independencen.
/ɪndɪˈpɛndəns/ 1.
a. The condition or quality of being independent; the fact of not depending on another (with various shades of meaning: see the adjective); exemption from external control or support; freedom from subjection, or from the influence of others; individual liberty of thought or action. Rarely in bad sense: Want of subjection to rightful authority, insubordination.Declaration of Independence: see declaration n. 6.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [noun]
absoluteness1605
independency1611
independence1641
society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > lack of submission to rightful authority
dissubjection1672
independence1783
insubordination1790
performing1947
1641 Bp. J. Hall Humble Remonstr. 40 Some..can be content to admit of an orderly subordination of severall Parishes to Presbyteries, & those again to Synods; others are all for a Parochiall absolutenesse, and independence.
1750 W. Shenstone Elegies ix. 50 The charms of independence let us sing.
c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Independence 1 Thy spirit, Independence, let me share! Lord of the lion-heart and eagle-eye.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 18 That independence Britons prize too high, Keeps man from man, and breaks the social tie.
1775 in W. H. Foote Sketches North Carolina (1846) 43 Resolved, That the delegates from this colony, in Continental Congress, be empowered to concur with the delegates of the other colonies, in declaring independence, and in forming foreign alliances.
1783 E. Burke Rep. Affairs India in Wks. (1842) II. 50 That general spirit of disobedience and independence, which has..prevailed in the government of Bengal.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. v. 84/1 Independence, in all kinds, is rebellion.
a1850 J. C. Calhoun Wks. (1874) IV. 329 It is one great defect in the character of the public men of America, that there is that real want of independence.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 161 Their national independence was respected.
1873 L. Ferguson Disc. 130 He denuded himself of His original Self-completeness and independence.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 38 The proud independence of the Percies was becoming..a source of danger.
1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. (ed. 2) xiii. 319 The mobility and perfect independence of the various particles of..gases.
1885 Daily News 21 Dec. 5/1 A..scheme for conceding legislative independence on purely Irish subjects to Ireland.
1895 ‘I. Maclaren’ Days Auld Lang Syne 273 (A Servant Lass) If she didna sit up at nicht makin' the bairns' claithes, and work in the fields a' day tae earn their schulin', an' a' tae keep her independence, as they ca't.
b. Const. on, upon, of, rarely from.
ΚΠ
a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. iii. 235 Her independence from the body.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. App. ii. 260 The dignified clergy..pretended to a total independence on the State.
1768 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1873) VII. 250 The House of Burgesses..have therefore thought proper to represent..That they do not affect independence of their parent Kingdom.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. 229 A pretence of independence upon secular power.
1852 N. Hawthorne Blithedale Romance xix. 191 Our habitual independence of conventional rules.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 159 The independence of the English Crown upon any foreign superior.
1896 Bryce in Cent. Mag. June 250 A..convention, signed at Bloemfontein in February, 1854, declared the independence from the British crown of the inhabitants of the country..between the Orange and Vaal rivers.
c. Corresponding to independent adj. 3d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical property
irreductibility1865
utility1881
intransitivity1889
independence1902
non-linearity1904
connexity1905
analyticity1914
irredundance1925
irreflexiveness1933
decidability1936
non-emptiness1936
undecidability1942
irredundancy1952
irreflexivity1964
single-valuedness1968
1902 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 8 296 No attempt seems to have been made to prove the independence of the postulates employed to define a group.
1941 O. Helmer tr. A. Tarski Introd. Logic §56. 194 (heading) Independence of the axioms of the simplified system.
1954 I. M. Copi Symbolic Logic vi. 179 The axioms of a deductive system are said to be independent (or to exhibit independence) if no one of them can be derived as a theorem from the others.
1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic 233 This is the method regularly used for establishing the ‘independence’ of the axioms in a given set, i.e. for showing that no axiom in the set is superfluous, in the sense of being derivable from the others as a theorem.
1956 J. H. Woodger tr. A. Tarski Logic, Semantics, Metamath. 390 On account of the non-ramifiability the independence proof for such sentences cannot be carried out..by an interpretation in logic.
1962 W. Kneale & M. Kneale Devel. Logic xii. 692 Bernays..turned to investigate the independence of the axioms of the calculus of propositions in Principia Mathematica.
2. concrete. A competency: = independency n. 3d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > sufficient means
sufficiency1495
competent1574
competency1625
conveniencya1628
competencea1640
conveniencea1680
independency1747
independence1816
1816 J. Austen Emma I. iv. 57 As early as most men can afford to marry, who are not born to an independence . View more context for this quotation
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) viii. 79 She possessed that most desirable of all requisites, a small independence.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxix. 287 You are heir to a little independence.
1874 G. W. Dasent Half a Life II. 41 He was an old man who..had made an independence.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations. Independence Day, July 4, the day on which, in 1776, the Declaration of Independence was made; celebrated annually in the United States as a national holiday; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > an anniversary > [noun] > of battles, wars, treaties, etc.
day of truce1486
Evil May Dayc1590
Bonfire Night1661
Pope Day1769
Pope Night1773
the Fourth (of July)1779
Town Taking Day1788
Independence Day1791
Independent Day1803
Guy Fawkes day1825
Bastille Day1837
Trafalgar Day1837
Turkey Day1870
Canada Day1882
Juneteenth1890
flag-day1894
Patriots' Day1894
Remembrance Day1895
twelfth1896
Quatorze Juillet1899
quatorze1915
Armistice Day1918
Poppy Day1921
Remembrance Sunday1925
VJ-day1944
Commonwealth Day1958
1791 J. Hiltzheimer Diary 4 July (1893) 170 This being Independence Day, the Governor invited several of the neighbors to dine with him.
1841 Knickerbocker Mag. 17 276 The enthusiasm which is annually rekindled..by the return of ‘Independence day’.
1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Independence Day.
1875 Graphic 10 July 30/3 As the Fourth of July fell this year on a Sunday, ‘Independence Day’ was observed by the Americans resident in London on Monday, the 5th inst., who dined together at the Crystal Palace.
1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 481 These independence-loving, self-governing mountaineers.
1898 Daily News 7 Sept. 5/7 To offer..inducements to the independence party to co-operate.
1967 R. Lowell Near Ocean 17 Another summer! Our Independence Day Parade, all innocence Of children's costumes, helps resist The communist and socialist.
1970 M. Slater Caribbean Cooking 45 Strangers to the islands may well be taken by surprise on..Independence Day.
1972 Times 9 Oct. (Nigeria Suppl.) p. i/6 In his Independence Day speech last week General Gowon disclosed that the census would take place..next year.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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