| 单词 | in kind |
| 释义 | > as lemmasin kind a. Originally: the inherent or essential quality or constitution of a thing; the inherent and inseparable combination of properties giving any object, event, quality, etc., its fundamental character. Later (from the 16th cent.) usually: this essential quality or fundamental character as determining the class or type to which a thing belongs; character, nature. In later use chiefly in in kind (often contrasted with in degree, in number, etc.).In later use strongly coloured by sense 8. There are numerous examples where kind could be glossed as either ‘nature’ or ‘sort’ without affecting the meaning of the sentence; see, e.g., quot. 1766 at sense 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] kindeOE i-cundeOE mannera1225 jetc1330 colour1340 hair1387 estrete1393 gendera1398 hedea1400 savourc1400 stockc1450 toucha1500 rate1509 barrel1542 suit1548 fashion1562 special1563 stamp1573 family1598 garb1600 espece1602 kidney1602 bran1610 formality1610 editiona1627 make1660 cast1673 tour1702 way1702 specie1711 tenor1729 ilk1790 genre1816 stripe1853 persuasion1855 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > in respect of kind [phrase] in kindeOE eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxii. 486 Nis nan gesceaft þe tiohhie [þæt hio] scyle winnan wið hire scippen[des willa]n gif hio hire cynd [lOE Bodl. gecynd] healdan wille. c1175 ( Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 8 Þe Gast is unȝesæȝenlices cyndes [OE Cambr. Ii.4.6 gecyndes]. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1642 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 153 (MED) Bi-twene borgoyne and prouence..Gvode men beoth and al-mes-fole þoruȝ kuynde of þe londe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 36 (MED) He [sc. a fruit] fettes fro þe rote his kynd. O gode pertre coms god peres. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 156, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) (MED) He maye neiþer consoude neiþer enducen cicatrice but ȝif þe medicine be competent in kynde to þe complexioun of þe fleische. a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 2250) (1926) l. 10314 (MED) Fir mas softe thyng harde be strengthe þat he has in his kynde. 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere vii. p. ccclviii Must yt nedes folowe that theyr fayth was chaunged in kynde, bycause yt was augmented in degrees. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. I.viii The generall woorde, is spoken of many, that differ either in kynd, or els in nombre. 1661 G. Petter Learned, Pious, & Pract. Comm., upon Mark 425 All Meats though never so different in kind or nature when they enter into the body, yet in their issue go to the same place. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. iii. sig. O3v 'Tis all one..whether our Afflictions be the same with those of others, in Kind, or not Superiour to them in Degree. 1752 J. Mason Lord's-day Evening Entertainm. I. xii. 292 Practical Christianity differs from mere Morality, only as a perfective Rule differs from a defective one, not in kind, but in degree: It is Morality improved, enlarged, and refined. 1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry iii. 105 There are such wide differences in degree as to constitute almost differences in kind. 1899 K. S. Guthrie Message of Master iii. v. 76 in My Message The word ‘better’ indicates a difference of kind; ‘rather’ or ‘more’ or ‘greater’ a difference of degree. 1975 Public Admin. Rev. 35 312/2 New programs and new directions are what have proliferated and swollen the national budget... They are new departures or a change in kind. 2002 D. DeGrazia Animal Rights i. 6 He also argued powerfully, if less influentially, that animals' and humans' capacities differ largely in degree and not in kind. in kind c. in kind. See also sense 1a. extracted from kindn.ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adverb] > innately or naturally i-cundelyeOE through kindc1225 proprementc1230 kindlya1250 naturallyc1275 kinda1325 by kindc1325 of kindc1325 in kind1340 properly1340 voluntarily1562 natively1590 alliably1593 physically1629 innately1632 natural1793 congenitally1862 connately1884 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 149 (MED) Þe milde..ssel habbe þet land ine kende. ΚΠ a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 185 Euerilc-on in kinde good, Ðor-quiles adam fro sinne stod. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 51 (MED) Þo ben in complexioun Malancolik men & her blood is in kynde blak and þicke. 1508 Balade in Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dv Thingis in kynde desyris thingis lyke. (c) [After post-classical Latin in specie (see in specie at specie n.).] (i) In the context of a repayment, distribution, bequest, etc.: in the form of the article or object in question, as opposed to its equivalent value in money. Now usually (of payment): consisting of goods or services, not money. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > in goods [phrase] in kind1578 society > trade and finance > payment > [adverb] > in kind in kind1578 society > trade and finance > payment > [phrase] > in kind in kind1578 1578 T. Rogers Godlie Treat. Lawfull Vse of Ritches vi. f. 8v, in tr. P. Cæsar Gen. Disc. Damnable Sect Vsurers Lendyng is a contracte, whereby one manne giueth his right of a thyng to an other, without any price at all, but vppon condition that the same thyng in kinde be repaied. 1584 E. Bunny Scepter of Iudah 32 They would rather covet to give the valu of it in monie, than the thing it selfe in kind. 1607 T. Ridley View Civile & Eccl. Law 219 For such things as may be kept, & by keeping will not be the worse, he oght precisely to preserue them, specially where the Testator hath bequeathed any thing in kind. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 171 He did..giue the goods of all the Prisoners vnto those that had taken them; either to take them in Kind, or compound for them. 1670 I. Walton Life H. Wotton 49 in Lives His very Food and Rayment were plentifully provided for him in kind. 1713 J. Swift Part of 7th Epist. Horace Imitated 10 The Farmers..Force him to take his Tythes in kind. 1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xx. 148 Their Rent is chiefly paid in Kind, that is to say, great Part of it in several Species arising from the Product of the Farm; such as Barly, Oatmeal [etc.]. 1800 W. Holland Diary in Paupers & Pig Killers (1984) 47 Farmer Morle dined with me and paid his small Tithes, his Great Tithe I take in kind. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 329 Their revenues were mostly paid, not in money, but in kind, such as corn, wine and cattle. 1898 W. Wright Brontës in Ireland 116 The miller..was paid in kind. 1953 J. Cary Except the Lord 13 The Coytes would often pay their men partly in kind, in skim-milk or potatoes. 2015 Taupo (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 24 July 21 Some of the officials at the meetings were paid in kind (often with meat). (ii) In the context of responding or reacting to someone or something (esp. in retaliation): with something similar; in the same way. Frequently in to respond in kind at respond v. Phrases. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > [adverb] therewithc1000 in changea1387 changeably1425 interchangeably1587 exchangeably1598 in kind1638 convertibly1710 interconvertibly1811 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob 39 in Paraphr. Divine Poems If I have waited at my Neighbours doore: Let my laicivious wife with others grin'd; And by her lust repay my guilt in kind. 1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts Ded. sig. Aij Obligations you have laid me under,..I despair of ever having the Opportunity to return them in Kind. 1750 D. Hume Let. 18 Apr. (1932) I. 141 You dare not revenge yourself in kind, by advising your patients to have nothing to do with the parson. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xi. 272 The best of them are most willing to repay my follies in kind. 1873 Harper's Mag. June 57/2 Falcon observed Staines, saw at once he was a gentleman, and touched his hat to him, to which Christopher responded in kind. 1917 Boys' Life Aug. 4/2 The first thing that told him of her close proximity was a stream of bullets from Travers's automatic, as he tried to repay in kind the German's attentions. 1971 A. MacLean Bear Island (1972) iv. 70 I gave him a casually acknowledging wave of my hand and he answered in kind. 2006 W. Easterly White Man's Burden viii. 286 The Portuguese demand for slaves was so insatiable that the Kongo raided neighboring peoples, who retaliated in kind. ΚΠ 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. iii. at Isæan Riuer Salmon, which is euer in kind all times of the yeare. 1657 T. Barker Barker's Delight 52 When you go to your pleasure again, put the bait in a little water it will come in kind again. 1712 J. Norris Profitable Advice for Rich & Poor 26 We take particular Care to store our Houses with Salt-Beef and Pork 'till Fresh comes again in Kind. < as lemmas |
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