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单词 indefinite
释义

indefiniteadj.n.

/ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪt/
Forms: Also 1500s indiffynit(e, -yte, indiffinite, indyfinyte, 1600s indifinite, indefinit.
Etymology: < Latin indēfīnītus, < in- (in- prefix4) + dēfīnītus definite adj. and n. Compare French indéfini (Montaigne, 16th cent.).
A. adj. Undefined, unlimited: the opposite of definite adj. and n.
I. generally.
1. Without distinct limitation of being or character; having no clearly defined or determined character: indeterminate, vague, undefined.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > not specified > indefinite
gross1534
indefinite1561
indefinitive1598
general1601
loose1609
undetermined1611
vaguea1661
indeterminate1773
tenuousa1817
vaguish1818
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) i. xiii. 46 When there is simple and indefinite mention made of God, this name belongeth no lesse to the Sonne and to the Holy Ghost, than to the Father.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Indifinite, not precisely exprest; vndefined.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 76 Some generall indefinite promises.
1722 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 678 Your address is likewise a little indefinite; but I send this at a venture as you direct.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. viii. 180 Those indefinite aspirations for the laws of Edward the Confessor were changed into a steady regard for the Great Charter.
1875–6 W. B. Pope Compend. Theol. (1881) 656 The indefinite use of the term Sacrament in the early church.
1885 S. Cox Expos. 1st Ser. v. 66 A fine, though indefinite, emotion.
2.
a. Of undetermined extent, amount, or number; unlimited.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > infiniteness > [adjective] > indefinite or unmeasured
unmeasurate?1537
indefinite1594
indefinitive1598
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. Hv Peace to thy Ghost, and yet mee thinkes so indefinite a spirite should haue no peace or intermission of paines.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 246 Let these Licensed Lenders be in Number Indefinite.
1850 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 2) 86 Thus oxygen and hydrogen..will remain unaltered for an indefinite period.
1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xii. 150 With respect to our moral and spiritual capacities, we remark that they are not only indefinite but absolutely infinite.
1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith ii. 67 That is indefinite which has, or may have, a limit, but whose limit cannot be ascertained.
1884 J. Rae Contemp. Socialism 100 Commodities that admitted of indefinite multiplication.
b. Formerly, sometimes, Extending beyond any assignable limits; boundless, infinite. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > infiniteness > [adjective]
unbegunc1000
uncircumscriptc1374
endless138.
finitea1400
measurelessc1400
infinite1413
ginningless?1440
immensec1450
unlimitedc1475
infinal?1504
interminate1533
termlessa1542
brinkless1567
without limit1572
uncompassed1577
limitlessa1586
beginningless1587
untermedc1595
boundless1599
illimitate1602
illimited1602
unbeginning1605
incomprehense1606
inconjectable1609
uncircumscribed1610
borderless1611
confinelessa1616
finelessa1616
unconfined1629
uninchoative1649
indefinite1664
incircumscript1677
imprincipiate1683
ensophic1693
interminateda1734
unhorizoned1811
unencompasseda1822
unterminated1853
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Pref. sig. C3 The process of Art is indefinite, and who can set a non-ultra to her endevours?
1745 W. Thompson Sickness v. (R.) Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity! shall dust, Shall ashes, dare presume to sing of thee?
II. specifically (in various technical uses).
3. Grammar.
a. Applied to various adjectives, pronominal words, and adverbs, which do not define or determine the actual person or thing, the place, time, or manner, to which they refer; as any, other, some, such, somewhere, anyhow, otherwise, etc.: esp. in indefinite article, a name for the individualizing adjective a, an (a adj.), or its equivalents in other languages.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > determiner > [noun] > article > other
indefinite article1727
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Indefinite Pronouns.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Article The Article A is said to be indefinite, because applied to Names taken in their more general, and confused Signification.
1877 W. F. Moulton tr. Winer Gram. N.T. Greek iii. §25. 2 The indefinite pronoun τις, τι, is joined to abstract nouns.
b. Applied to those tenses or inflections of verbs which merely denote an action taking place at some time (past, present, or future), without specifying whether it is continuous or complete (thus distinguished from both imperfect and perfect), e.g. the Greek aorist and the English simple past; in French grammar formerly (as by Palsgrave) to the simple past tense corresponding to these, now called past or preterite definite; in modern French, past or preterite indefinite is applied to the complex verb phrase corresponding to the perfect in English, e.g. il a parlé, he has spoken.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 32 The indiffynite indicatyve of the thyrde conjugation endeth ever in S.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 84 The indiffinite tens, as je parlay, I spake.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 382 To knowe therfore howe and whan the frenche men use their preter imparfyte tence, and whan their indiffynyte tence, whiche name I borowe of the grekes, for they have a tence whiche they call aoristus, that is to say, indifinitus, whiche moche resembleth this tence in the frenche tonghe.
c. In the Slavonic verb formerly applied to one of the branches or aspects.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > other specific aspects
frequentative1534
indefinite1827
iterative1827
semelfactive1827
telic1846
usitative1849
resultative1857
semi-telic1865
permansive1866
constative1901
effective1904
point-action1913
egressive1914
punctual1914
benefactive1943
1827 J. Heard Gram. Russ. Lang. v. §1. 141 There are four branches: the indefinite, the perfect, the semelfactive, and the iterative. The indefinite expresses the action indeterminately with regard to its completion; as [on trogal], he moved.
d. Sometimes applied, in German and Old English grammar, to that declension of the adjective which is used when it is preceded by the indefinite article, possessive adjective, pronouns, etc.: the strong declension of the adjective.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > relating to declension > specific Germanic declensions
strong1833
weak1841
indefinite1874
1874 R. Morris Chaucer's Prol., etc. (Clar. Press Ser.) Introd. 33 Adjectives, like the modern German, have two forms—Definite and Indefinite.
4. Logic. Applied to propositions in which the subject has no mark of quantity; not distinguishing between ‘some’ and ‘all’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of universal or particular propositions
universalc1450
particular1551
subaltern1566
subcontrary1566
singular1654
lemmatical1665
indefinite1773
indesignate1844
semi-definitea1856
1773 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic ii. §6, in Wks. II. 692/2 A proposition is called indefinite when there is no mark either of universality or particularity annexed to the subject: thus, ‘Man is of few days’ is an indefinite proposition.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic v. 122 The logicians formerly distinguished another Class of judgments as Indefinite, meaning those in which the Subject, having no sign or predesignation of Quantity affixed to it, is not expressly declared to be either Universal, Singular, or Particular. Thus, Elephants are sagacious animals;—Learned men are to be found at Oxford.
1887 T. Fowler Elem. Deduct. Logic (ed. 9) iii. 29Indefinite’ or ‘indesignate’ propositions, as they are called, i.e. propositions in which the subject, being a common term, is not quantified, are inadmissible in Logic.
5. Botany.
a. Said of inflorescence in which the central axis grows indefinitely in length, producing a succession of lateral branches bearing flower-buds (or of sessile flower-buds) which open successively from the lowest upwards; also called centripetal or indeterminate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [adjective] > having particular shape, type, or arrangement > of or bearing cymes or racemes
racemiferous1656
racemose1698
biparous1731
racemous1757
racemed1787
unilateral1802
cymose1807
uniparous1839
indeterminate1842
indefinite1876
botrycymose1879
botryose1879
1876 J. D. Hooker Bot. Primer 46 Called indefinite, because the axis goes on elongating after the first flower opens.
1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. v. 144 The kinds of Inflorescence..are all reducible to two types..viz. Indefinite and Definite, or..Indeterminate and Determinate. Each may be..simple or compound.
b. Sometimes similarly applied to fibrovascular bundles which grow indefinitely, so that the stem increases in thickness, as in ‘Exogens’ or Dicotyledons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [adjective] > of or with a vascular bundle
indefinite1849
bicollateral1881
intrafascicular1900
1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §77 The vascular bundles [in exogens], from their mode of development in an indefinite manner externally, have been called exogenous; and for the same reason, Schlieden has denominated them Indefinite.
c. Said of the stamens or other parts of the flower when numerous and not clearly multiples of the number of the petals, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having stamens or pistils > of or having stamens or male > in specific quantity, form, or arrangement
castrate1704
syngenesious1753
pentandrious1754
pentandrous1757
polyandrous1757
polyadelphous1778
triandrious1786
polyandrian1787
gynandrian1791
monadelphous1806
monandrous1806
tetrandrous1806
perigynous1807
octandrousa1815
pleurogynous1819
hypogynous1821
icosandrian1828
octandrian1828
pentandrian1828
polyadelphian1828
tetradynamian1828
hexandrous1830
pentadelphous1830
tetradynamous1830
triadelphous1830
triandrous1830
icosandrous1836
corollifloral1839
indefinite1839
oligandrous1851
isadelphous1855
thalamifloral1857
thalamiflorous1857
phalangiform1858
polyandrious1858
allagostemonous1879
corolliflorous1880
obdiplostemonous1882
hypogynic1886
octandrious1890
Monadelphic1959
polyandric1976
1839 J. Lindley School Bot. iv. 32 Stamens indefinite; that is to say, more numerous than can be easily counted.
1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §472 The ovules are very numerous or indefinite.
B. n.
(elliptical uses of the adjective.) An indefinite thing, word, statement, etc.; something of indefinite nature or meaning, or which cannot be definitely specified, described, or classed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > state of being non-specific > indefiniteness > that which is indefinite
indefinite1591
vagueness1838
the vague1851
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. F Aduerbs commonly gouerne an Indicatiue Moode: saue that where Interrogatiues are changed into Indefinites they haue some time a Subiunctiue.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 145 That Negative is more pregnant of Direction, then an Indefinite.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Aug. 10/1 A table of the occupations of the people after a new classification..I. ‘Professionals’..II. ‘Domestics’..III. Commercials; IV. Agriculturists..V. Industrials..VI. Indefinites, that is, general labourers, gentlemen of means, and paupers, with a few others not open to classification.

Derivatives

inˈdefinite v. Obsolete (nonce-word) in to indefinite it = to act or speak indefinitely.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > be generally applicable [verb (intransitive)] > act or speak indefinitely
indefinite1656
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 76 If we indefinite it, when we should demonstrate, and universalize it.
inˈdefinitism n. indefinite character.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > state of being non-specific > indefiniteness
indefiniteness1589
indeterminateness1644
indeterminacy1649
indefinitya1734
indetermination1789
vagueness1799
indefinitude1828
indefinitivenessa1849
indefinitism1855
indefinition1888
1855 D. Greenwell Present Heaven (1861) 103 The vague spirituality or rather indefinitism of our ideas.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1530
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