imperatorn.

Brit.

/ˌɪmpəˈrɑːtɔː/, U.S.

/ˌɪmpəˈrɑdər/,

/ˌɪmpəˈrɑˌtɔr/

Forms:

α. 1500s– imperator, 1600s imperatour.

β. 1500s–1600s emperator.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin imperātor.

Etymology: < classical Latin imperātor ruler, general, title conferred on a victorious general, title of Roman emperor, Roman emperor, in post-classical Latin also denoting other rulers, as ruler of the Western Empire, ruler of the Eastern Empire (both from 8th cent. in British sources), Holy Roman Emperor (800) < imperāt- , past participial stem of imperāre to command (see imperate v.) + -or -or suffix. Compare earlier emperor n. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.Compare Middle French imperateur (early 14th cent.), German Imperator (late 16th cent.), both in sense ‘supreme ruler’. After the division of the Roman Empire, imperātor was continued as the Latin title of the emperors of the East and West, and hence ultimately of all monarchs who claimed imperial rank or position. Use as a title by Anglo-Saxon kings is attested in Latin documents from the second half of the 8th cent. onwards. The Old English equivalent was cāsere kaser n.; compare Caesar n.¹, Kaiser n. The Old French reflex was empereor emperor n. Specific forms. The β. forms show remodelling after emperor n., empire n. N.E.D. (1899) gives the pronunciation as (impĕrēⁱ·tǫ̆ɹ) /ɪmpəˈreɪtə(r)/.

a. Roman History. (A title of) the sovereign ruler of the Roman Empire, or of either of the empires into which this divided in a.d. 395. Also: a commander of the Roman army; (a title given to) a victorious military commander. See emperor n. 1a and note in etymology.In the later Roman Republic a victorious commander of the army was proclaimed imperator by his troops, an honour which entitled him to be granted a triumph (triumph n. 1a) by the Senate. After the Roman Empire was established under Augustus in 27 b.c. the title became restricted to the Emperor, eventually becoming part of the official title assumed on accession.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman

kaserc888

Kaiserc1175

Caesarc1384

imperator1590

princeps1614

1590 H. Broughton tr. M. Beroald Short View Persian Monarchie 24 The Iewish Historiographers..referring the destruction of the second Temple, to the Romanes and their Imperator Titus.

1614 T. Godwin Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia ii. ii. xi. 50 If the Imperator, or Lord-general had done ought against his oath, these Foeciales by their sacrifice did avert the wrath of the Gods from him.

1690 Pagan Prince xxx. 84 He had won immortal Honour, and had been..Catalogu'd among the Pagan Gods and Goddesses, like the Roman Imperators.

1755 ‘Philologus Cantabrigiensis’ Freethinker's Criteria Exemplified vii. 88 It was usual, on the Return of the Imperators to the City, to go in Procession to meet them.

1835 W. Rose Sallust App. 92 The title of Imperator, at least during the republic,..was the free gift of the troops, or else a compliment from the senate.

1868 W. P. Dickson tr. T. Mommsen Hist. Rome (new ed.) IV. v. xi. 576 The different titles of the magistrates signified little after the one Imperator was over all.

1910 F. W. Bussell Rom. Empire I. iii. i. 195 The sovereign was imperator; commander-in-chief as sole fount of honour; and while the Western Caesar forgot, the Eastern always remembered.

1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 141 Epigraphic evidence is a more sure indicator of the date of acclamation of Pius as imperator than coins.

2015 S. L. Tuck Hist. Rom. Art xii. 341 Even if someone had performed glorious deeds that benefitted the Republic during a civil war, he was not proclaimed an imperator on that account.

b. More generally: (a title of) any sovereign ruler of an empire; a sovereign considered superior in rank or position to a king; = emperor n. 1c. Also as a title.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun]

kaserc888

Kaiserc1225

emperora1393

imperator1590

imperial1594

imperiality1839

1590 H. Broughton tr. M. Beroald Short View Persian Monarchie 18 The Persian Monarchie (euen as the Romanes) at one time might haue manie Imperators.

1732 J. Anderson Royal Genealogies 336 (heading) The dukes, generals or imperators of the Carthaginians.

1868 Tinsley's Mag. Apr. 336/2 Nicholas, Czar and ‘Imperator’ of all the Russias.

1888 H. H. Howorth Hist. Mongols Pref. p. vi Jingis Khan was succeeded as Imperator of the Mongols by his second son, Ogotai.

1991 Speculum 66 8 Fredegar told the story of the Persian imperator Anaulf.

2002 L. Oliver Beginnings Eng. Law iii. 117 As imperator of all the territories south of the Humber, Æthelberht would have been overlord as well as uncle to Sæberht.

2. figurative and in extended use. A ruler, a commander; a person considered as supreme in a particular sphere. Cf. emperor n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun]

tyrantc1330

dictatora1593

Caesar1595

absolute monarch1596

imperator1598

voluntar1650

Mogul1653

sultanist1659

sultan1662

Grand Monarque1699

autocrator1718

despot1755

autocrat1762

sultanship1823

monocrat1848

autarch1865

autarkist1938

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 180 [Cupid] King of Codpeeces. Sole Emperator and great generall Of trotting Parrators.

1613 True Declar. Arriuall Cornelius Haga at Constantinople 20 The supreame Lord of the noble house of Ottomans, and the Imperator of all other Rulers and Lords in the World.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV ii. viii. 443 Neither Gubernators of Ships, nor Imperators of Souldiers, nor Masters of Families,..can wel manage their affaires, unlesse they provide for smal things as wel as greater.

1876 Dundee Courier & Argus 14 Aug. One would have thought that our imperators would have profited by the transitory brilliancy of an ex-Bailie, when skilfully cross-examined as a witness in a late notorious criminal trial.

1903 Badger (Univ. Wisconsin) 30 I'm imperator of fashion and dictator of propriety, And every one must follow where I've led.

2005 Independent on Sunday 13 Mar. 25/3 Tom Baker, still regarded by the cognoscenti as the imperator of Doctors.

Derivatives

impeˈratorship n. the position, office, or term of office of an imperator (chiefly in sense 1a).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman > position of

Caesareatea1638

Caesarship1641

imperatorship1840

Caesardom1861

1840 Westm. Rev. Sept. 405 Ruling Europe with a dictatorship, an imperatorship, as absolute as that which had once before fused the world into unity.

1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 407 His [sc. Vespasian] elevation to the imperatorship.

1996 L. J. Kreitzer Striking New Images iii. 103 This titular inscription, via its reference to Claudius's tenth year of tribunicial power and his eighteenth imperatorship, allows the coin to be positively dated to 50 or 51 CE.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	imperator
释义	imperatorn. Brit. /ˌɪmpəˈrɑːtɔː/, U.S. /ˌɪmpəˈrɑdər/, /ˌɪmpəˈrɑˌtɔr/ Forms: α. 1500s– imperator, 1600s imperatour. β. 1500s–1600s emperator. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin imperātor. Etymology: < classical Latin imperātor ruler, general, title conferred on a victorious general, title of Roman emperor, Roman emperor, in post-classical Latin also denoting other rulers, as ruler of the Western Empire, ruler of the Eastern Empire (both from 8th cent. in British sources), Holy Roman Emperor (800) < imperāt- , past participial stem of imperāre to command (see imperate v.) + -or -or suffix. Compare earlier emperor n. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.Compare Middle French imperateur (early 14th cent.), German Imperator (late 16th cent.), both in sense ‘supreme ruler’. After the division of the Roman Empire, imperātor was continued as the Latin title of the emperors of the East and West, and hence ultimately of all monarchs who claimed imperial rank or position. Use as a title by Anglo-Saxon kings is attested in Latin documents from the second half of the 8th cent. onwards. The Old English equivalent was cāsere kaser n.; compare Caesar n.¹, Kaiser n. The Old French reflex was empereor emperor n. Specific forms. The β. forms show remodelling after emperor n., empire n. N.E.D. (1899) gives the pronunciation as (impĕrēⁱ·tǫ̆ɹ) /ɪmpəˈreɪtə(r)/. 1. a. Roman History. (A title of) the sovereign ruler of the Roman Empire, or of either of the empires into which this divided in a.d. 395. Also: a commander of the Roman army; (a title given to) a victorious military commander. See emperor n. 1a and note in etymology.In the later Roman Republic a victorious commander of the army was proclaimed imperator by his troops, an honour which entitled him to be granted a triumph (triumph n. 1a) by the Senate. After the Roman Empire was established under Augustus in 27 b.c. the title became restricted to the Emperor, eventually becoming part of the official title assumed on accession. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman kaserc888 Kaiserc1175 Caesarc1384 imperator1590 princeps1614 1590 H. Broughton tr. M. Beroald Short View Persian Monarchie 24 The Iewish Historiographers..referring the destruction of the second Temple, to the Romanes and their Imperator Titus. 1614 T. Godwin Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia ii. ii. xi. 50 If the Imperator, or Lord-general had done ought against his oath, these Foeciales by their sacrifice did avert the wrath of the Gods from him. 1690 Pagan Prince xxx. 84 He had won immortal Honour, and had been..Catalogu'd among the Pagan Gods and Goddesses, like the Roman Imperators. 1755 ‘Philologus Cantabrigiensis’ Freethinker's Criteria Exemplified vii. 88 It was usual, on the Return of the Imperators to the City, to go in Procession to meet them. 1835 W. Rose Sallust App. 92 The title of Imperator, at least during the republic,..was the free gift of the troops, or else a compliment from the senate. 1868 W. P. Dickson tr. T. Mommsen Hist. Rome (new ed.) IV. v. xi. 576 The different titles of the magistrates signified little after the one Imperator was over all. 1910 F. W. Bussell Rom. Empire I. iii. i. 195 The sovereign was imperator; commander-in-chief as sole fount of honour; and while the Western Caesar forgot, the Eastern always remembered. 1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 141 Epigraphic evidence is a more sure indicator of the date of acclamation of Pius as imperator than coins. 2015 S. L. Tuck Hist. Rom. Art xii. 341 Even if someone had performed glorious deeds that benefitted the Republic during a civil war, he was not proclaimed an imperator on that account. b. More generally: (a title of) any sovereign ruler of an empire; a sovereign considered superior in rank or position to a king; = emperor n. 1c. Also as a title. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] kaserc888 Kaiserc1225 emperora1393 imperator1590 imperial1594 imperiality1839 1590 H. Broughton tr. M. Beroald Short View Persian Monarchie 18 The Persian Monarchie (euen as the Romanes) at one time might haue manie Imperators. 1732 J. Anderson Royal Genealogies 336 (heading) The dukes, generals or imperators of the Carthaginians. 1868 Tinsley's Mag. Apr. 336/2 Nicholas, Czar and ‘Imperator’ of all the Russias. 1888 H. H. Howorth Hist. Mongols Pref. p. vi Jingis Khan was succeeded as Imperator of the Mongols by his second son, Ogotai. 1991 Speculum 66 8 Fredegar told the story of the Persian imperator Anaulf. 2002 L. Oliver Beginnings Eng. Law iii. 117 As imperator of all the territories south of the Humber, Æthelberht would have been overlord as well as uncle to Sæberht. 2. figurative and in extended use. A ruler, a commander; a person considered as supreme in a particular sphere. Cf. emperor n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] tyrantc1330 dictatora1593 Caesar1595 absolute monarch1596 imperator1598 voluntar1650 Mogul1653 sultanist1659 sultan1662 Grand Monarque1699 autocrator1718 despot1755 autocrat1762 sultanship1823 monocrat1848 autarch1865 autarkist1938 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 180 [Cupid] King of Codpeeces. Sole Emperator and great generall Of trotting Parrators. View more context for this quotation 1613 True Declar. Arriuall Cornelius Haga at Constantinople 20 The supreame Lord of the noble house of Ottomans, and the Imperator of all other Rulers and Lords in the World. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV ii. viii. 443 Neither Gubernators of Ships, nor Imperators of Souldiers, nor Masters of Families,..can wel manage their affaires, unlesse they provide for smal things as wel as greater. 1876 Dundee Courier & Argus 14 Aug. One would have thought that our imperators would have profited by the transitory brilliancy of an ex-Bailie, when skilfully cross-examined as a witness in a late notorious criminal trial. 1903 Badger (Univ. Wisconsin) 30 I'm imperator of fashion and dictator of propriety, And every one must follow where I've led. 2005 Independent on Sunday 13 Mar. 25/3 Tom Baker, still regarded by the cognoscenti as the imperator of Doctors. Derivatives impeˈratorship n. the position, office, or term of office of an imperator (chiefly in sense 1a). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman > position of Caesareatea1638 Caesarship1641 imperatorship1840 Caesardom1861 1840 Westm. Rev. Sept. 405 Ruling Europe with a dictatorship, an imperatorship, as absolute as that which had once before fused the world into unity. 1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 407 His [sc. Vespasian] elevation to the imperatorship. 1996 L. J. Kreitzer Striking New Images iii. 103 This titular inscription, via its reference to Claudius's tenth year of tribunicial power and his eighteenth imperatorship, allows the coin to be positively dated to 50 or 51 CE. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1590
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