单词 | intonation |
释义 | intonationn.1 1. In Church Music. The opening phrase of a plain-song melody, preceding the Reciting-note, and usually sung either by the priest alone, or by one or a few of the choristers; the recitation of this. In quot. 1620 figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant pneumaa1398 neume1440 intonation1620 antiphony1753 mediation1776 neuma1776 antiphon1778 recitation note1844 initial1880 punctum1882 mediant1930 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent vii. 819 It was replied that he might haue suffered others to make the intonation, and not to haue beene the authour himselfe of that preiudice. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Intonation, the giving the Tune or Key by the Chanter to the rest of the Quire. 1852 W. F. Hook Church Dict. (1871) 399 Intonation is, properly speaking, the recitation by the chanter..of the commencing words of the psalm or hymn, before the choir begins. 1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 12 Some of the most important Intonations in general use are those proper to the Gregorian Tones. 1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 12 Handel, in ‘The Lord gave the word’, from ‘The Messiah’, uses the Intonation of the First Tone, transposed a fourth higher, with wonderful effect. 2. The action of intoning, or reciting in a singing voice: esp. the musical recitation of psalms, prayers, etc. in a liturgy, usually in monotone. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > chanting chantingc1400 intonation1788 entonement1849 intonement1849 intoning1863 monotoning1878 intone1886 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall xlviii The conspirators..expected, as the signal of murder, the intonation of the first psalm by the emperor himself. 1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music ii. 90 These were all sung not merely in simple intonation or chaunt, but in this mode of figurate discant. 1796 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. III 39 Her bolder notes the willing Muse should swell In lyrick intonation, grave and deep. 1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 68 The recitation and intonation of hymns of praise from the Veda. 3. The utterance or production (by the voice, or an instrument, etc.) of musical tones: in reference to manner or style, esp. to exactitude of pitch or relation to the key or harmony. fixed intonation, that of instruments, such as keyboard instruments, in which the pitch of each note is fixed, not variable at the will of the performer. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [noun] temperure1390 modulation1543 tuning1554 temperature1592 temperament1728 intonation1776 just intonation1850 tuning1902 tune-up1977 1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. Pref. p. xiv The Organ..has it no imperfections? Yes. It wants expression, and a more perfect intonation. 1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 104 She has a beautiful voice—neither strong nor weak, but very pure and good in the intonation. 1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. xiv. 294 A most extraordinary soprano..and true to the least shade in intonation. 1878 Grove's Dict. Music I. 459 On instruments of fixed intonation C × = D ♮ [etc.]. 4. Manner of utterance of the tones of the voice in speaking; modulation of the voice; accent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation bowing1561 cant1663 cadence1709 flexion1758 chant1766 tune1783 intonation1791 1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 201 The people of Inverness..are not only free from that unfortunate intonation of Aberdeenshire..but speak the English language with greater purity than they do in any other part in Scotland. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. ii. 29 There was a marked distinction in the intonation, the accent, the modulation of voice. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule i. 12 That peculiar and pleasant intonation that marks the speech of the Hebridean who has been taught English in the schools. 1935 M. Schubiger Role of Intonation 2 Word-order can remain unaltered, and then the different intonation, the rising instead of the falling tune, is the sole bearer of the interrogative relation. 1965 W. S. Allen Vox Latina 6 It is important to distinguish tone from intonation. The former refers to the pitch-patterns operative within individual words, whereas ‘intonation’ refers to the pitch-pattern operative over the whole clause or sentence. Compounds C1. General attributive. intonation change n. ΚΠ 1964 C. Barber Ling. Change Present-day Eng. iii. 50 There are intonation-changes inside the syllable which require a certain length of vowel to manifest themselves. intonation morpheme n. ΚΠ 1953 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 19 ii. Suppl. 29 Hjelmslev requested a metalinguistic analysis of the English intonation morphemes which Smith had demonstrated earlier so as to make clear the difference between differential meaning and the meaning in general of the intonation patterns. C2. intonation contour n. a succession of levels of pitch extending over an utterance. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of pitch curve1902 tune1929 intonation tune1934 intonation curve1936 pitch contour1944 intonation contour1945 intonation pattern1966 1945 K. L. Pike Intonation Amer. Eng. iii. 20 All speakers of the language use basic pitch sequences in similar ways under similar circumstances. These abstracted characteristic sentence melodies may be called Intonation Contours. 1960 Language & Speech III. 223 (heading) Attitudinal meanings conveyed by intonation contours. 1964 R. A. Hall Introd. Ling. xix. 114 An intonation contour does not..make any difference in the ‘dictionary meaning’ of an utterance. 1970 Language 46 265 Its ultimate speech correlates appear in the shape of the tense-carrying morphemes, the word order, and the intonation contour. intonation curve n. the rising and falling of pitch within an utterance. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of pitch curve1902 tune1929 intonation tune1934 intonation curve1936 pitch contour1944 intonation contour1945 intonation pattern1966 1936 H. Mulder Cognition & Volition in Lang. ii. 65 Wishes, commands, and questions introduced by interrogative pronouns, can be communicated on the same intonation-curve as plain statements. 1965 Language 41 498 In refusing to consider intonation-curves as subject to division into significant units, Martinet alleges that every modification..of a melodic curve brings with it a corresponding modification of meaning. intonation pattern n. a pattern of variations in pitch. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of pitch curve1902 tune1929 intonation tune1934 intonation curve1936 pitch contour1944 intonation contour1945 intonation pattern1966 1966 G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising ii. 18 The relationship of apposition between elements is marked in speech by tone-concord, or equivalent intonation patterns on each element. 1971 D. Crystal Linguistics Interlude 134 A noun phrase may not have any separate intonation pattern at all. intonation phoneme n. = intoneme n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of > that contributes to meaning toneme1923 intonation phoneme1948 intoneme1948 1948 K. L. Pike Tone Lang. v. 60 One may choose to call the key pitches intonation phonemes or intonemes. intonation tune n. (see quot. 1964). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of pitch curve1902 tune1929 intonation tune1934 intonation curve1936 pitch contour1944 intonation contour1945 intonation pattern1966 1934 J. J. Hogan Outl. Eng. Philol. i. v. 31 Its [sc. a verse's] accompanying intonation-tune suffers modification by the regular tune which is what the line always retains of its character as a sentence or clause. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iv. 148 Intonations or intonation tunes, as they are often called, are regular sequences of pitch differences coextensive with a whole sentence or with successive parts thereof, and constituting an essential feature of normal spoken utterance. intonation turn n. the point, usually at a prominent part of an utterance, at which the intonation rises or falls. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pitch > turn intonation turn1935 1935 M. Schubiger Role of Intonation 9 If the psychological predicate consists of several words the most important gets the intonation turn. Derivatives intoˈnational adj. relating to intonation. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > intonation tonic1849 intoned1854 tonal1866 intonational1895 tonetic1922 1895 J. Osgood in Forum June 503 The misused intonational ‘twist’, technically noted as the circumflex inflection. 1952 Trans. Philol. Soc. 91 Differences of intonational relationship between stem and ending. 1958 C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Linguistics 45 Certain types of speech..show..a total loss of intonational contrasts. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iv. 149 In English..stressed syllables carry more intonational weight than unstressed syllables. 1971 D. Crystal Linguistics 133 The intonational movement over the noun phrase as a whole must be indicated. intoˈnationally adv. in an intonational manner. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adverb] > intonation intonationally1923 tonetically1934 1923 W. Thomson Rhythm of Speech xii. 503 There is a pattern for which the student should always be on the outlook, and the repetition of which in a line he should bring out clearly with his voice, both accentually and intonationally. 1949 E. A. Nida Morphol. (ed. 2) iii. 62 In English the sentence-final glides which follow the last intonationally stressed syllable constitute morphemes. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 112 The different ways in which pitch differences are exploited intonationally and tonally. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). intonationn.2 rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. A thundering; a roaring or rumbling as of thunder. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > roaring or bellowing > [noun] reirdc1330 bellowing1393 roaringa1398 routinga1425 whurling1495 rummishing?a1500 roara1522 boation1646 intonation1658 fremitus1820 bellow1827 fremescence1837 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Intonation, a thundering or making a terrible noise. 1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. 1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Term applied to the gurgling noise produced by the movement of flatus in the bowels: intonation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.11620n.21658 |
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