imperfectionn.

Brit.

/ˌɪmpəˈfɛkʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/

Forms:

α. Middle English inperfeccioun, Middle English jnperfeccyon, Middle English–1500s inperfeccion, Middle English–1500s inperfeccyon, 1500s–1600s inperfection.

β. Middle English imperfeccioun, Middle English imperfeccoun, Middle English imperfeccyone, Middle English imperfectioun, Middle English–1500s imperfeccion, Middle English–1500s imperfeccyon, Middle English–1500s imperfectyon, 1500s imparfeccyon, 1500s imparfection, 1500s ymperfection, 1500s– imperfection; also Scottish pre-1700 imperfeccione, pre-1700 imperfeccioune, pre-1700 imperfectioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French imperfection; Latin imperfectio.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French imperfection, Middle French imperfeccion (French imperfection ) condition or quality of being imperfect (12th cent. in Old French as imperfectiun ; use as singular in sense ‘defect, fault’ is first attested considerably later than in English: late 16th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin imperfection-, imperfectio incompleteness, unfinished state (4th cent.), defect, flaw (from 13th cent. in British sources), (in music) making of a note ‘imperfect’, condition of its being ‘imperfect’ (14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin imperfectus imperfect adj. + -iō -ion suffix¹, originally after Hellenistic Greek ἀκατάρτιστον . Compare imperfectness n., earlier unperfectness n., and unperfection n.Compare Catalan imperfecció (14th cent.), Spanish imperfección , Portuguese imperfeição (both 15th cent.), Italian imperfezione (early 14th cent.). Specific senses. With sense 4b compare French imperfections , plural (1680 or earlier in this sense). Specific forms. The α. forms show prefix substitution (see in- prefix⁴); compare Old French inperfection (late 12th cent.; rare).

1. The condition or quality of being imperfect (chiefly in sense 2 of the adjective); defectiveness, faultiness; incompleteness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun]

unperfectnessc1350

imperfectnessa1382

imperfectiona1398

unfullmakinga1400

unperfectionc1400

failing1590

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. vii. 69 But her [sc. the angels] purgacioun is not vndirstonde of corrupcioun of vices and of synne, but more verreyliche [of] inperfeccioun of goodnes.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §1007 Ihesu crist is entierly al good in hym nys noon inperfeccion [c1410 Harl. 7334 imperfeccioun].

a1475 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Cambr. Gg.1.16) (1997) i. iii. 7 Alle maner perfeccion in þis worlde hath a maner of imperfeccion annexid þerto.

1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. G.ii^v Imperfection is when that any perticular creature doth lacke any properte, instrument, or qualite, which communely, by nature is in all other or the moore part of that kynde.

1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (xv.) f. 57 Wee see the great..goodnesse of God,..neuer snubbing any childe of his for imperfection of faith.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. ii. 15 The materiality and imperfection of the law.

1682 H. More Annot. Disc. Truth 211 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. Indiscerpibility..of an Atom..from imperfection and privativeness.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. viii. 247 The Imperfection of our Manner of conceiving of Things, and the Obscureness of Language.

1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 65 [They] bear the marks of human imperfection.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. I. xvii. 35 Some [principles] which are unsteady and subvertible from the narrowness or imperfection of their basis.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 44 The necessary imperfection of language seems to require that we should view the truth under more than one aspect.

1919 J. Ruysbroeck tr. T. A. Hyde Kingdom of Lovers of God xxx. 157 Thus indeed shall we, without any imperfection, hasten unto and stand before the super-substantial essence of God.

1958 F. J. Turner in W. S. Fyfe et al. Metamorphic Reactions & Metamorphic Facies vii. 239 If they emphasize the imperfection of present knowledge they also serve to show where additional field, petrographic, and experimental data are most needed.

2006 A. Kuczynski Beauty Junkies vii. 134 While Hollywood celebrates perfection, it also yearns for the delicious, shuddering schadenfreude of imperfection.

2. An instance or example of defectiveness, faultiness, or incompleteness; a defect, a fault, a flaw; an inadequacy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection

imperfectiona1398

imperfective1601

rough edge1765

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. x. x. 565 Askis haþ þis defaute and imperfeccioun, þat þouȝ he be euery day imoistid..ȝet he is alway bareyne.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 323 (MED) Dionisius exiguus, abbotte, began to laboure the his compte, The imperfeccions [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. defautes] of whom he advertisede firste or allone.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) v. vi. sig. ss.i The seconde imperfeccyon of glorye worldely is a maner of anoysaunce.

1576 E. Aggas tr. P. de Mornay Def. of Death sig. B All the imperfections of humain nature, which before..vnder the lightnes of youth lay hidden, are therein reuealed.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 66 Inconcoction is an imperfection in the opposite passive qualities, proceeding from defect of heat.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 251 The natural and improved Imperfections of Language.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶4 One would take more than ordinary Care to guard ones self against this particular Imperfection [sc. Inconstancy].

1774 C. J. Phipps Voy. N. Pole 87 Error [to] be attributed to the imperfections in the manner of measuring the distance.

1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 191 This man, alloyed with imperfections as he may be, is consistent.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 8 He has left imperfections, which would have been removed if he had lived a few years longer.

1919 Pacific Reporter 177 744/2 The matter opposite marginal numeral 3..is radically imperfect. It is not an imperfection which may be cured by judicially inserting..words plainly omitted by reference to the context.

1949 R. K. Merton Social Theory v. 153 The community at large, however, evidently emphasizes the imperfections of bureaucracy.

2003 Hairflair Jan. 18/1 Applied under foundation, colour corrective creams and concealers mask imperfections that can't be disguised with standard concealer.

3. Early Music. The action or process of making a note twice (instead of three times) the length of a note of the next lower denomination (see imperfect adj. 5b); (with reference to a note) the fact or condition of being imperfect. Now historical.point of imperfection: see point n.¹ 16b(a).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > types of proportion

prolationa1393

imperfection1561

time?1596

induction1597

retort1597

divisive1952

1561 T. Sternhold et al. Psalmes To Rdr. sig. B.iii To set out a ful and absolute knowledge of the nature of the scale... What modes there are: and how many. What is perfection, what imperfection.

1596 Pathway to Musicke sig. Diii Imperfection is the taking away of the third part of the value of the perfect note.

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 54 Imperfection is made not only by the neere part of the Notes, but also by the remoued part.

1614 T. Ravenscroft (title) A briefe discovrse of..charact'ring the degrees by their perfection, imperfection and diminution, in measurable musicke.

1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music II. iv. i. 395 When the circle was discontinued, or cut through by a perpendicular or oblique stroke, it signified imperfection, or a progression by two, or, as we should say, in duple time.

1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music at Poinct The point of imperfection, placed on the left of the longa, diminishes its value.

1879 C. H. H. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 767/1 There are other ways in which the Perfection of certain notes may be changed to Imperfection.

1942 W. Apel Notation Polyphonic Music 900–1600 iii. iii. 229 Three important concepts of mensural notation, namely, perfection, alteration, and imperfection.

2000 A. Blachly in R. W. Duffin Performer's Guide Medieval Music xxxviii. 515 The next dot isolates the following semibreve in the manner of a dot of division, preventing its imperfection by the aforesaid second minim.

a. Printing. A letter or character missing from a particular font when it is supplied to a printer; a type (type n. 9a) cast or supplied to make up a deficiency in a font. Usually in plural. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > belonging to font > to make up deficiency in font

imperfection1669

arbitrary character1829

1669 J. Leigh Let. 4 Feb. (Rawl. D. 398) f. 141 I saw yo^e letter to M^r Scott wherin y^u mention M^r Halls intention to goe upon y^e Greek but wanted directions from mee of y^e defects (I suppose y^u meane imperfections).

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 381 When the Founder has not Cast a proportionable number of each sort of Letter, the wanting Letters are called Imperfections, as making the rest of the Fount unperfect.

1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. iii. 40 The word will measure longer, if it has letters of Imperfections in it that are cast thicker than the Sorts which were cast with the Fount.

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 243 Less occasion to cast imperfections, which often prove very hurtful to a new fount of letter; as they are seldom exact to the prior sorts.

1825 T. C. Hansard Typographia i. viii. 394 Imperfections..too often differ from the original fount, either in thickness, in height, in depth, or in lining, even when cast in moulds of the same body.

1894 Board of Trade: Rep. Wages & Hours of Labour: Pt. II 145 in Parl. Papers (C. 7567-I) LXXXI. ii. 305 No imperfection to be written at less than 1s.

1962 H. Davis & H. Carter in Moxon's Mech. Exerc. Printing (new ed.) 344 (note) Sorts to supplement a fount, if ordered within three months of delivery of the fount, are called ‘imperfections’ and charged at fount-price.

b. Bookbinding. A surplus, missing, or spoiled sheet of a work; (also) a sheet supplied to make up for a missing sheet, or to replace a spoiled one.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > leaf > surplus or missing leaf

imperfection1683

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 348 He Doubles or Quires up all the other Heaps and..writes upon them Imperfections of (the Title of the Book), and Writes on it the Signature of the Sheet that is Wanting.

1790 A. Smith Let. 25 May in Corr. (1977) 19 July lot 74 The bookbinder informed me..that one of the copies is imperfect, wanting the sheet E. I will beg the favour of you to send down the imperfection by the first parcel you send to Scotland.

1835 ‘J. A. Arnett’ Bibliopegia i. 13 If any sheet is wanting or belongs to another volume, or is a duplicate, the further progress of the work must be suspended, till the imperfection is procured or exchanged.

1875 Ann. Rep. Congress. Printer 2 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (44th Congr., 1st Sess.: Senate Misc. Doc. 11) I The amount realized during the year from the sale of paper-shavings, imperfections, documents, Congressional Records, &c, is $34,580.35.

1914 Wisconsin Libr. Bull. Dec. 293/2 Fiction need not be collated, although such a ruling may give annoyance to the reader who discovers the imperfection.

2000 Stud. in Bibliogr. 53 239 This seems to refer to the later printing of imperfections.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	imperfection
释义	imperfectionn. Brit. /ˌɪmpəˈfɛkʃn/, U.S. /ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/ Forms: α. Middle English inperfeccioun, Middle English jnperfeccyon, Middle English–1500s inperfeccion, Middle English–1500s inperfeccyon, 1500s–1600s inperfection. β. Middle English imperfeccioun, Middle English imperfeccoun, Middle English imperfeccyone, Middle English imperfectioun, Middle English–1500s imperfeccion, Middle English–1500s imperfeccyon, Middle English–1500s imperfectyon, 1500s imparfeccyon, 1500s imparfection, 1500s ymperfection, 1500s– imperfection; also Scottish pre-1700 imperfeccione, pre-1700 imperfeccioune, pre-1700 imperfectioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French imperfection; Latin imperfectio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French imperfection, Middle French imperfeccion (French imperfection ) condition or quality of being imperfect (12th cent. in Old French as imperfectiun ; use as singular in sense ‘defect, fault’ is first attested considerably later than in English: late 16th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin imperfection-, imperfectio incompleteness, unfinished state (4th cent.), defect, flaw (from 13th cent. in British sources), (in music) making of a note ‘imperfect’, condition of its being ‘imperfect’ (14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin imperfectus imperfect adj. + -iō -ion suffix¹, originally after Hellenistic Greek ἀκατάρτιστον . Compare imperfectness n., earlier unperfectness n., and unperfection n.Compare Catalan imperfecció (14th cent.), Spanish imperfección , Portuguese imperfeição (both 15th cent.), Italian imperfezione (early 14th cent.). Specific senses. With sense 4b compare French imperfections , plural (1680 or earlier in this sense). Specific forms. The α. forms show prefix substitution (see in- prefix⁴); compare Old French inperfection (late 12th cent.; rare). 1. The condition or quality of being imperfect (chiefly in sense 2 of the adjective); defectiveness, faultiness; incompleteness. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] unperfectnessc1350 imperfectnessa1382 imperfectiona1398 unfullmakinga1400 unperfectionc1400 failing1590 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. vii. 69 But her [sc. the angels] purgacioun is not vndirstonde of corrupcioun of vices and of synne, but more verreyliche [of] inperfeccioun of goodnes. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §1007 Ihesu crist is entierly al good in hym nys noon inperfeccion [c1410 Harl. 7334 imperfeccioun]. a1475 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Cambr. Gg.1.16) (1997) i. iii. 7 Alle maner perfeccion in þis worlde hath a maner of imperfeccion annexid þerto. 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. G.ii^v Imperfection is when that any perticular creature doth lacke any properte, instrument, or qualite, which communely, by nature is in all other or the moore part of that kynde. 1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (xv.) f. 57 Wee see the great..goodnesse of God,..neuer snubbing any childe of his for imperfection of faith. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. ii. 15 The materiality and imperfection of the law. 1682 H. More Annot. Disc. Truth 211 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. Indiscerpibility..of an Atom..from imperfection and privativeness. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. viii. 247 The Imperfection of our Manner of conceiving of Things, and the Obscureness of Language. 1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 65 [They] bear the marks of human imperfection. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. I. xvii. 35 Some [principles] which are unsteady and subvertible from the narrowness or imperfection of their basis. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 44 The necessary imperfection of language seems to require that we should view the truth under more than one aspect. 1919 J. Ruysbroeck tr. T. A. Hyde Kingdom of Lovers of God xxx. 157 Thus indeed shall we, without any imperfection, hasten unto and stand before the super-substantial essence of God. 1958 F. J. Turner in W. S. Fyfe et al. Metamorphic Reactions & Metamorphic Facies vii. 239 If they emphasize the imperfection of present knowledge they also serve to show where additional field, petrographic, and experimental data are most needed. 2006 A. Kuczynski Beauty Junkies vii. 134 While Hollywood celebrates perfection, it also yearns for the delicious, shuddering schadenfreude of imperfection. 2. An instance or example of defectiveness, faultiness, or incompleteness; a defect, a fault, a flaw; an inadequacy. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection imperfectiona1398 imperfective1601 rough edge1765 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. x. x. 565 Askis haþ þis defaute and imperfeccioun, þat þouȝ he be euery day imoistid..ȝet he is alway bareyne. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 323 (MED) Dionisius exiguus, abbotte, began to laboure the his compte, The imperfeccions [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. defautes] of whom he advertisede firste or allone. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) v. vi. sig. ss.i The seconde imperfeccyon of glorye worldely is a maner of anoysaunce. 1576 E. Aggas tr. P. de Mornay Def. of Death sig. B All the imperfections of humain nature, which before..vnder the lightnes of youth lay hidden, are therein reuealed. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 66 Inconcoction is an imperfection in the opposite passive qualities, proceeding from defect of heat. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 251 The natural and improved Imperfections of Language. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶4 One would take more than ordinary Care to guard ones self against this particular Imperfection [sc. Inconstancy]. 1774 C. J. Phipps Voy. N. Pole 87 Error [to] be attributed to the imperfections in the manner of measuring the distance. 1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 191 This man, alloyed with imperfections as he may be, is consistent. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 8 He has left imperfections, which would have been removed if he had lived a few years longer. 1919 Pacific Reporter 177 744/2 The matter opposite marginal numeral 3..is radically imperfect. It is not an imperfection which may be cured by judicially inserting..words plainly omitted by reference to the context. 1949 R. K. Merton Social Theory v. 153 The community at large, however, evidently emphasizes the imperfections of bureaucracy. 2003 Hairflair Jan. 18/1 Applied under foundation, colour corrective creams and concealers mask imperfections that can't be disguised with standard concealer. 3. Early Music. The action or process of making a note twice (instead of three times) the length of a note of the next lower denomination (see imperfect adj. 5b); (with reference to a note) the fact or condition of being imperfect. Now historical.point of imperfection: see point n.¹ 16b(a). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > types of proportion prolationa1393 imperfection1561 time?1596 induction1597 retort1597 divisive1952 1561 T. Sternhold et al. Psalmes To Rdr. sig. B.iii To set out a ful and absolute knowledge of the nature of the scale... What modes there are: and how many. What is perfection, what imperfection. 1596 Pathway to Musicke sig. Diii Imperfection is the taking away of the third part of the value of the perfect note. 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 54 Imperfection is made not only by the neere part of the Notes, but also by the remoued part. 1614 T. Ravenscroft (title) A briefe discovrse of..charact'ring the degrees by their perfection, imperfection and diminution, in measurable musicke. 1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music II. iv. i. 395 When the circle was discontinued, or cut through by a perpendicular or oblique stroke, it signified imperfection, or a progression by two, or, as we should say, in duple time. 1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music at Poinct The point of imperfection, placed on the left of the longa, diminishes its value. 1879 C. H. H. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 767/1 There are other ways in which the Perfection of certain notes may be changed to Imperfection. 1942 W. Apel Notation Polyphonic Music 900–1600 iii. iii. 229 Three important concepts of mensural notation, namely, perfection, alteration, and imperfection. 2000 A. Blachly in R. W. Duffin Performer's Guide Medieval Music xxxviii. 515 The next dot isolates the following semibreve in the manner of a dot of division, preventing its imperfection by the aforesaid second minim. 4. a. Printing. A letter or character missing from a particular font when it is supplied to a printer; a type (type n. 9a) cast or supplied to make up a deficiency in a font. Usually in plural. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > belonging to font > to make up deficiency in font imperfection1669 arbitrary character1829 1669 J. Leigh Let. 4 Feb. (Rawl. D. 398) f. 141 I saw yo^e letter to M^r Scott wherin y^u mention M^r Halls intention to goe upon y^e Greek but wanted directions from mee of y^e defects (I suppose y^u meane imperfections). 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 381 When the Founder has not Cast a proportionable number of each sort of Letter, the wanting Letters are called Imperfections, as making the rest of the Fount unperfect. 1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. iii. 40 The word will measure longer, if it has letters of Imperfections in it that are cast thicker than the Sorts which were cast with the Fount. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 243 Less occasion to cast imperfections, which often prove very hurtful to a new fount of letter; as they are seldom exact to the prior sorts. 1825 T. C. Hansard Typographia i. viii. 394 Imperfections..too often differ from the original fount, either in thickness, in height, in depth, or in lining, even when cast in moulds of the same body. 1894 Board of Trade: Rep. Wages & Hours of Labour: Pt. II 145 in Parl. Papers (C. 7567-I) LXXXI. ii. 305 No imperfection to be written at less than 1s. 1962 H. Davis & H. Carter in Moxon's Mech. Exerc. Printing (new ed.) 344 (note) Sorts to supplement a fount, if ordered within three months of delivery of the fount, are called ‘imperfections’ and charged at fount-price. b. Bookbinding. A surplus, missing, or spoiled sheet of a work; (also) a sheet supplied to make up for a missing sheet, or to replace a spoiled one. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > leaf > surplus or missing leaf imperfection1683 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 348 He Doubles or Quires up all the other Heaps and..writes upon them Imperfections of (the Title of the Book), and Writes on it the Signature of the Sheet that is Wanting. 1790 A. Smith Let. 25 May in Corr. (1977) 19 July lot 74 The bookbinder informed me..that one of the copies is imperfect, wanting the sheet E. I will beg the favour of you to send down the imperfection by the first parcel you send to Scotland. 1835 ‘J. A. Arnett’ Bibliopegia i. 13 If any sheet is wanting or belongs to another volume, or is a duplicate, the further progress of the work must be suspended, till the imperfection is procured or exchanged. 1875 Ann. Rep. Congress. Printer 2 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (44th Congr., 1st Sess.: Senate Misc. Doc. 11) I The amount realized during the year from the sale of paper-shavings, imperfections, documents, Congressional Records, &c, is $34,580.35. 1914 Wisconsin Libr. Bull. Dec. 293/2 Fiction need not be collated, although such a ruling may give annoyance to the reader who discovers the imperfection. 2000 Stud. in Bibliogr. 53 239 This seems to refer to the later printing of imperfections. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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