† infestadj.

Etymology: < Latin infestus unsafe, hostile. But in sense 2 perhaps short for infested adj.² at infest v.² Derivatives.

Obsolete.

1. Hostile. Const. to, against, towards.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. iii. 51 Drances, that had full gret envy At ȝyng Turnus, all way to him infest.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlvij Now approched the fortunate faire daie to the Englishemen and the infest and vnlucky daie to the French nobilitee.

1612 T. James Iesuits Downefall 30 The Iesuits proued no lesse infest foes against the late Princesse.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 23 Two great and signall Historians give in evidence against him, how infest an enemy he was to Christians.

2. Molested, attacked. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > attacked

assaulted1601

infest1601

beleaguered1644

aggressed1795

bestormed1837

embattled1961

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 115 While time passeth, the neighbouring nations prouide (if not infest) for their owne safetie.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

infestv.²

Brit.

/ɪnˈfɛst/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈfɛst/

Etymology: < French infester (1390 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), or < Latin infestāre to assail, molest, < infestus unsafe, hostile.

1. transitive. To attack, assail, annoy, or trouble (a person or thing) in a persistent manner; to molest by repeated attacks; to harass.

a. Said of persons, animals, hurtful things. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) ii. 130 I sal never infest nor trubil you ony forthir with sic desiris.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxviii Outward enemitie or foreyn hostilitie not halfe so muche infested, greued or troubled the valiaunt Brittons as their owne.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 261/1 Hadrianus..sought all maner of waies to infest the Emperour.

1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 38 The Divell now infesting them, if they grow slacke to infest others.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 73 They would not have endured..the Rain, and the Wind to infest them.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 70/1 Deep roads..unsafe upon account of the ground which lies above them, from whence any enemy may be prodigiously infested.

1838 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Monthly Repository Apr. 228/1 I am infested and persecuted and worried to death by duns.

1851 J. M. Neale Mediæval Hymns 108 Cold and sorrow Him infest.

†b. Said of diseases, perverse opinions, errors, etc.; (sometimes confused with infect v. 4). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack

ofseche?c1225

takec1300

smitea1325

strike1530

infest1542

assault1594

attack1665

grip1818

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxxii. sig. M.ii^v The sycknes wyll infeste [v.r. infecte] them more there, than in any other place.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. K7^v That mightie rage, Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doest infest, And hartes of great Heroës doest enrage.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 189 Their children are more rarely infested with this infirmity.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 371 There is no disease which infests Mankind more terrible in its Symptoms and Effects.

1752 H. Fielding Covent-Garden Jrnl. 30 July 1/2 That Complication of political Diseases which infests this Nation.

2. To trouble (a country or place) with hostile attacks; to visit persistently or in large numbers for purposes of destruction or plunder; to haunt with evil intent, so as to render unsafe or unpleasant; to swarm in or about, so as to be troublesome. Said of persons (e.g. robbers, pirates), animals (e.g. wolves, vermin, insects), diseases or other evils.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > haunt with hostile intent

infest1602

beride1848

society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > infest

infest1602

1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 368 England..dilacerate and infested aswell by the Saxons themselues as by the Danes.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 610 The Turkish Pyrats, which..infested al those Seas.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 38 The plague for the most part miserably infesteth this City.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum To Rdr. Popery is the grand evill that doth infest the Church.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 133 Wasps infest the Camp with loud Alarms.

1718 W. Nicolson in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 318 A country said to be much infested with a set of barbarous and pilfering Tories.

1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. xiii. 98 Some [weeds]..infest the land that is in tillage, and others the land that is in grass.

1796 W. Scott Chase note An aerial hunter, who infested the forest of Fountainebleau.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 207 Over lands covered with glaciers, or over seas infested with icebergs.

Derivatives

inˈfested adj.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > infestation by noxious creatures > [adjective]

verminous1641

haunted1822

vermined1852

verminy1859

infested1893

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > haunting with hostile intent > suffering

infested1893

1893 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 4 821 Infested barley heads present a very characteristic appearance.

inˈfesting n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > haunting with hostile intent

infestance1490

infestationc1540

infesting1676

infestment1819

society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > [noun] > persistent harrying or infestation

infestance1490

infestationc1540

infesting1676

infestment1819

attrition1890

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > haunting with hostile intent

infestive1570

infestant1659

infesting1881

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [adjective] > harassing

griefa1300

grievous13..

travailinga1450

importunatea1500

unportunatea1533

importunable1566

infestive1570

infestuous1593

plaguey1595

infestious1597

importunous1598

obsidious1615

vexatious?1626

pestifying1716

harassing1833

obsidional1879

infesting1881

obseding1885

1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 39 This way of infesting of Ships is ordinary among them.

1881 Daily News 14 Sept. 3/1 A clearance of infesting borders, hedges, and poor timber is wanted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	infest
释义	† infestn. Origin: Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin infestus. Etymology: Perhaps < classical Latin infestus infest adj., although this presents semantic difficulties.For classical Latin inferiae, which the word translates in quot. 1567, see inferial adj.. Obsolete. Used (in plural) by Turberville to render Latin inferiæ, funeral offerings or expiations. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral offerings obit1500 infest1567 paper money1704 hell money1940 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 73 O wronged Syre reioyce: ye men of Colche Be glad: and of my Brothers ghost receiue Th' infests [L. inferias]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † infestadj. Etymology: < Latin infestus unsafe, hostile. But in sense 2 perhaps short for infested adj.² at infest v.² Derivatives. Obsolete. 1. Hostile. Const. to, against, towards. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. iii. 51 Drances, that had full gret envy At ȝyng Turnus, all way to him infest. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlvij Now approched the fortunate faire daie to the Englishemen and the infest and vnlucky daie to the French nobilitee. 1612 T. James Iesuits Downefall 30 The Iesuits proued no lesse infest foes against the late Princesse. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 23 Two great and signall Historians give in evidence against him, how infest an enemy he was to Christians. 2. Molested, attacked. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > attacked assaulted1601 infest1601 beleaguered1644 aggressed1795 bestormed1837 embattled1961 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 115 While time passeth, the neighbouring nations prouide (if not infest) for their owne safetie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † infestv.¹ Etymology: < in- prefix¹ + fest, fast v.¹, after Latin infigĕre. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To fasten or fix in something. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > make fast [verb (transitive)] > fasten or fix > in something infesta1340 gage1680 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxviii. 18 Out take me of þe lare þat i be not infestid [L. ne infigar]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). infestv.² Brit. /ɪnˈfɛst/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɛst/ Etymology: < French infester (1390 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), or < Latin infestāre to assail, molest, < infestus unsafe, hostile. 1. transitive. To attack, assail, annoy, or trouble (a person or thing) in a persistent manner; to molest by repeated attacks; to harass. a. Said of persons, animals, hurtful things. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) ii. 130 I sal never infest nor trubil you ony forthir with sic desiris. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxviii Outward enemitie or foreyn hostilitie not halfe so muche infested, greued or troubled the valiaunt Brittons as their owne. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 261/1 Hadrianus..sought all maner of waies to infest the Emperour. 1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 38 The Divell now infesting them, if they grow slacke to infest others. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 73 They would not have endured..the Rain, and the Wind to infest them. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 70/1 Deep roads..unsafe upon account of the ground which lies above them, from whence any enemy may be prodigiously infested. 1838 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Monthly Repository Apr. 228/1 I am infested and persecuted and worried to death by duns. 1851 J. M. Neale Mediæval Hymns 108 Cold and sorrow Him infest. †b. Said of diseases, perverse opinions, errors, etc.; (sometimes confused with infect v. 4). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack ofseche?c1225 takec1300 smitea1325 strike1530 infest1542 assault1594 attack1665 grip1818 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxxii. sig. M.ii^v The sycknes wyll infeste [v.r. infecte] them more there, than in any other place. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. K7^v That mightie rage, Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doest infest, And hartes of great Heroës doest enrage. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 189 Their children are more rarely infested with this infirmity. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 371 There is no disease which infests Mankind more terrible in its Symptoms and Effects. 1752 H. Fielding Covent-Garden Jrnl. 30 July 1/2 That Complication of political Diseases which infests this Nation. 2. To trouble (a country or place) with hostile attacks; to visit persistently or in large numbers for purposes of destruction or plunder; to haunt with evil intent, so as to render unsafe or unpleasant; to swarm in or about, so as to be troublesome. Said of persons (e.g. robbers, pirates), animals (e.g. wolves, vermin, insects), diseases or other evils. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > haunt with hostile intent infest1602 beride1848 society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > infest infest1602 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 368 England..dilacerate and infested aswell by the Saxons themselues as by the Danes. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 610 The Turkish Pyrats, which..infested al those Seas. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 38 The plague for the most part miserably infesteth this City. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum To Rdr. Popery is the grand evill that doth infest the Church. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 133 Wasps infest the Camp with loud Alarms. View more context for this quotation 1718 W. Nicolson in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 318 A country said to be much infested with a set of barbarous and pilfering Tories. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. xiii. 98 Some [weeds]..infest the land that is in tillage, and others the land that is in grass. 1796 W. Scott Chase note An aerial hunter, who infested the forest of Fountainebleau. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 207 Over lands covered with glaciers, or over seas infested with icebergs. Derivatives inˈfested adj.² ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > infestation by noxious creatures > [adjective] verminous1641 haunted1822 vermined1852 verminy1859 infested1893 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > haunting with hostile intent > suffering infested1893 1893 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 4 821 Infested barley heads present a very characteristic appearance. inˈfesting n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > haunting with hostile intent infestance1490 infestationc1540 infesting1676 infestment1819 society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > [noun] > persistent harrying or infestation infestance1490 infestationc1540 infesting1676 infestment1819 attrition1890 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [adjective] > haunting with hostile intent infestive1570 infestant1659 infesting1881 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [adjective] > harassing griefa1300 grievous13.. travailinga1450 importunatea1500 unportunatea1533 importunable1566 infestive1570 infestuous1593 plaguey1595 infestious1597 importunous1598 obsidious1615 vexatious?1626 pestifying1716 harassing1833 obsidional1879 infesting1881 obseding1885 1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 39 This way of infesting of Ships is ordinary among them. 1881 Daily News 14 Sept. 3/1 A clearance of infesting borders, hedges, and poor timber is wanted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1567adj.1513v.¹a1340v.²1533
随便看	aucupable aucupate aucupation audacious audaciously audaciousness audaciousnesses audacities audacity audaculous audax audenesque audi audibilities audibility audible audibled audibleness audiblenesses audibler audibles audiblest audiblier audibliest audibling

† infestn.

† infestadj.

† infestv.1

infestv.2

Derivatives

† infestv.¹

infestv.²