| 释义 |
arteryn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French arterie; Latin artēria. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman arteire, Anglo-Norman and Middle French arterie, artere artery (13th cent. in Old French; now also in figurative use), trachea or windpipe (a1365; c1240 in trachie arterie ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin artēria artery, trachea or windpipe (also artēria aspera ( < artēria + aspera , feminine of asper asper adj.), on account of the rough surface presented by its cartilaginous rings) < ancient Greek ἀρτηρία trachea or windpipe, artery < Hellenistic Greek ἀρτήρ instrument for lifting or carrying something (although this is apparently first attested later (Septuagint); < ancient Greek αἴρειν , (Epic and Ionic) ἀείρειν to raise, lift up (see aorta n.) + -τήρ , suffix forming agent nouns) + -ία -y suffix3. Compare Old Occitan artaria, arteria (14th cent.), Catalan artèria (15th cent.), Spanish arteria (1438 as alteria), Portuguese artéria (15th cent.), Italian arteria (a1519).Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία was sometimes explained in antiquity as being < ἀήρ ‘air’, in accordance with ideas about arterial functions then current. Among the ancients, the arteries, as they do not contain any blood after death, were popularly regarded as air ducts, ramifying from the trachea. I. Literal senses in Medicine. the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > wind-pipe a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxiii. 211 Þe instrumentis of þe voys ben meny..þe longen, strengis, þe þrote and arteries, þe mouþ [etc.]. a1450 (c1400–25) H. Legat Serm. Passion in D. M. Grisdale (1939) 16 (MED) Cherubin, seraphin & trones..sin þei be nauth componid ex materia & forma..hit is gret wundur how þei synge..with-oute ani pype or arteri material. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. Cxxviij/1 Alle my Arteryes shold resowne in humayne voys. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Hii, in The vlcere yt is in the sharpe artere called tracheia. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye II. 93 That pipe which is called the rough Artery or wind-pipe. 1626 F. Bacon §199 [The Lungs] expelleth the air: which through the Artire, throat and mouth, maketh the voice. 1661 J. Burton 71 The extention of the sharp Artery contributes to the diversifying of our voice into shrill or low, acute or flat. 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Asper artery, the wind-pipe. 1724 iv. 25 In Ulcers of the rough Artery, we should lie along our Backs. 1761 J. Mordant I. 209 When he gave them the whip upon the rump, would fetch the gutteral sound of hoay, hoay, up the rough artery, as if his lungs was a curtal-bag. 1880 Arteria aspera, the rough artery. An old term for the trachea or windpipe; because of the inequalities or roughness of its surface, caused by the cartilaginous rings entering into its formation. 1903 24 Oct. 1143/1 The air..was introduced into the lung by the ‘rough artery’. 2003 75 610/2 The arteria aspera, the ‘rough artery’, as the trachea was known for generations, entered the surgical theater only slowly. the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [noun] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 37 Þe arteries takeþ þe spirit of þe herte & beriþ forþ to make þe puls. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 41 Of pia mater norisshynge is ȝit in þe brayne. And veynes and arteries comeþ to ham wiþynneforthe by the holes of þe ynner bones. 1533 T. Elyot 12 Spirit vitall procedeth from the harte, and by the arteries or pulses is sente into all the body. ?1541 R. Copland ii. sig. Djv The vaynes bereth the nourysshyng blode, and the arteres the spyrytual blode. 1621 R. Burton i. i. ii. iii. 23 Arteries, are long & hollow, with a double skin to convay the vitall spirits. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin (new ed.) 369 That..the pulse of the arteries is caused by the Impulse of Blood, the waving, creeping, pismire pulses seem to show. 1707 J. Floyer 350 The celiac Branches of the Artery..send Branches to all the Viscera in the middle Region. 1786 2 99 The course of the anterior tibial artery. 1804 12 546 The compressing of the principal artery or arteries that supply the part or parts with blood..will stop the bleeding. 1872 S. W. Baker (new ed.) viii. 118 The arteries being divided, the animal would quickly bleed to death. 1913 R. Kane 63 Opening the flood-gates of the arteries until heavy masses of purple outwelled into dark pools. 1958 19 Aug. 4/6 He severely cut his arms, severing an artery, and was beaten back by the flames. 2005 I. McEwan iv. 226 Looking down, he sees an account of a new spinal fusion procedure, and a new technique for opening blocked carotid arteries. the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun] 1621 F. Quarles sig. E2 The strongest Arcteries that knit and tye The members of a mixed Monarchy. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz ii. xv. 120 The bones in the Joynt..are covered with Arteries, which are weaker than bones. II. Extended uses. 1574 J. Whitgift ix. 532 Whatsoeuer he be, that is a member of the bodie of Christ, may be assured that he receyueth life from Christ the head, as well by the arteries and conduites of the Supper of the Lorde, as by the preaching of the worde of God. 1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey 12 The Earth you knowe, is a mightie great huge body, and consisteth of many diuers, and contrarie members, & vaines, and arteries. 1616 To Rdr. sig. B To see the vanity of youth, so perfectly anatomised, that you may see euery veine, muscle and arterie. 1687 J. Scott (ed. 2) II. vii. 280 The former are united by Laws and mutual stipulations, which are the Political Nerves and Arteries, by which their several parts..are united to one another. 1719 C. Johnson i. i. 6 Behold the Circulation of Money from the great Veins into the Arteries, and from thence into the Capillary Vessels, till it enlivens the whole Animal Oeconomy. 1757 M. Postlethwayt v. 106 The Sea Ports are the Arteries of the Body Politic, the capital City is its Heart. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. v. vi. 268 The awful curse of the papal excommunication..seemed to freeze up all the arteries of life. 1875 W. B. Sipes 199/1 The tidewater canal running along its border for fifty miles, and several local railroads reaching its fruitful valleys, rich ore-banks, and growing towns, are business arteries carrying vitality into every portion of it. 1920 15 Nov. 14/1 He has latterly become steadily more Conservative, less from conviction than from the hardening of his political arteries. 1990 M. Myers in S. M. Conger ii. 133 Wollstonecraft deplores..a hardening of the emotional arteries so that women feel and act by rote. 2006 (Nexis) 27 Nov. The main arteries of life in many Irish villages today are being bled dry. 5. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > network of routes > main channel in 1748 J. Ralph v. 30 Possibly we may, at last, think it worth our while..to make such a Disposition with regard to the West-Indies, as may enable us to cut the other main Artery of the French Commerce. 1796 W. Vaughan 22 Canals and roads form the great arteries of internal commerce. 1850 R. Glisan (1874) 27 Those great arteries of commerce—the railroads. 1896 Feb. 447/1 The United States will never accord to her that coveted mastery of one of the great arteries of South American commerce. 1924 J. Galsworthy iii. vii. 258 But along the main artery at the end the traffic streamed and rattled. 1970 R. Wright (1972) 37 We have tie-ups and rear-enders on all the major arteries leading out of town. 2002 26 Apr. 35/5 The railways are India's principal arteries of internal trade and commerce. the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > types of river > [noun] > specific 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 180 in The Rivers which are as it were so many Veins and Arteries to this vast Body, supply it with such abundance of Fish, that it is to be had in a manner for nothing.] 1787 M. Cutler 23 The Ohio is the grand Artery of that part of America beyond the mountains. 1805 Jefferson in E. O. Rowland (1930) 177 We shall delineate with correctness the great arteries of this great country. 1827 J. F. Cooper xxiv The mighty arteries of the Missouri and Mississippi. 1991 (Nexis) 8 Feb. e1 The Los Angeles River, that great artery trickling through town with all the energy of a knotted garden hose. Compoundsa1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 300 (MED) Basilica..sittiþ ful nyȝ þe gret arterie & þerfore a man mote be wel war þat he touche not þe arterie veyne. 1519 W. Horman iii. f. 27v The arter strynge is the condyte of the lyfe sprite. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano 2 B i Veyne bludde ruddye and obscure: and arterie bludde ruddye and clere. 1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck (new ed.) i. 112/2 There is a sharp Salt, acid Juice which is made in the Liver out of the artery Blood. 1739 S. Sharp xxxvii. 218 This is a much better way than using the Artery Forceps, where the Vessels are apt to slip away out of the Ligature. 1860 11 605 The incision..was immediately closed by four points of interrupted silk suture, inserted with the aid of a sharp artery-needle. 1924 Sept. 285 Portions of the artery wall die and are liquefied. 1957 20 Sept. 8/3 He clipped artery forceps on his arm and chest—which normally causes severe pain—and continued his lecture. 1967 15 July 109/1 We still have no ‘miracle drugs’ for strokes, coronary artery disease or most cancers. 2004 Feb. 166/1 C-Reactive Protein (CRP). A protein found in blood that signals artery inflammation. C2. 1955 29 Apr. 13/3 There's definite evidence that artery clogging is a disease rather than the inevitable result of growing old. 1977 (Nexis) 17 Oct. 142 He explains that artery-clogging cholesterol should—in the average over-40 executive—show a level of about 200 mg to 210 mg for each 100 cu. cm of blood. 1990 J. Bishop & M. Waldholz ix. 185 Most of the time it took ten years or more for the artery-clogging to progress. 2007 1 Feb. 10/1 Artery clogging trans-fats will have been phased out of almost all supermarket own-brand food within weeks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). arteryv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: artery n. the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > thrust apart [verb (transitive)] > cause to ramify > furnish with ramification 1843 C. Mathews Behemoth i. in 102/2 Before him he bore..a mighty and lithe trunk, which..he coiled and darted through the air, like a monstrous serpent, arteried with poison and death. 1878 A. Cameron in 126 491 Great rivers that arteried every state. 1904 31 July iii. 2/5 It is..a vast plateau, veined sparsely with creeks and arteried with a few rivers that were swollen with the floods of spring. 2006 (Nexis) 5 May We've started the engineering work..and we will be arterying specialty tubulars probably in the third quarter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.a1398 v.1843 |
