imperialismn.

Brit.

/ɪmˈpɪərɪəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ᵻmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: imperial adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < imperial adj. + -ism suffix, after imperialist n.In sense 2c after Russian imperializm (1916 or earlier in this sense in Lenin, especially in his monograph Imperializm, kak novejšij ètap kapitalizma (1917), literally ‘Imperialism, the Most Recent Stage of Capitalism’). Compare also German Imperialismus (1913 or earlier in similar uses in a Marxist context; 1871 in Marx's Der Bürgerkrieg in Frankreich, although Marx used the term to denote the system of government in use in the French Empire of Napoleon, i.e. as a specific use of sense 1).

1. An imperial system of government; rule by an emperor or supreme ruler, esp. when despotic or tyrannical. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > monarchical government > [noun] > imperial government

imperialism1684

empire1806

Caesarism1857

Kaiserism1863

1684 T. Beverley Scripture-line of Time vi. 68 Roman Imperialism dismounted, and made tributary, stamping upon them with its Legs of Iron.

1810 L. Goldsmith Secret Hist. Cabinet Bonaparte 10 Revolutionary Frenchmen..took the oath to maintain the Republic..; and not long after this, abjured the Republic, and embraced Imperialism!

1858 Westm. Rev. Oct. 344 To lower the intellectual vigour of the nation,..to exhibit to the world how the waywardness of mind will yield beneath the compression of a stern resolution—these are the tasks set itself by Imperialism.

1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. xxxiv Roman imperialism had divided the world into master and slave.

1869 Times 15 Oct. 6/6 Imperialism, or, indeed, any worse form of despotism.

1870 Daily News 8 Sept. 3 That this meeting begs to express its delight at the downfall of Imperialism in France, and the proclamation in lieu thereof of the Republic.

1922 B. Russell Probl. China ii. 21 We come to the..Han dynasty, which reigned from 206 B. C. to A. D. 220. This was the great age of Chinese imperialism—exactly coeval with the great age of Rome.

1953 R. A. Scalapino Democracy & Party Movement in Prewar Japan viii. 342 The 1932 thesis..made its two major points the overthrow of the Emperor system and the struggle against Japanese imperialism.

2008 R. Spaulding & M. York Sanctuary for Rights Mankind 24 The close of the eighteenth century, when the colonies sought to throw off the yoke of imperialism in order to establish a republicanism.

a. The principle or policy of empire; the advocacy of holding political dominion or control over dependent territories; spec. (in 19th cent. British politics) the principle or policy of seeking or allowing the extension of the British Empire to protect trade and investments, and of uniting separate and distinct parts of the British Empire for the purposes of defence, commerce, communication, etc., esp. as propounded by Benjamin Disraeli in the 1870s and denounced by his opponents. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > imperialism

imperialism1878

1878 J. Chamberlain Let. 15 Oct. in J. L. Garvin Life J. Chamberlain (1932) I. 267 This infernal Afghan business is the natural consequence of Jingoism, Imperialism, ‘British interests’, [etc.].

a1881 W. R. Greg Misc. Ess. (1882) 1st Ser. ii. 39 Under the pretext of Imperialism and farseeing statesmanship, the habitual and hitherto incurable fault of our Governments—especially of Tory Governments—has been to look too far ahead.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Jan. 2/2 ‘The Expansion of England’—with its firm grasp on the great possibilities of the New Englands beyond the sea, and its vivid realisation of the British Empire as ‘a world-wide Venice with the sea for streets’—gave..a decisive impulse to what may be called, in the slang of the day, ‘the new Imperialism’.

1898 Daily News 28 May 2/2 That odious system of bluster and swagger and might against right on which Lord Beaconsfield and his colleagues bestowed the tawdry nickname of Imperialism.

1899 A. Carnegie in N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 5 Imperialism implies naval and military force behind; moral force, education, civilization are not the backbone of Imperialism.

1914 A. C. McLaughlin & A. B. Hart Cycl. Amer. Govt. II. 152/1 As used in American politics, imperialism is employed to designate the policy on which the United States has embarked of acquiring territory not a part of the United States proper, nor contiguous to it.

1939 G. Hicks Figures of Transition ii. 80 He went to Disraeli and urged upon him a policy of enlightened imperialism and domestic palliation.

1983 A. Bullock E. Bevin ii. 63 It rejected imperialism in favour of equality between peoples.

2012 C. G. Dempsey Bringing Sacred down to Earth iv. 112 This anti-Christian anticolonialism..was in response to the failed promises of imperialism, prompted by the Indian mutiny of 1857 and news of subsequent atrocities.

b. The extension and maintenance of a country's power or influence through trade, diplomacy, military or cultural dominance, etc. Frequently with modifying word, as commercial imperialism, economic imperialism; cultural, dollar, linguistic imperialism: see the first element. Now usually depreciative.Frequently used of the influence and control of the United States over other countries.

ΚΠ

1883 H. M. Hyndman Hist. Basis Socialism xi. 392 There was an increased national rivalry to obtain control of the raw material and food producing areas since the resources of the world could be easily developed or exploited from any one centre. The result was the emergence of a new national economic imperialism.

1900 H. H. Bancroft New Pacific viii. 145 The word imperialism is used in this connection in a modern, American sense, as applicable to the empire of industry as well as to domain... It [implies]..the extension of political and commercial influence, particularly in the Pacific.

1922 B. Russell Probl. China x. 181 The argument would be that the economic imperialism of the United States will not tolerate the industrial development of a formidable rival in the Pacific.

1952 New Yorker 25 Oct. 106/2 Among Marty's other criminal fractionisms were that he thought American imperialism in France was of only secondary importance.

1958 Times 2 May 11/3 Economic nationalism is at the core of the Peronista gospel of liberation from the economic imperialism of foreigners.

2012 M. Kemp From Christ to Coke Introd. 8 American commercial imperialism has transformed the coke and Pepsi bottles into the most successful international invaders there have ever been.

c. Used chiefly in Communist writings with disparaging implications: the imperial system or policy of the Western (western adj. 4e) powers. Also used conversely with similar disparaging implications in some Western writings: the imperial system or policy of the Communist powers.According to Lenin, imperialism is the most fully developed form of capitalism, under which developed capitalist economies dominate and exploit undeveloped countries in order to generate the required levels of profit.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > imperialism > of communist or western powers

imperialism1918

1918 Manch. Guardian 13 Dec. 7/4 The Menshevik and the small bourgeois parties have published a declaration calling on workers all over the world to rally to the support of the Russian Revolution against the Imperialism attacking it.

1939 E. Varga & L. Mendelsohn (title) New data for V. I. Lenin's ‘Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism’.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxiv. 83 The essential features of imperialism are the concentration of capital, the merging of industrial and banking capital into ‘finance capital’ and the division of the world between national and international monopolies.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 319/2 It is sometimes said that Russian control of East European countries is ‘Russian imperialism’.

1979 Y. Shichor Middle East in China's Foreign Policy i. 15 The Chinese maintained that these [Middle Eastern] governments were collaborating with Western imperialism and belonged, therefore, to the forces of counter-revolution.

2002 M. Desai Marx's Revenge (2004) ix. 154 The Third International took a bold and uncompromising stance against imperialism and colonialism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	imperialism
释义	imperialismn. Brit. /ɪmˈpɪərɪəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ᵻmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: imperial adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < imperial adj. + -ism suffix, after imperialist n.In sense 2c after Russian imperializm (1916 or earlier in this sense in Lenin, especially in his monograph Imperializm, kak novejšij ètap kapitalizma (1917), literally ‘Imperialism, the Most Recent Stage of Capitalism’). Compare also German Imperialismus (1913 or earlier in similar uses in a Marxist context; 1871 in Marx's Der Bürgerkrieg in Frankreich, although Marx used the term to denote the system of government in use in the French Empire of Napoleon, i.e. as a specific use of sense 1). 1. An imperial system of government; rule by an emperor or supreme ruler, esp. when despotic or tyrannical. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > monarchical government > [noun] > imperial government imperialism1684 empire1806 Caesarism1857 Kaiserism1863 1684 T. Beverley Scripture-line of Time vi. 68 Roman Imperialism dismounted, and made tributary, stamping upon them with its Legs of Iron. 1810 L. Goldsmith Secret Hist. Cabinet Bonaparte 10 Revolutionary Frenchmen..took the oath to maintain the Republic..; and not long after this, abjured the Republic, and embraced Imperialism! 1858 Westm. Rev. Oct. 344 To lower the intellectual vigour of the nation,..to exhibit to the world how the waywardness of mind will yield beneath the compression of a stern resolution—these are the tasks set itself by Imperialism. 1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. xxxiv Roman imperialism had divided the world into master and slave. 1869 Times 15 Oct. 6/6 Imperialism, or, indeed, any worse form of despotism. 1870 Daily News 8 Sept. 3 That this meeting begs to express its delight at the downfall of Imperialism in France, and the proclamation in lieu thereof of the Republic. 1922 B. Russell Probl. China ii. 21 We come to the..Han dynasty, which reigned from 206 B. C. to A. D. 220. This was the great age of Chinese imperialism—exactly coeval with the great age of Rome. 1953 R. A. Scalapino Democracy & Party Movement in Prewar Japan viii. 342 The 1932 thesis..made its two major points the overthrow of the Emperor system and the struggle against Japanese imperialism. 2008 R. Spaulding & M. York Sanctuary for Rights Mankind 24 The close of the eighteenth century, when the colonies sought to throw off the yoke of imperialism in order to establish a republicanism. 2. a. The principle or policy of empire; the advocacy of holding political dominion or control over dependent territories; spec. (in 19th cent. British politics) the principle or policy of seeking or allowing the extension of the British Empire to protect trade and investments, and of uniting separate and distinct parts of the British Empire for the purposes of defence, commerce, communication, etc., esp. as propounded by Benjamin Disraeli in the 1870s and denounced by his opponents. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > imperialism imperialism1878 1878 J. Chamberlain Let. 15 Oct. in J. L. Garvin Life J. Chamberlain (1932) I. 267 This infernal Afghan business is the natural consequence of Jingoism, Imperialism, ‘British interests’, [etc.]. a1881 W. R. Greg Misc. Ess. (1882) 1st Ser. ii. 39 Under the pretext of Imperialism and farseeing statesmanship, the habitual and hitherto incurable fault of our Governments—especially of Tory Governments—has been to look too far ahead. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Jan. 2/2 ‘The Expansion of England’—with its firm grasp on the great possibilities of the New Englands beyond the sea, and its vivid realisation of the British Empire as ‘a world-wide Venice with the sea for streets’—gave..a decisive impulse to what may be called, in the slang of the day, ‘the new Imperialism’. 1898 Daily News 28 May 2/2 That odious system of bluster and swagger and might against right on which Lord Beaconsfield and his colleagues bestowed the tawdry nickname of Imperialism. 1899 A. Carnegie in N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 5 Imperialism implies naval and military force behind; moral force, education, civilization are not the backbone of Imperialism. 1914 A. C. McLaughlin & A. B. Hart Cycl. Amer. Govt. II. 152/1 As used in American politics, imperialism is employed to designate the policy on which the United States has embarked of acquiring territory not a part of the United States proper, nor contiguous to it. 1939 G. Hicks Figures of Transition ii. 80 He went to Disraeli and urged upon him a policy of enlightened imperialism and domestic palliation. 1983 A. Bullock E. Bevin ii. 63 It rejected imperialism in favour of equality between peoples. 2012 C. G. Dempsey Bringing Sacred down to Earth iv. 112 This anti-Christian anticolonialism..was in response to the failed promises of imperialism, prompted by the Indian mutiny of 1857 and news of subsequent atrocities. b. The extension and maintenance of a country's power or influence through trade, diplomacy, military or cultural dominance, etc. Frequently with modifying word, as commercial imperialism, economic imperialism; cultural, dollar, linguistic imperialism: see the first element. Now usually depreciative.Frequently used of the influence and control of the United States over other countries. ΚΠ 1883 H. M. Hyndman Hist. Basis Socialism xi. 392 There was an increased national rivalry to obtain control of the raw material and food producing areas since the resources of the world could be easily developed or exploited from any one centre. The result was the emergence of a new national economic imperialism. 1900 H. H. Bancroft New Pacific viii. 145 The word imperialism is used in this connection in a modern, American sense, as applicable to the empire of industry as well as to domain... It [implies]..the extension of political and commercial influence, particularly in the Pacific. 1922 B. Russell Probl. China x. 181 The argument would be that the economic imperialism of the United States will not tolerate the industrial development of a formidable rival in the Pacific. 1952 New Yorker 25 Oct. 106/2 Among Marty's other criminal fractionisms were that he thought American imperialism in France was of only secondary importance. 1958 Times 2 May 11/3 Economic nationalism is at the core of the Peronista gospel of liberation from the economic imperialism of foreigners. 2012 M. Kemp From Christ to Coke Introd. 8 American commercial imperialism has transformed the coke and Pepsi bottles into the most successful international invaders there have ever been. c. Used chiefly in Communist writings with disparaging implications: the imperial system or policy of the Western (western adj. 4e) powers. Also used conversely with similar disparaging implications in some Western writings: the imperial system or policy of the Communist powers.According to Lenin, imperialism is the most fully developed form of capitalism, under which developed capitalist economies dominate and exploit undeveloped countries in order to generate the required levels of profit. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > imperialism > of communist or western powers imperialism1918 1918 Manch. Guardian 13 Dec. 7/4 The Menshevik and the small bourgeois parties have published a declaration calling on workers all over the world to rally to the support of the Russian Revolution against the Imperialism attacking it. 1939 E. Varga & L. Mendelsohn (title) New data for V. I. Lenin's ‘Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism’. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxiv. 83 The essential features of imperialism are the concentration of capital, the merging of industrial and banking capital into ‘finance capital’ and the division of the world between national and international monopolies. 1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 319/2 It is sometimes said that Russian control of East European countries is ‘Russian imperialism’. 1979 Y. Shichor Middle East in China's Foreign Policy i. 15 The Chinese maintained that these [Middle Eastern] governments were collaborating with Western imperialism and belonged, therefore, to the forces of counter-revolution. 2002 M. Desai Marx's Revenge (2004) ix. 154 The Third International took a bold and uncompromising stance against imperialism and colonialism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1684
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