immobilizev.

/ɪˈməʊbɪlʌɪz/

Etymology: < French immobiliser (1835 Dict. Acad.), < immobile: compare mobilize.

1. transitive. To render immobile; to fix immovably; to keep (a joint or limb) without motion for surgical purposes; to render (troops) incapable of being mobilized; to withdraw (specie) from circulation, holding it against bank-notes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)]

fasteneOE

immarble1596

immobilitate1654

immobilize1871

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > levy or mobilize > disband

cash1564

cashier1580

disband1591

reform1604

reduce1637

disbandon1640

disembody1762

demobilize1850

immobilize1871

demob1919

1871 Daily News 4 Jan. To oblige the enemy to immobilize around us considerable forces.

1872 Contemp. Rev. 20 581 [It] puts an end to the idea of future progress by immobilizing the organization of the present.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 769 The patient..had his limb placed upon a cushion without being immobilised.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Dec. 6/3 The Italian écus, being immobilized in the State and in the Latin Union treasuries.

1898 M. P. Shiel Yellow Danger 131 The whole Allied navy..had been almost immobilised for lack of steam-fuel.

2. Soil Science and Botany. To convert (a plant nutrient) from a form in which it can be utilized by a plant to one in which it cannot; to assimilate and thereby render unavailable to (other) plants. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > nutrition, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > convert nutrient into unusable form

immobilize1951

1951 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 15 168/2 Fertilizer and nonfertilizer nitrogen must have been absorbed and immobilized in proportion to their relative available concentrations in the soil.

1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ix. 135 If there is a deficit of nitrogen in the added organic matter, the microbes will immobilize ammonia and nitrates from the soil.

1958 U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1957 760/1 The addition of fresh straw or sawdust to the soil may greatly increase the number of bacteria. These remove available nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil and immobilize them within their cells.

1967 M. Fried & H. Broeshart Soil—Plant Syst. vii. 240 Soluble phosphates that are applied to the soil are generally immobilized.

1971 Nature 9 Apr. 403/1 Becium homblei..grows on soils rich in copper, and it has been shown to accumulate heavy metals. Other plants also have this characteristic, and their ability to immobilize in insoluble form..has been noted.

Derivatives

immobiliˈzation n. the action or process of immobilizing; concrete specie withdrawn from circulation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > deprivation of movement

immobilization1882

the world > life > biology > biological processes > nutrition, etc. > [noun] > converting nutrient into unusable form

immobilization1882

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > coins withdrawn from circulation

immobilization1882

1882 Quain's Med. Dict. 780/1 Immobilization [of a diseased joint] should not be continued longer than necessary.

1894 Daily News 28 July 7/4 The immobilisation of the Italian banks will be distributed as follows: To the Bank of Italy about 400 million francs [etc.].

1951 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 15 166/2 Immobilization is here used to denote the process of conversion of inorganic nitrogen to organic combinations either through plant uptake or through microbial absorption.

1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ix. 132 Either plants or microorganisms may convert NH₄⁺ or NO₃⁻ to organic form (chiefly protein). The conversion of inorganic compounds to organic form is called immobilization.

1956 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 20 217/2 The tie-up (immobilization) or release (mineralization) of soil nitrogen depends very much on the chemical composition of the material undergoing decomposition.

1970 Analyt. Biochem. 33 341 The physical entrapment of enzymes in insoluble matrices seems to provide a general method of immobilization.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	immobilize
释义	immobilizev. /ɪˈməʊbɪlʌɪz/ Etymology: < French immobiliser (1835 Dict. Acad.), < immobile: compare mobilize. 1. transitive. To render immobile; to fix immovably; to keep (a joint or limb) without motion for surgical purposes; to render (troops) incapable of being mobilized; to withdraw (specie) from circulation, holding it against bank-notes. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] fasteneOE immarble1596 immobilitate1654 immobilize1871 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > levy or mobilize > disband cash1564 cashier1580 disband1591 reform1604 reduce1637 disbandon1640 disembody1762 demobilize1850 immobilize1871 demob1919 1871 Daily News 4 Jan. To oblige the enemy to immobilize around us considerable forces. 1872 Contemp. Rev. 20 581 [It] puts an end to the idea of future progress by immobilizing the organization of the present. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 769 The patient..had his limb placed upon a cushion without being immobilised. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Dec. 6/3 The Italian écus, being immobilized in the State and in the Latin Union treasuries. 1898 M. P. Shiel Yellow Danger 131 The whole Allied navy..had been almost immobilised for lack of steam-fuel. 2. Soil Science and Botany. To convert (a plant nutrient) from a form in which it can be utilized by a plant to one in which it cannot; to assimilate and thereby render unavailable to (other) plants. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > nutrition, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > convert nutrient into unusable form immobilize1951 1951 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 15 168/2 Fertilizer and nonfertilizer nitrogen must have been absorbed and immobilized in proportion to their relative available concentrations in the soil. 1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ix. 135 If there is a deficit of nitrogen in the added organic matter, the microbes will immobilize ammonia and nitrates from the soil. 1958 U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1957 760/1 The addition of fresh straw or sawdust to the soil may greatly increase the number of bacteria. These remove available nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil and immobilize them within their cells. 1967 M. Fried & H. Broeshart Soil—Plant Syst. vii. 240 Soluble phosphates that are applied to the soil are generally immobilized. 1971 Nature 9 Apr. 403/1 Becium homblei..grows on soils rich in copper, and it has been shown to accumulate heavy metals. Other plants also have this characteristic, and their ability to immobilize in insoluble form..has been noted. Derivatives immobiliˈzation n. the action or process of immobilizing; concrete specie withdrawn from circulation. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > deprivation of movement immobilization1882 the world > life > biology > biological processes > nutrition, etc. > [noun] > converting nutrient into unusable form immobilization1882 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > coins withdrawn from circulation immobilization1882 1882 Quain's Med. Dict. 780/1 Immobilization [of a diseased joint] should not be continued longer than necessary. 1894 Daily News 28 July 7/4 The immobilisation of the Italian banks will be distributed as follows: To the Bank of Italy about 400 million francs [etc.]. 1951 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 15 166/2 Immobilization is here used to denote the process of conversion of inorganic nitrogen to organic combinations either through plant uptake or through microbial absorption. 1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ix. 132 Either plants or microorganisms may convert NH₄⁺ or NO₃⁻ to organic form (chiefly protein). The conversion of inorganic compounds to organic form is called immobilization. 1956 Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 20 217/2 The tie-up (immobilization) or release (mineralization) of soil nitrogen depends very much on the chemical composition of the material undergoing decomposition. 1970 Analyt. Biochem. 33 341 The physical entrapment of enzymes in insoluble matrices seems to provide a general method of immobilization. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.1871
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