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单词 improvisation
释义

improvisationn.

Brit. /ˌɪmprəvʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ᵻmˌprɑvəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɪmprəvəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɪmprəˌvaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: 1700s– improvisation, 1800s– improvization (nonstandard), 1800s– improvvisation.
Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: improviso v., improviso adj., -ation suffix; improvise v., -ation suffix.
Etymology: In early use probably < either improviso v. or improviso adj. + -ation suffix. Compare German Improvisation (1790 or earlier), French improvisation (1807), Italian improvvisazione (1877). In later use probably < improvise v. + -ation suffix. Compare earlier improvisatore n. and later improvisate v.In form improvvisation ultimately after Italian improvvisare improvise v.
1.
a. The action or fact of composing or performing music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously, or without preparation; this method of performance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > improvisation
improvisation1777
improvision1836
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun] > improvising
extempore1610
extemporizing1644
improvisation1777
improvising1798
extemporization1860
get-off1932
noodling1937
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > [noun] > art or practice of poetry > improvising poems
improvisation1777
improvising1798
improvision1836
1777 H. L. Thrale Diary Nov.–Dec. in Thraliana (1942) I. 209 Baretti and I were talking one Day of the Art of Improvisation: Johnson says he, can do it as well as any Italian of us all if he pleases.
1811 W. Scott Don Roderick Introd. ix. 72 (note) The flexibility of the Italian and Spanish languages..renders these countries distinguished for the talent of improvisation.
1849 G. Ticknor Hist. Spanish Lit. II. xviii. 253 In the time of Lope de Vega, the passion for such improvisation had risen higher than it ever rose before, if it had not spread out more widely. Actors were expected sometimes to improvisate on themes given to them by the audience.
1871 Musical Times 1 Apr. 43/2 The two cadenzas, introduced by him in the first and last movements, were remarkable specimens of improvisation.
1913 Times 29 July 11/1 Among the subjects of study are gymnastics, music, voice training..dancing, mimo-drama, improvisation..and stage model-making.
1971 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 77 391 Ironically, the currently established jazz idiom..was itself a reaction to the increasingly routinized qualities of jazz improvisation.
2014 Sun (Nexis) 12 Sept. 51 The saccharine script means Williams' talents for wild improvisation are ignored.
b. An example of this; a poem, piece of music, etc., composed or performed spontaneously or without preparation.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > other types of piece
tinternel1573
aubade1678
nome1705
accompaniment1728
potboiler1783
raga1789
elegy1808
improvisation1824
pièce d'occasion1830
morceau de salon1854
tum-tum1859
murky1876
test-piece1876
invention1880
monodia1880
serenata1883
monody1887
dumka1895
incidental number1904
a cappella1905
folk-tune1907
realization1911
nosebleeder1921
show tune1927
sicilienne1927
estampie1937
ballad1944
Siciliana1947
hard rocker1957
rabble-rouser1958
display1959
mobile1961
soundscape1968
grower1973
lounge1978
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [noun] > improvised poem
extempore1610
impromptu1683
improvise1820
improvisation1824
1824 New Monthly Mag. 11 195 He carried his stupid vanity so far as to compare his improvisations to the sonnets of Petrarch.
1871 E. Graeme Beethoven (1876) ii. 27 Beethoven..requested a thema for an improvisation.
1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch I. ii. xx. 364 This speech..was not indeed entirely an improvisation, but had taken shape in inward colloquy.
1928 W. W. Lawrence Beowulf & Epic Trad. 3 We must agree to judge Beowulf,..not as the improvisation of an untutored minstrel, but as a well-considered work of art.
1958 E. Dundy Dud Avocado i. vii. 114 The Stanislavsky Method: working for realism through improvisations and sense memory, and emotional recall.
2010 Guardian 6 Aug. (Film & Music section) 11/1 Escreet's piano improvisations, given to starting with a deceptive reflectiveness, erupt into dazzling freefall fireworks.
2. The action or fact of doing anything spontaneously, without preparation, or on the spur of the moment; the action of responding to circumstances or making do with what is available; an instance of this. Also: the result of this; something produced or created in this manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [noun] > unplanned quality or action
impulsion1532
autoschediastic1641
impulsiveness1659
extemporariness1671
impulse1763
extemporaneousness1764
unpremeditatedness1769
undesignednessa1774
unpremeditation1807
undeliberateness1817
spontaneity1826
improvisation1833
fortuity1860
impulsivity1891
1833 Standard 16 Jan. This carrying forward public business by improvisation as it were on one side, and surprise on the other.
1834 Standard 22 Mar. In such improvisations for the government of human societies..much will be always found to be deficient.
1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. xi. 214 The terra-cotta decorations..have all the spontaneity of improvisation.
1884 S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 231 The Crystal Palace Opera House, an improvisation on Dominion square [Montreal] is open in summer as an Opera House and in winter as a Skating Rink.
1916 R. Kipling Tales of ‘Trade’ 13 The full tale of their improvisations and ‘make-do's’ will probably never come to light.
1944 Pop. Mech. Feb. 146/2 With machine shops often unavailable, and with tools and parts often missing, field servicemen are past masters at the art of improvisation.
1996 New Republic 18 Mar. 23/1 The border drawn by Churchill along the river in 1922..was an improvisation.
2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 29 May 29/4 The messy ‘romanticism’ of the Yeltsin period, its improvisations and messy compromises.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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