inferioradj.n.

Brit.

/ɪnˈfɪərɪə/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈfɪriər/

Forms: Also 1500s -oure, 1500s–1700s -our.

Etymology: < Latin inferiōr lower, comparative of inferus low. Compare French inférieur, 16th cent. in Littré (also rare inferiore, 15th cent.). (The 16–17th cent. spelling inferiour followed words from Anglo-Norman -our, French -eur.)

Lower: opposed in all senses to superior, and often antithetical to it in designating pairs of things, as ‘superior and inferior courts of law’.

A. adj.

a. Lower in position; situated below, or farther down than, something else; nether; subjacent. (Now chiefly in technical use; see also senses A. 3 – A. 8)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position

netherOE

nethermorea1382

downwarda1400

inferial?a1475

inferior?a1475

subject?a1475

lower1611

subordinate1648

female1652

lowermore1663

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 255 The inferior Germany, towarde the weste, is abowte the floode callede Renus.

1517 Domesday Inclos. I. 257 A messuage in Tynton inferior belongyng to John Richerdson.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. ii. ii. f. 13 The inferior ventricle receyuing the liuer, stomacke, splene, kidnyes.

1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. F1^v Here the swoln sea views the inferiour ground.

a1769 W. Falconer Poet. Wks. (1798) 82 The soul..sails incumbent on inferior night.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 97 The heated elastic matter must remain longer in contact with the inferior than with the superior portion.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 297 The result would be the same if, the swiftness being equal, the inferior current had only a fourth of the volume of the superior.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. v. 576 The old Glacial drift..being observed in several places as an inferior deposit.

b. Const. to (that which is higher). rare.

ΚΠ

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. E iij ^v So that the vent or end..be inferior to the Fountaine whence it is deriued.

2. Lower in the stream of time; later. (Cf. descend v. 5, down adv. 18b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later

overeOE

latterOE

posterior1534

later1542

lateward1577

elder1597

inferior1641

ulterior1646

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 90 The Bishops of inferiour times.

1894 Daily News 20 Dec. 6/2 The year which has been chosen as the inferior limit.

a. Lower in degree, rank, importance, quality, amount, or other respect; of less value or consideration; lesser; subordinate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]

evil971

lowc1175

poor?c1225

feeblec1275

vilea1300

petty1372

unthende1377

secondary1386

petitc1390

unmeeta1393

illa1400

commonc1400

coarse1424

indigent1426

unlikelyc1450

lesser1464

gross1474

naughty1526

inferior1531

reprobate?1545

slender1577

unlikely1578

puny1579

under1580

wooden1592

sordid1596

puisne1598

provant1601

subministrant1604

inferious1607

sublunary1624

indifferent1638

undermatched1642

unworthy1646

underly1648

turncoated1650

female1652

undergraduate1655

farandinical1675

baddishc1736

ungenerous1745

understrapping1762

tinnified1794

demi-semi1805

shabby1805

dicky1819

poor white1821

tin-pot1838

deterior1848

substandard1850

crumby1859

cheesy1863

po'1866

not-quite1867

rocky1873

mouldy1876

low-grade1878

sketchy1878

midget1879

junky1880

ullaged1892

abysmal1904

bodgie1905

junk1908

crap1936

ropy1941

bodger1945

two-star1951

tripey1955

manky1958

schlocky1960

cack1978

wank1991

bowf1994

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aiv In hym [man] shulde be no lasse prouidence of god declared, than in the inferiour creatures.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxli^v The chief of his nobilitie..beside merchauntes, and other inferior persones.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 38 The basest of their retinue, and the inferrior of their friends.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue A vj Revenues..brought in..by the labours of inferiour tenants.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 822 The people worship the Sunne..the Moone also..but in an inferiour degree.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. ii. 13 Inferiour courts are those whose sentences are subject to the review of the supreme courts.

1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 4 The Body, or as some love to call it, our inferior Nature.

1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Unseen Universe iv. §146. 150 To obtain at least an inferior limit to the density of the ether.

b. With to (†unto); = lower than, less than, not so good or great as; unequal to.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xiii. 2 Nether am I inferior vnto you.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. D.v^v A man farre inferior vnto them both in lerning, iugement, & vertew.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 20 The noyse not inferiour to a Cannon.

1706 Hist. Picts (ESTC T142053) Pref. It had been nothing inferiour to them in beauty and profit.

1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) Introd. 9 I feel myself inferiour to the task.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §48. 180 How inferior is it [the Koran] to any preceptive or prophetic portion of even the Hebrew Scriptures.

†c. With other constructions. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye (1823) 7 He was made inferiour vnder angels.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvij^v The Elephant is a beast..little inferiour from humaine sense.

a. In a positive or absolute sense (admitting comparison with more and most): Of low degree, rank, etc.; in modern use esp. in reference to quality: Of no great value or excellence; comparatively bad, poor, mean.In early instances, more inferior may be regarded simply as a double comparative = A.

ΚΠ

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aiij Begynnyng at the moste inferiour or base, and assendynge upwarde.

1699 S. Garth Dispensary ii. 17 I'le calmly stoop to more inferiour things.

1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 34 It [English Law] provides for the Security and Happiness of every Individual, tho' never so inferior.

a1745 J. Swift (Seager) The black A more inferiour station seeks, Leaving the fiery red behind.

1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. x. 265 The hand..did but its duty, and must have done the same thing..for the most inferior of his fellow-creatures.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 413 Richard Masters..was too inferior a man to deal properly with such an outbreak.

1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 14 The country with which he shows so inferior an acquaintance.

b. adverbially. In a lower position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > lower

netherOE

inferiorly1556

inferior1598

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 22/2 It is situated more inferior, wher all the fibers of the Scrotum doe end.

5. Astronomy.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

a. Applied to those planets (Venus and Mercury) whose orbits lie within that of the earth (originally, according to the Ptolemaic astronomy, as having their spheres below that of the sun).

Categories »

b. inferior conjunction: see conjunction n. 3.

c. inferior meridian: that part of the celestial meridian which lies below the pole; so inferior passage (of the meridian), etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > hour circle > meridian > inferior

inferior meridian1834

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words (at cited word) Inferiour Planets are those which are placed below the Globe of the Sun.

1786 J. Bonnycastle Introd. Astron. 26 The two first, because they move within the earth's orbit, are called inferior planets.

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy viii. 253 The inferior conjunction will happen when..the planet has reached a point between the sun and earth.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) xiii. 105 Once under the superior and once under the inferior meridian.

1854 H. Moseley Lect. Astron. (ed. 4) x. 47 Let the altitude of the star be observed..at the time of its inferior passage.

6. Botany. Growing below some other part or organ; said of the calyx when growing below or free from the (superior) ovary, and of the ovary when adherent to the sides of the (superior) calyx so as to be below the lobes of it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > (defined by) distribution, arrangement, or position > [adjective] > situated above or below

anterior1754

superior1763

subtending1777

inferior1785

1765 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) Gloss. Inferus flos, Flowers whose Receptacle are situated below the Germen.]

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. v. 55 The greater number of plants..have the germ inclosed within the flower; these are called inferior flowers, as inclosing or being below the germ.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. Introd. 25 The difference between a superior and inferior calyx consists only in the cohesion of that organ with the ovarium in the one case, and its separation from it in another.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §285 The Bacca, or true berry, differs from the nuculanium only in being inferior, so that it is crowned by the withered teeth of the calyx.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 416/2 An inferior ovary is one with adnate or superior calyx.

7. Anatomy and Zoology. Applied to parts or organs situated below others of the same kind (distinguished as superior), or below the usual or normal position.† inferior maxilla n. Obsolete the lower jaw or mandible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific

rightOE

lefta1200

lowera1400

furtherc1400

lateral?a1425

sinistera1500

upper1528

anterior?1541

inferior1563

superior1566

oblique1578

high1588

ascendant1611

prone1646

peripherial1653

internal1657

supine1661

peripherical1690

gawk1703

ascending1713

adducent1722

submental1722

adductory1752

subdorsal1783

syntropic18..

atlantal1803

mesiad1803

mesial1803

proximal1803

sternal1803

distal1808

peripheral1808

peripheric1818

ventripetal1819

submedial1825

anteriormostc1826

subvertebral1827

afferent1828

sinistral1828

rostral1834

interganglionic1835

submedian1836

mesian1837

haemal1839

supravaginal1844

neural1846

symmetrical1851

suprameatal1853

paraxial1861

posterial1866

hypaxial1873

postaxial1873

preaxial1873

transmedial1876

transmedian1876

mediad1878

horizontal1881

mesal1881

prosomatic1882

dextrad1883

paramedian1890

prorsal1890

ventro-dorsal1895

midsagittal1898

ventro-axial1902

ventro-posterior1903

ipsilateral1907

parasagittal1907

ventromedial1908

homolateral1910

suprasellar1912

supratemporal1975

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > jawbones > lower

jowlOE

chin-bonec1000

cheek boneOE

chaft-bonea1300

mandible?a1425

chawle-bone1430

jawbone1490

chaw-bone1546

choule1573

chap1575

mandibula1704

inferior maxilla1846

submaxilla1877

1563 [see sense A. 1a].

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 314 Eyes..Inferior..When they are placed on the lower side of the head.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 336 Wings..Inferior. The posterior wings are so denominated if the anterior wings, when at rest, are placed upon them.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 39 The Inferior Maxillary Bone.—The lower jaw is the arch of bone which contains the inferior teeth.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 349 The inferior Vena Cava is formed by the union of the two common iliac veins.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 115 The lower border of the inferior maxilla.

1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 392 The latter degenerate from the inferior cervical ganglion below upwards to the superior cervical ganglion above.

8. Printing. Applied to small letters or figures cast or made to range at the bottom of the ordinary letters, in a line of type, as in H₂, C_nH_2n–2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [adjective] > others

descending1676

superior1683

inferior1888

serifed1889

serif1904

in-line1923

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 64 Inferior Letters, small letters which are cast on the lower part of the body, e.g. _{a e i o u}—the reverse of ‘superior’ letters— ^{a e i o u}.

B. n.

1. A person inferior to another (in rank, or in some respect specified or implied); one who ranks below another; one of less consideration, attainments, etc.; a subordinate. (Commonly with possessive pronoun; cf. better n.¹ 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun]

lowerc1175

nethererc1443

inferior?1504

puny1579

under-being1587

puisne1592

subaltern1605

little sistera1634

undermatcha1661

wretch1688

sub-man1840

missing link1863

small-timer1910

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. xxiv. 217 He may nat very worthely exalte hym selfe aboue other ne vylypende his inferyoure or the poore.

?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Avi Superyours whiche haue power to make..lawes to the inferiours.

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 4 I have not shoun mi self so surli towards mi inferiors.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 524 The Governours have absolute rule over their inferiours.

1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. xiii. 344 Love towards Inferiors is Courtesy and Condescension.

1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) ix. 194 He finds out how much harder it is to be fair to an equal than ever so generous to an inferior.

2. A thing inferior to another; something of less amount, subordinate importance, etc.; †also formerly (in plural), things of this lower world, sublunary affairs or events (cf. inferial adj. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun]

poornessa1382

chaffc1386

cold roast?1406

arse-guta1413

short end1560

under-kind1571

inferior1589

canvas-back1605

underthing1620

under-sort1655

wasteling1750

slouch1767

shamea1771

neck beefa1777

rep1786

wastrel1790

wastera1800

shoddy1862

piece1884

tinhorn1887

robbo1897

cheapie1898

buckeye1906

reach-me-down1916

dog1917

stinkeroo1934

bodgie1964

cheapo1975

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs > worldly or secular

worldshipeOE

worldOE

worldlinessa1513

inferior1589

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xiv. 103 All aboue the number of three are but compounded of their inferiours.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iv. 230 And such is hee who doth affirme the Starres To haue no Force on these inferiours.

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick i. viii. 13 Whosoever is rightly seen in all these things, he will ascribe all these inferiours to the stars as their causes.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. viii. 247 The..Manor..had been the manorial inferior of the lords of Ashridge.

3. Printing. An inferior letter: see A. 8.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [noun] > below line

inferior1884

1884 J. Southward Pract. Printing (ed. 2) 17 The distinction between ordinary letters and superiors or inferiors is found in the unusually large white space at the top or bottom of them respectively.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	inferior
释义	inferioradj.n. Brit. /ɪnˈfɪərɪə/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɪriər/ Forms: Also 1500s -oure, 1500s–1700s -our. Etymology: < Latin inferiōr lower, comparative of inferus low. Compare French inférieur, 16th cent. in Littré (also rare inferiore, 15th cent.). (The 16–17th cent. spelling inferiour followed words from Anglo-Norman -our, French -eur.) Lower: opposed in all senses to superior, and often antithetical to it in designating pairs of things, as ‘superior and inferior courts of law’. A. adj. 1. a. Lower in position; situated below, or farther down than, something else; nether; subjacent. (Now chiefly in technical use; see also senses A. 3 – A. 8) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position netherOE nethermorea1382 downwarda1400 inferial?a1475 inferior?a1475 subject?a1475 lower1611 subordinate1648 female1652 lowermore1663 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 255 The inferior Germany, towarde the weste, is abowte the floode callede Renus. 1517 Domesday Inclos. I. 257 A messuage in Tynton inferior belongyng to John Richerdson. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. ii. ii. f. 13 The inferior ventricle receyuing the liuer, stomacke, splene, kidnyes. 1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. F1^v Here the swoln sea views the inferiour ground. a1769 W. Falconer Poet. Wks. (1798) 82 The soul..sails incumbent on inferior night. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 97 The heated elastic matter must remain longer in contact with the inferior than with the superior portion. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 297 The result would be the same if, the swiftness being equal, the inferior current had only a fourth of the volume of the superior. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. v. 576 The old Glacial drift..being observed in several places as an inferior deposit. b. Const. to (that which is higher). rare. ΚΠ ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. E iij ^v So that the vent or end..be inferior to the Fountaine whence it is deriued. 2. Lower in the stream of time; later. (Cf. descend v. 5, down adv. 18b.) ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later overeOE latterOE posterior1534 later1542 lateward1577 elder1597 inferior1641 ulterior1646 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 90 The Bishops of inferiour times. 1894 Daily News 20 Dec. 6/2 The year which has been chosen as the inferior limit. 3. a. Lower in degree, rank, importance, quality, amount, or other respect; of less value or consideration; lesser; subordinate. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] evil971 lowc1175 poor?c1225 feeblec1275 vilea1300 petty1372 unthende1377 secondary1386 petitc1390 unmeeta1393 illa1400 commonc1400 coarse1424 indigent1426 unlikelyc1450 lesser1464 gross1474 naughty1526 inferior1531 reprobate?1545 slender1577 unlikely1578 puny1579 under1580 wooden1592 sordid1596 puisne1598 provant1601 subministrant1604 inferious1607 sublunary1624 indifferent1638 undermatched1642 unworthy1646 underly1648 turncoated1650 female1652 undergraduate1655 farandinical1675 baddishc1736 ungenerous1745 understrapping1762 tinnified1794 demi-semi1805 shabby1805 dicky1819 poor white1821 tin-pot1838 deterior1848 substandard1850 crumby1859 cheesy1863 po'1866 not-quite1867 rocky1873 mouldy1876 low-grade1878 sketchy1878 midget1879 junky1880 ullaged1892 abysmal1904 bodgie1905 junk1908 crap1936 ropy1941 bodger1945 two-star1951 tripey1955 manky1958 schlocky1960 cack1978 wank1991 bowf1994 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aiv In hym [man] shulde be no lasse prouidence of god declared, than in the inferiour creatures. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxli^v The chief of his nobilitie..beside merchauntes, and other inferior persones. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 38 The basest of their retinue, and the inferrior of their friends. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue A vj Revenues..brought in..by the labours of inferiour tenants. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 822 The people worship the Sunne..the Moone also..but in an inferiour degree. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. ii. 13 Inferiour courts are those whose sentences are subject to the review of the supreme courts. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 4 The Body, or as some love to call it, our inferior Nature. 1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Unseen Universe iv. §146. 150 To obtain at least an inferior limit to the density of the ether. b. With to (†unto); = lower than, less than, not so good or great as; unequal to. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xiii. 2 Nether am I inferior vnto you. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. D.v^v A man farre inferior vnto them both in lerning, iugement, & vertew. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 20 The noyse not inferiour to a Cannon. 1706 Hist. Picts (ESTC T142053) Pref. It had been nothing inferiour to them in beauty and profit. 1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) Introd. 9 I feel myself inferiour to the task. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §48. 180 How inferior is it [the Koran] to any preceptive or prophetic portion of even the Hebrew Scriptures. †c. With other constructions. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye (1823) 7 He was made inferiour vnder angels. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvij^v The Elephant is a beast..little inferiour from humaine sense. 4. a. In a positive or absolute sense (admitting comparison with more and most): Of low degree, rank, etc.; in modern use esp. in reference to quality: Of no great value or excellence; comparatively bad, poor, mean.In early instances, more inferior may be regarded simply as a double comparative = A. ΚΠ 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aiij Begynnyng at the moste inferiour or base, and assendynge upwarde. 1699 S. Garth Dispensary ii. 17 I'le calmly stoop to more inferiour things. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 34 It [English Law] provides for the Security and Happiness of every Individual, tho' never so inferior. a1745 J. Swift (Seager) The black A more inferiour station seeks, Leaving the fiery red behind. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. x. 265 The hand..did but its duty, and must have done the same thing..for the most inferior of his fellow-creatures. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 413 Richard Masters..was too inferior a man to deal properly with such an outbreak. 1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 14 The country with which he shows so inferior an acquaintance. b. adverbially. In a lower position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > lower netherOE inferiorly1556 inferior1598 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 22/2 It is situated more inferior, wher all the fibers of the Scrotum doe end. 5. Astronomy. Thesaurus » Categories » a. Applied to those planets (Venus and Mercury) whose orbits lie within that of the earth (originally, according to the Ptolemaic astronomy, as having their spheres below that of the sun). Categories » b. inferior conjunction: see conjunction n. 3. c. inferior meridian: that part of the celestial meridian which lies below the pole; so inferior passage (of the meridian), etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > hour circle > meridian > inferior inferior meridian1834 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words (at cited word) Inferiour Planets are those which are placed below the Globe of the Sun. 1786 J. Bonnycastle Introd. Astron. 26 The two first, because they move within the earth's orbit, are called inferior planets. 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy viii. 253 The inferior conjunction will happen when..the planet has reached a point between the sun and earth. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) xiii. 105 Once under the superior and once under the inferior meridian. 1854 H. Moseley Lect. Astron. (ed. 4) x. 47 Let the altitude of the star be observed..at the time of its inferior passage. 6. Botany. Growing below some other part or organ; said of the calyx when growing below or free from the (superior) ovary, and of the ovary when adherent to the sides of the (superior) calyx so as to be below the lobes of it. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > (defined by) distribution, arrangement, or position > [adjective] > situated above or below anterior1754 superior1763 subtending1777 inferior1785 1765 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) Gloss. Inferus flos, Flowers whose Receptacle are situated below the Germen.] 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. v. 55 The greater number of plants..have the germ inclosed within the flower; these are called inferior flowers, as inclosing or being below the germ. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. Introd. 25 The difference between a superior and inferior calyx consists only in the cohesion of that organ with the ovarium in the one case, and its separation from it in another. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §285 The Bacca, or true berry, differs from the nuculanium only in being inferior, so that it is crowned by the withered teeth of the calyx. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 416/2 An inferior ovary is one with adnate or superior calyx. 7. Anatomy and Zoology. Applied to parts or organs situated below others of the same kind (distinguished as superior), or below the usual or normal position.† inferior maxilla n. Obsolete the lower jaw or mandible. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific rightOE lefta1200 lowera1400 furtherc1400 lateral?a1425 sinistera1500 upper1528 anterior?1541 inferior1563 superior1566 oblique1578 high1588 ascendant1611 prone1646 peripherial1653 internal1657 supine1661 peripherical1690 gawk1703 ascending1713 adducent1722 submental1722 adductory1752 subdorsal1783 syntropic18.. atlantal1803 mesiad1803 mesial1803 proximal1803 sternal1803 distal1808 peripheral1808 peripheric1818 ventripetal1819 submedial1825 anteriormostc1826 subvertebral1827 afferent1828 sinistral1828 rostral1834 interganglionic1835 submedian1836 mesian1837 haemal1839 supravaginal1844 neural1846 symmetrical1851 suprameatal1853 paraxial1861 posterial1866 hypaxial1873 postaxial1873 preaxial1873 transmedial1876 transmedian1876 mediad1878 horizontal1881 mesal1881 prosomatic1882 dextrad1883 paramedian1890 prorsal1890 ventro-dorsal1895 midsagittal1898 ventro-axial1902 ventro-posterior1903 ipsilateral1907 parasagittal1907 ventromedial1908 homolateral1910 suprasellar1912 supratemporal1975 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > jawbones > lower jowlOE chin-bonec1000 cheek boneOE chaft-bonea1300 mandible?a1425 chawle-bone1430 jawbone1490 chaw-bone1546 choule1573 chap1575 mandibula1704 inferior maxilla1846 submaxilla1877 1563 [see sense A. 1a]. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 314 Eyes..Inferior..When they are placed on the lower side of the head. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 336 Wings..Inferior. The posterior wings are so denominated if the anterior wings, when at rest, are placed upon them. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 39 The Inferior Maxillary Bone.—The lower jaw is the arch of bone which contains the inferior teeth. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 349 The inferior Vena Cava is formed by the union of the two common iliac veins. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 115 The lower border of the inferior maxilla. 1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 392 The latter degenerate from the inferior cervical ganglion below upwards to the superior cervical ganglion above. 8. Printing. Applied to small letters or figures cast or made to range at the bottom of the ordinary letters, in a line of type, as in H₂, C_nH_2n–2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [adjective] > others descending1676 superior1683 inferior1888 serifed1889 serif1904 in-line1923 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 64 Inferior Letters, small letters which are cast on the lower part of the body, e.g. _{a e i o u}—the reverse of ‘superior’ letters— ^{a e i o u}. B. n. 1. A person inferior to another (in rank, or in some respect specified or implied); one who ranks below another; one of less consideration, attainments, etc.; a subordinate. (Commonly with possessive pronoun; cf. better n.¹ 2.) ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] lowerc1175 nethererc1443 inferior?1504 puny1579 under-being1587 puisne1592 subaltern1605 little sistera1634 undermatcha1661 wretch1688 sub-man1840 missing link1863 small-timer1910 ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. xxiv. 217 He may nat very worthely exalte hym selfe aboue other ne vylypende his inferyoure or the poore. ?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Avi Superyours whiche haue power to make..lawes to the inferiours. 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 4 I have not shoun mi self so surli towards mi inferiors. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 524 The Governours have absolute rule over their inferiours. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. xiii. 344 Love towards Inferiors is Courtesy and Condescension. 1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) ix. 194 He finds out how much harder it is to be fair to an equal than ever so generous to an inferior. 2. A thing inferior to another; something of less amount, subordinate importance, etc.; †also formerly (in plural), things of this lower world, sublunary affairs or events (cf. inferial adj. 1). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] poornessa1382 chaffc1386 cold roast?1406 arse-guta1413 short end1560 under-kind1571 inferior1589 canvas-back1605 underthing1620 under-sort1655 wasteling1750 slouch1767 shamea1771 neck beefa1777 rep1786 wastrel1790 wastera1800 shoddy1862 piece1884 tinhorn1887 robbo1897 cheapie1898 buckeye1906 reach-me-down1916 dog1917 stinkeroo1934 bodgie1964 cheapo1975 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs > worldly or secular worldshipeOE worldOE worldlinessa1513 inferior1589 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xiv. 103 All aboue the number of three are but compounded of their inferiours. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iv. 230 And such is hee who doth affirme the Starres To haue no Force on these inferiours. 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick i. viii. 13 Whosoever is rightly seen in all these things, he will ascribe all these inferiours to the stars as their causes. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. viii. 247 The..Manor..had been the manorial inferior of the lords of Ashridge. 3. Printing. An inferior letter: see A. 8. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [noun] > below line inferior1884 1884 J. Southward Pract. Printing (ed. 2) 17 The distinction between ordinary letters and superiors or inferiors is found in the unusually large white space at the top or bottom of them respectively. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1475
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