industryn.

Brit.

/ˈɪndəstri/, U.S.

/ˈɪndəstri/

Forms: late Middle English yndustry, late Middle English–1600s industrie, late Middle English–1600s industrye, 1500s endustrye, 1500s industerie, 1500s–1600s endustrie, 1500s– industry, 1600s endustry, 1600s industery; Scottish pre-1700 industre, pre-1700 industrie, pre-1700 1700s– industry.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French industrie; Latin industria.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French industrie (French industrie ) skill, cleverness, ingenuity (a1310 in Old French), contrivance, device, means of doing something (1356), occupation, craft (c1400), exercise of manual labour (1407), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin industria diligent activity, application, particular example of diligence, purposefulness < industrius diligent, active, earlier indostruus (recorded in an 8th-cent. epitome of a 2nd-cent. grammarian) < indu- in, within (see induperator n.) + struere to build (see structure n.), with suffix substitution of -ius for -uus . In later use in sense 4a, with reference to manufacturing and production, after French industrie (1771 in this sense).Compare Old Occitan endustria skill (1302; Occitan industria ), and Catalan indústria (14th cent.), Spanish industria (end of the 13th cent.), Portuguese indústria (14th cent.), Italian industria (a1342), all earliest in sense ‘diligence’. The French word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages; compare e.g. Dutch industrie (1621), German Industrie (1754), Swedish industri (1641 as †industrie ). Use in sense 4a in other Germanic and Romance (from the late 18th or early 19th centuries) is after French.

†1. Intelligent or clever working; skill, ingenuity, or cleverness in the execution of anything. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or cleverness

quaintisec1300

slyshipc1320

industry?1473

curiosity1603

cleverness1755

cleverality1828

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 271^v Anthenor was long and lene And spacke moche, But he was discrete and of grete Industrye..And was a ryght wyse man.

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 143 The subtile engynes, prudence and industrie [a1500 Rawl. witty policie] of peeple of diuers estates.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xiii. f. viii Sayeng that the foresayd hote bathes were made by the Industry, or made of the Industry of Iulius Cesar.

?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. D ij b The Cuckowe..[has] the industrie to espie where other Birdes make their nestes, and there layth hir egges.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 12 b/1 There is a certayne industrye in the depressione of the trepane.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 521 [They] have no..weapons, but certaine swords: and are without all industry for fishing and navigation.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 23 He rais'd by the industry of an Italian Engineer, a Cavalier.

†2. An application of skill, ingenuity, or cleverness; a device, a contrivance; a crafty expedient. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > display of skill > an application of skill

industry1477

cunning1526

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient

costOE

craftOE

custc1275

ginc1275

devicec1290

enginec1300

quaintisec1300

contrevurec1330

castc1340

knackc1369

findinga1382

wilea1400

conject14..

skiftc1400

policy?1406

subtilityc1410

policec1450

conjecturea1464

industry1477

invention1516

cunning1526

shift1530

compass1540

chevisance1548

trade1550

tour1558

fashion1562

invent?1567

expediment1571

trick1573

ingeny1588

machine1595

lock1598

contrival1602

contrivement1611

artifice1620

recipea1643

ingenuity1651

expedient1653

contrivance1661

excogitation1664

mechanism1669

expediency1683

stroke1699

spell1728

management1736

manoeuvre1769

move1794

wrinkle1817

dodge1842

jigamaree1847

quiff1881

kink1889

lurk1916

gadget1920

fastie1931

ploy1940

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 126 I shal deliuere to him the industrie [Fr. l'industrie] and teche him how he shal wynne the flees of golde.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 84^v Nature was not sollicitate to brynge furthe suche greate fluds by this so smaule industry.

1562 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre vii. f. xciiii The firste industrie is, to make the walles crooked, and full of tournynges, and of receiptes.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 33 Sche, as was reported, suddenlie thairefter dies, be industrie of the gouernour.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 885 To make the Computation of their yeere certaine, they used this industrie.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. i. ii. 291 All the physicke wee can vse, art, excellent industry, is to no purpose without calling vpon God.

1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass xii. cclvi. 351 Proclus too, a Brave and Famous Mathematician, burnt the Fleet of Vitelian, that came to Besiege Constantinople; which he preserved by this Industry [sc. the use of a Burning Glass].

3. Exertion, effort, hard work; diligence or assiduity in the performance of a task; close and steady application to the business in hand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] > diligence or industriousness

businessa1387

industry1485

virtue1546

industriousness1549

negotiousness1642

1485 W. Caxton tr. Lyf St. Wenefryde sig. biii^v For I wyll with all the studye & Industrye that I may & can shall execute your playsyre.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiii. sig. giij^v That slouthe and dulnesse beynge plucked from them by Industrie, they be induced vnto the continuall acte.

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas Ep. Ded. sig. A.ij^v These examples are sufficient to proue that by industrie and diligence any perfection may be attained.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1105 They..with great labour and industrie repairing the breaches and gaules made by the artillerie.

1681 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 62 It consumed but one house, being quenched by the great industry of the people.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. x. 416 A story, kept up for some days with great industry.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. i. 3 The present publication is the effect of industry, not of ability.

1836 R. M. Bird Sheppard Lee I. i. vii. 31 Wherever I went, I held arguments, and made speeches, with a degree of industry that surprised myself, for certainly I was never industrious before.

1863 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. VIII. 91 In a few well chosen sentences she complimented the students on their industry.

1940 E. Wilson To Finland Station i. v. 33 He returned with furious industry to his history, taking it up where he had dropped it, at the fall of Robespierre.

1975 H. Acton Nancy Mitford ix. 124 Despite her distaste for solemnity she devoted immense patience, care and industry to the composition of her books.

2000 J. Picoult Plain Truth 58 Katie was here with her own bowl of peas, which she was shelling with remarkable industry.

a. Productive work, trade, or manufacture. In later use esp.: manufacturing and production carried out on a commercial basis, typically organized on a large scale and requiring the investment of capital.captain of industry: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession

workeOE

mysteryc1390

facultyc1405

business1477

industrya1500

roomc1500

trade1525

pursuit1529

function1533

calling1539

profession?1552

vocation1553

entertainment1568

station1574

qualitya1586

employment1598

way of lifea1616

state1625

cloth1656

avocation1660

setworka1661

employ1669

estate1685

walk of life?1746

walk1836

society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > trade or industry

merchandrisec1480

industrya1500

trade1525

occupation?1529

graft1896

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1044 And als wiþ oþir industry Þe kynge Cerses tressoure wan Fra þat fyrst þe were began Til þat day.

1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student l. f. cxliiii A myxte tythe ys properly of calues lambes pygges and suche other that come parte of the grounde that they be fedde of, & parte of the kepynge industrye & ouersyght of the owners.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie (new ed.) i. xviii. 30 Men claimed property in their apparell and armour, and other like things made by their owne trauel and industry.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. vi. 31 The sweat of industry would dry, and dye But for the end it workes too.

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. vii. 141 Those who can turn their hands to any thing besides drudgery, live well enough by their industry.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 337 Patron of industry and manual arts.

1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 151 A man that has been bred up in the trade of begging, will never, unless compelled, fall to industry.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 407 The funds destined for the maintenance of industry, are much greater in proportion..than they were two or three centuries ago.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. iv. 363 The Leaders of Industry..are virtually the Captains of the World.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. v. 198 When industry is conducted by other combinations than those of employers and employed.

1919 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 2 606 Their one great industry is industry, but plodding industry, which..has not advanced one jot beyond what was its condition in the beginning.

1974 Science 19 Apr. 265/1 The present concern with fuel efficiency in industry follows a wave of unprecedented oil price increases.

2010 Vanity Fair June 154/1 He also signed Woods for a deal worth from $20 to $25 million with Buick as other giants of industry lined up to kiss his ring.

b. Manufacturing or production, and those involved in it, regarded as an entity, esp. owners or managers of companies, factories, etc., regarded as influential figures, esp. with regard to investment in an economy.

ΚΠ

1801 L. Goldsmith tr. Comte d'Hautrive State French Republic vi. 201 It will enable industry to raise itself, and to defray fully,..the public expences.

1824 R. A. Slaney Ess. Rural Expenditure xxi. 193 The more attractive and eligible any situation became, the more likely would it be to attract industry, capital, and intelligence.

1878 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 22 Sept. 1/4 That plan was to attract industry and population to a territory which, if rightly treated, will turn out after all to be one of the richest mining counties in America.

1926 Times 1 Mar. 11/1 Its estates merely consitute ‘dormitories’ for London workers, and it has not been found possible to attract industry thereto.

1945 Daily Mirror 20 Nov. 1/5 Mr. Morrison replied that..he did not consider it ‘consistent with the duties of a member of Parliament to incite industry to sabotage public interests’.

1967 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 33 419 The relaxation of taxes to entice industry and migrants was an integral part of the state's way of life.

1981 F. E. Rickel Numbers Jockeys Bet on Short-Term Profits in L. Evans Overtime: Worker Writer Anthology (1990) 17 We can use Japan and West Germany as models to a degree e.g., the working together of labor and industry and industry's acceptance of a responsibility for keeping labor employed.

2013 Vanity Fair July 125/1 In the U.S., the escalating bug-and-exploit trade has created a strange relationship between government and industry.

a. A particular form or sector of productive work, trade, or manufacture. In later use also more generally: any commercial activity or enterprise. Also with modifying word indicating the type of activity or principal product.banking industry, car industry, film industry, heavy industry, service industry, tourist industry, etc.: see the first element.In the 19th and 20th centuries chiefly denoting activities connected with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories, but also applied to the extraction of raw materials and to the provision of services.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > [noun]

industry?1566

manufacture1638

manufact1647

manufactory1832

?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. C iv b Spinners or Spiders..have a much better grace..in their industries [Fr. industries], for there is no knots in their workings, nor wast.

1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 42 The Thunderer then..finding nothing there by fire decay'd; He Earth, and humane industries [L. labores] suruay'd.

1676 tr. H. C. Agrippa Vanity Arts & Sci. c. 353 Every species of Mechanick Industry [L. industriam], Painting,..Factoring, Sayling.

1741 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lillput in Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 521 To maintain themselves by a more honest and useful Industry.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 234 The average produce of every sort of industry is always suited, more or less exactly, to the average consumption; the average supply to the average demand.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 164 The rights and properties of our national industries.

1883 W. J. E. Crane Sheet-metal Worker's Guide i. 11 In the United States there is a large industry, concerned in the production of galvanised iron cornices for architectural purposes.

1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 360 They knit socks as long as daylight lasts; some widows even maintain a family by this industry.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 173 In the Canary Islands, where the tobacco industry had to be resorted to after the cochineal pined.

1936 C. B. DeMille in Words Oct. 6/1 A ‘lavender’ is something often spoken of in the industry... It is a print made from a negative on lavender stock.

1977 Audubon Sept. 141/1 The inevitable demise of the whaling industry was dramatically accelerated in June when the International Whaling Commission slashed 1978 quotas..to less than 18,000 whales.

1992 Times 18 Nov. 35/1 In facilities management, a basic concept is often given several names. Some in the industry will talk of ‘hot desks’ or the ‘virtual office’, others of ‘free address’ and timesharing.

2013 Daily Tel. 18 Dec. 30/6 The Brits' love of biccies has driven an industry worth £2.3 billion.

b. In extended use: any activity portrayed as a flourishing and highly productive commercial enterprise. Usually preceded by a personal name or other modifying word indicating the focus of such activity or the name or thing being exploited. Frequently somewhat depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > [noun]

studyinglOE

studyc1300

poring1340

study?1531

conning1553

revolving1555

peruse1578

cultivation1639

culture1687

industry1875

scholastic1895

studenting1922

society > occupation and work > working > [noun] > profitable

industry1875

1875 J. W. De Forest Playing the Mischief xliv. 152 Although by this time respectably, or, rather, disreputably, familiar with the trickeries of the claim industry, she still retained much lady-like ignorance concerning the mysteries and phrases of ordinary business.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 8/3 An industry in ticket speculation on an extravagant scale has been built up, and it is known that many of the desirable berths on the best steamers..are held by persons who intend to sell them.

1932 Manch. Guardian 4 May 5/2 The 1932 celebrations have also evoked a useful volume..on the history of Stratford and its discovery of the Shakespeare Industry.

1947 J. Hayward Prose Lit. since 1939 26 Literary and historical biography was already a flourishing industry.

1965 New Statesman 9 Apr. 575/1 The Pindar industry began fairly early in antiquity, as we can still see in the surviving scholia.

1989 Times 24 Feb. 17/1 We created the great panoply of the race relations industry.

2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 July ar 12 Restoring passion, if not actual sex, to Jane Austen and her heroines defines the current wave of the flourishing Austen industry.

6. Archaeology. A collection of prehistoric implements of the same age found at an archaeological site, generally found with typical debris from their manufacture, and used as evidence of the original technique of working; (also) the technique so revealed.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > ancient or prehistoric

industry1868

lunate1932

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > collection of

industry1868

1868 Anthropol. Rev. 6 243 The flint industry from the first to the second epoch became a little modified, but not transformed.

1896 Amer. Anthropologist 9 153 The collection..shows better than any words of mine the character of prehistoric industries in Tusayan.

1911 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 458 (title) On the classification of British Stone-Age industries.

1952 V. G. Childe New Light on Most Anc. East (ed. 4) ii. 19 Even in Africa Minor great heaps of small shells in the deserts and rock shelters yield blade industries..Caspian and Oranian—comparable to the Châtelperronian and Gravettian of Europe.

1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. ii. 39 A single living or workshop site where a number of specimens all of the same age are associated is called an ‘industry’, while the term ‘culture’ is usually employed to describe a number of ‘industries’ all of the same type, and of which the distribution is more than purely local.

2002 Oxoniensia 66 225 ‘Bruised edge’ blades have been found with ‘long blade industries’..and have associations with the Final Upper Palaeolithic industries of Northern Europe.

Phrases

†P1. of industry [after classical Latin dē industriā or ex industriā] : on purpose, intentionally. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adverb]

willesOE

with one's willc1175

willes and waldesc1225

adviselya1325

wittinglya1340

wilfullyc1374

witting1377

a-purposea1382

of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382

wilfulc1381

willingly1402

of intention1430

knowingly1435

advisedlyc1449

deliberately1471

purpensely1472

purposely1495

prepensedly1496

purpensedly1496

purposedlya1540

proposely?1550

studiously1567

on (also upon) purpose1569

on set purpose1569

of industry1575

affectedly1582

premeditatelya1595

deliberatively1598

consultively1599

intentionallya1673

affectionally1603

by (also out of, on, upon) design1603

intentionately1609

industriouslya1616

perpensedly1624

intendedlya1641

unspontaneously1640

industrously1643

consultedly1645

consideringly1647

designedly1652

premeditatedly1653

wittily1653

intendingly1678

premeditatinglya1679

self-consciously1685

propensely1694

thinkingly1705

accidentally on purpose1711

affectionatelya1716

prepensely?1725

systematically1744

advertently1745

systemically1761

reflectively1775

purposefullya1854

meaningly1867

aimfully1870

purposively1878

designingly1879

proposedly1887

1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 132 This I saye, for that where you may thinke I haue written this Letter too late, you may wythall knowe that I dyd it rather of Industerie, then of forgetfulnesse.

1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois ii. sig. D2 Romes Brutus is reuiu'd in him, Whom hee of industry doth imitate.

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 4 A dissembl'd..pity, fain'd of industry to beget new commotions.

1665 M. Stevenson Poems 137 My kinder stars did well my joyes suspend, Because the Morning is the Muses Friend. It therefore, was of Industry forborn, Till the sweet up-rise of the Rosie Morn.

P2.

house of industry n. now historical a workhouse.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > poor-relief > workhouse for poor

workhouse1631

house of industry1679

bastille1835

great house1838

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse

working-house1597

workhouse1631

house of industry1679

spin-house1702

parish house1709

poorhouse1727

poorshouse1732

house?1825

union workhouse1830

union house1835

pauper asylum1837

great house1838

union1839

big house1851

spiniken1859

spike1866

lump1874

1679 R. Haines Proposals for Promoting Woollen-manufactory 4 If instead of Houses of Debauchery, such Houses of Industry were erected.

1752 Old Eng. 7 Mar. About the middle of every District is to be built what is called a House of Industry, for the general Reception of all Poor belonging to the District.

1783 Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 366 In the month of June, 1777, several years after the House of Industry has been built.

1835 J. Revans Evils State Ireland 98 The beggars of this parish would gladly enter a house of industry though it involved a temporary restriction on their personal liberty, provided they were allowed tobacco.

1855 E. Bennett Ellen Norbury 19 He is the founder of the Moyamensing House of Industry, where the suffering poor, who have neither home nor friends, are fed and cared for.

1944 Sci. & Society 8 295 It was a popular practice for old ladies of both sexes [sic] to set up ‘houses of industry’ where prostitutes, or ‘fallen women’, might learn respectable trades and thus be snatched from lives of sin.

1997 R. Albelda & C. Tilly Glass Ceilings & Bottomless Pits 89 Beginning in the 1700s, relief authorities often imposed work requirements, setting up workhouses or, in some cases, ‘houses of industry’ that provided private-sector jobs at rock-bottom wages.

school (also college) of industry n. now historical a school in which various industrial occupations are taught; spec. an industrial school for the neglected poor.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > technical school

school (also college) of industry1695

working school1695

technical school1824

polytechnic1836

junior technical school1929

1695 J. Bellers (title) Proposals for raising a Colledge of Industry of all useful Trades and Husbandry.

1752 W. Chaigneau Hist. Jack Connor I. vi. 56 From the Bounty and infinite Labours of a truly Right Reverend Prelate, sprung those Schools of Industry, now known by the Name of the Incorporated Society, for promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland.

1789 (title) Plan of the Sunday Schools and School of Industry established in the City of Bath.

1826 New Eng. Farmer 24 Nov. 137/2 Now, what these schools undertake to do for a few hours of each week, during one or two years of a boy's life, the School of Industry at Hofwyl does incessantly during the whole course of his youth.

1882 E. R. Pitman Mission Life in Greece 68 She said that she was most of all pleased with the school of industry, because it was confined to the poor.

1927 Sci. Monthly Nov. 469/1 His plan was to build up in this community a School of Industry which should teach the ‘Conquest of Nature’.

1989 I. Taylor George Eliot (1990) ii. 15 He helped administer the workhouse (euphemistically entitled the Chilvers Coton College of Industry).

2009 S. Rockman Scraping By v. 137 Rumford's School of Industry served to discipline beggars but also to provide employment for the deserving poor.

Compounds

industry leader n. Business (a) a brand or company that holds a leading or dominant position within a particular industry; (b) a manager or director of a company operating in a particular industry; (also) a person who has a prominent or influential role within a particular industry.

ΚΠ

1915 Farm Implem. 30 Oct. 43 (advt.) Our cars are absolutely the industry leader.

1946 Billboard 26 Jan. 88/4 Rowe Manufacturing executives..questioned various industry leaders on their personal opinion of the vending industry's future.

1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 11 June 6/4 Currently established industry leaders, such as Intel, Texas Instruments.., and National Semiconductor, will retain dominance throughout the five year period.

1998 Textile Horizons July 5/3 In the year following the signing of the Uruguay Round, I met with industry leaders and trade officials from a wide array of countries.

2011 Guardian (Nexis) 22 Jan. (Financial section) 38 The..deal would have created an industry leader in chilled foods and sandwiches with total sales of £1.7bn.

industry-leading adj. Business (of a company or brand) holding a leading or dominant position within a particular industry; (of a product, technology, etc.) superior to or more advanced than rival products, technologies, etc., within the same industry.

ΚΠ

1950 New Castle (Pa.) News 1 Sept. 19/1 (advt.) Long life! High quality! Discover these industry-leading Hudson advantages today!

1979 Winnipeg Free Press 13 June 44/2 (advt.) Our client, an industry leading national firm marketing a specialized range of office products and services.

2002 InfoWorld 14 Oct. 45/2 Major gaming platforms, including Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox, incorporate an extensive set of industry-leading technologies.

industry standard n. a piece of equipment, technology, etc., used as standard within a particular industry; frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1950 Hamilton (Ohio) Daily News Jrnl. 15 Feb. 9/3 (advt.) The wide-screen picture... A Philco ‘first’ that has become an industry standard in all television sets.

1955 Lubbock (Texas) Avalanche-Jrnl. 20 Feb. vi. 6/3 (advt.) With the Rocket 4-holes-per-foot gives you the perforating effectiveness you normally would expect from 7 to 11 holes-per-foot with industry standard jet guns.

1995 D. B. Christelow When Giants Converge vii. 184 Intel, Advanced Micro Devices, and Toshiba, working independently, hoped to establish their particular version of the flash chip as the industry standard.

2006 M. Gatter Software Essent. for Graphic Designers iii. 80 This program was intended to compete with the industry-standard software existing at the time of its creation, namely QuarkXPress.

industry-wide adj. (and adv.) extending or prevalent throughout a particular industry, or through industry as a whole; also as adv.

ΚΠ

1917 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 31 245 An industrial union representing all the workers of an industry might be called into action where disagreements assumed an industry-wide character.

1946 Nature 30 Nov. 797/1 Research should mainly be on an industry-wide basis, and for the benefit of the industry as a whole.

1971 Publishers' Weekly 2 Aug. 43/3 The American National Standards, Inc., the official agency for certifying industry-wide standards in the United States.

1981 H. Levinson Executive xi. 232 Someone may have good relative pay within an organization, but this will not compensate for what seems to be an inadequate pay level when seen industry-wide or community-wide.

1991 Fly Rod & Reel Apr. 64/4 Environmental practices are evident industry-wide and by the mid-'90s should address much more than recycling.

2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1507/2 A new labour code adopted in March 2001..provided legal backing for industry-wide wages negotiations.

Derivatives

ˈindustrying n. rare engagement in industry; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. v. 124 An eye-sorrow, they, with their commerce, their weavings, and industryings, to Austrian Papists, who cannot weave or trade?

1975 Valparaiso Vidette Messenger (Indiana) 17 Feb. 27/3 (advt.) Accountant: one plus years in industrying to $12,000.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	industry
释义	industryn. Brit. /ˈɪndəstri/, U.S. /ˈɪndəstri/ Forms: late Middle English yndustry, late Middle English–1600s industrie, late Middle English–1600s industrye, 1500s endustrye, 1500s industerie, 1500s–1600s endustrie, 1500s– industry, 1600s endustry, 1600s industery; Scottish pre-1700 industre, pre-1700 industrie, pre-1700 1700s– industry. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French industrie; Latin industria. Etymology: < (i) Middle French industrie (French industrie ) skill, cleverness, ingenuity (a1310 in Old French), contrivance, device, means of doing something (1356), occupation, craft (c1400), exercise of manual labour (1407), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin industria diligent activity, application, particular example of diligence, purposefulness < industrius diligent, active, earlier indostruus (recorded in an 8th-cent. epitome of a 2nd-cent. grammarian) < indu- in, within (see induperator n.) + struere to build (see structure n.), with suffix substitution of -ius for -uus . In later use in sense 4a, with reference to manufacturing and production, after French industrie (1771 in this sense).Compare Old Occitan endustria skill (1302; Occitan industria ), and Catalan indústria (14th cent.), Spanish industria (end of the 13th cent.), Portuguese indústria (14th cent.), Italian industria (a1342), all earliest in sense ‘diligence’. The French word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages; compare e.g. Dutch industrie (1621), German Industrie (1754), Swedish industri (1641 as †industrie ). Use in sense 4a in other Germanic and Romance (from the late 18th or early 19th centuries) is after French. †1. Intelligent or clever working; skill, ingenuity, or cleverness in the execution of anything. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or cleverness quaintisec1300 slyshipc1320 industry?1473 curiosity1603 cleverness1755 cleverality1828 ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 271^v Anthenor was long and lene And spacke moche, But he was discrete and of grete Industrye..And was a ryght wyse man. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 143 The subtile engynes, prudence and industrie [a1500 Rawl. witty policie] of peeple of diuers estates. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xiii. f. viii Sayeng that the foresayd hote bathes were made by the Industry, or made of the Industry of Iulius Cesar. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. D ij b The Cuckowe..[has] the industrie to espie where other Birdes make their nestes, and there layth hir egges. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 12 b/1 There is a certayne industrye in the depressione of the trepane. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 521 [They] have no..weapons, but certaine swords: and are without all industry for fishing and navigation. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 23 He rais'd by the industry of an Italian Engineer, a Cavalier. †2. An application of skill, ingenuity, or cleverness; a device, a contrivance; a crafty expedient. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > display of skill > an application of skill industry1477 cunning1526 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient costOE craftOE custc1275 ginc1275 devicec1290 enginec1300 quaintisec1300 contrevurec1330 castc1340 knackc1369 findinga1382 wilea1400 conject14.. skiftc1400 policy?1406 subtilityc1410 policec1450 conjecturea1464 industry1477 invention1516 cunning1526 shift1530 compass1540 chevisance1548 trade1550 tour1558 fashion1562 invent?1567 expediment1571 trick1573 ingeny1588 machine1595 lock1598 contrival1602 contrivement1611 artifice1620 recipea1643 ingenuity1651 expedient1653 contrivance1661 excogitation1664 mechanism1669 expediency1683 stroke1699 spell1728 management1736 manoeuvre1769 move1794 wrinkle1817 dodge1842 jigamaree1847 quiff1881 kink1889 lurk1916 gadget1920 fastie1931 ploy1940 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 126 I shal deliuere to him the industrie [Fr. l'industrie] and teche him how he shal wynne the flees of golde. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 84^v Nature was not sollicitate to brynge furthe suche greate fluds by this so smaule industry. 1562 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre vii. f. xciiii The firste industrie is, to make the walles crooked, and full of tournynges, and of receiptes. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 33 Sche, as was reported, suddenlie thairefter dies, be industrie of the gouernour. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 885 To make the Computation of their yeere certaine, they used this industrie. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. i. ii. 291 All the physicke wee can vse, art, excellent industry, is to no purpose without calling vpon God. 1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass xii. cclvi. 351 Proclus too, a Brave and Famous Mathematician, burnt the Fleet of Vitelian, that came to Besiege Constantinople; which he preserved by this Industry [sc. the use of a Burning Glass]. 3. Exertion, effort, hard work; diligence or assiduity in the performance of a task; close and steady application to the business in hand. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] > diligence or industriousness businessa1387 industry1485 virtue1546 industriousness1549 negotiousness1642 1485 W. Caxton tr. Lyf St. Wenefryde sig. biii^v For I wyll with all the studye & Industrye that I may & can shall execute your playsyre. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiii. sig. giij^v That slouthe and dulnesse beynge plucked from them by Industrie, they be induced vnto the continuall acte. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas Ep. Ded. sig. A.ij^v These examples are sufficient to proue that by industrie and diligence any perfection may be attained. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1105 They..with great labour and industrie repairing the breaches and gaules made by the artillerie. 1681 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 62 It consumed but one house, being quenched by the great industry of the people. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. x. 416 A story, kept up for some days with great industry. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. i. 3 The present publication is the effect of industry, not of ability. 1836 R. M. Bird Sheppard Lee I. i. vii. 31 Wherever I went, I held arguments, and made speeches, with a degree of industry that surprised myself, for certainly I was never industrious before. 1863 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. VIII. 91 In a few well chosen sentences she complimented the students on their industry. 1940 E. Wilson To Finland Station i. v. 33 He returned with furious industry to his history, taking it up where he had dropped it, at the fall of Robespierre. 1975 H. Acton Nancy Mitford ix. 124 Despite her distaste for solemnity she devoted immense patience, care and industry to the composition of her books. 2000 J. Picoult Plain Truth 58 Katie was here with her own bowl of peas, which she was shelling with remarkable industry. 4. a. Productive work, trade, or manufacture. In later use esp.: manufacturing and production carried out on a commercial basis, typically organized on a large scale and requiring the investment of capital.captain of industry: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession workeOE mysteryc1390 facultyc1405 business1477 industrya1500 roomc1500 trade1525 pursuit1529 function1533 calling1539 profession?1552 vocation1553 entertainment1568 station1574 qualitya1586 employment1598 way of lifea1616 state1625 cloth1656 avocation1660 setworka1661 employ1669 estate1685 walk of life?1746 walk1836 society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > trade or industry merchandrisec1480 industrya1500 trade1525 occupation?1529 graft1896 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1044 And als wiþ oþir industry Þe kynge Cerses tressoure wan Fra þat fyrst þe were began Til þat day. 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student l. f. cxliiii A myxte tythe ys properly of calues lambes pygges and suche other that come parte of the grounde that they be fedde of, & parte of the kepynge industrye & ouersyght of the owners. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie (new ed.) i. xviii. 30 Men claimed property in their apparell and armour, and other like things made by their owne trauel and industry. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. vi. 31 The sweat of industry would dry, and dye But for the end it workes too. View more context for this quotation 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. vii. 141 Those who can turn their hands to any thing besides drudgery, live well enough by their industry. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 337 Patron of industry and manual arts. 1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 151 A man that has been bred up in the trade of begging, will never, unless compelled, fall to industry. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 407 The funds destined for the maintenance of industry, are much greater in proportion..than they were two or three centuries ago. View more context for this quotation 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. iv. 363 The Leaders of Industry..are virtually the Captains of the World. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. v. 198 When industry is conducted by other combinations than those of employers and employed. 1919 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 2 606 Their one great industry is industry, but plodding industry, which..has not advanced one jot beyond what was its condition in the beginning. 1974 Science 19 Apr. 265/1 The present concern with fuel efficiency in industry follows a wave of unprecedented oil price increases. 2010 Vanity Fair June 154/1 He also signed Woods for a deal worth from $20 to $25 million with Buick as other giants of industry lined up to kiss his ring. b. Manufacturing or production, and those involved in it, regarded as an entity, esp. owners or managers of companies, factories, etc., regarded as influential figures, esp. with regard to investment in an economy. ΚΠ 1801 L. Goldsmith tr. Comte d'Hautrive State French Republic vi. 201 It will enable industry to raise itself, and to defray fully,..the public expences. 1824 R. A. Slaney Ess. Rural Expenditure xxi. 193 The more attractive and eligible any situation became, the more likely would it be to attract industry, capital, and intelligence. 1878 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 22 Sept. 1/4 That plan was to attract industry and population to a territory which, if rightly treated, will turn out after all to be one of the richest mining counties in America. 1926 Times 1 Mar. 11/1 Its estates merely consitute ‘dormitories’ for London workers, and it has not been found possible to attract industry thereto. 1945 Daily Mirror 20 Nov. 1/5 Mr. Morrison replied that..he did not consider it ‘consistent with the duties of a member of Parliament to incite industry to sabotage public interests’. 1967 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 33 419 The relaxation of taxes to entice industry and migrants was an integral part of the state's way of life. 1981 F. E. Rickel Numbers Jockeys Bet on Short-Term Profits in L. Evans Overtime: Worker Writer Anthology (1990) 17 We can use Japan and West Germany as models to a degree e.g., the working together of labor and industry and industry's acceptance of a responsibility for keeping labor employed. 2013 Vanity Fair July 125/1 In the U.S., the escalating bug-and-exploit trade has created a strange relationship between government and industry. 5. a. A particular form or sector of productive work, trade, or manufacture. In later use also more generally: any commercial activity or enterprise. Also with modifying word indicating the type of activity or principal product.banking industry, car industry, film industry, heavy industry, service industry, tourist industry, etc.: see the first element.In the 19th and 20th centuries chiefly denoting activities connected with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories, but also applied to the extraction of raw materials and to the provision of services. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] industry?1566 manufacture1638 manufact1647 manufactory1832 ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. C iv b Spinners or Spiders..have a much better grace..in their industries [Fr. industries], for there is no knots in their workings, nor wast. 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 42 The Thunderer then..finding nothing there by fire decay'd; He Earth, and humane industries [L. labores] suruay'd. 1676 tr. H. C. Agrippa Vanity Arts & Sci. c. 353 Every species of Mechanick Industry [L. industriam], Painting,..Factoring, Sayling. 1741 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lillput in Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 521 To maintain themselves by a more honest and useful Industry. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 234 The average produce of every sort of industry is always suited, more or less exactly, to the average consumption; the average supply to the average demand. View more context for this quotation 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 164 The rights and properties of our national industries. 1883 W. J. E. Crane Sheet-metal Worker's Guide i. 11 In the United States there is a large industry, concerned in the production of galvanised iron cornices for architectural purposes. 1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 360 They knit socks as long as daylight lasts; some widows even maintain a family by this industry. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 173 In the Canary Islands, where the tobacco industry had to be resorted to after the cochineal pined. 1936 C. B. DeMille in Words Oct. 6/1 A ‘lavender’ is something often spoken of in the industry... It is a print made from a negative on lavender stock. 1977 Audubon Sept. 141/1 The inevitable demise of the whaling industry was dramatically accelerated in June when the International Whaling Commission slashed 1978 quotas..to less than 18,000 whales. 1992 Times 18 Nov. 35/1 In facilities management, a basic concept is often given several names. Some in the industry will talk of ‘hot desks’ or the ‘virtual office’, others of ‘free address’ and timesharing. 2013 Daily Tel. 18 Dec. 30/6 The Brits' love of biccies has driven an industry worth £2.3 billion. b. In extended use: any activity portrayed as a flourishing and highly productive commercial enterprise. Usually preceded by a personal name or other modifying word indicating the focus of such activity or the name or thing being exploited. Frequently somewhat depreciative. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > [noun] studyinglOE studyc1300 poring1340 study?1531 conning1553 revolving1555 peruse1578 cultivation1639 culture1687 industry1875 scholastic1895 studenting1922 society > occupation and work > working > [noun] > profitable industry1875 1875 J. W. De Forest Playing the Mischief xliv. 152 Although by this time respectably, or, rather, disreputably, familiar with the trickeries of the claim industry, she still retained much lady-like ignorance concerning the mysteries and phrases of ordinary business. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 8/3 An industry in ticket speculation on an extravagant scale has been built up, and it is known that many of the desirable berths on the best steamers..are held by persons who intend to sell them. 1932 Manch. Guardian 4 May 5/2 The 1932 celebrations have also evoked a useful volume..on the history of Stratford and its discovery of the Shakespeare Industry. 1947 J. Hayward Prose Lit. since 1939 26 Literary and historical biography was already a flourishing industry. 1965 New Statesman 9 Apr. 575/1 The Pindar industry began fairly early in antiquity, as we can still see in the surviving scholia. 1989 Times 24 Feb. 17/1 We created the great panoply of the race relations industry. 2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 July ar 12 Restoring passion, if not actual sex, to Jane Austen and her heroines defines the current wave of the flourishing Austen industry. 6. Archaeology. A collection of prehistoric implements of the same age found at an archaeological site, generally found with typical debris from their manufacture, and used as evidence of the original technique of working; (also) the technique so revealed. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > ancient or prehistoric industry1868 lunate1932 society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > collection of industry1868 1868 Anthropol. Rev. 6 243 The flint industry from the first to the second epoch became a little modified, but not transformed. 1896 Amer. Anthropologist 9 153 The collection..shows better than any words of mine the character of prehistoric industries in Tusayan. 1911 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 458 (title) On the classification of British Stone-Age industries. 1952 V. G. Childe New Light on Most Anc. East (ed. 4) ii. 19 Even in Africa Minor great heaps of small shells in the deserts and rock shelters yield blade industries..Caspian and Oranian—comparable to the Châtelperronian and Gravettian of Europe. 1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. ii. 39 A single living or workshop site where a number of specimens all of the same age are associated is called an ‘industry’, while the term ‘culture’ is usually employed to describe a number of ‘industries’ all of the same type, and of which the distribution is more than purely local. 2002 Oxoniensia 66 225 ‘Bruised edge’ blades have been found with ‘long blade industries’..and have associations with the Final Upper Palaeolithic industries of Northern Europe. Phrases †P1. of industry [after classical Latin dē industriā or ex industriā] : on purpose, intentionally. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] willesOE with one's willc1175 willes and waldesc1225 adviselya1325 wittinglya1340 wilfullyc1374 witting1377 a-purposea1382 of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382 wilfulc1381 willingly1402 of intention1430 knowingly1435 advisedlyc1449 deliberately1471 purpensely1472 purposely1495 prepensedly1496 purpensedly1496 purposedlya1540 proposely?1550 studiously1567 on (also upon) purpose1569 on set purpose1569 of industry1575 affectedly1582 premeditatelya1595 deliberatively1598 consultively1599 intentionallya1673 affectionally1603 by (also out of, on, upon) design1603 intentionately1609 industriouslya1616 perpensedly1624 intendedlya1641 unspontaneously1640 industrously1643 consultedly1645 consideringly1647 designedly1652 premeditatedly1653 wittily1653 intendingly1678 premeditatinglya1679 self-consciously1685 propensely1694 thinkingly1705 accidentally on purpose1711 affectionatelya1716 prepensely?1725 systematically1744 advertently1745 systemically1761 reflectively1775 purposefullya1854 meaningly1867 aimfully1870 purposively1878 designingly1879 proposedly1887 1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 132 This I saye, for that where you may thinke I haue written this Letter too late, you may wythall knowe that I dyd it rather of Industerie, then of forgetfulnesse. 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois ii. sig. D2 Romes Brutus is reuiu'd in him, Whom hee of industry doth imitate. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 4 A dissembl'd..pity, fain'd of industry to beget new commotions. 1665 M. Stevenson Poems 137 My kinder stars did well my joyes suspend, Because the Morning is the Muses Friend. It therefore, was of Industry forborn, Till the sweet up-rise of the Rosie Morn. P2. a. house of industry n. now historical a workhouse. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > poor-relief > workhouse for poor workhouse1631 house of industry1679 bastille1835 great house1838 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse working-house1597 workhouse1631 house of industry1679 spin-house1702 parish house1709 poorhouse1727 poorshouse1732 house?1825 union workhouse1830 union house1835 pauper asylum1837 great house1838 union1839 big house1851 spiniken1859 spike1866 lump1874 1679 R. Haines Proposals for Promoting Woollen-manufactory 4 If instead of Houses of Debauchery, such Houses of Industry were erected. 1752 Old Eng. 7 Mar. About the middle of every District is to be built what is called a House of Industry, for the general Reception of all Poor belonging to the District. 1783 Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 366 In the month of June, 1777, several years after the House of Industry has been built. 1835 J. Revans Evils State Ireland 98 The beggars of this parish would gladly enter a house of industry though it involved a temporary restriction on their personal liberty, provided they were allowed tobacco. 1855 E. Bennett Ellen Norbury 19 He is the founder of the Moyamensing House of Industry, where the suffering poor, who have neither home nor friends, are fed and cared for. 1944 Sci. & Society 8 295 It was a popular practice for old ladies of both sexes [sic] to set up ‘houses of industry’ where prostitutes, or ‘fallen women’, might learn respectable trades and thus be snatched from lives of sin. 1997 R. Albelda & C. Tilly Glass Ceilings & Bottomless Pits 89 Beginning in the 1700s, relief authorities often imposed work requirements, setting up workhouses or, in some cases, ‘houses of industry’ that provided private-sector jobs at rock-bottom wages. b. school (also college) of industry n. now historical a school in which various industrial occupations are taught; spec. an industrial school for the neglected poor. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > technical school school (also college) of industry1695 working school1695 technical school1824 polytechnic1836 junior technical school1929 1695 J. Bellers (title) Proposals for raising a Colledge of Industry of all useful Trades and Husbandry. 1752 W. Chaigneau Hist. Jack Connor I. vi. 56 From the Bounty and infinite Labours of a truly Right Reverend Prelate, sprung those Schools of Industry, now known by the Name of the Incorporated Society, for promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland. 1789 (title) Plan of the Sunday Schools and School of Industry established in the City of Bath. 1826 New Eng. Farmer 24 Nov. 137/2 Now, what these schools undertake to do for a few hours of each week, during one or two years of a boy's life, the School of Industry at Hofwyl does incessantly during the whole course of his youth. 1882 E. R. Pitman Mission Life in Greece 68 She said that she was most of all pleased with the school of industry, because it was confined to the poor. 1927 Sci. Monthly Nov. 469/1 His plan was to build up in this community a School of Industry which should teach the ‘Conquest of Nature’. 1989 I. Taylor George Eliot (1990) ii. 15 He helped administer the workhouse (euphemistically entitled the Chilvers Coton College of Industry). 2009 S. Rockman Scraping By v. 137 Rumford's School of Industry served to discipline beggars but also to provide employment for the deserving poor. Compounds industry leader n. Business (a) a brand or company that holds a leading or dominant position within a particular industry; (b) a manager or director of a company operating in a particular industry; (also) a person who has a prominent or influential role within a particular industry. ΚΠ 1915 Farm Implem. 30 Oct. 43 (advt.) Our cars are absolutely the industry leader. 1946 Billboard 26 Jan. 88/4 Rowe Manufacturing executives..questioned various industry leaders on their personal opinion of the vending industry's future. 1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 11 June 6/4 Currently established industry leaders, such as Intel, Texas Instruments.., and National Semiconductor, will retain dominance throughout the five year period. 1998 Textile Horizons July 5/3 In the year following the signing of the Uruguay Round, I met with industry leaders and trade officials from a wide array of countries. 2011 Guardian (Nexis) 22 Jan. (Financial section) 38 The..deal would have created an industry leader in chilled foods and sandwiches with total sales of £1.7bn. industry-leading adj. Business (of a company or brand) holding a leading or dominant position within a particular industry; (of a product, technology, etc.) superior to or more advanced than rival products, technologies, etc., within the same industry. ΚΠ 1950 New Castle (Pa.) News 1 Sept. 19/1 (advt.) Long life! High quality! Discover these industry-leading Hudson advantages today! 1979 Winnipeg Free Press 13 June 44/2 (advt.) Our client, an industry leading national firm marketing a specialized range of office products and services. 2002 InfoWorld 14 Oct. 45/2 Major gaming platforms, including Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox, incorporate an extensive set of industry-leading technologies. industry standard n. a piece of equipment, technology, etc., used as standard within a particular industry; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1950 Hamilton (Ohio) Daily News Jrnl. 15 Feb. 9/3 (advt.) The wide-screen picture... A Philco ‘first’ that has become an industry standard in all television sets. 1955 Lubbock (Texas) Avalanche-Jrnl. 20 Feb. vi. 6/3 (advt.) With the Rocket 4-holes-per-foot gives you the perforating effectiveness you normally would expect from 7 to 11 holes-per-foot with industry standard jet guns. 1995 D. B. Christelow When Giants Converge vii. 184 Intel, Advanced Micro Devices, and Toshiba, working independently, hoped to establish their particular version of the flash chip as the industry standard. 2006 M. Gatter Software Essent. for Graphic Designers iii. 80 This program was intended to compete with the industry-standard software existing at the time of its creation, namely QuarkXPress. industry-wide adj. (and adv.) extending or prevalent throughout a particular industry, or through industry as a whole; also as adv. ΚΠ 1917 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 31 245 An industrial union representing all the workers of an industry might be called into action where disagreements assumed an industry-wide character. 1946 Nature 30 Nov. 797/1 Research should mainly be on an industry-wide basis, and for the benefit of the industry as a whole. 1971 Publishers' Weekly 2 Aug. 43/3 The American National Standards, Inc., the official agency for certifying industry-wide standards in the United States. 1981 H. Levinson Executive xi. 232 Someone may have good relative pay within an organization, but this will not compensate for what seems to be an inadequate pay level when seen industry-wide or community-wide. 1991 Fly Rod & Reel Apr. 64/4 Environmental practices are evident industry-wide and by the mid-'90s should address much more than recycling. 2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1507/2 A new labour code adopted in March 2001..provided legal backing for industry-wide wages negotiations. Derivatives ˈindustrying n. rare engagement in industry; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. v. 124 An eye-sorrow, they, with their commerce, their weavings, and industryings, to Austrian Papists, who cannot weave or trade? 1975 Valparaiso Vidette Messenger (Indiana) 17 Feb. 27/3 (advt.) Accountant: one plus years in industrying to $12,000. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1473
随便看	take on the personage of take on trust take on water take one for the team take one step forward and two steps back take one with another take one'a bit of mutton with take one'a perch take one's adieux take one's adventure take one's bearings take one's bere take one's breath take one's chance take one's change out of take one's change out of a person take one's change out of a thing take one's choice take one's davy take one's death take one's dick take one's drink take one's drops take one's ease take one's eye off the ball