includedadj.
/ɪnˈkluːdᵻd/, /ɪŋˈkluːdᵻd/, U.S. /ᵻnˈkludəd/, /ɪŋˈkludəd/ 1. † c. Entomology. Designating that part of the clypeus or postclypeus situated between its two projecting portions. Obsolete.
a. Shut in, confined, enclosed, surrounded. Now esp.: (of a solid object, globule of liquid, or gas bubble) enclosed within a mineral, rock, etc.; cf. inclusion n. 2b.In quot. 1586: enclosed in a letter; cf. later sense 2a.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [adjective] > enclosed
closedc1275
clausedc1440
conclosec1450
close1489
caseda1500
enclosed1552
included1552
bayed1577
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Included, inclusus.
1586 R. Cecil Copie Let. to Earle of Leycester 2 I did therefore aduise to haue this my letter with the included copies to be ready to attend your first arriuall.
1587 in T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. Christian Relig. (new ed.) iv. xiv. 432 (margin) They [sc. the Sacraments] work not by any secret included force.
1659 J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Fifth Bk. Authour i. ix. 70 Mary, the included shut up Virgin.
1676 C. Kirkby Let. 26 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XII. 259 Two glasses I have seen Crackt..which I ascribe to some included particles of Aire at their formeing.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Cupping After the included Air has been well heated..it is clap'd close to the Skin.
1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica i. vi. 299 It [sc. a Gem]..is of a pale brown Colour, in which it has an included White which plays about in it.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 63 When surrounded by the fluid its density was in some degree judged of by the sinking or swimming of the included bulb.
1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. xiii. 176 The quartzose sand and the included shells are most..[of] ochreous colour.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 39 The included Danaë has escaped again Her tower.
1915 M. Johnston Fortunes of Garin i. 10 At one point tree tops, peering over the walls, spoke of an included garden.
2008 A. Erko et al. Mod. Developements X-ray 296 The analysis of a stone with an included fossil snail.
b. Botany. Of a part of a plant (esp. a style or stamen): that does not protrude beyond the surrounding organ.
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the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having stamens or pistils > of or having style, pistil, or female parts > having specific quantity, form, or arrangement
capitated1682
included1751
pinheaded1751
monogynous1757
pentagynous1772
trigynous1775
monogynian1787
polygynous1795
pin-eyed1810
heptagynian1828
pentagynian1828
polygynian1828
tetragynian1828
octagynous1836
stigmatose1840
polygynious1841
heptagynious1854
monogynious1857
octagynious1857
pentagynious1857
tetragynious1860
tetrastylous1860
trigynious1860
monogynic1891
tristigmatose1891
tristylous1891
tetragynous1899
tristigmatic1900
1751 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. II. 260 The stigma is globose, and included.
1790 E. Darwin Bot. Garden (ed. 2) II. 17 Some of the bell-flowers close their apertures at night, or in rainy or cold weather,..and thus protect their included stamens and pistils.
1847 W. E. Steele Handbk. Field Bot. 120 Pyrola minor. Stamens inflexed, equalling the straight, included style.
1879 A. Gray in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) I. vi. 242 When Leersia half protrudes its panicle,..the included half is fertile and the expanded portion sterile (or almost always so).
1945 R. P. Wodehouse Hayfever Plants iii. 123 The common privet (L. vulgare L.) is similar but may be distinguished by its shorter corolla tube with the stamens included.
1987 Brittonia 39 251 The anthers included, sessile, inserted 1-4 mm below corolla throat.
2007 T. G. Lammers in K. Kubitzki Families & Genera Vascular Plants VIII. 40/1 Stamens 4–5, included or slightly exserted.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 313 Included (Inclusus). When the nose is included between the two sides of the Postnasus which run towards the upper lip.
1889 Cent. Dict. Included clypeus,..a clypeus or nasus lying between two lateral produced parts of the front, as in most heteropterous Hemiptera.
1912 Jrnl. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 21 ii. 522 The rest of the head light green with a pure white line down centre, splitting down each side of clypeus and forming thus a much larger triangle than the included clypeus.
2.
a. That is part of or contained within a group, category, etc.; incorporated. Also: that has been put in as a part, section, or component.
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the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [adjective] > incorporated or included
inclusive1573
comprisedc1575
included1590
incorpsed1604
incorporated1715
unexcluded1780
corporate1850
in the mix1962
1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 152v In these affirmatiue conditions, is also included a negatiue... Neuerthelesse, these conditions are not vnlawfull, seeing the included negatiue is not vniuersall but particular.
a1628 J. Doddridge Eng. Lawyer (1631) vii. 112 When Tenant for Life doth surrender to the Grauntee of the Reversion, not having attorned to him before, in respect of time the included Attornament and Surrender come together.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 416 The onely two of Mankinde, but in them The whole included Race. View more context for this quotation
1747 Eng. Gram. App. 88 A comma is often used for a Parenthesis, especially when the included Part is but short.
1788 R. Holmes Four Tracts ii. 126 The Redemption of man has been considered as an included part of that reward.
1833 J. Foster Glory of Age 126 The predicted success of the whole must be the success of the included parts.
1901 Dolphin Apr. 72 Some of the included verse is exquisite.
1976 S. W. Woolgar in G. Lemaine et al. Perspectives Emergence Sci. Disciplines 239 It was then possible to draw different sub-sets from the basic file by stipulating that each included item should meet certain requirements.
2007 Independent 12 May (Save & Spend section) 9/1 Load the included software on to your laptop or PC.
b. In predicative use. Of a person: involved in an activity, conversation, etc.; having a sense of actively participating in or belonging to something. Chiefly in to feel included.
ΚΠ
1914 Sunday School Jrnl. June 428/1 Do this, bringing in each child's name, so that all may feel included.
1962 Observer 16 Sept. 25/2 Children are so different in school holidays. They..abandon the insularity of their contemporary society... As adults we feel included.
1995 N.Y. Amsterdam News 13 May 22 The family she's with sounded really nice and like they're encouraging her and looking after her. She seemed very included and happy.
2014 A. Perry Blood on Water (2015) 303 Was it politeness to make her feel included?
3. Grammar. Designating a linguistic form, esp. a subordinate clause, occurring as a constituent of a larger structure; of or relating to such a form or structure. Frequently opposed to absolute adj. 1a.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adjective] > other specific relations
absolutec1400
rectc1400
included1837
exocentric1914
serial1933
1837 D. Booth Princ. Eng. Gram. 341 Such included sentences [as Relatives] are termed clauses, being, as it were, inclosed.
1871 A. Crosby Gram. Greek Lang. (Rev. ed.) 100 These parts, in Syntax, are of three kinds: included sentences, commonly called clauses; phrases..; and single words.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xi. 170 When a linguistic form occurs as part of a larger form, it is said to be in included position; otherwise it is said to be in absolute position and to constitute a sentence.
1949 E. A. Nida Morphol. (ed. 2) iii. 76 Some morphemes occur in included positions, either partial or complete.
1962 B. M. H. Strang Mod. Eng. Struct. v. 82 Linguistic structures may always be either..absolute or included.
1998 C. W. Kreidler Introducing Eng. Semantics viii. 169 With allow..the infinitive is used when there is an overt subject for the verb in the included clause.
Compounds
included angle n. Geometry the interior angle formed by any two things which intersect or join at a point (esp. adjacent sides of a triangle).
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the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner > internal or pointing inward
internal angle1615
included angle1657
re-entering angle1691
interior angle1756
re-entrant1893
1657 J. Newton Astronomia Britannica i. xii. 24 First, the side F G 38. 46667. Secondly, the side F H. 67. 97090. and the included angle F G H. 45 degrees to find G H.
1764 S. Clark Easy Introd. Theory & Pract. Mech. 4 If the included angle A B C be obtuse, then beause the cosine of an angle greater than 90°, is always denoted by that of its supplement with a negative sign the last equation will be changed.
1857 S. Alsop Treat. Surv. v. 226 To determine the area of a trapezium, three sides and the two included angles being given.
1965 Welding Terms & Symbols (B.S.I.) ii. 11 The scheme does not provide for indication of the size of gap in an open joint, nor the amount or position of a root face, nor the size of an included angle.
2010 C. Vorderman Help your Kids with Maths ii. 113 When two sides and the angle between them..are equal to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
included phloem n. Botany phloem that is embedded in the secondary xylem of some plants, as opposed to phloem that is (usually) separated from the secondary xylem by a layer of cambium; cf. interxylary adj. at inter- prefix 2d.
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the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > xylem or phloem
liber1753
phloem1872
xylem1875
protophloem1884
protoxylem1887
internal phloem1891
metaxylem1894
hadrome1898
leptome1898
metaphloem1900
included phloem1910
1910 Ann. Bot. 24 114 The xylem-arch with its included phloem and stelar parenchyma.
1980 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 67 157/2 Strands of included phloem are randomly distributed along the inner boundary of each band of conjunctive tissue.
2001 A. B. Cunningham Appl. Ethnobotany ii. 44/1 Included phloem commonly characterizes genera within the Fabaceae, Loganiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Menispermaceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae family.
included sapwood n. Botany wood included in the heartwood that has the appearance and characteristics of sapwood.
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the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > young wood or alburnum
sapc1374
body?1523
wood?1523
alburnum1664
whitewood1668
blea1736
softwood1751
sap-wood1791
alburn1864
included sapwood1933
1933 Trade Circular (Council for Sci. & Industr. Res. Div. of Forest Products) No. 15. 7 Included Sapwood, patches of sapwood included within the true wood, usually on the pith side of a gum vein or ringshake.
1971 New Phytologist 70 940 Included sapwood is formed on the inner side of a wound, which is subsequently grown over by cambium, with normal heartwood formed in due course outside the wound.
2003 A. Schramm Compl. Guide Hardwood Plywood & Face Veneer i. 6 The cells found in the included sapwood are no longer living.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1552