单词 | intake |
释义 | intaken. Originally Scottish and northern dialect. 1. a. The act of taking in or receiving from outside; that which is taken in, an amount or quantity received internally. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > taking in taking in1456 reception?a1475 introreceptiona1660 intake1808 intaking1905 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake, the bringing in of the crop. 1854 H. Keddie Phemie Millar 161 With her..downright intake in the shape of meat and drink. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Strange Case Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde ii. 22 Mr. Hyde shrank back with a hissing intake of the breath. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 143 Both the oxygen intake and the output of carbon dioxide in normal and fevered animals were compared. 1940 Economist 9 Nov. 590/1 Thanks to the heavy intake of raw wool this year..it has been possible to meet military and almost all export requirements without stinting the home consumer. 1955 Times 10 May 18/3 The intake of orders for the first four months is higher than ever before. 1971 Nature 2 July 63/3 Thus there is the intake and evaluation in one computerized centre of duplicate magnetic tapes from many sources. b. (One of) a group of entrants to the army, a school, a trade, etc. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner younglingOE new-comeOE novice1340 ginner?c1400 beginner1470 apprentice1489 prentice1489 infant1526 freshmana1557 intrant1560 enterer1565 puny?1570 weakling1575 new comeling1587 novist1587 incipient1589 puisne1592 abecedary1596 neophyte1600 abecedarian1603 bachelor1604 novelist?1608 alphabetary1611 breeching boy1611 tiro1611 alphabetarian1614 principiant1619 unexperienced1622 velvet head1631 undergraduatea1659 young stager1664 greenhorn1672 battledore boy1693 youngster1706 tironist1716 novitiatea1734 recruit1749 griffin1793 initiate1811 Johnny Newcome1815 Johnny Raw1823 griff1829 plebe1833 Johnny-come-lately1839 new chum1851 blanc-bec1853 fledgling1856 rookie1868 elementarian1876 tenderfoot1881 shorthorn1888 new kid1894 cheechako1897 ring-neck1898 Johnny1901 rook1902 fresh meat1908 malihini1914 initiand1915 stooge1930 intakea1943 cub1966 a1943 B. Webb Our Partnership (1948) ii. 79 It was.. among educational ladders..the most elaborate in its organisation of ‘intakes’ and promotions. 1943 Times 10 Dec. 2/1 That is evident from the moment when new intakes arrive and at once are interviewed by the..commanding officer. 1946 News Chron. 8 Aug. 1/4 It is understood that they will be part of the new intake of the U.S. Army. 1958 Technology May 66/2 The intake pattern can be worked out for transfer at appropriate stages. 1970 Nature 28 Nov. 798/1 The school should be functioning by 1975, with an intake of 100 students. 2. (Chiefly northern dialect) A piece of land taken in from a moorland, common, etc.; an enclosure. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > enclosed land or field tye832 hopea1000 fieldOE field landOE glebe1387 parka1393 closec1440 outset1506 intake1523 rout1598 fielden1610 town park1701 paddock1808 savannah1882 c1330 Selby Cartul. II. 14 Ibidem est quoddam yntauk de feodo prædicto quod vocatur le Munkebank.] 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng viii. f. 8v The lordes..haue gyuen lycence to dyuers of their tenauntes..to take in newe intackes or closes out of the commens. 1536 in J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. (1611) ix. xxi. 775/2 That all Intacks, Inclosys syth Anno quarto Henrici septimi be pullyd downe. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 30 Wee..keepe them [sc. sheep] togeather in some well fenced place, as..the newe intacke in the towne becke. 1793 W. Wordsworth Evening Walk 49 When horses in the sunburnt intake stood. 1862 Life amongst Colliers 8 A nice garden..led to a ha-ha dividing it from a large pasture, known as the Intack. 3. The place where water is taken into a channel or pipe from a river or other body of water, to drive a mill, or supply a canal, waterworks, etc. Also attributive, as intake crib, intake tunnel, intake well. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > place where water taken into intake?a1800 ?a1800 State, Leslie of Powis 157 (Jam.) The water for driving the machinery of said new work is taken from the river above..the cruive-dike..the intake of this water is within the bounds of the cruive-fishing property. 1804 W. Tarras Poems 40 (Jam.) Water-wraiths at in-tack drear. 1866 Times 8 Aug. 9/5 The first improvement was effected by carrying its intake up the river to Lea bridge. 1887 Spectator 9 July 921/1 Riparian towns above the intake of the Water Companies. 1892 Chicago Advance 28 Jan. An ice blockade at the port-holes had prevented the passage of the water into the intakes. 1909 Daily Chron. 21 Jan. 1/7 A fire which occurred at the construction works of a waterworks intake crib on Lake Michigan. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 21 Jan. This new intake tunnel was thrust further out into the lake. 1964 R. Perry World of Tiger xi. 160 A tiger had attacked a tapir at a reservoir near Kuala Lumpur, and..both had fallen into the dry ‘intake’ well. 4. a. Mining. The airway by which a current of air is introduced into a mine. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings througher1645 thirling1686 air-pit1709 horse-head1747 sollar1778 airway1800 wind-hole1802 bearing door1813 air course1814 downcast shaft1814 upcast shaft (or pit)1816 buze1823 air road1832 raggling1839 thirl1847 brattice1849 intake1849 run1849 trapdoor1849 skailing1850 return1851 wind-road1860 breakthrough1875 wind-way1875 breast1882 cross-heading1883 skail-door1883 U.C.1883 undercast1883 vent1886 furnace-drift1892 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 32 Intake, the airway along which the fresh air is conducted into a place, district, or mine. 1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 219 The ‘returns’ are generally made to mount over the intake drifts. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 147 s.v. Downcast..is more appropriate for a shaft; Intake for an adit. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug. 7/1 He did not see how it was possible for fire-damp to have accumulated in the main intake air roads. b. Short for air intake n. at air n.1 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > [noun] > air intake intake1946 air intake1958 1946 Flight 1 Aug. 115/2 (caption) A Heinkel single-jet proposal with the intake between two nacelles. 1959 Listener 30 July 164/1 He dealt with the ice that started forming on the engine intakes of the Vickers Vimy machine. 5. A narrowing or abrupt contraction made in the width of a tube, a stocking, etc.; the point at which this is made. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > lack of breadth or narrowness > [noun] > a narrow part narrowc1230 narrowingc1454 small?a1500 intake1808 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake..2. A contraction, in sewing. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 14 The monument..after a series of intakes, is formed into a clustered column. 1880 L. S. Floyer Plain Hints Examiners Needlework 29 One-third of the foot is the length of the ankle, from the last intake or decreasing. 6. Scottish. A ‘take in’, an imposition. Also, one who ‘takes in’, a cheat. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > one who deceives swikec1000 wielerOE adderOE knavec1275 treacherc1290 guiler1303 gabbera1325 tricharda1327 faitoura1340 jugglera1340 beswiker1340 wernard1362 knackerc1380 beguilera1382 deceiver1382 illusor1382 deceivant1393 fob1393 falsea1400 mocker?c1450 feature14.. deceptor1484 seductor1490 bullera1500 troker?a1500 craftera1529 circumventorc1540 bobber1542 cloyner?1550 illuder?1550 tricker1550 double-dealer1567 treacherer1571 falsary1573 abuser1579 falser1579 treachetour1590 deluder1592 ignis fatuus1592 foolmonger1593 prestigiator1595 aguiler1598 baffler1606 cog-foist1606 feaguer1610 guile-man1614 hocus-pocus1624 colt1632 hoodwink1638 blindfoldera1649 napper1653 cheat1664 fooler1677 underdealer1682 circumvenerc1686 chincher1688 dodger1698 nickum1699 sheep-shearer1699 trickster1711 bilker1717 trickologist1723 taker-in1776 bilk1790 duper1792 Yorkshire bite1801 intake1808 gammoner1819 doer1840 delusionist1841 fiddler1857 snide1874 hoodwinker1884 tanger1886 take-down1888 tiddlywinker1893 wangler1912 frost1914 twicer1924 lurkman1945 jive-ass1964 skanker1973 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > instance of braida1000 fraudc1374 mock1523 brogue1537 flim-flamc1538 imposture1548 lie1560 cozening1576 smoke-hole1580 gullery1598 gull1600 cog1602 coggery1602 fraudulency1630 imposition1632 cheat1649 fourbery1650 prestige1656 sham1677 crimp1684 bite1711 humbug1750 swindle1778 hookum-snivey1781 shim-sham1797 gag1805 intake1808 racket1819 wooden nutmeg1822 sell1838 caper1851 skin game1879 Kaffir bargain1899 swizzle1913 swizz1915 put-on1919 ready-up1924 rort1926 jack-up1945 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake,..4. A fraud, a swindling trick. 5. A swindler. 18.. Edinburgh II. 118 (Jam.) Some even made so bold as to call him an in-tak and an adventurer. 1832 Fraser's Mag. 5 2 What was the lottery but an intake? 1860 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 281 The counterpart is a terrible truth—it is more cursed to be an intake than to be taken in. 7. attributive and in other combinations (see also 3, 4 above). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [adjective] > relating to initionary1865 intake1921 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §449 Intake man, grain intake man (grain milling); at a signal from men on ship, barge, etc., alongside wharf that suction pipe is inserted in grain, starts air pump, which draws up grain through pipe by suction. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 451/2 Intake belt course, a projecting course of stone or bricks, serving as an intake at a place where the thickness of a wall is diminished. 1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 15 Intake report, analysis summarizing the content of broadcasts directed to listeners in a particular country, in its own language, from a selected number of stations. 1957 Times 2 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. vi/2 A typical old barn now houses the grain intake pit, cleaner, pre-dry bin, continuous dryer, and sectional storage bins. 1958 U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1957 760/2 Intake rate, the rate, usually expressed in inches per hour, at which rain or irrigation water enters the soil. 1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze v. 127 Those ports on the West Coast which had become intake valves for our life's blood from across the Atlantic. 1966 D. Holbrook Flesh Wounds 95 The intake chimneys and sealing tapes round the guns were blown away by lashings of an explosive cable called Cordtex. 1972 Classif. of Occup. (Dept. Employment) III. 478/1 Intakeman (grain, sugar and similar materials). Checks supplies of grain, sugar and similar materials into storage silos, transfers materials to processing departments and maintains stock records. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † intakev. Scottish. Obsolete. transitive. a. To take or gather in. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take in intake1572 1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxiii. 271 Ryue out the Mures; the bestialls gers intak. b. To take by force of arms, capture. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > capture or acquire by conquest i-wina1000 wina1122 fang?c1200 catchc1275 conquer1297 geta1400 stealc1400 conquer1475 conquest1485 conques1488 evict1560 carry1579 intake1646 constrain1700 capture1796 1646 W. Baillie in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) II. 417 Haveing..no artillerie at all fitt for intakeing any strong house. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1523v.1572 |
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