in vitroadv.adj.

Brit.

/ɪn ˈviːtrəʊ/,

/ɪn ˈvɪtrəʊ/, U.S.

/ɪn ˈviˌtroʊ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin in vitro.

Etymology: < scientific Latin in vitro, lit. ‘in glass’ (1765, in a French context, or earlier; already in classical Latin (as in vitrō ) in a non-technical sense) < classical Latin in in prep. + vitrō , ablative of vitrum vitrum n.

A. adv.

Esp. with reference to scientific experimentation: in a laboratory vessel, test tube, culture dish, etc.; under artificial conditions rather than in a living organism. Contrasted with in vivo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > [adverb] > in a test tube

in vitro1791

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. vi. i. 287 The gastric juice reduces the aliments into a uniform magma, even out of the body, and in vitro [Fr. in vitro].

1892 Western Med. Reporter 14 246/1 Does the blood act in the living organism in the same manner as in vitro..?

1925 C. H. Browning Immunochem. Stud. 14 These alcoholic extracts possess the property of reacting with heterophile antibody in vitro.

1955 Sci. Amer. June 88/3 Streptomycin has little or no activity against fungi in vitro, but it..controls blue mold of tobacco..and rot of sugar beets—all fungus diseases.

2012 S. Seung Connectome xiv. 242 Tissue engineers have the dream of culturing organs in vitro, by growing cells on artificial scaffolding.

B. adj.

Performed, occurring, or produced in vitro.

ΚΠ

1897 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 July 126/2 This experiment, taken in conjunction with the considerable number of in vitro experiments that have been made,..supplies strong..evidence..that bile is able to render serpents' venom inert.

1962 Lancet 5 May 936/2 The in-vitro results show that fucidin is very active..in sterilising cultures of staphylococcus at higher concentrations.

2013 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 May d1/1 The hamburger, assembled from tiny bits of beef muscle tissue grown in a laboratory.., is meant to show the world..that so-called in vitro meat, or cultured meat, is a reality.

Compounds

in vitro fertilization n. fertilization of an ovum or ova outside the body of a female (typically in tissue culture), originally as an experimental technique and later as a method in assisted reproductive technology.

ΚΠ

1954 Nature 12 June 1140/1 A microcinematographic study has been made of in vitro fertilization [in the rabbit].

1988 M. Gold And Hannah Wept v. 115 For other couples, in vitro fertilization can be the answer to their prayers for a child.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Nov. a15/2 Fertile men whose partners needed in vitro fertilization could become sperm donors for other women.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	in vitro
释义	in vitroadv.adj. Brit. /ɪn ˈviːtrəʊ/, /ɪn ˈvɪtrəʊ/, U.S. /ɪn ˈviˌtroʊ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin in vitro. Etymology: < scientific Latin in vitro, lit. ‘in glass’ (1765, in a French context, or earlier; already in classical Latin (as in vitrō ) in a non-technical sense) < classical Latin in in prep. + vitrō , ablative of vitrum vitrum n. A. adv. Esp. with reference to scientific experimentation: in a laboratory vessel, test tube, culture dish, etc.; under artificial conditions rather than in a living organism. Contrasted with in vivo. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > [adverb] > in a test tube in vitro1791 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. vi. i. 287 The gastric juice reduces the aliments into a uniform magma, even out of the body, and in vitro [Fr. in vitro]. 1892 Western Med. Reporter 14 246/1 Does the blood act in the living organism in the same manner as in vitro..? 1925 C. H. Browning Immunochem. Stud. 14 These alcoholic extracts possess the property of reacting with heterophile antibody in vitro. 1955 Sci. Amer. June 88/3 Streptomycin has little or no activity against fungi in vitro, but it..controls blue mold of tobacco..and rot of sugar beets—all fungus diseases. 2012 S. Seung Connectome xiv. 242 Tissue engineers have the dream of culturing organs in vitro, by growing cells on artificial scaffolding. B. adj. Performed, occurring, or produced in vitro. ΚΠ 1897 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 July 126/2 This experiment, taken in conjunction with the considerable number of in vitro experiments that have been made,..supplies strong..evidence..that bile is able to render serpents' venom inert. 1962 Lancet 5 May 936/2 The in-vitro results show that fucidin is very active..in sterilising cultures of staphylococcus at higher concentrations. 2013 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 May d1/1 The hamburger, assembled from tiny bits of beef muscle tissue grown in a laboratory.., is meant to show the world..that so-called in vitro meat, or cultured meat, is a reality. Compounds in vitro fertilization n. fertilization of an ovum or ova outside the body of a female (typically in tissue culture), originally as an experimental technique and later as a method in assisted reproductive technology. ΚΠ 1954 Nature 12 June 1140/1 A microcinematographic study has been made of in vitro fertilization [in the rabbit]. 1988 M. Gold And Hannah Wept v. 115 For other couples, in vitro fertilization can be the answer to their prayers for a child. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Nov. a15/2 Fertile men whose partners needed in vitro fertilization could become sperm donors for other women. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.1791
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