inductionn.

?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. B.ii^v Comparynge that lyfe for the beste Enduccyon to our endles reste.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie liv. 12 Enter the path..One depe enduction wherto..Is to flee rash deedes rashlie done.

1631 G. Chapman Warres of Pompey & Caesar in Plays (1873) III. 149 This prepares a good induction to the change of fortune.

1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III 118 (T.) An induction to those succeeding evils which pursued that inconsiderate marriage.

1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. iii. 28 An old-fashioned Inn... This..was not in the Parson's opinion a pleasing induction to the lych-gate.

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iii. ii. f. clix^v In the .xi. leafe he hath an other argument, towarde whiche he maketh a blynde induccyon byfore.

1559 T. Sackville (title) The Induction to Mirrour for Magistrates.

1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater Prol. sig. A2 Inductions are out of date, and a Prologue in Verse is as stale, as a blacke veluet Cloake.

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 15 That which hee takes for the second Argument..,is no argument, but an induction to those that follow.

1875 A. W. Ward Hist. Eng. Dramatic Lit. I. Introd. 11 In the form of a Prologue or..by means of a separate Induction, or even by an inductive Dumb-show.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 32 Plots haue I laid inductions[printed inductious] dangerous,..To set my brother Clarence and the King In deadly hate the one against the other. View more context for this quotation

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 2 These promises are faire, the parties sure, And our induction ful of prosperous hope. View more context for this quotation

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 281 [In a centaur] the horse..turneth from the one into the other as by a quiet and insensible induction.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 92 Here they set downe certaine obseruations, which they termed Inductions..euerie proportion whole, is called the Induction to that which it maketh being broken. As tripla being broken in the more prolation will make Nonupla, and so is tripla the Induction to nonupla.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 248 For institucion and induccion he schal ȝeue moche of þis god þat is pore mennus to bischopis officers, archdekenes & officialis.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L6 At the time of their initiation, institution, induction, and admission.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 21 in Justice Vindicated The division of all parishes..the right of institution and induction..were all originally of the King's foundation and donation.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xi. 307 The method of becoming a parson or vicar is much the same. To both there are four requisites necessary: holy orders; presentation; institution; and induction.

1875 W. E. Gladstone in Church Q. Rev. Oct. 24 He had, indeed, received a formal induction..from the arch priest of Cavriana.

1871 H. Moncrieff Pract. Free Ch. Scotl. (1877) 269 The Presbytery resolved to loose him from his present charge and translate him to—,..and they request that Reverend Court to give them notice of his Induction when it takes place.

1871 H. Moncrieff Pract. Free Ch. Scotl. (1877) 270 Edict previous to Ordination or Induction.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 237 We send oure special legates to trete..of þe restitucion and þe real induccioun of þe duchy of Gian.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Induction is applied to the introduction of officers only when certain oaths are to be administered or other formalitites are to be observed, which are intended to confer authority or give dignity to the office. In the United States it is applied to the formal introduction of civil officers, and the higher officers of colleges.

1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1940 Congress. Rec. 6 Sept. 11676/1 Any person..shall be afforded an opportunity to volunteer for induction.

1951 N.Y. Herald-Tribune 26 Dec. 11/3 You label this procedure of impressing R.O.K. Army members into your army as voluntary induction... It is nothing more than forced induction, impressment.

1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. ii. 7/7 Clay has been ordered to appear for induction in the Army on April 11.

1973 C. Himes Black on Black 209 Here is your induction papers... I hope the army likes you bettern I does.

1973 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Oct. 1269/1 One summer the dreaded Induction Notice comes and he goes to war.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 111 We mighte heape many men together, and prove by large rehersall, any thyng that we would, the whiche of the logicians is called induction.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage Ep. Ded. ⁋iii Others may hence learne by that most laborious, though not most learned Argument of Induction, two lessons fitting these times.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 61 Induction is every method by reason, which proceedeth either from like to like, or from Singulars to Universalls.

1734 G. Berkeley Analyst §19 You must take up with Induction, and bid adieu to Demonstration.

1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. Introd. 2 It is from induction that all certain and accurate knowledge of the laws of nature is derived.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 41 Logic, considered as a science, is solely concerned with induction; and the business of induction is to arrive at causes.

1876 T. Fowler Induct. Logic (ed. 3) Pref. Induction..may or may not employ hypothesis, but what is essential to it is the inference from the particular to the general, from the known to the unknown.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine v. 1923 The hill in whiche god ȝaf the wrytyn lawe On-to the Iewes, ledeth to that perfeccyon Of crystis gospell..Paule in his bookis maketh swyche induccyon; He seyth it longeth to Ierusalem as in seruage With alle his children heere in pylgremage.

?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. B He treateth of the fourme of Sellogismes, Enthimemes and Inductions.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxvi. 452 We would haue [God] to vse Inductions as Plato doth, or Syllogismes as Aristotle doth.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xi. 46 In an induction..it's proved that animals void of bile are long-liv'd, because a man, a horse, an ass, &c., are long-liv'd.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Conclusion of a Syllogism is an Induction made from the Premises.

1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek iv. 86 They look..into the evidence of circumstance, and learn to make an induction for themselves.

1868 W. R. Greg Lit. & Social Judgm. 313 The contrast between his wide inductions and the apparently flimsy foundation on which they are made to rest.

1869 T. Fowler Induct. Logic i. 1 [This] is an inference of that particular character which is called an Inductive Inference or an Induction.

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 98 The induction of sicknesse is the expulsion of health.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 108 The gradual induction of political, ecclesiastical and moral changes.

1840 Lancet 7 Nov. 225/1 (heading) Induction of premature labour.

1861 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. (ed. 3) i. 13 The time required for the induction of the anæsthetic state varies.

1865 Reader 1 Apr. 374/3 Abuse of tobacco is far more operative in the induction of this paralysis than alcohol.

1916 G. P. Shears Obstetrics xxvi. 567 By the induction of abortion is meant the artificial interruption of pregnancy during the first twenty-eight weeks; i.e., before the fœtus becomes viable. The artificial interruption of pregnancy at any subsequent period is known as the induction of labor.

1962 Lancet 6 Jan. 6/2 The failure-rate was decidedly high when induction of labour was started after the calculated date for confinement had passed.

1968 D. C. Bethea Introd. Maternity Nursing ix. 120 Inductions may also be done for the convenience of the mother and/or the doctor.

1928 Biol. Abstr. 2 686/2 In the small yolk-plug stage both the median and paramedian parts of the posterior ⅔ of the gut roof are capable of induction.

1935 Discovery May 136/2 If..an organisation centre is grafted out of its usual place in an egg into new surroundings it will cause those new surroundings to develop into a complete embryo or complete organ. This ‘induction’ of a new embryo involves both sorts of embryological change; the production of new sorts of tissues..and the arrangement of those tissues.

1950 L. G. Barth tr. J. Brachet Chem. Embryol. x. 397 The middle layer..gave good inductions in 16 per cent of the cases.

1958 B. M. Patten Found. Embryol. vi. 134 Experimental studies..have yielded extraordinarily interesting information as to the way one part of a developing embryo may influence the differentiation of other parts. When this occurs it is spoken of as induction.

1960 B. I. Balinsky Introd. Embryol. vi. 169 The result may be expressed as a percentage of successful inductions.

1962 T. W. Torrey Morphogenesis Vertebr. xviii. 481 Neural induction has been shown to occur in vertebrates other than amphibians.

1947 Growth XI. 242 Where the enzymes have not been obtained in pure crystalline state.., the evidence must come mainly from a study of the specificity of the phenomenon of induction.

1951 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 7 599 These observations are incompatible with all hypotheses which imply that the induction is connected..with the activity of the enzyme.

1953 Cohn et al. in Nature 12 Dec. 1096/1 It might prove unpractical to abandon the use of the term ‘enzyme adaptation’ altogether at this stage; but we should like to suggest that..a more accurate and significant terminology be employed. We therefore propose the following terms and designations; previously used terms are placed in parenthesis. A relative increase in the rate of synthesis of a specific apoenzyme resulting from exposure to a chemical substance is an ‘enzyme induction’ (enzyme adaptation). Any substance thus inducing enzyme synthesis is an enzyme ‘inducer’. An enzyme-forming system which can be so activated by an exogenous inducer is ‘inducible’, and the enzyme so formed is ‘induced’ (adaptive). Although many compounds can act both as inducer and substrate, the terms are not equivalent. Certain substrates for induced enzymes are not inducers, while some inducers cannot function as substrates of the enzymes the formation of which they elicit.

1966 E. R. M. Kay Biochemistry xxvii. 357 By many mechanisms of feedback control, repression, and induction, enzyme levels can be regulated in accord with the metabolic demands of the cell.

1971 Nature 26 Nov. 177/2 Substrate induction of enzymes (that is, their synthesis in response to the presence of their substrates) is now commonplace in microorganisms and not infrequent in higher animals.

1950 A. Lwoff et al. in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur LXXIX. 817 Entre l'induction et la libération du bactériophage, il s'écoule de quarante-cinq à quatre-vingts minutes.

1951 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 62 302 High titer stocks of this phage were obtained from K12 by induction of phage production with UV (the Lwoff effect).]

1951 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 62 304 The plaque count rises..to a number equal to the colony count before induction.

1953 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVIII. 101/2 In 1950, Lwoff, Siminovitch and Kjeldgaard showed that..irradiation of cultures of lysogenic Bacillus megatherium with ultraviolet light greatly increased the proportion of bacteria producing phage... This phenomenon is called induction.

1959 Jacob & Wollman in Burnet & Stanley Viruses II. ix. 326 It makes it possible to compare phage development in the same phage-bacterium system, whether after infection of sensitive bacteria, or after induction of lysogenic bacteria.

1959 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 1 177 When the reverse mating (♂ non-lysogenic × ♀ λ-lysogenic) is performed, zygotic induction does not occur.

1968 Echols & Joyner in H. Fraenkel-Conrat Molecular Basis Virol. vi. 557 The treatments which produce induction of wild-type prophages are rather diverse (e.g., UV irradiation, growth in mitomycin C, thymine deprivation of a thymine requiring bacterium).

1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 572/2 (margin) A neutral body attracted, because rendered electrical by induction.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 132 To produce a succession of effects both conductors must be brought near bodies connected with the ground, which gain the opposite state, in consequence of what may be called induction.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 329 The communication of magnetism from the earth to a magnetic body, or from one magnetic body to another, is performed by a process to which the name of induction has been given.

1832 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 122 125 The power which electricity of tension possesses of causing an opposite electrical state in its vicinity has been expressed by the general term Induction; which, as it has been received into scientific language, may also with propriety, be used in the same general sense to express the power which electrical currents may possess of inducing any particular state upon matter in their immediate neighbourhood.

1832 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 122 139 I propose to call the agency thus exerted by ordinary magnets, magneto-electric or magnelectric induction. §59 The only difference which powerfully strikes the attention as existing between volta-electric and magneto-electric induction, is the suddenness of the former, and the sensible time required by the latter.

1870 J. Tyndall Lect. Electr. 14 This forcible separation of the two fluids of a neutral conductor, by the mere proximity of an electrified body, is called electric induction. Bodies in this state are also said to be electrified by influence.

1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) 83 We know that every electric current possesses a property sometimes called ‘electric inertia’, sometimes called ‘self-induction’, by virtue of which it tends to go on, and that it is in the current's own magnetic field that this inertia of self-induction resides.

1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) 102 Mutual induction between adjacent parts is of enormous importance in alternate current machines.

1861 J. C. Maxwell in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 21 168 The total amount of magnetic induction through a closed surface surrounding the pole of a magnet, depends entirely on the strength of that pole.

1864 J. C. Maxwell in Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 10 50 If a closed conductor move transversely to the lines of magnetic induction..there will be no current.

1864 J. C. Maxwell in Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 10 49 The unit cells in this case are portions of space in which unit of magnetic quantity is produced by unity [sic] of magnetizing force. The length of a cell is therefore inversely as the intensity of the magnetizing force, and its section is inversely as the quantity of magnetic induction at that point.

1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism I. i. ii. 77 If dS is the element of the surface, the electric displacement through dS will be..KR cos ε dS/4π. Since we do not at present consider any dielectric except air, K = 1. We may..avoid introducing at this stage the theory of electric displacement, by calling R cos ε dS the Induction through the element dS.

1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism I. i. ii. 85 We have used the phrase Lines of Force because it has been used by Faraday and others. In strictness, however, these lines should be called Lines of Electric Induction.

1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism II. iii. ii. 24 The three vectors, the magnetization ℑ, the magnetic force , and the magnetic induction  are connected by the vector equation  =  + 4 πℑ.

1879 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 75/2 For ‘number of lines of force’ may of course be substituted the equivalent expressions, ‘induction through the circuit’, or ‘surface integral of magnetic induction’.

1885 O. Heaviside in Electrician 4 Sept. 311/1 There is a definite magnitude called by Maxwell ‘the magnetic induction’, which may well be called simply ‘the induction’.

1885 O. Heaviside in Electrician 4 Sept. 311/2 We pass to electric displacement, the analogue of magnetic induction (noting by the way that it had better not be called the electric induction..but be called the displacement).

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 449/2 Magnetic flux, the total amount of magnetic induction through a circuit, measured by the number of lines of induction which are linked with the circuit.

1925 F. B. Pidduck Treat. Electr. (ed. 2) iii. 96 It is of some importance..to inquire what happens when the polarisation is not proportional to the electric force. We now require two vectors, P, E, not in general parallel to each other, to express the state of the medium at any point... If we define a vector D = E + 4πP, div D = o. The vector D is called the electric induction.

1938 G. P. Harnwell Princ. Electr. & Electromagn. ix. 278 By analogy with the introduction of the electric field E in electrostatics it is convenient to introduce a vector B, known as the magnetic induction, which determines the force on a current element. The element of induction is defined by the equation dF₁ = i₁ dl₁ × B₂.

1957 B. I. Bleany & B. Bleaney Electr. & Magn. v. 116 Both a magnet and a current-carrying coil are said to produce a magnetic induction B, which exerts forces on other coils or magnets.

1957 B. I. Bleany & B. Bleaney Electr. & Magn. v. 128 With a magnetic pole, H is the force vector, while the introduction of a uniform magnetic medium throughout the whole of space leaves the magnetic induction B due to a pole unchanged. In the case of a current, B is the force vector and introduction of a magnetic medium leaves H unchanged. If the magnetizable matter does not fill the whole of space, then it is the surface integral of B, the total normal induction, which remains unchanged in magnetostatics.

1962 D. R. Corson & P. Lorrain Introd. Electromagn. Fields v. 179 If the current I is distributed in space with a current density J amperes/meter², then I becomes J da and must be put under the integral sign... Thus, in the general case, the magnetic induction B at a point in space is given by B = (μ₀/4π)∫_τ(J × r₁)/r²dτ, where the integration is carried out over any volume τ which includes all the currents.