initiationn.

/ɪnɪʃɪˈeɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin initiātiōn-em, noun of action < initiāre to initiate v. Compare French initiation (15th cent. in Godefroy Compl.).

The action of initiating, or fact of being initiated.

1. The action of beginning, entering upon, or ‘starting’ something; the fact of being begun; beginning, commencement, origination.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun]

ordeOE

thresholdeOE

frumthc950

anginOE

frumeOE

worthOE

beginninga1225

springc1225

commencementc1250

ginninga1300

comsingc1325

entryc1330

aginning1340

alphac1384

incomea1400

formec1400

ingressc1420

birtha1425

principlea1449

comsementa1450

resultancec1450

inition1463

inceptiona1483

entering1526

originala1529

inchoation1530

opening1531

starting1541

principium1550

entrance1553

onset1561

rise1589

begin1590

ingate1591

overture1595

budding1601

initiationa1607

starting off1616

dawninga1631

dawn1633

impriminga1639

start1644

fall1647

initial1656

outset1664

outsettinga1698

going off1714

offsetting1782

offset1791

commence1794

aurora1806

incipiency1817

set-out1821

set-in1826

throw-off1828

go-off1830

outstart1844

start1857

incipience1864

oncome1865

kick-off1875

off-go1886

off1896

get-go1960

lift-off1967

a1607 T. Brightman Predictions & Prophecies (1641) 3 The Church of Germanie had its initiation or beginning in Martin Luther..in..1517.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 132 The Parliament..had granted but one Subsidy since the initiation of King James his reign.

1850 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 2) 73 We must ever refer them back to some antecedent force..and therefore the word initiation cannot in strictness apply.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty iii. 119 The initiation of all wise or noble things, comes and must come from individuals; generally at first from some one individual.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. vi. 43 Concerned in the initiation of Parliamentary measures.

2. Formal introduction by preliminary instruction or initial ceremony into some position, office, or society, or to knowledge of or participation in some principles or observances; hence generally, Admission to the knowledge, or instruction in the elements, of any subject or practice.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun] > elementary teaching or initiation

introductionc1430

induction1526

entrance1571

initiation1583

manumission1596

groundinga1656

initiating1750

breaking-in1843

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L6 At the time of their initiation, institution, induction, and admission [into a benefice].

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists §6 In the first of these is required indeede a solemne initiation by baptisme.

1659 Order in Commons, Bernard Inn in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. II. 302/1 Some young Gentlemen of this House have lately had disorderly Meetings which they call ‘Initiations’.

1780 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 25 May Bath is a good place for the initiation of a young lady.

1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) xvi. 268 A large school is a most valuable initiation into actual life.

Compounds

General attributive.

initiation ceremony n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > kinds of rite > initiatory > [noun]

initiatory1675

Upanayana1817

Yeibichai1887

initiation ceremony1899

1899 W. B. Spencer & F. J. Gillen Native Tribes Central Austral. vii. 212 All Australian natives, with rare exceptions, have to pass through some initiation ceremony before being admitted to the secrets of the tribe.

1935 B. Malinowski Coral Gardens II. vi. 234 The instruction may take place in the course of initiation ceremonies.

1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization ii. 47 Economic, ritual, and recreational affairs..are often difficult to disentangle within a complex institutional sequence of events, such as an initiation ceremony.

initiation fee n.

ΚΠ

1890 C. Gross Gild Merchant I. 29 To become a gildsman..it was necessary to pay certain initiation-fees.

initiation process n.

ΚΠ

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 531 They always take a new name, and are supposed by the initiation process to become new beings in the magic wood.

initiation rite n.

ΚΠ

1916 H. B. Alexander N. Amer. Mythol. xi. 243 A myth which seems clearly reminiscent of initiation rites.

1937 R. H. Lowie Hist. Ethnol. Theory (1938) xi. 180 Boys' initiation rites probably involve circumcision.

1974 ‘S. Woods’ Done to Death 186 Tribal initiation rites in one of the Indian reservations in the United States.

Draft additions September 2006

Chemistry. A process which begins a chain reaction; spec. the use of a reactive species to begin a polymerization reaction.

ΚΠ

1936 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 155 694 We represent polymerization as a chain reaction comprising (i) initiation..(ii) propagation..(iii) termination.

1967 D. Margerison & G. C. East Introd. Polymer Chem. iv. 154 Isobutene cannot be polymerized using free radical initiation.

1985 A. Streitwieser & C. H. Heathcock Introd. Org. Chem. xxxiv. 1114 In anionic polymerization, initiation is accomplished by addition of a nucleophile to a carbon-carbon double bond.

2002 Q. Zhou et al. in R. Krishnamoorti & R. A. Vaia Polymer Nanocomposites v. 45 The surface properties and chemistry involved in the initiation process may dramatically affect a living polymerization mechanism.

Draft additions September 2006

initiation codon n. Molecular Biology a codon that signals the beginning of the synthesis of a polypeptide chain, esp. the beginning of translation.

ΚΠ

1966 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56 1583 Factors which might primarily influence the specific interaction between a unique species of Met-tRNA and an initiation codon.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2639/1 The BM2 protein initiation codon overlaps with the termination codon of the M1 protein.

2000 B. Lewin Genes VII i. 26/2 A sequence that is translated into protein has a reading frame that starts with a special initiation codon (AUG) and that extends through a series of triplets representing amino acids.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

单词	initiation
释义	initiationn. /ɪnɪʃɪˈeɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin initiātiōn-em, noun of action < initiāre to initiate v. Compare French initiation (15th cent. in Godefroy Compl.). The action of initiating, or fact of being initiated. 1. The action of beginning, entering upon, or ‘starting’ something; the fact of being begun; beginning, commencement, origination. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] ordeOE thresholdeOE frumthc950 anginOE frumeOE worthOE beginninga1225 springc1225 springc1225 commencementc1250 ginninga1300 comsingc1325 entryc1330 aginning1340 alphac1384 incomea1400 formec1400 ingressc1420 birtha1425 principlea1449 comsementa1450 resultancec1450 inition1463 inceptiona1483 entering1526 originala1529 inchoation1530 opening1531 starting1541 principium1550 entrance1553 onset1561 rise1589 begin1590 ingate1591 overture1595 budding1601 initiationa1607 starting off1616 dawninga1631 dawn1633 impriminga1639 start1644 fall1647 initial1656 outset1664 outsettinga1698 going off1714 offsetting1782 offset1791 commence1794 aurora1806 incipiency1817 set-out1821 set-in1826 throw-off1828 go-off1830 outstart1844 start1857 incipience1864 oncome1865 kick-off1875 off-go1886 off1896 get-go1960 lift-off1967 a1607 T. Brightman Predictions & Prophecies (1641) 3 The Church of Germanie had its initiation or beginning in Martin Luther..in..1517. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 132 The Parliament..had granted but one Subsidy since the initiation of King James his reign. 1850 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 2) 73 We must ever refer them back to some antecedent force..and therefore the word initiation cannot in strictness apply. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty iii. 119 The initiation of all wise or noble things, comes and must come from individuals; generally at first from some one individual. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. vi. 43 Concerned in the initiation of Parliamentary measures. 2. Formal introduction by preliminary instruction or initial ceremony into some position, office, or society, or to knowledge of or participation in some principles or observances; hence generally, Admission to the knowledge, or instruction in the elements, of any subject or practice. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] > elementary teaching or initiation introductionc1430 induction1526 entrance1571 initiation1583 manumission1596 groundinga1656 initiating1750 breaking-in1843 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L6 At the time of their initiation, institution, induction, and admission [into a benefice]. 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists §6 In the first of these is required indeede a solemne initiation by baptisme. 1659 Order in Commons, Bernard Inn in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. II. 302/1 Some young Gentlemen of this House have lately had disorderly Meetings which they call ‘Initiations’. 1780 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 25 May Bath is a good place for the initiation of a young lady. 1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) xvi. 268 A large school is a most valuable initiation into actual life. Compounds General attributive. initiation ceremony n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > kinds of rite > initiatory > [noun] initiatory1675 Upanayana1817 Yeibichai1887 initiation ceremony1899 1899 W. B. Spencer & F. J. Gillen Native Tribes Central Austral. vii. 212 All Australian natives, with rare exceptions, have to pass through some initiation ceremony before being admitted to the secrets of the tribe. 1935 B. Malinowski Coral Gardens II. vi. 234 The instruction may take place in the course of initiation ceremonies. 1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization ii. 47 Economic, ritual, and recreational affairs..are often difficult to disentangle within a complex institutional sequence of events, such as an initiation ceremony. initiation fee n. ΚΠ 1890 C. Gross Gild Merchant I. 29 To become a gildsman..it was necessary to pay certain initiation-fees. initiation process n. ΚΠ 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 531 They always take a new name, and are supposed by the initiation process to become new beings in the magic wood. initiation rite n. ΚΠ 1916 H. B. Alexander N. Amer. Mythol. xi. 243 A myth which seems clearly reminiscent of initiation rites. 1937 R. H. Lowie Hist. Ethnol. Theory (1938) xi. 180 Boys' initiation rites probably involve circumcision. 1974 ‘S. Woods’ Done to Death 186 Tribal initiation rites in one of the Indian reservations in the United States. Draft additions September 2006 Chemistry. A process which begins a chain reaction; spec. the use of a reactive species to begin a polymerization reaction. ΚΠ 1936 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 155 694 We represent polymerization as a chain reaction comprising (i) initiation..(ii) propagation..(iii) termination. 1967 D. Margerison & G. C. East Introd. Polymer Chem. iv. 154 Isobutene cannot be polymerized using free radical initiation. 1985 A. Streitwieser & C. H. Heathcock Introd. Org. Chem. xxxiv. 1114 In anionic polymerization, initiation is accomplished by addition of a nucleophile to a carbon-carbon double bond. 2002 Q. Zhou et al. in R. Krishnamoorti & R. A. Vaia Polymer Nanocomposites v. 45 The surface properties and chemistry involved in the initiation process may dramatically affect a living polymerization mechanism. Draft additions September 2006 initiation codon n. Molecular Biology a codon that signals the beginning of the synthesis of a polypeptide chain, esp. the beginning of translation. ΚΠ 1966 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56 1583 Factors which might primarily influence the specific interaction between a unique species of Met-tRNA and an initiation codon. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2639/1 The BM2 protein initiation codon overlaps with the termination codon of the M1 protein. 2000 B. Lewin Genes VII i. 26/2 A sequence that is translated into protein has a reading frame that starts with a special initiation codon (AUG) and that extends through a series of triplets representing amino acids. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1583
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