immuneadj.n.

Brit.

/ᵻˈmjuːn/, U.S.

/ᵻˈmjun/

Forms: late Middle English immuyn, late Middle English 1600s 1800s– immune, 1600s immun.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin immūnis.

Etymology: < classical Latin immūnis exempt from tribute or taxation, exempt from duties or obligations, free < im- im- prefix² + mūnis ready to be of service (see common adj.). Compare Middle French immuni exempt (1408), Middle French immun exempt from duties, taxation, etc., privileged (1431; French immun ). Compare also Catalan immune (1377), Spanish inmune (1379), Portuguese imun (16th cent.), Italian immune (a1306), and German immun (18th cent.). Compare earlier immunity n.

A. adj.

†a. Free or clear (of something regarded as undesirable or damaging). Also with from. Cf. free adj. 9c. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > non-possession > [adjective] > devoid of something > something unpleasant

voidc1420

immune?1440

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vi. 237 O Sone o God..of synys drope or fraude immuyn.

1606 J. Coprario Funeral Teares sig. B Let Deu'nshire triumph, and his honor keepe Immune, and cleare from darke mortaliie.

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 448 Free, immune, and wholly independent of any contagion or corruption that may happen to those formes.

1658 J. Robinson Endoxa ix. 48 The Cochlearia..will not abide the French Air, (which is immune from it).

b. Exempt from a charge or burden; free (from a liability, obligation, or penalty); not legally subject (to a jurisdiction, law, etc.). rare in 18th and 19th centuries.In early use esp. of ecclesiastical immunity; in modern use esp. from prosecution or arrest. Cf. immunity n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > [adjective]

freeOE

sheerc1275

shentc1400

immunec1460

exempt1471

illiablea1657

exempted1726

c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 150 (MED) Þabbot and Couent..fro þe Axyng..we wille þem to Be assoyled..Decreyng thabbot and Couent..to Be immune or partles fro þe ȝeuyng of þe foresaide smale tithis.

1653 E. Chisenhale Catholike Hist. 263 These Provincials were free and immune without appealing to the See of Rome.

1697 G. Dallas Syst. Stiles 365 Neither the said I. L. M. Pursuer, nor his Heirs & Successors..[are] liable to the said J. E. of B. or his Heirs or Successors, their pretended Right and Jurisdiction..but on the contrary..are altogether Immune, free, and liberat therefrom.

1896 Times 27 May 5/6 Political offenders..are rendered immune from further prosecution.

1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago: Confidential i. xi. 110 The police chief of a near-by suburb sells ‘courtesy cards’ for a modest fee, which makes motorists and truck drivers immune from arrest.

1965 F. Knebel Night of Camp David iii. 490 Members of Congress are immune from arrest.

1988 G. T. Marx Undercover v. 92 Undercover tactics offer an important means for dealing with the crimes of higher-status offenders who may otherwise be virtually immune from prosecution.

2006 Daily Tel. 12 May 17/7 The judges ruled that orders in council were not immune to judicial scrutiny.

2. figurative. Wholly protected (from something injurious or distasteful); not susceptible or responsive (to something).Not always clearly distinguishable from sense A. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or invulnerable

impassiblea1492

impatible?1541

proof1583

invulnerable1596

woundless1604

charmeda1616

unvulnerablea1616

inexposable1618

inobnoxious1659

impregnate1721

wreckless1822

uninjurable1846

immune1861

trouble-proof1878

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [adjective] > involving subjection to action or influence > able or liable to be affected > not

superior1566

unsubject1583

unliable1590

insusceptible1603

uncapable1611

unexposeda1691

impassive1715

unsusceptible1734

insusceptive1752

waterproof1797

unsubjectable1829

immune1861

1861 Lancet 15 June 580/2 Neither dead organic nor inorganic bodies are immune from change.

1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 203 Miquel claims..to have isolated the toxic principles, and rendered other water immune by their aid.

1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 235 Among the graves, she felt immune from the world.

1955 Sci. Amer. June 96/3 The magnetic-core memory..is relatively immune to unwanted electrical disturbances.

1973 Daily Tel. 7 Mar. 18 Orwell was a bad poet and immune to the arts (though a most likeable man).

2002 BusinessWeek 23 Sept. 56/2 Even blue chips aren't immune to Tokyo's market woes.

a. Medicine (and Biology). Protected from or resistant to some noxious agent or process; spec. having immunity to an infectious disease, pathogen, or antigen. With from, to. Cf. immunity n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > immune

immune1866

premune1928

1866 Lancet 30 June 718/2 But Mr. Lee then goes on to say that the skin will in time become immune to other irritants as well.

1882 Rep. Med. Officer 1881 in 11th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board 1881–2 200 Pasteur further states that the animals inoculated with the mitigated virus remain immune against further attacks of anthrax.

1888 F. P. Cobbe in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 226 But (to use the new medical barbarism) we are never ‘immune’ altogether from the contagion.

1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. vii. 229 There are varieties of tall-growing bananas similar in habit to ‘Gros Michel’, such as ‘Giant Fig’, ‘Lacatan’, &c., which are immune from Panama disease.

1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. vi. 50 The zebra..has..the immense advantage of being entirely immune from Horse Sickness and Nagana disease.

1981 Oxf. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 6 Pest controllers are battling against a breed of ‘super-rats’ which are immune to normal poisons.

2004 J. Buchanan Road to Valley Forge x. 193 In prevaccination years there was only way to become immune to smallpox: to catch it and survive.

b. attributive. Of or relating to the phenomena of and processes involved in immunity; = immunological adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > immune > relating to immunity

immune1899

1899 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 2) xix. 485 His observations show that the body specially developed in the blood of the animal treated—the ‘immune-body’, enters into firm combination with the red corpuscles.

1928 L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. ii. 19 The immune substances produced by the animal are termed antibodies.

1969 Times 24 Mar. 4/7 Antilymphocytic serum..combats the particular immune defence mechanism responsible for rejecting tissue grafts.

1991 Sci. News 5 Jan. 4/3 Influenza infection triggers unusually high levels of IgA, and immune protein that concentrates in the mucosal surfaces of respiratory, gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts.

2004 Independent 9 Nov. (Review section) 13/3 Very occasionally, urticaria is the first manifestation of an underlying immune disorder.

B. n.

a. An immune individual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > resistance to disease > immunity > person

immune1898

1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Apr. 7/1 Regiments (mainly composed of negroes from the Southern States and other yellow fever immunes).

1909 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 764 All extracted immunes [sc. wheat plants immune to yellow rust] should breed true to this feature.

1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) viii. 105 After an epidemic the community remains free from that disease until the proportion of immunes declines and the density of susceptibles is once more raised to pre-epidemic level.

1975 Managem. Sci. 22 413 The same nonrabies death rate..is experienced by both the immunes and the susceptibles.

2003 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 40 296/2 Susceptibles have never been exposed to FMD or have lost their immunity..and immunes have recovered from the disease and have temporary immunity.

b. With the and plural agreement: immune individuals as a class.

ΚΠ

1892 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Nov. 990/1 The possession by the ‘immune’ of..an increased capacity for defensive action.

1980 W. Kaufmann Discovering Mind II. ii. xx. 103 The immune [from seasickness] are much less likely to keep talking about cowardice of less fortunate people who easily get seasick and therefore do not go on voyages of discovery.

Compounds

(In sense A. 3.)

immune body n. Medicine (and Biology) (now historical). = antibody n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun]

immune body1899

antibody1901

MAb1980

1899 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 2) xix. 485 Ehrlich has recently applied his theory of antitoxines to the lysogenic action of sera towards bacteria and red corpuscles... His observations show that the body specially developed in the blood of the animal treated—the ‘immune-body’, enters into firm combination with the red corpuscles.

1900 tr. P. Ehrlich in Proc. Royal Soc. 66 443 I have sought..to make clear the mechanism concerned in the action of these two components—the stable, which may be designated ‘immune body’, and the unstable, which may be designated ‘complement’—which, acting together, effect the solution of the red blood corpuscles.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) x. 137 Neisser and Wechsberg (1901) found that the bactericidal action of immune serum was impaired by the presence of excess of immune body.

immune cell n. Medicine (and Biology) any cell involved in an immune response or forming part of the immune system.

ΚΠ

1907 Lancet 9 Feb. 379/2 This immunity may certainly result from mere passive irresponsiveness, but it is probably also due to the operation of special defensive mechanisms on the part of the immune cells.

1964 Science 25 Sept. 1429/2 A non-phagocytic mechanism which..demands contact between immune cell and target cell.

1996 Independent 12 Sept. 5/1 The hope is that these proteins, known as lectins, can be developed into compounds which block a crucial phase in the lifecycle of the virus—the point when it recognises and attaches itself to human immune cells.

immune complex n. Medicine (and Biology) a molecular complex of antigen and antibody (frequently attributive).

ΚΠ

1958 Science 3 Oct. 779/1 It is possible to envisage C´ [= complement] as a stabilizer of readily dissociable immune complexes by virtue of its cross-linking activity.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) ii. 203 It is a multiorgan disease with lesions in the skin (erythematous rash), joints (polyarthritis) and kidney (glomerulonephritis), which will be recognised as characteristic of immune complex diseases of the serum sickness type.

2000 Frederick (Maryland) Post 10 Mar. a11/1 Immune complexes that may be responsible for disease are removed [from the blood].

immune deficiency n. Medicine (and Biology) = immunodeficiency n. (frequently attributive).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > susceptibility to disease > immunodeficiency

immune deficiency1965

immunodeficiency1969

1965 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 39 979/1 In an effort to detect a qualitative immune deficiency, the serum was studied for specific neutralizing antibodies against viruses.

1988 M. Bishop Unicorn Mountain (1989) xxv. 293 He felt woozy, but his wooziness stemmed not from his worsening immune deficiency, but from hunger.

2003 L. Uys in L. Uys & S. Cameron Home-based HIV/AIDS Care i. 3 Medical management of patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), ideally delivered through dedicated AIDS clinics.

immune globulin n. Medicine (and Biology) (a) a preparation containing antibodies, used to prevent or treat a disease (frequently with distinguishing word) (cf. antiserum n.); (b) = immunoglobulin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > types of

Russell body1892

precipitin1900

nephrotoxin1902

hepatotoxin1903

opsonin1903

autoantibody1905

concanavalin1917

isoantibody1919

reagin1925

immune globulin1934

macroglobulin1952

immunoglobulin1953

properdin1954

LATS1961

alloantibody1964

xenoantibody1974

monoclonal1980

abzyme1986

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum

immune serum1899

immune globulin1934

anti-serum-

1934 Science 9 Nov. 7 (advt.) A new product from the Squibb Laboratories..Immune Globulin (Human)..A soluble concentrated globulin extract of placenta, intended primarily for the prevention, modification and treatment of measles.

1958 H. J. Parish Antisera, Toxoids, Vaccines & Tuberculins (ed. 4) ix. 78 Large pools of adult plasma normally contain a variety of protective antibodies..located mainly in the gamma fraction of the globulin or, as it is sometimes called, the immune globulin.

1997 D. Quinn My Ishmael (1999) 229 Get shots—tetanus-diphtheria booster, hepatitis-A immune globulin, yellow fever, cholera.

2000 Ecol. Monogr. 70 619/1 Because different proteins (e.g., bovine serum albumin or immune globulin) have different binding affinities for Coomassie Brilliant Blue..we reasoned that a pollen standard should be used for comparing pollen proteins.

immune-mediated adj. Medicine (and Biology) mediated by or resulting from immunological mechanisms.

ΚΠ

1971 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 50 542/2 The induction of hemolytic anemia by drugs or other chemical agents may be precipitated by several different mechanisms: immune-mediated reactions, [etc.].

1995 Dogfancy July 24/1 What causes a breakdown of the skin's defenses? Usually it is related to external parasitism (fleas, scabies, ticks), immune-mediated skin disease (allergies, pemphigus, lupus) or hormone imbalances.

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 16 July xiii. 8/2 This illness traditionally has been thought to be immune-mediated, meaning the immune system attacks part of the body as if it's a foreign substance.

immune proteid n. (also immunproteid) [after German Immunproteïdin (R. Emmerich & O. Lowe 1899, in Zeitschr. f Hygiene u. Infectionskrankheiten 31 10)] Medicine (and Biology) rare (now disused) a protein (supposedly) formed by the union of a bacterial enzyme with a serum protein.

ΚΠ

1901 D. A. Bergey Princ. Hygiene xvii. 343 The pyocyaneus proteolytic enzyme, when combined with blood-serum—pyocyaneus-immune proteid—is capable not only of dissolving the diphtheria bacillus..but also of neutralizing the effect of the diphtheric toxin.]

1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) 177 The gradual formation within the body of a compound of the bacteriolytic enzyme with some albuminous body; the resulting immune proteid retains the proteolytic activity of the original enzyme.

1903 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 333/2 Immunproteid, a substance formed in the body of animals on the injection of an old bacterial culture by the union of the zymase of the culture with the body albumin.

immune response n. Medicine (and Biology) the reaction produced by the body to a foreign organism or substance, or against its own (usually abnormal) constituents.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum > reaction to antigen

immune response1923

1923 Lancet 20 Jan. 157/1 ‘Tolerance’ is, or carries with it, a ‘high tide of immunity’..other than that ‘high tide’ which belongs to every ‘immune response’.

1963 P. G. H. Gell & R. R. Coombs Clin. Aspects Immunol. i. 5 Before we can understand much about ‘immune’ responses and their results, protective or damaging, on the host, we need to know more about the separation of antibody responses from the ‘cellular’ responses.

2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health i. 15 There are two types of immunization available, one long-lasting vaccine which stimulates the body to make an immune response and an immunoglobulin, which provides short-term but immediate protection.

immune serum n. Medicine (and Biology) serum which contains antibodies, esp. to a specific organism or antigen; = antiserum n. b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum

immune serum1899

immune globulin1934

anti-serum-

1899 Lancet 14 Jan. 108/1 (heading) Bacteriological tests—supply of immune serum.

1946 K. Landsteiner Specificity Serol. Reactions (rev. ed.) i. 7 Sera that contain antibodies as the result of the injection of antigens are called ‘immune sera’ (antisera).

1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind xiv. 446 Working with streptococci, they showed that, if the leucocytes from a treated animal were placed in immune serum, the resultant phagocytosis was exceptionally active.

immune system n. Medicine (and Biology) the complex system of organs, cells, and molecules responsible for producing the body's protective response to a foreign organism or substance or its own abnormal cells.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] > make-up responsible for immune response

immune system1943

1943 Science 30 Apr. 406/1 Complement..is removed by the addition of an antigen and the corresponding rabbit antibody unrelated to the immune system to be analysed.

1965 N.Y. Times 24 Oct. iv. 8/3 Enlisting the body's own natural defense mechanisms—primarily the immune system—to fight cancer is one approach.

1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) iv. 76 The immune system identifies invaders, switches itself on, generates defenders armed specifically to deal with whatever invaders are around, kills them and switches itself off before the body is unduly harmed.

2004 Guardian 13 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 87/3 Although not fully understood, lichen sclerosis is thought to be related to two major causal factors: an overactive immune system or a bacterium that may cause the immune system to become active.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	immune
释义	immuneadj.n. Brit. /ᵻˈmjuːn/, U.S. /ᵻˈmjun/ Forms: late Middle English immuyn, late Middle English 1600s 1800s– immune, 1600s immun. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin immūnis. Etymology: < classical Latin immūnis exempt from tribute or taxation, exempt from duties or obligations, free < im- im- prefix² + mūnis ready to be of service (see common adj.). Compare Middle French immuni exempt (1408), Middle French immun exempt from duties, taxation, etc., privileged (1431; French immun ). Compare also Catalan immune (1377), Spanish inmune (1379), Portuguese imun (16th cent.), Italian immune (a1306), and German immun (18th cent.). Compare earlier immunity n. A. adj. 1. †a. Free or clear (of something regarded as undesirable or damaging). Also with from. Cf. free adj. 9c. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > non-possession > [adjective] > devoid of something > something unpleasant voidc1420 immune?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vi. 237 O Sone o God..of synys drope or fraude immuyn. 1606 J. Coprario Funeral Teares sig. B Let Deu'nshire triumph, and his honor keepe Immune, and cleare from darke mortaliie. 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 448 Free, immune, and wholly independent of any contagion or corruption that may happen to those formes. 1658 J. Robinson Endoxa ix. 48 The Cochlearia..will not abide the French Air, (which is immune from it). b. Exempt from a charge or burden; free (from a liability, obligation, or penalty); not legally subject (to a jurisdiction, law, etc.). rare in 18th and 19th centuries.In early use esp. of ecclesiastical immunity; in modern use esp. from prosecution or arrest. Cf. immunity n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > [adjective] freeOE sheerc1275 shentc1400 immunec1460 exempt1471 illiablea1657 exempted1726 c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 150 (MED) Þabbot and Couent..fro þe Axyng..we wille þem to Be assoyled..Decreyng thabbot and Couent..to Be immune or partles fro þe ȝeuyng of þe foresaide smale tithis. 1653 E. Chisenhale Catholike Hist. 263 These Provincials were free and immune without appealing to the See of Rome. 1697 G. Dallas Syst. Stiles 365 Neither the said I. L. M. Pursuer, nor his Heirs & Successors..[are] liable to the said J. E. of B. or his Heirs or Successors, their pretended Right and Jurisdiction..but on the contrary..are altogether Immune, free, and liberat therefrom. 1896 Times 27 May 5/6 Political offenders..are rendered immune from further prosecution. 1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago: Confidential i. xi. 110 The police chief of a near-by suburb sells ‘courtesy cards’ for a modest fee, which makes motorists and truck drivers immune from arrest. 1965 F. Knebel Night of Camp David iii. 490 Members of Congress are immune from arrest. 1988 G. T. Marx Undercover v. 92 Undercover tactics offer an important means for dealing with the crimes of higher-status offenders who may otherwise be virtually immune from prosecution. 2006 Daily Tel. 12 May 17/7 The judges ruled that orders in council were not immune to judicial scrutiny. 2. figurative. Wholly protected (from something injurious or distasteful); not susceptible or responsive (to something).Not always clearly distinguishable from sense A. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or invulnerable impassiblea1492 impatible?1541 proof1583 invulnerable1596 woundless1604 charmeda1616 unvulnerablea1616 inexposable1618 inobnoxious1659 impregnate1721 wreckless1822 uninjurable1846 immune1861 trouble-proof1878 the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [adjective] > involving subjection to action or influence > able or liable to be affected > not superior1566 unsubject1583 unliable1590 insusceptible1603 uncapable1611 unexposeda1691 impassive1715 unsusceptible1734 insusceptive1752 waterproof1797 unsubjectable1829 immune1861 1861 Lancet 15 June 580/2 Neither dead organic nor inorganic bodies are immune from change. 1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 203 Miquel claims..to have isolated the toxic principles, and rendered other water immune by their aid. 1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 235 Among the graves, she felt immune from the world. 1955 Sci. Amer. June 96/3 The magnetic-core memory..is relatively immune to unwanted electrical disturbances. 1973 Daily Tel. 7 Mar. 18 Orwell was a bad poet and immune to the arts (though a most likeable man). 2002 BusinessWeek 23 Sept. 56/2 Even blue chips aren't immune to Tokyo's market woes. 3. a. Medicine (and Biology). Protected from or resistant to some noxious agent or process; spec. having immunity to an infectious disease, pathogen, or antigen. With from, to. Cf. immunity n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > immune immune1866 premune1928 1866 Lancet 30 June 718/2 But Mr. Lee then goes on to say that the skin will in time become immune to other irritants as well. 1882 Rep. Med. Officer 1881 in 11th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board 1881–2 200 Pasteur further states that the animals inoculated with the mitigated virus remain immune against further attacks of anthrax. 1888 F. P. Cobbe in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 226 But (to use the new medical barbarism) we are never ‘immune’ altogether from the contagion. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. vii. 229 There are varieties of tall-growing bananas similar in habit to ‘Gros Michel’, such as ‘Giant Fig’, ‘Lacatan’, &c., which are immune from Panama disease. 1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. vi. 50 The zebra..has..the immense advantage of being entirely immune from Horse Sickness and Nagana disease. 1981 Oxf. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 6 Pest controllers are battling against a breed of ‘super-rats’ which are immune to normal poisons. 2004 J. Buchanan Road to Valley Forge x. 193 In prevaccination years there was only way to become immune to smallpox: to catch it and survive. b. attributive. Of or relating to the phenomena of and processes involved in immunity; = immunological adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > immune > relating to immunity immune1899 1899 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 2) xix. 485 His observations show that the body specially developed in the blood of the animal treated—the ‘immune-body’, enters into firm combination with the red corpuscles. 1928 L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. ii. 19 The immune substances produced by the animal are termed antibodies. 1969 Times 24 Mar. 4/7 Antilymphocytic serum..combats the particular immune defence mechanism responsible for rejecting tissue grafts. 1991 Sci. News 5 Jan. 4/3 Influenza infection triggers unusually high levels of IgA, and immune protein that concentrates in the mucosal surfaces of respiratory, gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. 2004 Independent 9 Nov. (Review section) 13/3 Very occasionally, urticaria is the first manifestation of an underlying immune disorder. B. n. a. An immune individual. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > resistance to disease > immunity > person immune1898 1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Apr. 7/1 Regiments (mainly composed of negroes from the Southern States and other yellow fever immunes). 1909 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 764 All extracted immunes [sc. wheat plants immune to yellow rust] should breed true to this feature. 1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) viii. 105 After an epidemic the community remains free from that disease until the proportion of immunes declines and the density of susceptibles is once more raised to pre-epidemic level. 1975 Managem. Sci. 22 413 The same nonrabies death rate..is experienced by both the immunes and the susceptibles. 2003 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 40 296/2 Susceptibles have never been exposed to FMD or have lost their immunity..and immunes have recovered from the disease and have temporary immunity. b. With the and plural agreement: immune individuals as a class. ΚΠ 1892 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Nov. 990/1 The possession by the ‘immune’ of..an increased capacity for defensive action. 1980 W. Kaufmann Discovering Mind II. ii. xx. 103 The immune [from seasickness] are much less likely to keep talking about cowardice of less fortunate people who easily get seasick and therefore do not go on voyages of discovery. Compounds (In sense A. 3.) immune body n. Medicine (and Biology) (now historical). = antibody n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] immune body1899 antibody1901 MAb1980 1899 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 2) xix. 485 Ehrlich has recently applied his theory of antitoxines to the lysogenic action of sera towards bacteria and red corpuscles... His observations show that the body specially developed in the blood of the animal treated—the ‘immune-body’, enters into firm combination with the red corpuscles. 1900 tr. P. Ehrlich in Proc. Royal Soc. 66 443 I have sought..to make clear the mechanism concerned in the action of these two components—the stable, which may be designated ‘immune body’, and the unstable, which may be designated ‘complement’—which, acting together, effect the solution of the red blood corpuscles. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) x. 137 Neisser and Wechsberg (1901) found that the bactericidal action of immune serum was impaired by the presence of excess of immune body. immune cell n. Medicine (and Biology) any cell involved in an immune response or forming part of the immune system. ΚΠ 1907 Lancet 9 Feb. 379/2 This immunity may certainly result from mere passive irresponsiveness, but it is probably also due to the operation of special defensive mechanisms on the part of the immune cells. 1964 Science 25 Sept. 1429/2 A non-phagocytic mechanism which..demands contact between immune cell and target cell. 1996 Independent 12 Sept. 5/1 The hope is that these proteins, known as lectins, can be developed into compounds which block a crucial phase in the lifecycle of the virus—the point when it recognises and attaches itself to human immune cells. immune complex n. Medicine (and Biology) a molecular complex of antigen and antibody (frequently attributive). ΚΠ 1958 Science 3 Oct. 779/1 It is possible to envisage C´ [= complement] as a stabilizer of readily dissociable immune complexes by virtue of its cross-linking activity. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) ii. 203 It is a multiorgan disease with lesions in the skin (erythematous rash), joints (polyarthritis) and kidney (glomerulonephritis), which will be recognised as characteristic of immune complex diseases of the serum sickness type. 2000 Frederick (Maryland) Post 10 Mar. a11/1 Immune complexes that may be responsible for disease are removed [from the blood]. immune deficiency n. Medicine (and Biology) = immunodeficiency n. (frequently attributive). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > susceptibility to disease > immunodeficiency immune deficiency1965 immunodeficiency1969 1965 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 39 979/1 In an effort to detect a qualitative immune deficiency, the serum was studied for specific neutralizing antibodies against viruses. 1988 M. Bishop Unicorn Mountain (1989) xxv. 293 He felt woozy, but his wooziness stemmed not from his worsening immune deficiency, but from hunger. 2003 L. Uys in L. Uys & S. Cameron Home-based HIV/AIDS Care i. 3 Medical management of patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), ideally delivered through dedicated AIDS clinics. immune globulin n. Medicine (and Biology) (a) a preparation containing antibodies, used to prevent or treat a disease (frequently with distinguishing word) (cf. antiserum n.); (b) = immunoglobulin n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > types of Russell body1892 precipitin1900 nephrotoxin1902 hepatotoxin1903 opsonin1903 autoantibody1905 concanavalin1917 isoantibody1919 reagin1925 immune globulin1934 macroglobulin1952 immunoglobulin1953 properdin1954 LATS1961 alloantibody1964 xenoantibody1974 monoclonal1980 abzyme1986 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum immune serum1899 immune globulin1934 anti-serum- 1934 Science 9 Nov. 7 (advt.) A new product from the Squibb Laboratories..Immune Globulin (Human)..A soluble concentrated globulin extract of placenta, intended primarily for the prevention, modification and treatment of measles. 1958 H. J. Parish Antisera, Toxoids, Vaccines & Tuberculins (ed. 4) ix. 78 Large pools of adult plasma normally contain a variety of protective antibodies..located mainly in the gamma fraction of the globulin or, as it is sometimes called, the immune globulin. 1997 D. Quinn My Ishmael (1999) 229 Get shots—tetanus-diphtheria booster, hepatitis-A immune globulin, yellow fever, cholera. 2000 Ecol. Monogr. 70 619/1 Because different proteins (e.g., bovine serum albumin or immune globulin) have different binding affinities for Coomassie Brilliant Blue..we reasoned that a pollen standard should be used for comparing pollen proteins. immune-mediated adj. Medicine (and Biology) mediated by or resulting from immunological mechanisms. ΚΠ 1971 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 50 542/2 The induction of hemolytic anemia by drugs or other chemical agents may be precipitated by several different mechanisms: immune-mediated reactions, [etc.]. 1995 Dogfancy July 24/1 What causes a breakdown of the skin's defenses? Usually it is related to external parasitism (fleas, scabies, ticks), immune-mediated skin disease (allergies, pemphigus, lupus) or hormone imbalances. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 16 July xiii. 8/2 This illness traditionally has been thought to be immune-mediated, meaning the immune system attacks part of the body as if it's a foreign substance. immune proteid n. (also immunproteid) [after German Immunproteïdin (R. Emmerich & O. Lowe 1899, in Zeitschr. f Hygiene u. Infectionskrankheiten 31 10)] Medicine (and Biology) rare (now disused) a protein (supposedly) formed by the union of a bacterial enzyme with a serum protein. ΚΠ 1901 D. A. Bergey Princ. Hygiene xvii. 343 The pyocyaneus proteolytic enzyme, when combined with blood-serum—pyocyaneus-immune proteid—is capable not only of dissolving the diphtheria bacillus..but also of neutralizing the effect of the diphtheric toxin.] 1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) 177 The gradual formation within the body of a compound of the bacteriolytic enzyme with some albuminous body; the resulting immune proteid retains the proteolytic activity of the original enzyme. 1903 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 333/2 Immunproteid, a substance formed in the body of animals on the injection of an old bacterial culture by the union of the zymase of the culture with the body albumin. immune response n. Medicine (and Biology) the reaction produced by the body to a foreign organism or substance, or against its own (usually abnormal) constituents. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum > reaction to antigen immune response1923 1923 Lancet 20 Jan. 157/1 ‘Tolerance’ is, or carries with it, a ‘high tide of immunity’..other than that ‘high tide’ which belongs to every ‘immune response’. 1963 P. G. H. Gell & R. R. Coombs Clin. Aspects Immunol. i. 5 Before we can understand much about ‘immune’ responses and their results, protective or damaging, on the host, we need to know more about the separation of antibody responses from the ‘cellular’ responses. 2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health i. 15 There are two types of immunization available, one long-lasting vaccine which stimulates the body to make an immune response and an immunoglobulin, which provides short-term but immediate protection. immune serum n. Medicine (and Biology) serum which contains antibodies, esp. to a specific organism or antigen; = antiserum n. b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > antiserum immune serum1899 immune globulin1934 anti-serum- 1899 Lancet 14 Jan. 108/1 (heading) Bacteriological tests—supply of immune serum. 1946 K. Landsteiner Specificity Serol. Reactions (rev. ed.) i. 7 Sera that contain antibodies as the result of the injection of antigens are called ‘immune sera’ (antisera). 1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind xiv. 446 Working with streptococci, they showed that, if the leucocytes from a treated animal were placed in immune serum, the resultant phagocytosis was exceptionally active. immune system n. Medicine (and Biology) the complex system of organs, cells, and molecules responsible for producing the body's protective response to a foreign organism or substance or its own abnormal cells. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] > make-up responsible for immune response immune system1943 1943 Science 30 Apr. 406/1 Complement..is removed by the addition of an antigen and the corresponding rabbit antibody unrelated to the immune system to be analysed. 1965 N.Y. Times 24 Oct. iv. 8/3 Enlisting the body's own natural defense mechanisms—primarily the immune system—to fight cancer is one approach. 1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) iv. 76 The immune system identifies invaders, switches itself on, generates defenders armed specifically to deal with whatever invaders are around, kills them and switches itself off before the body is unduly harmed. 2004 Guardian 13 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 87/3 Although not fully understood, lichen sclerosis is thought to be related to two major causal factors: an overactive immune system or a bacterium that may cause the immune system to become active. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). immunev. Brit. /ᵻˈmjuːn/, U.S. /ᵻˈmjun/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: immune adj. Etymology: < immune adj. rare. transitive. To render immune. Frequently with to, from. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > make invulnerable immune1849 1849 G. S. Faber Let. 16 May in R. Chapman Father Faber (1961) xi. 220 I think if a little experience does not immune me to the row..I must go to the back. 1878 Times 1 Apr. 4/4 We should be asked if all private property at sea were immuned from capture. 1893 Atlanta Constit. 15 Oct. 16/1 At least one-third..are immuned by reason of a previous attack of the disease. 1901 Science Mar. 326/1 Not being immuned to its irritant effects, the venom produced a local edema which killed the animal. 1930 O. St. J. Gogarty Wild Apples 15 Those resinous timbers immuned from decay By thunders ancestral and morningless storms. 1989 Bond Buyer (Nexis) 5 Sept. Traders' anxiety tied to the employment report's release curbed activity last week by immuning the market to a slew of economic releases. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?1440v.1849
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immuneadj.n.

Compounds

immunev.