ingenuousadj.

/ɪnˈdʒɛnjuːəs/

Etymology: < Latin ingenuus native, inborn, free-born, having the qualities of a freeman, noble, frank ( < in- (in- prefix³) + gen-, stem of gignĕre to beget) + -ous suffix. Compare French ingénu (13th cent. in Godefroy).

1. Of free or honourable birth; free-born. (Chiefly in references to Roman History.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective] > of birth

well-bornOE

ethelbornOE

athelOE

high-bornc1275

noblec1300

great-kinned?c1450

nobly-born1586

ingenious1638

ingenuous1638

gently-born1871

thegn-born1874

hochgeboren1930

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [adjective] > free or not slave > free-born

free-bornc1225

ingenuous1638

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 160 It seemeth moreover to have been a priviledge of the ingenuous or free~borne lads onely.

1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church vi. 192 Caracalla bestowed the rights of citizenship on all Roman subjects who were of ingenuous birth.

1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire IV. xl. 524 Augustus allowed the Roman citizens..to intermarry with freedwomen..because the females of ingenuous birth were not numerous enough to mate them.

a. Noble in nature, character, or disposition; generous, high-minded. (Of persons, or their dispositions, actions, etc.) Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > and noble or magnificent

dearOE

freelyOE

athelOE

highlyOE

dearwortha1175

noblec1325

worshipful1340

dearworthyc1374

ingenuous1598

valuable1598

society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > [adjective] > high-minded or magnanimous

athelmodc1275

freec1380

worthya1393

great-heartedc1425

noble1447

magnanimec1475

greata1500

haught1530

magnanimous1547

heartya1555

high-minded1556

noble-natured1576

generous1581

noble-minded1586

liberal-minded1592

ingenious1597

ingenuous1598

large-hearted1607

noble-tempered1654

big-hearted1711

broad-hearted1719

megalopsychic1896

big1910

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. Proem. sig. B5 Thou nursing Mother of faire wisedoms lore, Ingenuous Melancholy.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Ingenuous, gentleman-like.

1619 J. Denison Heauenly Banquet 178 They scoffe him; an iniury hardly indured by any ingenuous man.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chesh. 180 His having a Princes mind imprison'd in a poor mans purse, rendred him to the contempt of such who were not ingenuous.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God Ep. Ded. sig. A3 To ingenuous Natures true Honor..is not the meanest [consideration].

1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xlvii. 353 Shame is no punishment except upon persons of ingenuous dispositions.

†b. Of animals or things: Of high or excellent quality or character; ‘noble’. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 257 Pruning off the new sets, and sparing the old, as the most ingenuous and fruitfull.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 5 Planted in a more open, free, and ingenuous soil.

†3. Befitting a free-born person, or one of honourable station; liberal, high-class. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [adjective]

liberalc1390

ingenuous1611

ingeniousa1616

1611 T. Coryate Crudities Ep. Ded. sig. a5 Those courtly Gentlemen, whose noble parentage, ingenuous education, and vertuous conuersation haue made worthy to be admitted into your Highnesse Court.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 188 In old time, when naked vertue was yet in esteem..all kinde of ingenuous arts did flourish.

a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. xxxiv. 333 A Person, who..seems to have good natural Parts, and to have had ingenuous Education.

a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 716 Improved and exalted by..that great opener of the mind, ingenuous science.

a. Honourably straightforward; open, frank, candid. (The current sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > honourableness > [adjective]

faireOE

goodlyOE

selec1275

honourablec1384

just1509

ingenuous1610

squarea1644

even down1654

white1837

sportsmanlike1899

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists xxv. 63 You beginne to be ingenuous; while you confesse a reformation in the Church of England.

1616 [implied in: B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iv. v, in Wks. I. 51 Tell me, ingenuously, dost thou affect my sister Bridget, as thou pretend'st? (at ingenuously adv. 1)].

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 21 Yf he wyll make an ingenuous confession.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxi. 184 The Damsell of Burgundie, at sight of her own letter, was soon blank, and more ingenuous then to stand outfacing.

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty 5 I will be ingenuous enough to confess something of this may be true.

1794 E. Hector Let. 9 Jan. in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1799) I. 66 Surely it would be more ingenuous to acknowledge, than to persevere.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 260 The language which he held..was well weighed and well guarded, but clear and ingenuous.

b. Innocently frank or open; guileless, innocent; artless. (= French ingénu, -ue.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > artless, guileless, or innocent

simple?c1225

innocenta1382

simple-hearted?c1425

unsubtlea1500

indolec1550

naïfc1598

sacklessa1600

plain-hearted1601

unnooked1602

unguileful1604

onefold1606

naivea1614

innocentious1624

innocential1628

excuseless1640

uncrafty1647

craftless1650

ingenuousa1662

innocentive1661

unartful1703

artless1714

ingénue1848

blue-eyed1903

a1662 P. Heylyn Cosmographie (1674) iv. ii. 142/1 The People generally of a modest and ingenuous [1652 ingenious] countenance.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xviii. 8 To quench the blushes of ingenuous Shame.

1781 W. Blane Ess. on Hunting Pref. p. x Stories of the young and ingenuous Peasant torn from his weeping Parents, and..banished.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly I. ii. 35 These were fine notions to have got into the head of an ingenuous country maiden.

1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 139 His ingenuous eyes opened widely.

†5. Native, natural. (nonce-use, representing Latin ingenuus.) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiv. 460 Before the ‘ingenuous rock’ had been ‘violated by the marble’ of Constantine.

6. In 17th cent. frequently misused for ingenious: see ingenious adj. 1 – 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > gifted or talented

able1520

ingenuous1598

parted1600

gifted1644

magic-gifted1811

talented1827

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [adjective]

keena1000

nimbleOE

wittya1100

smeighc1200

understandingc1200

aperta1330

skillwisea1340

witted1377

intelligiblea1382

well-feelinga1382

knowinga1398

finec1400

large?a1425

well-knowingc1425

of understanding1428

capax1432

sententiousc1440

well-wittedc1450

intellectual?a1475

clean1485

industriousc1487

intellective1509

cleanlyc1540

ingenious?a1560

fine-headed1574

conceited1579

conceitful1594

intelligenced1596

dexter1597

ingenuous1598

intelligent1598

senseful1598

parted1600

thinking1605

dexterical1607

solert1612

apprehensivea1616

dexterous1622

solertic1623

intelligential1646

callent1656

cunning1671

thoughtful1674

perceptive1696

clever1716

uptaking1756

spiritual1807

bright1815

gnostic1819

knowledgeable1825

brainy1845

opulent1851

opening1872

super-cerebral1916

brainiac1976

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 77 Yf their Sonnes be ingenous [1623 ingennous], they shal want no instruction.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 27 What? that an Eele is ingenious .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 187 My ingenuous Instrument, (Hearke Polidore) it sounds.

a1629 R. Hegge Legend St. Cuthbert (1663) 42 The art [of illumination of MSS.], I confess, is both ingenuous, and commendable.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius War with Vandals i. 15 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian John the Cappadocian, a bad man, was ingenuous to find projects for money to the treasury, with the ruine of men.

1795 H. Summersett Fate of Sedley II. 151 A sterile effort of folly and of ingenuous cunning.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	ingenuous
释义	ingenuousadj. /ɪnˈdʒɛnjuːəs/ Etymology: < Latin ingenuus native, inborn, free-born, having the qualities of a freeman, noble, frank ( < in- (in- prefix³) + gen-, stem of gignĕre to beget) + -ous suffix. Compare French ingénu (13th cent. in Godefroy). 1. Of free or honourable birth; free-born. (Chiefly in references to Roman History.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective] > of birth well-bornOE ethelbornOE athelOE high-bornc1275 noblec1300 great-kinned?c1450 nobly-born1586 ingenious1638 ingenuous1638 gently-born1871 thegn-born1874 hochgeboren1930 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [adjective] > free or not slave > free-born free-bornc1225 ingenuous1638 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 160 It seemeth moreover to have been a priviledge of the ingenuous or free~borne lads onely. 1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church vi. 192 Caracalla bestowed the rights of citizenship on all Roman subjects who were of ingenuous birth. 1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire IV. xl. 524 Augustus allowed the Roman citizens..to intermarry with freedwomen..because the females of ingenuous birth were not numerous enough to mate them. 2. a. Noble in nature, character, or disposition; generous, high-minded. (Of persons, or their dispositions, actions, etc.) Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > and noble or magnificent dearOE freelyOE athelOE highlyOE dearwortha1175 noblec1325 worshipful1340 dearworthyc1374 ingenuous1598 valuable1598 society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > [adjective] > high-minded or magnanimous athelmodc1275 freec1380 worthya1393 great-heartedc1425 noble1447 magnanimec1475 greata1500 haught1530 magnanimous1547 heartya1555 high-minded1556 noble-natured1576 generous1581 noble-minded1586 liberal-minded1592 ingenious1597 ingenuous1598 large-hearted1607 noble-tempered1654 big-hearted1711 broad-hearted1719 megalopsychic1896 big1910 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. Proem. sig. B5 Thou nursing Mother of faire wisedoms lore, Ingenuous Melancholy. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Ingenuous, gentleman-like. 1619 J. Denison Heauenly Banquet 178 They scoffe him; an iniury hardly indured by any ingenuous man. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chesh. 180 His having a Princes mind imprison'd in a poor mans purse, rendred him to the contempt of such who were not ingenuous. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God Ep. Ded. sig. A3 To ingenuous Natures true Honor..is not the meanest [consideration]. 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xlvii. 353 Shame is no punishment except upon persons of ingenuous dispositions. †b. Of animals or things: Of high or excellent quality or character; ‘noble’. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 257 Pruning off the new sets, and sparing the old, as the most ingenuous and fruitfull. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 5 Planted in a more open, free, and ingenuous soil. †3. Befitting a free-born person, or one of honourable station; liberal, high-class. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [adjective] liberalc1390 ingenuous1611 ingeniousa1616 1611 T. Coryate Crudities Ep. Ded. sig. a5 Those courtly Gentlemen, whose noble parentage, ingenuous education, and vertuous conuersation haue made worthy to be admitted into your Highnesse Court. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 188 In old time, when naked vertue was yet in esteem..all kinde of ingenuous arts did flourish. a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. xxxiv. 333 A Person, who..seems to have good natural Parts, and to have had ingenuous Education. a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 716 Improved and exalted by..that great opener of the mind, ingenuous science. 4. a. Honourably straightforward; open, frank, candid. (The current sense.) ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > honourableness > [adjective] faireOE goodlyOE selec1275 honourablec1384 just1509 ingenuous1610 squarea1644 even down1654 white1837 sportsmanlike1899 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists xxv. 63 You beginne to be ingenuous; while you confesse a reformation in the Church of England. 1616 [implied in: B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iv. v, in Wks. I. 51 Tell me, ingenuously, dost thou affect my sister Bridget, as thou pretend'st? (at ingenuously adv. 1)]. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 21 Yf he wyll make an ingenuous confession. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxi. 184 The Damsell of Burgundie, at sight of her own letter, was soon blank, and more ingenuous then to stand outfacing. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty 5 I will be ingenuous enough to confess something of this may be true. 1794 E. Hector Let. 9 Jan. in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1799) I. 66 Surely it would be more ingenuous to acknowledge, than to persevere. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 260 The language which he held..was well weighed and well guarded, but clear and ingenuous. b. Innocently frank or open; guileless, innocent; artless. (= French ingénu, -ue.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > artless, guileless, or innocent simple?c1225 innocenta1382 simple-hearted?c1425 unsubtlea1500 indolec1550 naïfc1598 sacklessa1600 plain-hearted1601 unnooked1602 unguileful1604 onefold1606 naivea1614 innocentious1624 innocential1628 excuseless1640 uncrafty1647 craftless1650 ingenuousa1662 innocentive1661 unartful1703 artless1714 ingénue1848 blue-eyed1903 a1662 P. Heylyn Cosmographie (1674) iv. ii. 142/1 The People generally of a modest and ingenuous [1652 ingenious] countenance. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xviii. 8 To quench the blushes of ingenuous Shame. 1781 W. Blane Ess. on Hunting Pref. p. x Stories of the young and ingenuous Peasant torn from his weeping Parents, and..banished. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly I. ii. 35 These were fine notions to have got into the head of an ingenuous country maiden. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 139 His ingenuous eyes opened widely. †5. Native, natural. (nonce-use, representing Latin ingenuus.) Obsolete. ΚΠ 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiv. 460 Before the ‘ingenuous rock’ had been ‘violated by the marble’ of Constantine. 6. In 17th cent. frequently misused for ingenious: see ingenious adj. 1 – 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > gifted or talented able1520 ingenuous1598 parted1600 gifted1644 magic-gifted1811 talented1827 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [adjective] keena1000 nimbleOE wittya1100 smeighc1200 understandingc1200 aperta1330 skillwisea1340 witted1377 intelligiblea1382 well-feelinga1382 knowinga1398 finec1400 large?a1425 well-knowingc1425 of understanding1428 capax1432 sententiousc1440 well-wittedc1450 intellectual?a1475 clean1485 industriousc1487 intellective1509 cleanlyc1540 ingenious?a1560 fine-headed1574 conceited1579 conceitful1594 intelligenced1596 dexter1597 ingenuous1598 intelligent1598 senseful1598 parted1600 thinking1605 dexterical1607 solert1612 apprehensivea1616 dexterous1622 solertic1623 intelligential1646 callent1656 cunning1671 thoughtful1674 perceptive1696 clever1716 uptaking1756 spiritual1807 bright1815 gnostic1819 knowledgeable1825 brainy1845 opulent1851 opening1872 super-cerebral1916 brainiac1976 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 77 Yf their Sonnes be ingenous [1623 ingennous], they shal want no instruction. View more context for this quotation 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 27 What? that an Eele is ingenious . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 187 My ingenuous Instrument, (Hearke Polidore) it sounds. View more context for this quotation a1629 R. Hegge Legend St. Cuthbert (1663) 42 The art [of illumination of MSS.], I confess, is both ingenuous, and commendable. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius War with Vandals i. 15 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian John the Cappadocian, a bad man, was ingenuous to find projects for money to the treasury, with the ruine of men. 1795 H. Summersett Fate of Sedley II. 151 A sterile effort of folly and of ingenuous cunning. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.1598
随便看	to knock around to knock back to knock daylight into to knock daylight through to knock down to knock down ginger to knock down like ninepins to knock for a goal to knock for a loop to knock for six to knock formerly also etc out of time to knock formerly also hit out of time to knock galley-west to knock galleywest to knock head to knock heads together to knock heads with to knock in to knock in pieces to knock into a cocked hat to knock into the middle of next week to knock it back to knock off to knock off a person's head to knock off his or her perch