in London. 1961 R. Gover One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding 33 He don' know who. He say, Firs' time in any cathouse, how he sposed t'know who's who. 2013 C. Doctorow Homeland ix. 243 If you want to run more than a couple fake people at a time, you need good tools to help you keep track of who's who in your imaginary world. †(b) who and who are (or who's) together: who is allied with whom; (sometimes also) who is engaged to whom. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1679 J. W. Rochester Artesima to Cloe 3 You expect to hear at least, what Loves have past In this lewd Town; What Change hath hapned of Intrigues, and whether The old Ones last; or who and who's together. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical vi. 70 Let's..take a Trip into the Land of Marriage, and see Who and Who are together. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋3 A general Knowledge of who and who's together. 1720 Mrs. Bradshaw Let. Apr. in Countess of Suffolk Lett. (1824) I. 50 Pray let me hear a little how your court goes, who and who are together. 1840 C. G. Jenkins Miss Aylmer I. 254 There is nothing like a ball, or a party of pleasure for sifting matters right, for showing how people stand, and for telling who and who are together. (c) who does what?: which person will do which task?; hence (as modifier) designating discussion about the allocation of roles, esp. a demarcation dispute about members of which trade union will do a certain job. ΚΠ 1922 H. Walpole Cathedral ii. iii. 194 But who's going to decide who does what?.. We're not much in the sewing line. 1960 Guardian 13 Sept. 3/2 A who-does-what dispute between the Amalgamated Engineering Union and the Electrical Trades Union. 1962 Economist 13 Oct. 118/1 The squabble over who-does-what. 1992 Independent 8 July 19/5 To do this..will need careful career planning and a renegotiation of the ‘who does what’ element of the partnership contract. 2011 Atlantic Nov. 44/3 The American family circa 2011 is, after all, an acutely self-conscious and self-interrogating unit: How does one ‘parent?’ Who does what, which ‘role’? (d) you and who else?: a contemptuous expression of incredulity, conveying scepticism about a person's ability to do some past or threatened deed, esp. of violence. Originally U.S.With quot. 1951 cf. oo pron.² ΚΠ 1927 Life 13 Oct. 34/1 Hey! Whose feet ya walkin' on, huh? Yeah? Ya will? You and who else? For two cents I'll wrap ya around that lamp post. 1929 ‘E. Queen’ Roman Hat Myst. xviii. 260 ‘Forget, and I'll dip you into the East River.’ ‘You and who else?’ breathed Djuna. 1951 P. Branch Lion in Cellar iii. 38 ‘'Oo creased 'im?’ he asked... ‘I did,’ he said firmly... ‘You an' 'oo else?’ he jeered. 1971 A. Morice Murder in Married Life xiii. 124 Julian: ‘Then I'll throw you out.’ Murderer: ‘You and who else, ha ha.’ 2019 J. Sealey If A Wicked Man 139 ‘No man talks to me like that, I'm going to do you, English man!’ he shouted at John. ‘You and who else?’ John said, turning around to face him. b. With intensive additions, as in who the deuce, who the devil, who the dickens, who in the world, who on earth, etc.: see also the nouns. ΚΠ 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 743 Quha dewill thaim maid so galy for to ryd? a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 168 Certys, that boy shall dere aby... Shall he be kyng thus hastely? Who the dewill made hym knyght? 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ii. A iij Some therat dide murmure and..sayd: Who the deuyll hath sent for theym? 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. v. 229 Why, who the Devil are you? View more context for this quotation a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) ii. 30 The family above..are a strange unaccountable tribe: Pray, who the deuce are they? 1847 A. S. Mayhew & H. Mayhew Greatest Plague of Life vii. 87 I wanted to ask her who the dickens she took me for. a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) I. 255 Who upon earth could ever paint the bare sea? 1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 15/3 Why, it was just like a city shop—who in the world had started it here? 1982 P. Redmond Brookside (Mersey TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 1. 59 I don't know who the hell you are, Pal; or what your game is but carry on like this and I'll spread you all over that car. 2001 People (Sydney) 13 Aug. 16/2 This means some punters now know who the fuck she is. c. Used as nouns or adjectives. †(a) who not: any one whatever, any one and every one, all kinds of people (cf. sense A. 2 and what-not n. 1) Obsolete. ΚΠ a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D 2 Innumerable examples,..as Brutus, Alphonsus.., and who not. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 18 He was great with..Erasmus, Grocyn, Latimer, Tonstall, and who not. †(b) who-say: a vague report, a rumour; (in quot. ?a1600) a pretended excuse. Obsolete (regional in later use). ΚΠ ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 379 Half way hameward vp the calsay, [He] Said to his servandis for a quha say: ‘Alace! the porter is foryett’. 1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 83 Whosay, or Hoosay, a wandering report; an observation of no weight. †(c) who-do-you-think ( †who-dost-think), substituted for the name of a person to be guessed. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 131 Heere stood I musing..Till Iockie wha dost thinke speard vp to me. (d) (i) God knows who, the Lord knows who, etc.: some person or people unknown, or of unknown origin, status, etc.; cf. sense A. 3. ΚΠ 1704 D. Baillie Let. 8 Feb. in Acct. Proc. Privy Council Scotl. against D. Baillie 9 Some all Commendations and Services to the Lord knows who, to the Acquainted and Unacquainted. 1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 99 To throw herself away upon the Lord knows who. 1822 Ld. Byron Werner iv. i. 50 The country (nominally now at peace) Is over-run with—God knows who. 2007 G. Hurley One Under i. 17 Had the victim stumbled down this way, dragged by God knows who, maybe roped, maybe injured? (ii) I don't know (also †I know not) who, etc.: some person or persons unknown, or of unknown origin, status, etc. (cf. sense A. 3). ΚΠ 1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. v. 249 (note) St. Antonio on one side, and St. I know not who on the other. 1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 5 Mamma's father was a lord, and her mother I don't know who. 2005 S. Rushdie Shalimar the Clown 250 He just wants to kill everyone now... His wife, okay, that was a problem before, but now it's also the philandering ambassador, and the whole army, and I don't know who else. (iii) colloquial. I don't know (also heaven knows, etc.) who all: various other unknown or unspecified people; cf. I don't know what all at what pron., adv., int., adj.¹, conj., and n. Phrases 5a(a). ΚΠ 1844 T. C. Haliburton Attaché 2nd Ser. II. i. 17 And then he'd go over a whole string—Mason, Mickle, Burns, and I don't know who all. 1877 Testimony Court Martial Captain Alexander Moore 14 I was present for one, and I think Lieut. Burke, and perhaps Lieut. Morton, Mr. Strahorn, and I don't know who all. 1932 D. Hammett Man called Spade in Nightmare Town (1999) 294 If I don't come across I've got to stand for riding from the captain, the chief, the newspapers, and heaven knows who all. 1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vii. 109 Without gettin' my ass shot off by the Border Patrol, the INS, Customs agents, and Christ knows who all else. 2012 E. M. Lorance & P. W. Floyd Out of Darkness into Light xv. 92 We were doing a television show one time with Arnold Williams, Dillard Parsley, and I don't know who all—just a big group of guys from State Farm. †(e) who's-afraid: (as an adjectival phrase) defiant, swaggering. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 437 A vagabondish who's-afraid sort of bearing. 1854 H. H. Riley Puddleford v. 75 Next came the sun-fish, jerking along, filled with fire and fury, with a kind of who's-afraid sort of look. 1915 G. B. Shaw in New Statesman 8 May 109/2 Nothing that I have read in Butler, or gathered from his conversation, conveys the very faintest suggestion of terror or of the ‘who’s afraid’ attitude. d. says who?: see say v.¹ and int. Phrases 10g. extracted from whopron.n. < as lemmas
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