inhumanadj.n.

/ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Forms: Middle English inhumayn, 1500s–1600s inhumaine, inhumane, 1600s– inhuman.

Etymology: < Latin inhūmānus, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + hūmānus human adj. and n. In earliest examples apparently after French inhumain, inhumaine (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).The stress was originally, as in French, on the final syllable, but by the close of the 16th cent. metrical evidence shows the distinction of inˈhuman and inhuˈmane in verse, though without apparent distinction of meaning. The prose pronunciation was then probably inˈhuman , but the spelling inhumane was almost invariable till after 1700 (compare human adj. and n., humane adj.). After the spelling inhuman came in, the spelling and pronunciation inhuˈmane became apparently very rare. Bailey (after 1730), Johnson, and other 18th cent. dictionaries which distinguish ˈhuman and huˈmane in pronunciation and sense, recognize for the negative only inˈhuman , and Todd 1818 appears not to have known inhuˈmane , for he says ‘There is now no distinction observed between inhuman and inhumane : formerly it was inhumane with the accent on the last syllable’. Ash 1775 distinguishes ‘Inhu′man , barbarous, cruel, void of compassion’, and ‘Inhuma′ne , void of tenderness, unkind (But not much used)’. The second entry may refer only to the 17th cent. word. None of the 19th cent. dictionaries, until quite recently, record inhumane (except as an obsolete form of inhuman ). It may therefore be concluded that inhumane in current use has been formed afresh on humane , in order to provide an exact negative to the latter, and thus a word of milder meaning than inhuman . (In treating the two words, we place under inhuman adj. and n. all quots. before 1600 however spelt, all 17th cent. metrical quots. which show the stress on ˈhu, and all 17th cent. or later examples spelt inhuman.)

A. adj.

a. Of persons: Not having the qualities proper or natural to a human being; esp. destitute of natural kindness or pity; brutal, unfeeling, cruel. Also figurative of things.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective]

grimlyc893

retheeOE

grim971

bitterOE

bremec1175

grillc1175

grimfula1240

cruel1297

sturdy1297

fiercea1300

fellc1300

boistousa1387

felonousc1386

savagea1393

bestiala1398

bremelya1400

felona1400

hetera1400

cursedc1400

wicked14..

vengeablec1430

wolvishc1430

unnatural?1473

inhuman1481

brutisha1513

cruent1524

felonish1530

mannish1530

abominate1531

lionish1549

boarish?1550

truculent?c1550

unhumanc1550

lion-like1556

beastly1558

orped1567

raw?1573

tigerish?1573

unmanlike1579

boisterous1581

savaged1583

tiger-like1587

yond1590

truculental1593

savage wild1595

tigerous1597

inhumane1598

Neronian1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

ungentle1603

feral1604

savagious1605

fierceful1607

Dionysian1608

wolvy1611

Hunnish1625

lionly1631

tigerly1633

savage-hearted1639

brutal1641

feroce1641

ferocious1646

asperous1650

ferousa1652

wolfish1674

tiger1763

savage-fierce1770

Tartar1809

Tartarly1821

Neroic1851

tigery1859

Neronic1864

unmannish1867

inhumanitarian1947

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly

inhuman1481

unhumanc1550

beastly1558

unmanlike1579

inhumane1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

unhuman1611

brutal1641

unmannish1867

brutalitarian1904

inhumanitarian1947

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) ccvii. 303 That Inhumayn baylly, whiche was ful of cruelte and of pryde, louyd not the Cristen men.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. b v^v Ye woold neuer shew your selues inhumaine and ingrate towardes hym.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 176 Her spotlesse chastitie, Inhumane [1623 inhumaine] traitors you constraind and forst.

1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. i. 5 What wretch inhumane? or what wilder blood..Could leaue her so disconsolate?

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Love lent the Sword; the Mother struck the blow; Inhuman she; but more inhuman thou.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 94 E'er sounding Hammers forg'd th' inhumane Sword.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 247 We impart To you, the thoughts of no inhuman heart.

1755 Man ii. 4 Those who unman themselves, by debasing their nature..we shall call by the name of inhuman.

1868 Morning Star 25 Feb. The inhuman mother has been taken into custody.

b. Of actions, conduct, etc.: Brutal, savage, barbarous, cruel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly > specifically of actions

inhuman1490

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 45 To this inhumayn occysion was come themperoure Charlemayn.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxx^v His poore subiectes came with lamentacions and cryes shewyng his grace of the crueltie of the Frenchemen & of their inhumaine dealyng with them.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 844 Loathing this inhumane feasting with humane flesh.

1641 in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1702) I. iv. 263 The most Barbarous and Inhumane Cruelties.

1739 Throp Let. to Swift 10 Dec. in J. Swift Lett. (1768) IV. 233 The cruel and inhuman behaviour of that monster.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 301 Apollonides..set fire to the building: the Five Hundred perished in the flames..The conduct of Apollonides seems to us inhuman.

1884 D. Pae Eustace 57 Recall the inhuman words, and let us forget that they were uttered.

2. Not pertaining to or in accordance with what is human, in form, nature, intelligence, etc.; not of the ordinary human type.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > [adjective] > relating to mankind > not

inhuman1568

subhuman1793

non-human1839

unhuman1861

dishuman1920

1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Avij^v What thing is more inhumane, than for man to contemne that as profane which the eternall hath halowed?

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 900 Of Seales and Sea-monsters, or other more unnaturall and monstrous inhumane shape.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 511 Can thus Th' Image of God in man..To such unsightly sufferings be debas't Under inhuman pains?

1838 D. Jerrold J. Applejohn in Men of Char. xvii The human and inhuman wonders painted thrice the size of life.

1862 W. W. Story Roba di Roma (1864) vii. 131 There is a great deal of human nature in mankind, wherever you go,—except in Paris, perhaps, where Nature is rather inhuman and artificial.

†B. n.

A brutal person. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person

beastc1225

inhuman1653

brutal1655

brute1752

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures x. 30 I had been six and thirty days thus abandoned by these Inhumanes.

1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe II. 185 If your Highness will not rank your self on the side of those Inhumans.

1755 Man xvi. 5 We..will treat all their despisers as inhumans.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	inhuman
释义	inhumanadj.n. /ɪnˈhjuːmən/ Forms: Middle English inhumayn, 1500s–1600s inhumaine, inhumane, 1600s– inhuman. Etymology: < Latin inhūmānus, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + hūmānus human adj. and n. In earliest examples apparently after French inhumain, inhumaine (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).The stress was originally, as in French, on the final syllable, but by the close of the 16th cent. metrical evidence shows the distinction of inˈhuman and inhuˈmane in verse, though without apparent distinction of meaning. The prose pronunciation was then probably inˈhuman , but the spelling inhumane was almost invariable till after 1700 (compare human adj. and n., humane adj.). After the spelling inhuman came in, the spelling and pronunciation inhuˈmane became apparently very rare. Bailey (after 1730), Johnson, and other 18th cent. dictionaries which distinguish ˈhuman and huˈmane in pronunciation and sense, recognize for the negative only inˈhuman , and Todd 1818 appears not to have known inhuˈmane , for he says ‘There is now no distinction observed between inhuman and inhumane : formerly it was inhumane with the accent on the last syllable’. Ash 1775 distinguishes ‘Inhu′man , barbarous, cruel, void of compassion’, and ‘Inhuma′ne , void of tenderness, unkind (But not much used)’. The second entry may refer only to the 17th cent. word. None of the 19th cent. dictionaries, until quite recently, record inhumane (except as an obsolete form of inhuman ). It may therefore be concluded that inhumane in current use has been formed afresh on humane , in order to provide an exact negative to the latter, and thus a word of milder meaning than inhuman . (In treating the two words, we place under inhuman adj. and n. all quots. before 1600 however spelt, all 17th cent. metrical quots. which show the stress on ˈhu, and all 17th cent. or later examples spelt inhuman.) A. adj. 1. a. Of persons: Not having the qualities proper or natural to a human being; esp. destitute of natural kindness or pity; brutal, unfeeling, cruel. Also figurative of things. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective] grimlyc893 retheeOE grim971 bitterOE bremec1175 grillc1175 grimfula1240 cruel1297 sturdy1297 fiercea1300 fellc1300 boistousa1387 felonousc1386 savagea1393 bestiala1398 bremelya1400 felona1400 hetera1400 cursedc1400 wicked14.. vengeablec1430 wolvishc1430 unnatural?1473 inhuman1481 brutisha1513 cruent1524 felonish1530 mannish1530 abominate1531 lionish1549 boarish?1550 truculent?c1550 unhumanc1550 lion-like1556 beastly1558 orped1567 raw?1573 tigerish?1573 unmanlike1579 boisterous1581 savaged1583 tiger-like1587 yond1590 truculental1593 savage wild1595 tigerous1597 inhumane1598 Neronian1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 ungentle1603 feral1604 savagious1605 fierceful1607 Dionysian1608 wolvy1611 Hunnish1625 lionly1631 tigerly1633 savage-hearted1639 brutal1641 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 wolfish1674 tiger1763 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 Neroic1851 tigery1859 Neronic1864 unmannish1867 inhumanitarian1947 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly inhuman1481 unhumanc1550 beastly1558 unmanlike1579 inhumane1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 unhuman1611 brutal1641 unmannish1867 brutalitarian1904 inhumanitarian1947 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) ccvii. 303 That Inhumayn baylly, whiche was ful of cruelte and of pryde, louyd not the Cristen men. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. b v^v Ye woold neuer shew your selues inhumaine and ingrate towardes hym. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 176 Her spotlesse chastitie, Inhumane [1623 inhumaine] traitors you constraind and forst. 1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. i. 5 What wretch inhumane? or what wilder blood..Could leaue her so disconsolate? 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Love lent the Sword; the Mother struck the blow; Inhuman she; but more inhuman thou. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 94 E'er sounding Hammers forg'd th' inhumane Sword. View more context for this quotation 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 247 We impart To you, the thoughts of no inhuman heart. 1755 Man ii. 4 Those who unman themselves, by debasing their nature..we shall call by the name of inhuman. 1868 Morning Star 25 Feb. The inhuman mother has been taken into custody. b. Of actions, conduct, etc.: Brutal, savage, barbarous, cruel. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly > specifically of actions inhuman1490 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 45 To this inhumayn occysion was come themperoure Charlemayn. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxx^v His poore subiectes came with lamentacions and cryes shewyng his grace of the crueltie of the Frenchemen & of their inhumaine dealyng with them. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 844 Loathing this inhumane feasting with humane flesh. 1641 in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1702) I. iv. 263 The most Barbarous and Inhumane Cruelties. 1739 Throp Let. to Swift 10 Dec. in J. Swift Lett. (1768) IV. 233 The cruel and inhuman behaviour of that monster. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 301 Apollonides..set fire to the building: the Five Hundred perished in the flames..The conduct of Apollonides seems to us inhuman. 1884 D. Pae Eustace 57 Recall the inhuman words, and let us forget that they were uttered. 2. Not pertaining to or in accordance with what is human, in form, nature, intelligence, etc.; not of the ordinary human type. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [adjective] > relating to mankind > not inhuman1568 subhuman1793 non-human1839 unhuman1861 dishuman1920 1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Avij^v What thing is more inhumane, than for man to contemne that as profane which the eternall hath halowed? 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 900 Of Seales and Sea-monsters, or other more unnaturall and monstrous inhumane shape. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 511 Can thus Th' Image of God in man..To such unsightly sufferings be debas't Under inhuman pains? View more context for this quotation 1838 D. Jerrold J. Applejohn in Men of Char. xvii The human and inhuman wonders painted thrice the size of life. 1862 W. W. Story Roba di Roma (1864) vii. 131 There is a great deal of human nature in mankind, wherever you go,—except in Paris, perhaps, where Nature is rather inhuman and artificial. †B. n. A brutal person. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person beastc1225 inhuman1653 brutal1655 brute1752 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures x. 30 I had been six and thirty days thus abandoned by these Inhumanes. 1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe II. 185 If your Highness will not rank your self on the side of those Inhumans. 1755 Man xvi. 5 We..will treat all their despisers as inhumans. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1481
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