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单词 ill
释义

illadj.n.

Brit. /ɪl/, U.S. /ɪl/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s ille, (Middle English ile, hil(l, hyl), Middle English–1500s yll(e, yl, (1500s nyll), Middle English–1600s il, (Middle English el, 1500s yle).
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse illr.
Etymology: Early Middle English ill , < Old Norse illr ill, bad, wicked, difficult, injurious, etc. Ulterior etymology unknown; not related to Old English yfel , evil adj.As an adjective, ill is now much less used in general English than as an adverb, and survives chiefly in certain connections, as ill health, ill humour, ill temper, ill success; as an adverb (the opposite of well), it is, in certain constructions, regularly hyphenated to the word which it qualifies, e.g. ill-advised, ill-bred, ill-conditioned, ill-spelt, etc.: in imitation of these, apparently, and from the feeling that it is not a general adjective, but one that goes only with particular substantives, the adjective is also often hyphenated to its noun, as in ill-humour, ill-will, etc.; but this is quite unnecessary; ill humour stands to ill-humoured just as grey hair to grey-haired. Although ill is not etymologically related to evil, the two words have from the 12th cent. been synonymous, and ill has been often viewed as a mere variant or reduced form of evil. This especially in Scots, where v between two vowels early disappeared, and devil, even, Levenax, preve, shovel, Steven, became deil, ein, Lennox, pree, shool, Steen, so that evil might have become eil; hence, in 15–16th cent. Scots, euil, euyl is found often written where ill was the word pronounced: e.g. ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 63 Be ȝe ane tratlar, that I hald als ewill [rhymes will, still].1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iv. f. 54 And take the best, and set on syde all euill [rhymes till, will, fulfill].c1662 Epitaph in Churchyard, St. Andrews Cathedral (Fife) in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 1935–6 (1936) 70 61 The svord doeth often kill..This svord doeth no svch eivell.
A. adj.
1. Morally evil; wicked, iniquitous, depraved, vicious, immoral, blameworthy, reprehensible.
a. Of persons. Obsolete exc. dialect. Common in Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil person > [adjective]
unseelyOE
illa1200
unwrast?c1225
wrackc1375
wronga1382
viciousc1386
naughtyc1460
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [adjective]
illa1200
thewlessa1327
unrightyc1350
wronga1382
noughtc1400
unhonestc1422
ill-disposedc1460
naughtyc1460
thowless1487
misaffectionate1533
naught1550
ill-conditioned1614
uncharactered1841
a1200 Moral Ode 74 in Cott. Hom. 165 Lutel lac is gode lof þet kumeð of gode wille And ec-lete muchel ȝeue of þan þe herte is ille.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6141 Þe gude sal be sette on his right hand, And þe ille on his lefte syde sal stand.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 886 Qui did þu þus, þu ille womman?
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 169 More deppyr in the turmentis of helle shall bene the ille Prynces, than the ill subiectes.
1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. 31 A very ill man, being justly excommunicat.
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 513 They hurry him from one ill company to another.
1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War i. iii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 696 The calumnies which ill men..contrived.
1813 J. Hogg Witch of Fife 1 Quhair haif ye been, ye ill womyne, These three lang nightis fra hame?
1861 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem III. clvii. 165 Let us hope that while there are ill ministers, there shall be no lack of unpalatable truth.
1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xiii. 103 Takin' up wi' ill loons like Sandy Forbes.
1871 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 493 In Texas, the word ill has the..signification of ‘immoral’; and ‘an ill fellow’ means ‘a man of bad habits’.
b. Of conduct or actions. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective]
woughc888
litherc893
frakeda900
sinnyc950
unrighteouseOE
baleOE
manOE
unfeleOE
ungoodc1000
unwrasta1122
illc1175
nithec1175
wickc1175
hinderfulc1200
quedec1275
wickedc1275
wondlichc1275
unkindc1325
badc1330
divers1340
wrakefula1350
felonousc1374
flagitiousc1384
lewdc1386
noughta1387
ungoodly1390
unquertc1390
diverse1393
felona1400
imperfectc1400
unfairc1400
unfinec1400
unblesseda1425
meschant?c1450
naughtyc1460
feculent1471
sinister1474
noughty?1490
ill-deedya1500
pernicious?1533
scelerous1534
naught1536
goodlyc1560
nefarious1567
iron1574
felly1583
paganish1587
improbate1596
malefactious1607
villain1607
infand1608
scelestious1609
illful1613
scelestic1628
inimicitious1641
infandous1645
iniquous1655
improbous1657
malefactory1667
perta1704
iniquitous1726
unracy1782
unredeemed1799
demoralized1800
fetid1805
scarlet1820
gammy1832
nefast1849
disvaluable1942
badass1955
bad-assed1962
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > specifically of actions, thoughts, etc.
illc1175
unholyc1384
unhallowed1591
viperous1850
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6647 Þatt mann iss fox..& full off ille wiless.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 42 Alle oure dedis, Both gode and ille.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxixv To amende and chaung his yll life.
1701 Acct. Life in T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) sig. a2 Creating..a Horrour for what is Base and Ill.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 50 Ill or mischievous Actions should be punished.
1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. II. i. 50 [Barrow] Correct your own ill habits.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 307 Many tales..Of the ill deeds our fathers used to do.
c. Of estimation, repute, opinion, or name: Such as imputes or implies evil in the person or thing referred to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > [adjective]
evilc1330
shrewdc1384
ill1483
1483 Cath. Angl. 195/1 An ille fame, jnfamia.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. Iii He that hath an yll name, is halfe hangd.
a1547 in F. J. Furnivall Capt. Cox (1871) p. cxxx Haue ye..slaunderd any man or woman, & browght them in a nyll name?
1640–4 Ld. Finch in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 124 That ill opinion which may perhaps be conceived of me.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. iii. 56 Prone to put an ill Sense upon the Actions of their Neighbours.
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. vii. 290 At a house of ill report, where she formerly had kept a milliner's shop.
1871 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David II. Ps. xxxvii. 6 The darkness of his sorrow and his ill-repute shall both flee away.
2.
a. Marked by evil intent, or by want of good feeling; malevolent, hostile, unfriendly, adverse, unkind, harsh, cruel. (See also ill blood n., ill-treatment n., ill will n.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adjective]
hateleOE
swartOE
ill-willinga1300
illc1330
ill-willeda1340
evil-willya1382
hatefula1400
malignc1429
malicea1500
maltalentivea1500
ill-willy15..
malevolent1509
malevolous1531
ill asposit1535
ill-givena1568
stomaching1579
malignant1592
gall-ful1596
gall-wet1597
ill-affecteda1599
unpleasant1603
evil-affected1611
gallsome1633
ill-meaning1633
ill-natured1645
unbenign1651
sullen1676
unbenevolent1694
reptilian1855
unbenignant1856
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adjective]
hateleOE
balefulOE
swartOE
hatelyOE
ill-willinga1300
illc1330
ill-willeda1340
evil-willya1382
hatefula1400
malignc1429
malicea1500
maltalentivea1500
malevolent1509
malevolous1531
fiendisha1535
ill asposit1535
ill-givena1568
malignant1592
ill-affecteda1599
unpleasant1603
manless?1609
evil-affected1611
ill-willy1611
ill-meaning1633
ill-natured1645
swarthy1651
unbenign1651
reptile1653
sullen1676
maligning1687
unbenevolent1694
reptilian1855
unbenignant1856
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3960 Wyþ schrewes he dide hem many yl pul.
c1360 Ipotis 285 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 344 Adam onswerde wordes ille.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxiiv Reuilyng hym with suche yll wordes, and so shamful termes.
1640–4 Ld. Finch in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 124 Ill office I never did to any of the House.
1680 W. Allen Perswasive to Peace & Unity (ed. 2) 27 To forbear all hard speeches, and ill reflexions on them that differ from them.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) ‘He's very ill to his wife.’
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. iv. 104 Ill tongues shall wound me.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. xiv. 458 In spite of the ill offices of the Jesuits.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 395 The ill-feeling against the foreign residents.
b. Of an animal: Of evil disposition; fierce, savage, vicious. Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by nature > [adjective] > wild or vicious
wildc725
wrothOE
keenOE
ramagec1300
fell?c1335
furiousc1374
fierce1377
ramageousa1398
eagerc1405
savage1447
naughtyc1460
criminal1477
ill1480
shrewd1509
mankind1519
roidc1540
mad1565
horn-mad1579
fierceful1607
man-keen1607
indomite1617
fellish1638
ferocious1646
ferousa1652
ferinea1676
kwaai1827
skelm1827
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxxvi. 162 The forsayd dragon shold be ladde by an ylle grehounde.
1574 T. Hill Ord. Bees ix The fierce bees are very ill.
1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Ill, vicious,..common in Texas; as, ‘Is your dog ill?’ meaning, is he vicious?
1888 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 1 161 The negro..says a horse that is cross, or threatens harm, is ill, though in excellent health.
3.
a. Doing or tending to do harm; hurtful, injurious, pernicious, noxious, mischievous, prejudicial; dangerous. Prov. ill weeds grow apace.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective]
litherc893
scathefulc900
balefulOE
orneOE
teenfulOE
evilc1175
venomousc1290
scathela1300
prejudiciala1325
fell?c1335
harmfula1340
grievous1340
ill1340
wicked1340
noisomea1382
venomed1382
noyfulc1384
damageousc1386
mischievousc1390
unwholesomea1400
undisposingc1400
damnablec1420
prejudiciable1429
contagiousc1440
damagefulc1449
pestiferous1458
damageable1474
pestilent?a1475
nuisable1483
nocible1490
nuisible1490
nuisant1494
noxiousa1500
nocent?c1500
pestilential1531
tortious1532
pestilentious1533
nocive1538
offensivea1548
vitiating1547
dangerous1548
offending1552
dispendious1557
injurious1559
offensible1575
offensant1578
baneful1579
incommodious1579
prejudicious1579
prejudical1595
inimicous1598
damnifiable1604
taking1608
obnoxious1612
nocivousc1616
mischieving1621
nocuous1627
nocumentous1644
disserviceable1645
inimical1645
detrimentous1648
injuring1651
detrimental1656
inimicitial1656
nocumental1657
incommodous1677
fatal1681
inimic1696
nociferous1706
damnific1727
inimicable1805
violational1821
insalutary1836
detrimentary1841
wronging1845
unsalvatory1850
damaging1856
damnous1870
wack1986
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious
litherc893
scathefulc900
orneOE
teenfulOE
atterlichc1050
evilc1175
wicka1250
scathela1300
deringa1325
unkindc1330
harmfula1340
ill1340
wicked1340
shrewdc1380
noisomea1382
venomed1382
noyfulc1384
damageousc1386
infectivea1398
unwholesomea1400
annoying?c1400
mischievous1414
damnablec1420
contagiousc1430
mischievable?a1439
damagefulc1449
damageable1474
unhappy1474
nuisable1483
nocible1490
nuisible1490
nuisant1494
noxiousa1500
nocent?c1500
hurtful1526
sinistral1534
nocive1538
offendent1547
offensivea1548
dangerous1548
naughtya1555
dispendious1557
offensible1575
wrackful1578
baneful1579
hindersome1580
scandalizing1593
damnifiable1604
taking1608
toadish1611
illful1613
nocivousc1616
mischieving1621
nocuous1627
obnoxious1638
nocumentous1644
vicious1656
nocumental1657
abnoxious1680
dungeonable1691
offending1694
hurtsomea1699
nociferous1706
sinister1726
damnific1727
hazardous1748
slaughtering1811
damaging1856
damnous1870
lethal1942
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 157 Addrus and ypotamus, and oþure ille wormus.
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 203 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 310 Þare he saw sawyne il seide.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiv The thistyll is an yll wede.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. x. sig. Civv Ill weed growth fast.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 100 Prawnes..I told thee they were ill for a greene wound. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. i. 107 There's some ill Planet raignes. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1669 (1955) III. 532 Unlesse it be suppress'd, will be of ill consequence.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxiv. 124 Doubt and Death, Ill brethren. View more context for this quotation
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. v. 60 The good or ill result.
†b. Unwholesome, injurious to health. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > insalubrity > [adjective]
evilc1000
unsete1387
pestilenta1398
pestilentiala1398
unhealfulc1400
unthendec1425
unsetyc1440
unwholesomec1455
ill1488
pestifere1490
contagious1495
infectious1534
pestiferous1538
unhealthsome1544
unkindlyc1570
deletery1576
deleterious1587
bad1589
unhealthful1598
unsound1598
unhealthy1600
sickly1604
deleterial1621
tetrous1637
insalubrious1638
unseasoned1638
cankered1645
healthless1650
insalutary1694
maliferous1727
insanous1742
unsalubrious1781
unsanitary1872
insanitary1874
devitalizing1875
antihygienic1876
unhygienic1883
unhealthy-looking1890
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 155 Ill meyt and drynk thai gert on-till hym giff.
1640 F. Quarles Enchyridion iv. 55 Ill diet may hasten them unto their journey's end.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 5 Dead by immoderate Labour, and ill Food.
4. Causing pain, discomfort, or inconvenience: offensive, painful, disagreeable, objectionable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [adjective] > unpleasant
loatha700
unsweetc890
grimlyc893
unquemeOE
un-i-quemeOE
evila1131
sourc1175
illc1220
unhightlyc1275
unwelcomec1325
unblithec1330
unnetc1330
unrekena1350
unagreeablec1374
uncouthc1380
unsavouryc1380
displeasantc1386
unlikinga1398
ungaina1400
crabbedc1400
unlovelyc1400
displeasing1401
eschewc1420
unsoot1420
mislikinga1425
unlikelya1425
unlustya1425
fastidiousc1425
unpleasantc1430
displicable1471
unthankfulc1475
displeasant1481
uneasy1483
unpleasinga1500
unfaring1513
badc1530
malpleasant?1533
noisome1542
thanklessa1547
ungrate1548
untoothsome1548
ungreeable1550
contrary1561
disagreeable1570
offensible1575
offensive1576
naughty1578
delightlessa1586
undelightful1585
unwisheda1586
unpleasurable1587
undelightsomec1595
dislikeful1596
disliking1596
ungrateful1596
unsweet?a1600
distastive1600
impleasing1602
distasting1603
distasteful1607
unsightly1608
undelectable1610
disgustful1611
unrelishing1611
waspisha1616
undeliciousa1618
unwished-for1617
disrelishing1631
unenjoyed1643
unjoyous1645
mirya1652
unwelcomed1651
unpleasivea1656
sweet1656
injucund1657
insuave1657
unpalatable1658
unhandsome1660
undesirable1667
disrelishablea1670
uncouthsome1684
shocking1703
nasty1705
embittering1746
indelectable1751
undelightinga1774
nice and ——1796
unenjoyablea1797
ungenial1796
uncomplacent1805
ungracious1807
bitter1810
rotten1813
uncongenial1813
quarrelsome1825
grimy1833
nice1836
unrelished1863
bloody1867
unbewitching1876
ferocious1877
displeasurable1879
rebarbative1892
charming1893
crook1898
naar1900
peppery1901
negative1902
poisonous1906
off-putting1935
unsympathetic1937
piggy1942
funky1946
umpty1948
pooey1967
minging1970
Scrooge-like1976
sucky1984
stank1991
stanky1991
c1220 Bestiary 526 Wiles ðar [? ðat] weder is so ille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 16774 [Þ]at bitter drinc..He tasted it, bot..it was selcuth ill.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 79 Ill dremes and fantasies.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cliiiv Great raine and yll wether.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms xxxiii. 22 The death of sinners is verie il.
1654 F. W. Observ. in Fulke's Meteors (new ed.) 174 Copper..giveth no ill taste or smell to meat boyled in it.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 36 If it be but a little ill Weather.
1860 C. M. Yonge Cameos lv, in Monthly Packet Jan. 9 A knight riding up to him, told him he would die an ill death.
1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 185 They fell into ill weather which destroyed their vessel.
5. Of conditions, fortune, etc.: Miserable, wretched, unfortunate, unlucky; disastrous, unfavourable, untoward, unpropitious. Prov. it's an ill wind that blows nobody good.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > attended by or causing affliction
eileOE
soreOE
unselec1050
evilc1175
derfa1225
stourc1275
feeble1297
illa1325
fella1400
unhappya1400
unwealful1412
importunea1425
noisomea1450
shrewd1482
importunable?c1485
importunate1490
funestal1538
nippingc1550
troublesome1552
pinching1563
grievesome1568
afflicting1573
afflictive1576
pressing1591
lacerating1609
funest1636
funestous1641
gravaminous1659
unkind1682
plightful1721
damning1798
acanthocladous1858
damnatory1858
fraught1966
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4038 Quuo-so wile cursing maken, Ille cursing sal him taken.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii* Ane gude chance or ane ill.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. L An yll wynde, that blowth no man to good, men saie.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Ff4v I go blindfold, whither the course of my ill happe caries me.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. iii. 11 Woe vnto the wicked, it shall be ill with him. View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 98 It was his ill fate, to be a sleepe, as old Abbas was going a hunting.
1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiv. 176 Ill fortune led Ulysses to our isle.
1771 E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses Salisbury Ballad 21 (note) The Church..was founded in an Ill-hour..for the Steeple was burnt down by lightening, the day after 'twas finished.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar vii. 61 Choosing an ill moment for a revolution.
6. Difficult, troublesome, hard. (Usually with dative infinitive, as ‘ill to please’.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective]
arvethc885
uneathOE
arvethlichc1000
evilc1175
hardc1175
deara1225
derfa1225
illc1330
wickeda1375
uneasy1398
difficul?a1450
difficile?1473
difficulta1527
unready1535
craggy1582
spiny1604
tough1619
uphill1622
shrewda1626
spinousa1638
scabrous1646
spinose1660
rugged1663
cranka1745
tight1764
thraward1818
nasty1828
upstream1847
awkward1860
pricklyc1862
bristling1871
sticky1871
rocky1873
dodgy1898
challengeful1927
solid1943
ball-busting1944
challenging1975
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 181 Þat castelle was fulle strong, & ille for to wynne.
1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 2 I passyd an ill mountayne all a lone.
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Pvv Epimedum..is strange and yll to fynde.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. i. sig. B4v A defeate, where the conquered kept both field and spoile: a shipwrack without storme or ill footing.
1647 J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva i. iv. 22 By reason of the Moat, the accesse was ill to it.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 135 The Country dos not much molest the Travelor with dirt and ill way.
1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 57 He was not ill to please.
1838 M. F. Tupper Beauty in Proverb. Philos. (ed. 9) 308 Beauty is intangible, vague, ill to be defined.
7.
a. In privative sense: Not good; of deficient or inferior quality or condition; of little or no worth; defective, poor, imperfect, unsatisfactory, not up to the standard; faulty, erroneous; (of an agent or his work) unskilful, inexpert (at), inefficient.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]
evil971
lowc1175
poor?c1225
feeblec1275
vilea1300
petty1372
unthende1377
secondary1386
petitc1390
unmeeta1393
illa1400
commonc1400
coarse1424
indigent1426
unlikelyc1450
lesser1464
gross1474
naughty1526
inferior1531
reprobate?1545
slender1577
unlikely1578
puny1579
under1580
wooden1592
sordid1596
puisne1598
provant1601
subministrant1604
inferious1607
sublunary1624
indifferent1638
undermatched1642
unworthy1646
underly1648
turncoated1650
female1652
undergraduate1655
farandinical1675
baddishc1736
ungenerous1745
understrapping1762
tinnified1794
demi-semi1805
shabby1805
dicky1819
poor white1821
tin-pot1838
deterior1848
substandard1850
crumby1859
cheesy1863
po'1866
not-quite1867
rocky1873
mouldy1876
low-grade1878
sketchy1878
midget1879
junky1880
ullaged1892
abysmal1904
bodgie1905
junk1908
crap1936
ropy1941
bodger1945
two-star1951
tripey1955
manky1958
schlocky1960
cack1978
wank1991
bowf1994
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > unskilled in art or craft > specifically of worker or work
illa1400
evil1530
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21805 Þis tale, queþer it be il or gode, I fand it written o þe rode.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiv. 64 A full ill land and sandy and lytill fruyt berand.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. xvi I am an ylle clymber and the tree is passynge hyghe.
1568 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 252 Ane browstar swoir, #‘The malt wes ill’.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. ii. 6 Tis an ill Cooke cannot licke his owne fingers.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 120 I am ill at these numbers, I haue not art to recken my grones. View more context for this quotation
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler Ep. Ded. 1 I have made so ill use of your former favors. View more context for this quotation
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iv. 50 So ill an Ear for Musick.
1782 Abbé Mann Let. 25 Nov. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 423 He has the ill-taste to prefer London to Paris.
1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 62 The declaration was ill, in not alledging [etc.].
1833 C. Lamb Wedding in Last Ess. Elia I am ill at describing female apparel.
1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art (1875) i. 3 The first shoots of it enfeebled by ill gardening.
b. Of manners or behaviour: Not up to the standard of propriety; improper.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > unfittingness > [adjective]
unbecomelyc1200
uncomelyc1230
unsetec1325
unconablea1340
unhonestc1380
unsitting1390
undue1398
ungainanda1400
disconvenienta1425
unjustc1443
unconvenient1450
unsoundablec1450
inconvenientc1460
unorderly1471
mis-seeminga1522
unconvenable1542
undecent1546
ungreeing1560
graceless1562
unsetting1567
unhovable1570
ill1586
uncouth1589
unfittinga1592
unbeseeming1593
seemless1596
unbecoming1598
unbefitting1598
ill-seta1627
unbeseemly1648
ungainlya1660
indecorous1681
paw-paw1723
ungain-like1796
jive1971
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > improper
unjustc1443
graceless1562
ill1586
ugly1594
incorrect1672
paw-paw1723
improper1739
unproper1797
pah1835
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. D2 We rebuke the ill demeanours of oure Children.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 148 Ol. What manner of man? Mal. Of verie ill manner: hee'l speake with you, will you, or no. View more context for this quotation
1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. iii. 54 in Church-hist. Brit. Ill Manners occasion good Laws, as the Handsome Children of Ugly Parents.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 32 My host seems to think it ill manners to leave me alone.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 12 I shall have to praise myself, which would be ill manners.
8.
a. Of health or bodily condition: Unsound, disordered. Hence, of persons (formerly, also, of parts of the body): Out of health, sick, indisposed, not well; almost always used predicatively.
(The prevailing modern sense.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased
untrumc825
sickc888
unwholec888
slackc897
unstronga900
sicklea1000
sam-halea1023
worseOE
attaint1303
languishinga1325
heallessc1374
sicklyc1374
sicklewa1387
bada1393
mishalea1400
languoring?c1425
distempered1440
unwell?c1450
detent?a1475
poora1475
languorousc1475
maladif1481
illa1500
maladiousc1500
wanthriven1508
attainted1509
unsound1513
acrazed1521
cracked1527
unsoundya1529
visited1537
infirmed1552
crazed1555
healthless1568
ill-liking1572
afflicted1574
crazy1576
unhealthful1580
sickish1581
valetudinary1581
not well1587
fainty1590
ill-disposed1596
unhealthsome1598
tainted1600
ill-affected1604
peaking1611
unhealthy1611
infirmited1616
disaffected1626
physical1633
illish1637
pimping1640
invalid1642
misaffected1645
valetudinarious1648
unhale1653
badly1654
unwholesome1655
valetudinous1655
morbulent1656
off the hooksa1658
mawkish1668
morbid1668
unthriven1680
unsane1690
ailing1716
not wellish1737
underlya1742
poorly1750
indifferent1753
comical1755
maladized1790
sober1808
sickened1815
broken-down1816
peaky1821
poorlyish1827
souffrante1827
run-down1831
sicklied1835
addle1844
shaky1844
mean1845
dauncy1846
stricken1846
peakyish1853
po'ly1860
pindling1861
rough1882
rocky1883
suffering1885
wabbit1895
icky-boo1920
like death warmed up1924
icky1938
ropy1945
crappy1956
hanging1971
sick as a parrot1982
shite1987
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 136 Bot a sekenes I feyll That haldys me full haytt... Therfor Full sore am I and yll.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 168 I..am yet as il almost as ever I was..But as soone as I shal recoover mi helth [etc.].
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iv. 48 By my troth I am exceeding ill, hey ho. View more context for this quotation
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 346 Th' il-habitude [turneth] into the Dropsie chill.
1628 J. Winthrop Let. 7 Apr. in Hist. New Eng. (1853) I. 420 My hand is so ill as I know not when I shall be able to travel.
1637 T. Brian Pisse-prophet viii. 68 Whereas he..before..was sicke but a little in jest, he feeles himselfe iller already with this message.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 23 May (1970) I. 154 My eye was very red and ill in the morning.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 227 There was one little Child ill of the Small-pox.
1698 J. Locke Let. 6 Apr. in H. R. F. Bourne Life J. Locke (1876) II. 464 As for writing, my ill-health gives me little heart or opportunity for it.
1712 W. Rogers Cruising Voy. 160 Another lying dangerously ill.
1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 380 I..could get no other account from her, than that ‘she was ill all over’.
1843 C. Scudamore Med. Visit Gräfenberg 50 One month after this attack, he was taken ill in a similar way.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. xii. 256 Children are well and ill in a day.
1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. 33 Prolonged ill-health.
1896 M. Dickens My Father iii. 66 A solemn clergyman..summoned to administer consolation to a very ill man.
b. = sick adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [adjective] > affected by nausea > of person
squeamishc1450
qualmish1548
wamble-cropped1552
wamble-stomached1552
qualming1576
queasy1579
queasy-stomached1579
kecklish1601
keckish1603
nauseous1613
nauseative1620
sick1631
sick at (or to, in) the stomach1653
vomiturient1666
sick as a horse1705
qualmyish1831
squeamy1838
qualmy1846
queachy1859
squalmish1867
wambly1872
ill1928
naar1969
sick as a parrot1979
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station 244 Before they could be attended they were given too much food and were violently ill as a result.
1929 A. Conan Doyle Maracot Deep 153 The sight was so horrifying that we were all ill.
B. n. [absolute use of the adjective.]
1. Evil, in the widest sense (= evil n.1 1a); the opposite of good. (Now chiefly in antithesis with good.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] > in widest sense
illa1300
evil1382
a1300 Cursor Mundi 939 Bath þe god and il knauand.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1615 Wa till yhow þat says with will Þat ille es gud and gud es ill.
a1400–50 Alexander 4216 Þat we cuthe any-gates gesse betwyx gud and ill.
a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. C4 Great Good must have as great Ill opposite.
1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 109 What makes all Physical or Moral Ill?
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam liii. 76 Oh yet we trust that somehow good Will be the final goal of ill . View more context for this quotation
2.
a. Moral evil, depravity, wickedness, iniquity, sin, wrongdoing. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun]
woughc888
naughteOE
manOE
evilness1000
fakenOE
witherfulnessc1200
lithera1225
villainy?c1225
lithernessa1240
unwrastshipa1250
felonyc1290
shrewheadc1290
litherhead1297
illa1300
wicknessa1300
follyc1300
iniquity13..
shrewdom13..
wickhedec1305
shrewdheadc1315
shrewdnessc1315
unwrastnessc1315
wickednessa1340
malicea1382
unequityc1384
lewdnessa1387
mischiefa1387
wickedleka1400
wickedredea1400
badnessc1400
shrewdshipc1400
shrewnessc1425
ungoodlihead1430
wickdomc1440
rudenessc1451
mauvasty1474
unkindliness1488
noughtinessa1500
perversenessa1500
illnessc1500
filthiness?1504
noisomeness1506
naughtiness?1529
noughtihoodc1540
inexcellence1590
improbity1593
flagition1598
meschancy1609
scelerateness1613
pravity1620
meschantnessa1630
flagitiousness1692
flagitiosity1727
nefariousness1727
bale-fire1855
ill-conditionedness1866
iniquitousness1870
society > morality > moral evil > [noun]
evilc1040
darknessOE
lithera1225
illa1300
illnessc1500
a1300 Cursor Mundi 501 Þai mai neuermar held til il.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 8 Mon..has fre choys,..Weder he wyl do good or ylle.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 800 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 52 In yll þe tyrand had sic Ioy.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David v. ii Thou hatest all whose workes in ill are plac'd.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §lii Those men, which will ever bee eyther doing nothing, or ill.
1694 T. Ken Morning & Evening-Hymn in New-Year's Gift 113 Forgive me, Lord, for Thy dear Son, The Ills which I this Day have done.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 79. ⁋9 Many People call themselves Virtuous, from no other Pretence to it but an Absence of Ill.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. vi. 215 Strange natures made a brotherhood of ill.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. vi. 215 Each one the other thus from ill to ill did lure.
†b. A wicked or sinful act, a misdeed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > wrongful deed > [noun]
misdeedeOE
guilt971
evilOE
follya1275
trespassc1290
errorc1330
illa1340
untetchea1375
offencec1384
crimec1390
forfeit1393
faultc1400
demerit1485
disorder1581
misfeasancea1626
misactiona1667
trespassage1874
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > an evil deed
misdeedeOE
murderOE
harmOE
un-i-selthlOE
ungooda1250
wickednessa1325
illa1340
untetchea1375
villainy1377
wretchednessc1380
misdoingc1460
malefice1591
turpitude1597
meschantery1634
misactiona1667
naughtiness1789
wrongdoing1874
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 3 Pride..is rote of all illes.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 577 Alle illez he hates as helle þat stynkkez; But non nuyez hym..As harlottrye vnhonest.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Gg.ivv To chastyse vs for our ylles.
?a1603 E. Grymeston Miscelanea (1604) sig. G If thou sinne offrings hadst desired..How gladly those for all my illes, I would haue yeelded thee!
1675 T. Otway Alcibiades iv. i. 32 And set her ills off with a winning dress.
1741 E. Montagu Let. I. 271 Who does an ill receives a punishment.
3.
†a. Hostile, malevolent, or unfriendly feeling, ill will: in in ill, etc.; to take (a thing) in (at, to) ill = to take it ill, take offence at it. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [noun]
evil willc897
leth971
loathc1175
atterness?c1225
ill1303
maltalentc1330
ill-willingnessa1340
talenta1380
malignityc1390
ill willa1400
fellnessc1410
malevolencec1454
malignation?c1500
hatefulness1548
malignance1605
malevolency1635
malignancy1640
reptilism1821
fiendism1852
unbenignity1867
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun]
unthankc893
witherwardnessc897
witherOE
wrakea1023
ungrithlOE
feythhed1297
grill13..
ill1303
unfriendshipa1340
enmity?a1400
feuda1400
despitec1400
unkindnessc1400
ingratitude1477
barrace1488
disfriendship1493
hostility1531
dislovea1533
adversation1543
diskindness1596
disaffection1599
ill blood1624
disaffectedness1625
inimicalness1651
unfriendlinessa1684
animus1795
inimicality1797
virus1866
negativism1977
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [noun]
evil willc897
leth971
loathc1175
atterness?c1225
ill1303
maltalentc1330
ill-willingnessa1340
talenta1380
malignityc1390
ill willa1400
with hard (also sorry) gracec1405
malevolencec1454
malignation?c1500
malignitiesa1529
hatefulness1548
malignance1605
fiendishness1613
malevolency1635
malignancy1640
fellness1678
malevolentness1727
malignantness1727
reptilism1821
unbenignity1867
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5660 Ȝyt ȝaue he hyt with no gode wylle, But kast hyt aftyr hym with ylle.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 25 Whan Alfrid & Gunter had werred long in ille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 21898 Againe him we were in il.
a1400 Octavian 1152 Syr, take hyt not yn ylle.
c1430 Syr Gener. 7447 I besech you take it not at yl.
a1440 Sir Degrev. 442 Y pray yow take hit not to ille.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 248 Tak it nocht in ill.
b. In reference to opinion or the expression of it: Something blameful, unfavourable, unfriendly, or injurious. (Perhaps originally the adverb: cf. ill adv. 2b.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > [noun] > source of discredit or discrediting circumstance
villainyc1340
slander1390
ill1414
reproachc1450
opprobry1534
dispraise1535
slanderer1558
obloquy1589
disreputation1609
reflection1622
1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms 18 Ne with here tungys blemysch my name, And speke me ille.
1569 J. Rogers Glasse Godly Love 184 Not once one to hear yl of another.
1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. ix. 257 Many began now to speak ill of him.
1778 F. Burney Jrnl. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 76 I will allow no man to speak ill of [him]..that he does not deserve.
1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon I. 177 Plumer knew no ill of him.
1899 N.E.D. at Ill Mod. I can think no ill of him.
4. Evil as caused or inflicted; harm, injury, mischief.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun]
burstc1000
harmOE
scatheOE
teenOE
evil healc1175
waningc1175
hurt?c1225
quede?c1225
balec1275
damage1300
follyc1300
grill13..
ungain13..
torferc1325
eviltyc1330
wem1338
impairment1340
marring1357
unhend1377
sorrowc1380
pairingc1384
pairmentc1384
mischiefc1385
offencec1385
appairment1388
hindering1390
noyinga1398
bresta1400
envya1400
wemminga1400
gremec1400
wilc1400
blemishing1413
lesion?a1425
nocument?a1425
injuryc1430
mischieving1432
hindrance1436
detrimenta1440
ill1470
untroth1470
diversity1484
remordc1485
unhappinessc1485
grudge1491
wriguldy-wrag?1520
danger1530
dishort1535
perishment1540
wreaka1542
emperishment1545
impeachment1548
indemnity1556
impair1568
spoil1572
impeach1575
interestc1575
emblemishing1583
mishap1587
endamagement1593
blemishment1596
mischievance1600
damnificationa1631
oblesion1656
mishanter1754
vitiation1802
mar1876
jeel1887
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiv. v What dost thow here? He ansuerd I doo neyther good nor grete ylle.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 582 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 45 Þat man has done gret il ay to þame, þat ar to þe lele men.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlvi. 552 Al the ylles and damages that he hath done to you.
1611 Bible (King James) Rom. xiii. 10 Loue worketh no ill to his neighbour. View more context for this quotation
a1699 W. Temple Ess. Health & Long Life in Miscellanea: 3rd Pt. (1701) 174 The only Ill of it lies in the too much or too frequent Use.
1760 ‘Portia’ Polite Lady xxvii. 123 Lest I should do myself more ill than good.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 17 Wad there be ony ill in getting out o' thae chields' hands an' ane could compass it?
5.
a. Evil as suffered or endured; misfortune, calamity, disaster, trouble, distress. †to give oneself ill, to distress or trouble oneself, to grieve.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]
sorec888
teeneOE
sorrowOE
workOE
wrakeOE
careOE
gramec1000
harmOE
howc1000
trayOE
woweOE
angec1175
derfnessc1175
sytec1175
unwinc1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
derf?c1225
grief?c1225
misease?c1225
misliking?c1225
ofthinkingc1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
pinec1275
distress1297
grievancea1300
penancea1300
cumbermentc1300
languorc1300
cumbering1303
were1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
woea1325
painc1330
tribulationc1330
illa1340
threst1340
constraintc1374
troublenessc1380
afflictiona1382
bruisinga1382
miseasetya1382
pressurec1384
exercisec1386
miscomfortc1390
mislikea1400
smarta1400
thronga1400
balec1400
painfulnessc1400
troublancec1400
smartness?c1425
painliness1435
perplexity?a1439
penalty?1462
calamity1490
penality1496
cumber?a1513
sussy1513
tribule1513
afflict?1529
vexation of spirit1535
troublesomeness1561
hoe1567
grievedness1571
tribulance1575
languishment1576
thrall1578
tine1590
languorment1593
aggrievedness1594
obturbation1623
afflictedness1646
erumny1657
pathos1684
shock1705
dree1791
vex1815
wrungnessa1875
dukkha1886
thinkache1892
sufferation1976
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause to oneself [verb (reflexive)]
to give oneself illa1340
anguisha1425
impeach1483
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxii. 5 I sall dred nan ill.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3037 ‘Abraham’, he [sc. the angel] said, ‘giue þe not ill’.
a1400 Isumbras 93 Thay wepede sare and gaffe thame ille.
a1450 Le Morte Arth. 821 He..Sighed sore, and gaff hym ylle.
?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. xix. 212 As gladly shall I take by thy grace yll as good, bitter thynges as swete.
1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 33 One day I do conforme me to my fortune, And to my griefe..Next day mine yll doth vex me, and importune My soule with thoughts of griefe.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 141 They have their nativity cast to know if good or ill shall befall them.
1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling (1803) xl. 76 We frequently observe the tidings of ill communicated as eagerly as the annunciation of good.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 123 Still heaping on the fear of ill The fear of men, a coward still.
b. (with plural) A misfortune, a calamity, a disaster; an adversity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun]
unhealc700
unselthc888
bale-sithea1000
unselea1023
un-i-selthOE
sithec1250
ruthc1275
unwhatec1275
tempestc1330
illa1340
infelicityc1384
banec1400
naufragiea1425
infortunitya1438
naufrage1480
calamity1490
inconvenience1509
wanweirda1522
inconveniency1553
wroth1581
murderation1862
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck
unsitheOE
evila1300
mischiefa1325
illa1340
adversity1340
infortunea1393
infortunity1477
cladec1480
misfortunec1485
fortune1490
trouble?1521
stumble1547
infelicity1575
disgrace1622
unfortunacya1662
disgracia1740
miscanter1781
reversal1846
avalanche1850
rough spin1919
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxxxix. 7 Many yllys are agayns me.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. v. sig. Bii Of two yls, chose the least.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccix (Accordyng to the olde prouerbe) one yll commeth never alone.
1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour ii. ii. 25 The ills of Love, not those of Fate I fear.
1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 No Sense have they of Ills to come.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 95 We communicate to each other only the ills of life.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xlv. 182 To enact some measure meant to cure a pressing ill.
6. Bodily disorder, disease, sickness. (Chiefly Scottish or northern) Frequent in popular names of diseases or distempers. comitial ill, epilepsy: see comitial adj. 1b. See also child ill n. at child n. Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun]
unhealc700
untrumnessc897
adleeOE
sicknessc967
cothec1000
unhealthc1000
woe?a1200
ail?c1225
lying?c1225
maladyc1275
unsoundc1275
feebless1297
languora1375
languishc1384
disease1393
aegritudea1400
lamea1400
maleasea1400
soughta1400
wilc1400
malefaction?a1425
firmityc1426
unwholesomenessc1449
ill1450
languenta1500
distemperancea1535
the valley of the shadow of death1535
affect?1537
affection?1541
distemperature1541
inability1547
sickliness1565
languishment1576
cause1578
unhealthfulness1589
crazedness1593
languorment1593
evilness1599
strickenness1599
craziness1602
distemper1604
unsoundness1605
invaletude1623
unhealthiness1634
achaque1647
unwellness1653
disailment1657
insalubrity1668
faintiness1683
queerness1687
invalidity1690
illness1692
ill health1698
ailment1708
illing1719
invalescence1724
peakingness1727
sickishness1727
valetudinariness1742
ailingness1776
brash1786
invalidism1794
poorliness1814
diseasement1826
invalidship1830
valetudinarianism1839
ailing1862
invalidhood1863
megrims1870
pourriture1890
immersement1903
bug1918
condition1920
1450 Myrc 365 That maketh a body to cache el.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 577 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 167 Full besyly can he spere of his seknes þe manere, & of þe cause als of þe Ile.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 139 Sum langis for the liffyr ill to lik of ane quart.
1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Biiiiv Mightie men cannot brooke the touch of their ill.
1652 Woman's Universe in J. Watson Choice Coll. Scots Poems (1711) iii. 101 Hippocrates..Could never cure her Falling-ill, Which takes her when she pleases.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III i, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 238/1 Peter now grew old, and had An ill no doctor could unravel.
1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Ill, a disease. The ‘milk ill’ and the ‘quarter ill’ are diseases common among sheep.
†7. the ill: That which is faulty or erroneous; the wrong side in an argument. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 100 Þe bisshop schewed him skille þat he mayntend þe ille.
8. In combinations: see ill- comb. form 1b below.

Compounds

C1. In special collocations (often unnecessarily hyphenated). See also ill breeding n., ill humour n., etc.
ill desert n. the fact of deserving ill, demerit, blameworthiness (so ill deserving).
ΚΠ
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vi. 113 Vitious and of Ill-desert.
1861 G. Moberly Serm. Beatit. 14 None knows, as he knows, his own weakness and personal ill-desert.
ill ease n. discomfort, uneasiness.
ΚΠ
a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) ii. 280 My life seems made for other lives' ill-ease.
† ill eye n. Obsolete = evil eye n. at evil adj. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > spell > malignant enchantment or curse > evil eye
ill eye1615
evil eye1796
malocchio1821
bad eye1848
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 138 To defend them from mischances, and the poison of ill eies.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 16 What magick has bewitch'd the woolly Dams, And what ill Eyes beheld the tender Lambs?
ill fame n. (see A. 1c); esp. in house of ill fame (see house n.1 and int. Phrases 3l).
ill grace n. (see grace n. Phrases 3d(b)).
† ill hail n. Obsolete (see hail n.2 2).
ill house n. a house of ill fame.
ΚΠ
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. iii. 130 If he had the least Suspicion of my keeping an ill House . View more context for this quotation
ill part n. (see part n.1).
† ill rule n. Obsolete disorderly conduct, misrule (also attributive).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > disorderly behaviour
misordera1513
ill rule1556
roaring1617
randan1640
bear-fighting1775
1556 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 111 For kepyng of ylle reulle howrs in hyr howsse.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Berlans,..houses of ill rule or gaming.
ill success n. imperfect success (sense A. 6); often = want of success, failure (cf. A. 5).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun]
wanspeedc893
defaulta1387
unspeeda1400
faultingc1450
fail1477
defallation1490
ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518
misproving1542
defection1576
unsuccessa1586
defailance1603
abortiveness1611
defailment1612
ill success1615
failancea1627
unprosperitya1628
mis-success1641
successlessness1642
insuccess1646
intercision1647
failure1648
insuccessfulness1648
unprosperousness1648
defaillancy1649
unsuccessfulness1656
missucceedinga1661
non-success1665
defailurea1677
miscarrying1736
throwdown1887
short circuit1937
Palookaville?1954
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 145 Ill successe of the Christian armies.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 20 Aug. (1972) VI. 198 My Lord is..unblameable, in all this ill-success.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 291 The ill success of these expeditions.
1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xxii. 25 Disheartened by former ill-success.
ill temper n. (see temper n.).
Categories »
ill thief n. Scottish the devil: see thief n.
† ill year n. [apparently suggested by goodyear n.] Obsolete misfortune, disaster.
ΚΠ
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 120 I wish the ill yeare to his Eggars and setters on.
C2. In combinations: see ill- comb. form

Draft additions March 2006

slang (originally U.S., in the language of rap and hip-hop).
a. Aggressive, irrational, crazy; unpleasant, bad.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective]
skillessc1175
unskilwisec1340
witlessa1382
unreasonablec1384
reasonlessa1450
unrationablea1500
unreasoned1582
irrationable1583
discourseless1620
irrational1661
unreasoning1682
dicked-up1967
ill1979
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > disposed to hostile action
aggressive1773
fire-eating1811
pistolling1877
muscle flexing1905
sword-in-hand1906
storm-trooping1933
butt-kicking1973
slash-and-burn1978
ill1979
1979 G. O'Brien et al. Rapper's Delight (song, perf. ‘Sugarhill Gang’) in L. A. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 325 Now there's a time to laugh, a time to cry A time to live, and a time to die... To act civilized or act real ill.
1982 M. Pond Valley Girls' Guide to Life 36 That is so ill.
1985 J. Simmons My Adidas (song, perf. ‘Run-DMC’) in L. A. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 273 Now me and my Adidas do the illest thing We like to stamp out pimps with diamond rings.
1995 Grand Royal No. 2. 30/2 I threw some elbows and got in the dust but these girls were ill, so I grabbed each one by the back of the neck and shook 'em till they stopped.
1997 Touch May 30/2 If we hadn't come through, things would have kicked off. It could have gotten ill, but we just took control.
b. Excellent, attractive; fashionable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]
faireOE
bremea1000
goodlyOE
goodfulc1275
noblec1300
pricec1300
specialc1325
gentlec1330
fine?c1335
singulara1340
thrivena1350
thriven and throa1350
gaya1375
properc1380
before-passinga1382
daintiful1393
principala1398
gradelya1400
burlyc1400
daintyc1400
thrivingc1400
voundec1400
virtuousc1425
hathelc1440
curiousc1475
singlerc1500
beautiful1502
rare?a1534
gallant1539
eximious1547
jolly1548
egregious?c1550
jellyc1560
goodlike1562
brawc1565
of worth1576
brave?1577
surprising1580
finger-licking1584
admirablea1586
excellinga1586
ambrosial1598
sublimated1603
excellent1604
valiant1604
fabulous1609
pure1609
starryc1610
topgallant1613
lovely1614
soaringa1616
twanging1616
preclarent1623
primea1637
prestantious1638
splendid1644
sterling1647
licking1648
spankinga1666
rattling1690
tearing1693
famous1695
capital1713
yrare1737
pure and —1742
daisy1757
immense1762
elegant1764
super-extra1774
trimming1778
grand1781
gallows1789
budgeree1793
crack1793
dandy1794
first rate1799
smick-smack1802
severe1805
neat1806
swell1810
stamming1814
divine1818
great1818
slap-up1823
slapping1825
high-grade1826
supernacular1828
heavenly1831
jam-up1832
slick1833
rip-roaring1834
boss1836
lummy1838
flash1840
slap1840
tall1840
high-graded1841
awful1843
way up1843
exalting1844
hot1845
ripsnorting1846
clipping1848
stupendous1848
stunning1849
raving1850
shrewd1851
jammy1853
slashing1854
rip-staving1856
ripping1858
screaming1859
up to dick1863
nifty1865
premier cru1866
slap-bang1866
clinking1868
marvellous1868
rorty1868
terrific1871
spiffing1872
all wool and a yard wide1882
gorgeous1883
nailing1883
stellar1883
gaudy1884
fizzing1885
réussi1885
ding-dong1887
jim-dandy1888
extra-special1889
yum-yum1890
out of sight1891
outasight1893
smooth1893
corking1895
large1895
super1895
hot dog1896
to die for1898
yummy1899
deevy1900
peachy1900
hi1901
v.g.1901
v.h.c.1901
divvy1903
doozy1903
game ball1905
goodo1905
bosker1906
crackerjack1910
smashinga1911
jake1914
keen1914
posh1914
bobby-dazzling1915
juicy1916
pie on1916
jakeloo1919
snodger1919
whizz-bang1920
wicked1920
four-star1921
wow1921
Rolls-Royce1922
whizz-bang1922
wizard1922
barry1923
nummy1923
ripe1923
shrieking1926
crazy1927
righteous1930
marvy1932
cool1933
plenty1933
brahmaa1935
smoking1934
solid1935
mellow1936
groovy1937
tough1937
bottler1938
fantastic1938
readyc1938
ridge1938
super-duper1938
extraordinaire1940
rumpty1940
sharp1940
dodger1941
grouse1941
perfecto1941
pipperoo1945
real gone1946
bosting1947
supersonic1947
whizzo1948
neato1951
peachy-keen1951
ridgey-dite1953
ridgy-didge1953
top1953
whizzing1953
badass1955
wild1955
belting1956
magic1956
bitching1957
swinging1958
ridiculous1959
a treat1959
fab1961
bad-assed1962
uptight1962
diggish1963
cracker1964
marv1964
radical1964
bakgat1965
unreal1965
pearly1966
together1968
safe1970
bad1971
brilliant1971
fabby1971
schmick1972
butt-kicking1973
ripper1973
Tiffany1973
bodacious1976
rad1976
kif1978
awesome1979
death1979
killer1979
fly1980
shiok1980
stonking1980
brill1981
dope1981
to die1982
mint1982
epic1983
kicking1983
fabbo1984
mega1985
ill1986
posho1989
pukka1991
lovely jubbly1992
awesomesauce2001
nang2002
bess2006
amazeballs2009
boasty2009
daebak2009
beaut2013
1986 M. Diamond et al. Rhymin' & Stealin' (song) in L. A. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 13 Most illin-est b-boy, I got that feelin' 'Cause I am most ill and I'm rhymin' and stealin'.
1991 H. Nelson & M. A. Gonzales Bring the Noise 91 Dressed to kill, her physique is ill.
2000 D. Adebayo My Once upon Time (2001) iv. 86 I..watched as she, her fine arse and those ill denims, stepped inside.
2003 N.Y. Mag. 4 Aug. 31/2 You have any qualms with anyone..you take it to the dance floor... It's about being known as the dopest, the baddest, the freshest, the illest around.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

illv.

Brit. /ɪl/, U.S. /ɪl/
Etymology: < ill adj.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
†1. transitive. To contrive maliciously. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxxii. 3 On þi folke þai illid counsaile [L. malignaverunt consilium].
†2. To cause ill or evil to; to harm, hurt, injure, wrong. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to
werdec725
wema1000
evilc1000
harmc1000
hinderc1000
teenOE
scathec1175
illc1220
to wait (one) scathec1275
to have (…) wrong1303
annoya1325
grievec1330
wrong1390
to do violence to (also unto)a1393
mischievea1393
damagea1400
annulc1425
trespass1427
mischief1437
poisonc1450
injurea1492
damnify1512
prejudge1531
misfease1571
indemnify1583
bane1601
debauch1633
lese1678
empoison1780
misguggle1814
nobble1860
strafe1915
to dick up1951
c1220 [implied in: Bestiary 419 [The fox] gelt hem here billing raðe wið illing, tetoggeð and tetireð hem. (at illing n. b)].
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.ii That wyll payre and yll thy name.
1583 T. Watson Passionate Cent. of Loue c, in Poems (1870) 137 To pacyfie my minde, By illing him, through whome I liu'd a slaue.
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 73 Me wretched Cause of your repaier, by wicked Romaines ild.
1614 J. Sylvester tr. J. Bertaut Panaretus 20 in Parl. Vertues Royal Appeerd an Old-man (as one deeplie illd).
3. To speak ill of, abuse, malign, disparage.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak shame of, on, byc950
teleeOE
sayOE
to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000
belie?c1225
betell?c1225
missayc1225
skandera1300
disclanderc1300
wrenchc1300
bewrayc1330
bite1330
gothele1340
slanderc1340
deprave1362
hinderc1375
backbite1382
blasphemec1386
afamec1390
fame1393
to blow up?a1400
defamea1400
noise1425
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
malignc1450
to speak villainy of1470
infame1483
injury1484
painta1522
malicea1526
denigrate1526
disfamea1533
misreporta1535
sugill?1539
dishonest?c1550
calumniate1554
scandalize1566
ill1577
blaze1579
traduce1581
misspeak1582
blot1583
abuse1592
wronga1596
infamonize1598
vilify1598
injure?a1600
forspeak1601
libel1602
infamize1605
belibel1606
calumnize1606
besquirt1611
colly1615
scandala1616
bedirt1622
soil1641
disfigurea1643
sycophant1642
spatter1645
sugillate1647
bespattera1652
bedung1655
asperse1656
mischieve1656
opprobriatea1657
reflect1661
dehonestate1663
carbonify1792
defamate1810
mouth1810
foul-mouth1822
lynch1836
rot1890
calumny1895
ding1903
bad-talk1938
norate1938
bad-mouth1941
monster1967
1577 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture (new ed.) sig. D.vijv To ill thy foe doth get to thee, hatred and double blame.
1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Pure Nat. Dial. 15 You Ill my Farm, for you have said to some, You'r quite undone and beggar'd sine you come.
1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 39 To ill, to reproach, to speak ill of another.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Do n't ill a body if you can't say weel o' yan.

Draft additions March 2006

intransitive. U.S. slang (originally and chiefly in the language of rap and hip-hop). To behave badly or irrationally. Cf. ill adj. and n. Additions a.
ΚΠ
1986 ‘Run-DMC’ Raising Hell (title of song) You be illin'.
1986 ‘Beastie Boys’ (title of album) Licensed to ill.
1988 ‘Slick Rick’ Treat her like Prostitute (song) in L. A. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 298 Next thing you know, the ho starts to ill She says, ‘I love you, Harold’ and your name is Will.
1997 Jet 22 Sept. 40/1 I was illing, juggling all of these ladies and not respecting any of them—or myself.
2002 Entertainm. Weekly 2 Aug. 41 ‘Mike's illin',’ Nelly says, shaking his head sadly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

illadv.

Brit. /ɪl/, U.S. /ɪl/
Forms: Middle English ille, ylle, Middle English–1500s il, yll, Middle English– ill.
Etymology: Early Middle English ille, < ill adj.; compare Old Norse illa adverb, Swedish illa, Danish ilde.
In an ill manner, badly.Like other advs., ill is, for syntactical reasons, hyphened to a following adj., when the latter is used attributively, as ‘an ill-built house’, but not when used predicatively, as in ‘the house is ill built’. But examples of the unnecessary use of the hyphen in the latter construction are very frequent.
1. Wickedly, sinfully, blameworthily. (In modern use, with weakened force and associated with other senses, esp. 6b.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adverb]
noughtlyeOE
wrothec888
unrighteouslyeOE
foullyOE
naughtlyOE
wrothlyc1200
litherlya1225
unwraste?c1225
illc1275
vilelyc1290
shrewdly13..
felonly1303
unwrastlyc1320
viciouslya1325
diverselyc1325
wickly1338
lewdlyc1384
badlyc1405
foula1425
mischievouslyc1426
felonously1436
felonmentc1470
wickedfullyc1480
villainously1484
meschantlya1492
sinisterly1491
noughtily1528
naughtily?1529
perniciously1533
illy1549
naught1549
bad1575
evilly1581
nefariously1599
scelerately1632
improbously1657
piggishly1756
iniquitously1796
pervertedly1804
society > morality > moral evil > [adverb]
noughtlyeOE
evilc1000
illc1275
badlyc1405
evilly1581
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2705 Þe king wes stille & þa swiken speken ille.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1706 Sichem..hire ille bi-nam.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 49 He betraied my lord, & my sonne fulle ille.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 163 Þe dede þat I did ille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6531 Son he herd tiþand tell þat his folk had ful il don.
1601 in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 433 My youth ill-spent, and worne by women's guile.
1757 G. Shelvocke, Jr. Shelvocke's Voy. round World (ed. 2) i. 8 Plausible pretences for behaving as ill as they pleased.
1793 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) III. 46 He, being a little more drunk than usual, behaved extremely ill.
2.
a. With malevolent action, in an unfriendly manner, unkindly, harshly, wrongfully.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adverb]
illc1300
unorderly1471
misorderly1558
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adverb]
illc1300
accursedlyc1330
hatefullyc1425
unlovingly1512
malignantly1565
manlessly1607
malevolently1613
malefically1652
unbenignly1863
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adverb]
illc1300
hatefullyc1425
malignantly1565
accursedly1579
manlessly1607
malevolently1613
malefically1652
unbenignly1863
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1952 Hwo haues þe þus ille maked, Þus toriuen, and al mad naked?
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lxxix. 162 b The enimies..handeled our men very ill.
1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 16 Those who treat you ill without provocation.
1830 T. B. Macaulay Let. to Napier 16 Sept. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) I. 200 If you had used me ill, I might complain.
b. With unfavourable estimation, blamefully: chiefly in to speak, think, etc. ill (of); so †to hear ill, to be ill spoken of (see hear v. 12).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > [adverb]
ill1548
evilly1668
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > treat discourteously [verb (transitive)] > address discourteously
to speak, think, etc. ill1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxix Thei grudged, and spake ill of the hole Parliament.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 66 He [is] ill reputed of that forbeareth so to do.
1631 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 8 All our speeches and actions are ill-interpreted.
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 16 Nationall corruption, for which England hears ill abroad.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 439. ¶4 A Man..Inquisitive after every thing that is spoken ill of him.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 169 Ill as he thought of his species, he never became a misanthrope.
c. With hostility, aversion, displeasure, or offence: chiefly in phrases to like ill = †(a) to displease (obsolete), (b) to dislike, be displeased with (archaic); to take ill = to take offence at, take amiss.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > [verb (transitive)]
mislikea1225
to like illa1350
to have no fancy with1465
mislovec1485
abominec1500
not to look ata1529
to have no will of, (also in)1548
misaffect1586
to have or take a stitch againsta1591
dislike1593
to take (a) toy to (also at)1598
disfavour1599
disgust1601
disaffect1609
mistaste1613
disrelisha1616
dispalate1630
abominate1652
disfancy1657
to have it in for1825
to have a down on1835
to sour on1862
to go off ——1877
derry1896
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)]
mind1562
to take ill1596
to bend (a person) out of shape1955
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18279 He..ræfeþþ þe þin allderrdom. & tet [= thee it] maȝȝ ille likenn.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 53 Alle we shule deye þah vs like ylle.
14.. Tundale's Vis. 1033 Of that syght lykyd hym full yll.
1596 J. Harington Anat. Metamorph. Aiax Pref. (1814) 2 Some will take it ill..because they doe ill understand it.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xvii. §2. 36 The Aspen..takes it ill to have his head cut off.
1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother Ded. The Town has not receiv'd this Play ill.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 627 This suggestion was so ill received that he made haste to explain it away.
1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 480 Mr. Stewart..liked the move of his neighbour..exceedingly ill.
3. Sorely, painfully, grievously, unpleasantly. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [adverb] > in unpleasant manner
illa1275
unsavourly1377
unlovelyc1400
sour?a1513
beastly?1518
unfaringly1519
unpleasantly1542
ill-favouredly1545
uncomfortably1548
offensively1576
ungratefullya1586
adversely1593
unpleasingly1597
displeasantly1607
unsavourily1611
distastefully1631
unwelcomely1642
displeasurably1648
disagreeably1656
disgustfully1731
displeasingly1731
unpalatably1741
poisonously1746
undelightfully1749
awfully1815
unpleasurably1823
objectionably1825
unagreeably1850
disgustingly1856
undesirably1890
a1275 Prov. Ælfred 652 in Old Eng. Misc. 137 Þe bicche bitit ille.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 367 I praye you gete me some mete, for I am yll a hungred.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10976 He gird hir to ground, and greuit hir yll.
1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 265 Sum fled and evill mischevit.
1899 N.E.D. at Ill Mod. (Yorkshire dial.), He was ill clemmed.
†4. Banefully, hurtfully, injuriously. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adverb]
evilc1275
balefullya1375
harmfullyc1374
teenfullya1375
wickedlya1375
unsoundlyc1400
ill1483
mischievously1512
noisomely1589
infectiously1609
evilly1631
damageably1648
poisonously1746
noxiously1755
injuriously1809
nocuously1847
damagingly1854
banefully1865
damnously1884
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adverb]
evilc1275
balefullya1375
harmfullyc1374
teenfullya1375
wickedlya1375
unsoundlyc1400
prejudicially1467
ill1483
mischievously1512
pestilently1528
badly1580
noisomely1589
infectiously1609
prejudiciously1614
evilly1631
damageably1648
deleteriously1657
disserviceablya1670
noxiously1755
injuriously1809
nocuously1847
damagingly1854
banefully1865
detrimentally1879
damnously1884
1483 Cath. Angl. 195/1 Ille, male, perniciose.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 34 They chose rather to counsell him ill and please him, then to advise him well and contradict him.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 15 As with him whose outward garment hath bin injur'd and ill bedighted.
5. Unfavourably, unpropitiously; unfortunately, unhappily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adverb]
evil971
unsellyc1275
chancefully1303
wrother-heala1325
badlyc1325
illc1325
ungraciouslyc1330
unhappilyc1374
evil haila1400
infortunately1442
shame to saya1450
ill haila1500
unluckily1530
unfortunately1548
unluckly1573
bad1575
haplessly1582
disasterly1593
lucklessly1596
untowardly1649
misfortunatelya1686
askew1858
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adverb] > unfavourably
illc1325
contrariouslyc1380
amissa1425
contrary1497
sinisterly1529
overthwart1556
thwartingly1579
froward1580
adversely1593
crossly1597
unpropitiously1602
cross1603
disfavourably1654
cloudily1792
unfavourably1833
askew1858
c1325 Metr. Hom. 149 Ic haf sped ful ille.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvii. 355 Yll was thou ded, so wo is me That I it ken!
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. v. 55 Il blowes the wind that profits no bodie.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 35 If it succeeded ill, the losse would be generall.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 25 A Town ill scituate; for if they had considered health..they would never have set it there.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxii. 130 Let them be young or old, well-marry'd or ill-marry'd.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 51 Ill fares the land..Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.
1864 J. Doran Their Majesties Serv. I. 21 But for the sympathy of the Earl of Leicester, it would have gone ill with these players.
6. Of manner or quality of performance:
a. Not well; defectively, imperfectly, poorly; hardly, scarcely. Sometimes (with mixture of sense 3), With trouble, difficulty, or inconvenience.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adverb] > with difficulty
uneathc888
arvethlichec1000
uneathsc1200
hardc1300
albusyc1325
wondsomely?a1400
hardlya1425
narrowlyc1450
unreadilyc1454
a-pain1487
uneasily1600
scarce1667
scarcely1697
ill1832
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 23851 Ill worth [Fairf. worþi] it es to tell þe feild, þat noght again þe sede will ȝeild.
a1400 Isumbras 558 Poure mene þat myghte ille goo.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 126 Lord, what these weders ar cold! And I am yll happyd.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. E2 Thinges..ill beseeming or vnworthye their reputation.
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 53 A man cutteth ill if he have a blunt knife.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 163 Ill worthie I such title should belong To me transgressour. View more context for this quotation
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 79 Blushes ill-restrain'd betray Her thoughts.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds iii. 34 We can ill spare him.
1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxiv. 301 The upper Ludlow rock is ill developed.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 484 With an intemperance which..ill becomes the judicial character.
b. Badly, faultily, improperly; unskilfully.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > unfittingness > [adverb]
evilOE
wrongc1175
unworthlyc1200
unkindly?c1225
ungraithlya1300
unkindlyc1300
wrongly1303
unconablya1340
unworthily1377
ungoodlyc1380
falsely1393
uncomelya1400
unsittinglyc1412
uncomelilyc1420
unorderly1471
ungainlya1500
ill?1529
unmeetly1533
unconveniently1538
undecently1563
unproperly1604
unbeseemingly1617
viciously1617
unbecomingly1653
abusefully1656
unbefittingly1871
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adverb]
uncraftily1519
unexpertly1565
unskilfully1565
ill1579
fumblingly1598
unskilly1648
unartfully1724
inexpertly1822
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. xii. sig. N.ijv If thou answere nat quickly, thou shalt be called proude, or yll brought vp.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 72 I play to please myselfe, all be it ill.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 138 Not many words, and those few ill exprest.
1670 Sir S. Crow in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 The silke..beeing ill woven will shrink.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vi. 139 The Houses are but low and ill built.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 54 Figures ill-pair'd, and Similes unlike.
1774 Ld. Chesterfield tr. in Lett. (1792) I. Let. 42. 134 Shop-keepers, common people, footmen and maid-servants, all speak ill.
1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma iii. 82 The admitted duties themselves come to be ill-discharged.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 2/2 The entertainer..recited, by no means ill, the celebrated ‘All the world's a stage’ speech.
7. Phrases.
a. ill at ease: see ease n. 8b; hence ill-at-easeness (nonce-word), the state of being ill at ease.
ΚΠ
1565 T. Gresham in J. W. Burgon Life & Times Sir T. Gresham (1839) II. 443 I am right sorry that my Lady..is yll at ease.
1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 115 The virtuous Son is ill at ease, When his lewd Father gave the dire disease.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 349 Ill was the King at ease.
1882 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David VI. Ps. cxx. 9 As ill-at-ease among lying neighbours as if he had lived among savages.
1890 R. Broughton Alas! i. xxiii Elizabeth's evident ill-at-easeness.
b. ill-to-do: in poor circumstances, poor needy (the opposite of well-to-do). ill-off: in an unprosperous condition, badly off (the opposite of well-off): see off v.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor
havelessOE
unrichOE
waedlec1000
armOE
nakedOE
helplessc1175
wantsomec1175
poora1200
barec1220
needfula1225
misease?c1225
unwealya1300
needyc1325
feeblec1330
poorful1372
mischievousc1390
miseasedc1390
indigentc1400
meanc1400
naughtyc1400
succourless1412
unwealthyc1412
behove1413
misterousa1425
misterfulc1480
miserablec1485
beggarly1545
starved1563
threadbare1577
penurious1590
fortuneless1596
wealthless1605
wantful1607
necessitous1611
inopulent1613
titheless1615
egene1631
starveling1638
necessitated1646
inopious1656
parsimonious1782
unopulent1782
lacking1805
bushed1819
obolary1820
ill-to-do1853
down at heel1856
po'1866
needsome1870
down-at-heeled1884
rocky1921
1853 T. T. Lynch Lect. Self-improvem. v. 115 A most honourable ill-to-do class..fighting a good fight with poverty.
1887 W. Pater Imag. Portraits 2 He is not ill-to-do, and has lately built himself a new stone house.
1889 Charity Organis. Rev. May 221 There is room for doubt whether the well-to-do man's conviction of the ill-to-do man's discomfort really leads to useful action.
8. In combinations: see ill- comb. form 1c below.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

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