abraidv.¹

Brit.

/əˈbreɪd/, U.S.

/əˈbreɪd/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle (archaic) abraid;

Forms:

α. Old English abredan, Old English abregdan, Old English abrit (3rd singular present indicative), Old English abryd (singular present subjunctive, probably transmission error), Old English abrygdeð (3rd singular present indicative), Old English abryt (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English abrede, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English (1800s English regional (northern)) abraide, Middle English–1500s abrayd, Middle English–1500s abrayde, 1500s abrade, 1800s– abraid (English regional (northern and north midlands) and archaic); Scottish pre-1700 abraid.

β. Middle English abraye, 1500s abray.

Past tense Old English abræd, Old English abrægd, Old English abrudon (plural), Old English abrugdon (plural), early Middle English abræid, early Middle English abreaid, early Middle English abred, Middle English abraide, Middle English abrayd, Middle English abreid, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English–1500s abrayde, Middle English–1500s abrayded, Middle English–1600s (1900s– archaic) abraid, late Middle English–1500s abrayed, 1500s abrade, 1600s abraied; Scottish pre-1700 abraid. Past participle Old English abrodon (rare), Old English abrogden, Old English–early Middle English abroden, early Middle English abroȝden, early Middle English abroȝdon, early Middle English abroiden, early Middle English abruden, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, 1600s–1700s abraid.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, braid v.¹

Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + braid v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class III. The β. forms show a present stem inferred from the past tense abraid, by analogy with lay v.¹, say v.¹, etc.

Now archaic and rare.

†a. transitive. To move (something) suddenly or violently, to wrench, snatch; to pull out; to draw (a sword). Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > suddenly or quickly

atbraidOE

abraidOE

snatch1590

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > strike with sword [verb (transitive)] > draw (sword)

abraidOE

braidOE

adrawlOE

drawlOE

ydrawlOE

out-braidc1330

outsheatha1400

undrawc1400

outhelea1500

unsheathea1542

nake1607

unscabbard1611

dissheathe1614

dismounta1616

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) x. 259 Þurh Cristes tocyme we wurdon abrodene of urum gedwyldum.

OE Genesis A (1931) 2915 Abraham leofa, ne sleah þin agen bearn, ac þu cwicne abregd cniht of ade.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 51 Witudlice an þæra..abræd [c1200 Hatton abred] hys swurd.

OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 484 Þæt þæt cild bið synnfull bedyped innto þam fante, and bið up abroden [c1175 Bodl. 343 up abroȝdon] fram synnum aðwogen.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 209 (MED) Ure soule is abroiden of þe hunte grune.

a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 239 (MED) A domes dȝei, alle godes fend simle fram his ȝesecðe abroden bienn.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13243 Sone his sweord he ut abræid [c1300 Otho vt breid].

†b. transitive. To raise (the eyes). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look up > turn (eyes) upwards

abraidOE

to-heavec1200

reara1382

upcast1390

blenkc1400

raisea1425

shore1581

upthrow1600

OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) 22 Drihten, nis min heorte onhafen, ne mine eagan up abrodene [a1225 Winteney up abrodene; L. neque elati sunt oculi mei].

a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) l. 1044 (MED) Þe vle wes wroþ, to cheste rad, Mid þisse worde hire eyen a braid [c1275 Calig. abrad].

c. intransitive. To make a sudden movement; to dart, spring; to start. Now rare (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)]

abraidOE

braidc1275

startc1275

shunta1400

squitch1570

flirt1582

sprunt1601

ricochet1856

OE Genesis A (1931) 2932 Abrægd þa mid þy bille, brynegield onhread, reccendne weg rommes blode, onbleot þæt lac gode.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2385 Iacob a-braid, and trewed it nogt.

J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1091 The qwyche wordys causyd her to abrayd Thorw the buschys.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 324 He abrayded up with a grete myght, and gate hym uppon hys feete.

1902 H. Van Dyke Blue Flower 69 With a great might he abraid upon his feet, and smote the black and yellow knight upon the helm.

†2.

a. intransitive. To start from sleep, wake up; to start from a swoon, fit, reverie, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > burst into motion

abraidOE

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > become awake > suddenly or with a start

abraidOE

startc1405

reacha1500

OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) xxi. 171 Him..wæron þa eagan mid þam slæpe betyned. He þa færinga forhtlice abræd [L. subito expergefactus].

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 158 He schal adomesdei grimliche abreiden [a1400 Pepys abrayen] wið þe dredfule dream of þe engles bemen.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 231 Adam abraid, and sag ðat wif.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2851 (MED) This king out of his swefne abreide.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1061 She out of hir mazednesse abreyde.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 8553 (MED) At the last he awoke and abraide.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 5625 (MED) She stynte a whyle & was in pes, But at the laste she abreyde.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) 1310 in Shorter Poems (1967) 84 Be not effrayit (scho said)..And with that word vp the strait rod abraid.

?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Fii^v I sodenly out of my sleepe abraid.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D5^v And now by this, Sir Satyrane abraid, Out of the swowne.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xiii. l. 244 But from his studie he at last abraid, Call'd by the Hermit old.

1748 G. Ridley in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems III. 29 Amaz'd she stood, nor could recover soon: From contemplation suddenly abraid; Starting at speech unusual.

b. transitive. To arouse; to startle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)]

wecchec897

aweccheeOE

wakenc1175

awake?c1225

upwakea1325

wakec1369

ruthec1400

daw1470

awaken1513

to stir up1526

dawn1530

to call up1548

unsleep1555

rouse1563

abraid1590

amove1591

arousea1616

dissleep1616

expergefy1623

start?1624

to rouse out1825

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > cause to start or flinch

startc1440

abraid1590

startle1598

gally1608

surprise1655

upstartlea1849

to get, have or give (someone) a skrik1887

upstart1892

jump1898

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc5^v For feare least her vnwares she should abrayd.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xi. sig. Nn2^v The braue Mayd would not for courtesy, Out of his quiet slomber him abrade.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvi. xxxi. 286 As when from sleepe and idle dreames abraid A man awakt, cals home his wits againe.

†3.

a. intransitive. To break out abruptly into speech; to burst into a cry; to cry out. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5156 Than unto hir for ire I seide, For anger, as I dide abraide.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2295 (MED) And whan þat þei were togidre sette, Þis Medea with syȝing first abreyde, And to Iason even þus sche seide.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 482 Our fadir Adam sodenli abraide, And to myn auctour euene thus he saide.

a1500 (?a1425) Ipomedon (Harl.) (1889) l. 1149 Ipomydon with þat stroke abrayde And to þe kynge þus he sayde.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. vi. sig. Pviii^v Holdyng his eien and handes vp towarde heven, [he] abrayded saying with a loude voice: [etc.].

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxvi. f. 87 After that he hadde syt a good space without speakynge, he abrayded out at the laste.

1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. B Who..doth not abrade, and crye, Uppon the greateste God of all.

b. transitive. To utter abruptly or loudly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in other sort of manner

rifta1400

abraida1500

rumblec1520

mince1549

roll1561

slaver1599

troll1631

yawn1718

buzz1763

gurgle1805

namby-pamby1812

sibilate1837

ripple1890

nicker1929

a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 2320 (MED) With that word Generydes abrayde: ‘Now is..good tyme [etc.].’

1578 T. Proctor in Heliconia I. 172 Wherwith distrest, with wood-like rage the wordes he out Abrade.

†4. intransitive. With to: to move towards, approach. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > haunt or resort [verb (intransitive)]

floatc1315

haunta1375

repaira1393

resort1432

abraid?a1439

accustomc1475

use1488

frequent1577

howff1808

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1277 (MED) O thou pryncesse..To thi flatereris I neuer dede abraide.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 3121 (MED) Platoun to whos cradel bees dede abraide.

†5. transitive (reflexive). To exert oneself. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 415/1 I abrayde, I inforce me to do a thinge, Je mefforce. He dyd abrayde him to reche it.

†6. intransitive. Of food: to rise in the stomach in the course of a nauseous attack or impulse. Of a person: to feel nauseous. Obsolete (English regional (northern and north midlands) in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit > rise in stomach

abraid?1537

to bolk up1561

rejolt1584

upbraid1604

?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xx. f. 35^v An appetit to eate or drynke mylke, to the entente that it shall not aryse or abrayde in the stomake.

1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. Abraid, to rise on the stomach with some degree of nausea.

1841 R. W. Hamilton Nugæ Lit. 340 The grossness of the food, as some say, upbraids him: properly it abraids.

1864 E. Lynn Linton Lake Country 295 Abraide, to have the acid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

abraidv.²

Brit.

/əˈbreɪd/, U.S.

/əˈbreɪd/

Forms: Middle English abrayd (past tense), Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English–1500s abrayde, Middle English–1600s abraide, 1600s– abraid (now regional).

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: upbraid v.

Etymology: Probably a variant of upbraid v., arising from association with abraid v.¹ Compare braid v.²With abraiding n. compare earlier upbraiding n.

Now regional and rare.

transitive. To reproach, reprove; = upbraid v. 2. With for, †of, †with.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)]

edwitec825

shendc897

lehtriec1000

atwiteOE

gaba1200

begredec1200

tucka1225

reprove?1316

braidc1325

abraidc1330

upbraida1340

reprocec1350

reprucec1350

umbraida1393

reproacha1400

brixlec1400

saya1470

embraid1481

outbraid1509

check1526

twit1530

entwite1541

broide1546

taunt1560

upbray1581

improperate1623

betwit1661

to jack up1896

c1330 Body & Soul (Auch.) (1889) 34 (MED) Wheþer þou be mi gast, þat me abreidest [v.rr. breidest, braydes] of min vnhap?

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 535 (MED) Þay scholde me noȝt dure abraide.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 6873 (MED) Þouȝ I wold of hatrede hym abraide.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 37 (MED) How the gentill woman abraided the lady.

a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 7 Exprobrare, to a-breyde.

1550 J. Hooper Ouersight Jonas iii. f. xxxix They wyll condemne and disdayne y^e verye Image of God in the poore, agaynste whome speaketh Salomon, Prouerb. xiiii. he y^t calumniateth the pore, abraydeth hys creatoure.

a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) ii. sig. C3 That thou darest thus abraide me in my land.

1607 E. Sharpham Cupids Whirligig i. sig. C^v I..loue good cloathes which his eyes weare, yet hee abraides me, swearing..that I spread gay raggs about mee like a nette to catch the hearts of strangers.

1699 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 9 I shall sit downe satisfied in her so doeing & promise never to abraid her with so doeing.

1704 J. Dennis Liberty Asserted iv. vi. 50 If I appear to abraid thee..think there's a wondrous reason for't.

?1775 Hist. Ld. Stanton II. xxxii. 228 They abraided me with my poverty, and their having saved me from starving; they reproached me for my ingratitude.

1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 11 Aug. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1988) V. 70 I..could not forbare abraiding them a little for their want of attention.

1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Abraid, to reprove.

1939 E. E. Gardner & G. J. Chickering Ballads & Songs Southern Michigan 156 ‘O base and cruel Johnny, how could you serve me so?’ ‘O don't abraid me, Polly.’

Derivatives

† abraiding n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 232 (MED) He suffrede..meny and foule obreydynges and reproues.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 9339 (MED) [Generides] for that abraiding Waxed wroth toward the king.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abraid
释义	† abraidn.¹ Forms: late Middle English abraid, late Middle English abreid. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: abraid v.² Etymology: < abraid v.² Compare earlier upbraid n., abraiding n. at abraid v.² Derivatives. Obsolete. Upbraiding, censure. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [noun] > instance of upbraida1200 parablec1350 abraid?a1439 taunt?1499 tench1513 touch1522 exprobration1526 checka1529 twit1528 upbray1590 reproach1611 upcast1669 slow clap1937 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 437 (MED) Yif..Catoun Hadde ageyn me..maad abraid, I wolde haue suffrid what-euere he hadde said. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 3052 (MED) Wherto makest thou such abreid? Me thinkes thou spekest without resoun. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † abraidn.² Forms: 1500s abrayd. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: abraid v.¹ Etymology: < abraid v.¹ Obsolete. rare. A start, a jerk. Cf. braid n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > [noun] braid1297 startc1330 abraid1570 bolt1577 quirka1616 sprunt1660 shunting1775 flick1866 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > [noun] > jerking > a jerk spang1513 lipe1545 job1560 jert1568 abraid1570 jerk1575 flirta1592 yark1610 slip1615 flerka1653 hitch1674 toss1676 hotch1721 saccade1728 surge1748 flip1821 snatch1822 fling1826 kick1835 chuckc1843 jolt1849 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii ^v/2 An Abrayd, impetus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). abraidv.¹ Brit. /əˈbreɪd/, U.S. /əˈbreɪd/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle (archaic) abraid; Forms: α. Old English abredan, Old English abregdan, Old English abrit (3rd singular present indicative), Old English abryd (singular present subjunctive, probably transmission error), Old English abrygdeð (3rd singular present indicative), Old English abryt (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English abrede, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English (1800s English regional (northern)) abraide, Middle English–1500s abrayd, Middle English–1500s abrayde, 1500s abrade, 1800s– abraid (English regional (northern and north midlands) and archaic); Scottish pre-1700 abraid. β. Middle English abraye, 1500s abray. Past tense Old English abræd, Old English abrægd, Old English abrudon (plural), Old English abrugdon (plural), early Middle English abræid, early Middle English abreaid, early Middle English abred, Middle English abraide, Middle English abrayd, Middle English abreid, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English–1500s abrayde, Middle English–1500s abrayded, Middle English–1600s (1900s– archaic) abraid, late Middle English–1500s abrayed, 1500s abrade, 1600s abraied; Scottish pre-1700 abraid. Past participle Old English abrodon (rare), Old English abrogden, Old English–early Middle English abroden, early Middle English abroȝden, early Middle English abroȝdon, early Middle English abroiden, early Middle English abruden, Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, 1600s–1700s abraid. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, braid v.¹ Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + braid v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class III. The β. forms show a present stem inferred from the past tense abraid, by analogy with lay v.¹, say v.¹, etc. Now archaic and rare. 1. †a. transitive. To move (something) suddenly or violently, to wrench, snatch; to pull out; to draw (a sword). Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > suddenly or quickly atbraidOE abraidOE snatch1590 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > strike with sword [verb (transitive)] > draw (sword) abraidOE braidOE adrawlOE drawlOE ydrawlOE out-braidc1330 outsheatha1400 undrawc1400 outhelea1500 unsheathea1542 nake1607 unscabbard1611 dissheathe1614 dismounta1616 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) x. 259 Þurh Cristes tocyme we wurdon abrodene of urum gedwyldum. OE Genesis A (1931) 2915 Abraham leofa, ne sleah þin agen bearn, ac þu cwicne abregd cniht of ade. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 51 Witudlice an þæra..abræd [c1200 Hatton abred] hys swurd. OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 484 Þæt þæt cild bið synnfull bedyped innto þam fante, and bið up abroden [c1175 Bodl. 343 up abroȝdon] fram synnum aðwogen. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 209 (MED) Ure soule is abroiden of þe hunte grune. a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 239 (MED) A domes dȝei, alle godes fend simle fram his ȝesecðe abroden bienn. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13243 Sone his sweord he ut abræid [c1300 Otho vt breid]. †b. transitive. To raise (the eyes). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look up > turn (eyes) upwards abraidOE to-heavec1200 reara1382 upcast1390 blenkc1400 raisea1425 shore1581 upthrow1600 OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) 22 Drihten, nis min heorte onhafen, ne mine eagan up abrodene [a1225 Winteney up abrodene; L. neque elati sunt oculi mei]. a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) l. 1044 (MED) Þe vle wes wroþ, to cheste rad, Mid þisse worde hire eyen a braid [c1275 Calig. abrad]. c. intransitive. To make a sudden movement; to dart, spring; to start. Now rare (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] abraidOE braidc1275 startc1275 shunta1400 squitch1570 flirt1582 sprunt1601 ricochet1856 OE Genesis A (1931) 2932 Abrægd þa mid þy bille, brynegield onhread, reccendne weg rommes blode, onbleot þæt lac gode. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2385 Iacob a-braid, and trewed it nogt. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 1091 The qwyche wordys causyd her to abrayd Thorw the buschys. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 324 He abrayded up with a grete myght, and gate hym uppon hys feete. 1902 H. Van Dyke Blue Flower 69 With a great might he abraid upon his feet, and smote the black and yellow knight upon the helm. †2. a. intransitive. To start from sleep, wake up; to start from a swoon, fit, reverie, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > burst into motion abraidOE the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > become awake > suddenly or with a start abraidOE startc1405 reacha1500 OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) xxi. 171 Him..wæron þa eagan mid þam slæpe betyned. He þa færinga forhtlice abræd [L. subito expergefactus]. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 158 He schal adomesdei grimliche abreiden [a1400 Pepys abrayen] wið þe dredfule dream of þe engles bemen. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 231 Adam abraid, and sag ðat wif. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2851 (MED) This king out of his swefne abreide. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1061 She out of hir mazednesse abreyde. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 8553 (MED) At the last he awoke and abraide. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 5625 (MED) She stynte a whyle & was in pes, But at the laste she abreyde. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) 1310 in Shorter Poems (1967) 84 Be not effrayit (scho said)..And with that word vp the strait rod abraid. ?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Fii^v I sodenly out of my sleepe abraid. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D5^v And now by this, Sir Satyrane abraid, Out of the swowne. View more context for this quotation 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xiii. l. 244 But from his studie he at last abraid, Call'd by the Hermit old. 1748 G. Ridley in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems III. 29 Amaz'd she stood, nor could recover soon: From contemplation suddenly abraid; Starting at speech unusual. b. transitive. To arouse; to startle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)] wecchec897 aweccheeOE wakenc1175 awake?c1225 upwakea1325 wakec1369 ruthec1400 daw1470 awaken1513 to stir up1526 dawn1530 to call up1548 unsleep1555 rouse1563 abraid1590 amove1591 arousea1616 dissleep1616 expergefy1623 start?1624 to rouse out1825 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > cause to start or flinch startc1440 abraid1590 startle1598 gally1608 surprise1655 upstartlea1849 to get, have or give (someone) a skrik1887 upstart1892 jump1898 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc5^v For feare least her vnwares she should abrayd. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xi. sig. Nn2^v The braue Mayd would not for courtesy, Out of his quiet slomber him abrade. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvi. xxxi. 286 As when from sleepe and idle dreames abraid A man awakt, cals home his wits againe. †3. a. intransitive. To break out abruptly into speech; to burst into a cry; to cry out. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5156 Than unto hir for ire I seide, For anger, as I dide abraide. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2295 (MED) And whan þat þei were togidre sette, Þis Medea with syȝing first abreyde, And to Iason even þus sche seide. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 482 Our fadir Adam sodenli abraide, And to myn auctour euene thus he saide. a1500 (?a1425) Ipomedon (Harl.) (1889) l. 1149 Ipomydon with þat stroke abrayde And to þe kynge þus he sayde. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. vi. sig. Pviii^v Holdyng his eien and handes vp towarde heven, [he] abrayded saying with a loude voice: [etc.]. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxvi. f. 87 After that he hadde syt a good space without speakynge, he abrayded out at the laste. 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. B Who..doth not abrade, and crye, Uppon the greateste God of all. b. transitive. To utter abruptly or loudly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in other sort of manner rifta1400 abraida1500 rumblec1520 mince1549 roll1561 slaver1599 troll1631 yawn1718 buzz1763 gurgle1805 namby-pamby1812 sibilate1837 ripple1890 nicker1929 a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 2320 (MED) With that word Generydes abrayde: ‘Now is..good tyme [etc.].’ 1578 T. Proctor in Heliconia I. 172 Wherwith distrest, with wood-like rage the wordes he out Abrade. †4. intransitive. With to: to move towards, approach. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > haunt or resort [verb (intransitive)] floatc1315 haunta1375 repaira1393 resort1432 abraid?a1439 accustomc1475 use1488 frequent1577 howff1808 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1277 (MED) O thou pryncesse..To thi flatereris I neuer dede abraide. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 3121 (MED) Platoun to whos cradel bees dede abraide. †5. transitive (reflexive). To exert oneself. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 415/1 I abrayde, I inforce me to do a thinge, Je mefforce. He dyd abrayde him to reche it. †6. intransitive. Of food: to rise in the stomach in the course of a nauseous attack or impulse. Of a person: to feel nauseous. Obsolete (English regional (northern and north midlands) in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit > rise in stomach abraid?1537 to bolk up1561 rejolt1584 upbraid1604 ?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xx. f. 35^v An appetit to eate or drynke mylke, to the entente that it shall not aryse or abrayde in the stomake. 1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. Abraid, to rise on the stomach with some degree of nausea. 1841 R. W. Hamilton Nugæ Lit. 340 The grossness of the food, as some say, upbraids him: properly it abraids. 1864 E. Lynn Linton Lake Country 295 Abraide, to have the acid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). abraidv.² Brit. /əˈbreɪd/, U.S. /əˈbreɪd/ Forms: Middle English abrayd (past tense), Middle English abreide, Middle English abreyde, Middle English–1500s abrayde, Middle English–1600s abraide, 1600s– abraid (now regional). Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: upbraid v. Etymology: Probably a variant of upbraid v., arising from association with abraid v.¹ Compare braid v.²With abraiding n. compare earlier upbraiding n. Now regional and rare. transitive. To reproach, reprove; = upbraid v. 2. With for, †of, †with. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)] edwitec825 shendc897 lehtriec1000 atwiteOE gaba1200 begredec1200 tucka1225 reprove?1316 braidc1325 abraidc1330 upbraida1340 reprocec1350 reprucec1350 umbraida1393 reproacha1400 brixlec1400 saya1470 embraid1481 outbraid1509 check1526 twit1530 entwite1541 broide1546 taunt1560 upbray1581 improperate1623 betwit1661 to jack up1896 c1330 Body & Soul (Auch.) (1889) 34 (MED) Wheþer þou be mi gast, þat me abreidest [v.rr. breidest, braydes] of min vnhap? c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 535 (MED) Þay scholde me noȝt dure abraide. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 6873 (MED) Þouȝ I wold of hatrede hym abraide. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 37 (MED) How the gentill woman abraided the lady. a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 7 Exprobrare, to a-breyde. 1550 J. Hooper Ouersight Jonas iii. f. xxxix They wyll condemne and disdayne y^e verye Image of God in the poore, agaynste whome speaketh Salomon, Prouerb. xiiii. he y^t calumniateth the pore, abraydeth hys creatoure. a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) ii. sig. C3 That thou darest thus abraide me in my land. 1607 E. Sharpham Cupids Whirligig i. sig. C^v I..loue good cloathes which his eyes weare, yet hee abraides me, swearing..that I spread gay raggs about mee like a nette to catch the hearts of strangers. 1699 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 9 I shall sit downe satisfied in her so doeing & promise never to abraid her with so doeing. 1704 J. Dennis Liberty Asserted iv. vi. 50 If I appear to abraid thee..think there's a wondrous reason for't. ?1775 Hist. Ld. Stanton II. xxxii. 228 They abraided me with my poverty, and their having saved me from starving; they reproached me for my ingratitude. 1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 11 Aug. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1988) V. 70 I..could not forbare abraiding them a little for their want of attention. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Abraid, to reprove. 1939 E. E. Gardner & G. J. Chickering Ballads & Songs Southern Michigan 156 ‘O base and cruel Johnny, how could you serve me so?’ ‘O don't abraid me, Polly.’ Derivatives † abraiding n. Obsolete ΚΠ c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 232 (MED) He suffrede..meny and foule obreydynges and reproues. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 9339 (MED) [Generides] for that abraiding Waxed wroth toward the king. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹?a1439n.²1570v.¹OEv.²c1330
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† abraidn.1

† abraidn.2

abraidv.1

abraidv.2

Derivatives

† abraidn.¹

† abraidn.²

abraidv.¹

abraidv.²