intelligencen.

Brit.

/ɪnˈtɛlᵻdʒ(ə)ns/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈtɛlədʒ(ə)ns/

Forms: Middle English–1500s intelligens, Middle English–1500s intellygens, Middle English–1600s intellygence, Middle English– intelligence, 1500s intellingence (probably transmission error), 1500s–1600s inteligence, 1500s–1600s intellegence, 1600s intiligence, 1700s intteligence (rare), 1700s inttelligence (rare); Scottish pre-1700 intellegens, pre-1700 intelligens, pre-1700 intellygence, pre-1700 1700s– intelligence.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French intelligence; Latin intelligentia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French intelligence faculty of understanding, intellect (c1174 in Old French), understanding, comprehension (c1370), spiritual intelligent being (1370), understanding (between parties), agreement (1476; frequently with qualifying adjective, e.g. in bonne intelligence , mauvaise intelligence ), communication of information, especially of confidential information (c1500; frequently in plural intelligences ), capacity to understand (1559), highly intelligent person, intellectual (1749), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin intellegentia, intelligentia action or faculty of discerning or understanding, comprehension, degree of understanding, intelligence, intellectual keenness, cleverness, understanding in a special field, discernment, idea, concept, notion, in post-classical Latin also intelligent being (5th cent. in Augustine), spiritual being, incorporeal being, angel (from c1200 in British sources), understanding (between parties), agreement (late 15th cent. in a British source) < intellegent- , intellegēns intelligent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹: see -ence suffix Compare intellect n.Compare Catalan intel·ligència (15th cent.), Spanish inteligencia (second half of the 13th cent. as †intelligençia , Portuguese inteligência (14th cent. as jntelligencia ), Italian intelligenzia (mid 13th cent. as †inteligentia ; also †intelligentia , †intelligenza , etc.). The sense ‘piece of confidential information or news’ (compare senses 6a, 6b) is apparently first recorded in French only in Cotgrave (1611) and shows a calque on English; sense 6c is unparalleled in French.

1. The faculty of understanding; intellect. Also as a count noun: a mental manifestation of this faculty, a capacity to understand.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > [noun]

i-witc888

anyitOE

witOE

thoughtOE

inwitc1305

intention1340

mindc1384

understandingc1384

intentc1386

intelligencec1390

intellecta1398

minda1398

understanda1400

intellectionc1449

ingeny1477

intellectivec1484

mind-sight1587

intellectual1598

notion1604

intelligency1663

mental1676

nous1678

grasp1683

thinker1835

Geist1871

noesis1881

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun]

witOE

understandinga1050

intention1340

intendmentc1374

knowledgea1387

intelligencec1390

conceitc1405

intellect?a1475

perceiverancea1500

perceiverationa1500

receipta1500

intendiment1528

reach1542

apprehension1570

toucha1586

understandingnessa1628

apprehensivenessa1639

ingenuity1651

comprehensiona1662

intelligibility1661

intelligency1663

uptake1816

c1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 902) viii. l. 2976* (MED) He which withinne dayes sevene..thilke intelligence In mannes soule resonable Enspired, to himself semblable.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 257 It excedyth myn intellygens.

1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 255 A stonie coldnesse hath benumbd the sence..And dimd with darknesse their intelligence.

1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 40 These darke Enigmaes..passe my dullard braines intelligence.

1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. v. xiv. 313 'Tis plain..that an Intelligence, by that one rarefactive Vertue, can operate whatever is to be done by Bodies.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 158 To say, this Polary direction proceeds from itself, is to put a Soul, or Intelligence, at least, into the Stone.

1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 255 His frequent references to history..shew an intelligence perpetually on the wing, excursive, vigorous, and diligent.

1784 E. Allen Reason i. §3. 36 Through the intelligence of our own souls we may have something of a prospective idea of the divine perfections.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iv. 59 There being no difference, as far as argument is concerned, between an intelligence which is not exerted, and an intelligence which does not exist.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 4 He is led to the conception of a Power and an Intelligence superior to his own.

1861 J. Remy & J. L. Brenchley Journey to Great-Salt-Lake City II. iii. ii. 89 Man..differs more from animals by his intelligence than he resembles them by his body.

1916 P. Colum in Mother Earth June 505 With a will and an intelligence that would have brought him to the easy chair and the good bank account, he refused to leave his comrades.

1962 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 13 The bustling homo-sapiens was becoming homo-sedentarius, a quiet animal who sat and used his intelligence to push buttons and pull switches.

1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 19 Jan. 21/2 The heart Ms. Freeman is writing about is..the seat of intelligence and emotion.

†2. A branch of knowledge. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > [noun]

craftOE

lorec1290

cunning1340

facultyc1384

sciencea1387

intelligencea1393

disciplinea1398

masterya1425

learning1570

skill1570

doctrine1594

ism1680

ology1811

ography1828

sophya1843

osophy1851

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 176 Mathematique of his science Hath yit the thridde intelligence Full of wisdom and of clergie And cleped is Geometrie.

3. The action or fact of mentally apprehending something; understanding, knowledge, comprehension (of something). Also (now rare): an act of mental comprehension.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension > of something

intelligencec1429

sense1483

understanding1548

resentmenta1638

sensationa1659

conception1796

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3702 To whayme..Crist gaf..Grace of the Haly Gast and eke of tonges intelligence.

?c1530 Crt. of Love 5 I write, as he that none intelligence Of metres hath, ne floures of sentence.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. vii. f. 18^v It helpis vs to y^e trew intelligence of y^e scripture.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1095 If without the said good, it is not possible to conceive and imagine the indifference respective to that which is not good; much lesse the intelligence of good things yeeldeth any cogitation unto them, who had not before some prenotion of the good.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 2 God doth not reason..but with one simple apprehension, or intelligence he knowes all things.

1702 Excellency Human Understanding 20/2 If Reason was not to lead us in the intelligence of Scripture, how could we understand any one Text?

1791 H. More Estimate Relig. Fashionable World 75 A disposition to enjoy them, arising from an intelligence of their nature, and a reverence for their value.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III v, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 243/1 Of lakes he had intelligence, He knew something of heath, and fell.

1846 M. Fuller Papers on Lit. & Art ii. 22 What happiness for the critic when..his task is, mainly, how to express a cordial admiration; to indicate an intelligence of beauties, rather than regret for defects!

1925 R. Jeffers Roan Stallion, Tamar & Other Poems 20 Useless intelligence of far stars, dim knowledge of the spinning demons that make an atom.

1940 A. Tate Ess. Four Decades (1970) 210 Literature is the complete knowledge of man's experience, and by knowledge I mean that unique and formed intelligence of the world of which man alone is capable.

2002 L. D'Isanto tr. G. Vattimo After Christianity ii. 28 The spiritual intelligence of Scripture is above all the capacity to grasp the events narrated in the Bible as ‘figures’ of other historical events, rather than as parables.

4. Understanding as a quality admitting of degree; spec. quickness or superiority of understanding, sagacity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [noun]

i-witc888

anyitOE

understandinga1050

ferec1175

skillwisenessa1200

quaintisec1300

brainc1325

cunning1340

reder1340

cunningnessa1400

sentencec1400

intelligence?1435

speculation1471

ingeny1474

cunningheadc1475

capacity1485

pregnancyc1487

dexterity1527

pregnance?1533

shift1542

wittiness1543

ingeniousness1555

conceitedness1576

pate1598

conceit1604

ingeniosity1607

dexterousness1622

talent1622

ingenuousness1628

solertiousnessa1649

ingenuity1651

partedness1654

brightness1655

solerty1656

prettiness1674

long head1694

long lega1705

cleverness1755

smartness1800

cleverality1828

brain power1832

knowledgeability1834

braininess1876

cerebrality1901

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 636 (MED) God the ffulfille with intelligence And with a spyryt off goostly sapience.

?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 He sparis no lord for his piscence, Na clerk for his intelligence.

c1510 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) sig. a.ii O man deuoyde of intellygence Open thyn eeres vnto my call and cry.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. Ep. f. 2^v That some learned Englishe man of good intelligence would..confute such errors.

1639 G. Digby in G. Digby & K. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 112 Accepting alike the Faith resultant from the dark mists of the Ignorant, and from the clearest intelligence of the Learned.

1663 J. D. tr. H. de Péréfixe de Beaumont Hist. Henry IV iii. 333 Either through the negligence of the Overseers, or through the little intelligence, or rather impatience of the French..this work was discontinued.

1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 14 We can proceed with confidence, because we can proceed with intelligence.

1793 A. Dalzel Hist. Dahomy i. viii. 44 When any difference or difficulty arose, he interfered, as a moderator, with no less intelligence than politeness.

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 350/1 Baron Cuvier..observes [of elephants] that..he never found their intelligence surpass that of a dog nor of many other carnivorous animals.

1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §202 The Common Seal..is readily domesticated, and shows great intelligence and attachment to Man.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 428 It is clear that intelligence has ever proved itself superior to ignorance.

1925 E. F. Norton in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 39 He must be a good-class man of some intelligence.

1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. ii. xxxvi. 9/1 Many children with mild cerebral palsy require no medical treatment and, if they are of average intelligence, should be considered as normal children.

1990 J. Green Whales & Dolphins Coloring Bk. 34 The killer whale displays intelligence as high and social behaviour as complex as any other dolphin.

2005 C. N. Murphy Global Inst., Marginalization & Devel. vii. 115 Moynihan came to the United Nations as a man of great intelligence and vision.

a. An intelligent or rational being, esp. a spiritual one, or one alien to humankind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun]

ghostOE

spiritc1350

minda1398

sprite?1440

intelligencea1456

esperite1477

intelligency1582

genio1590

geniusa1592

ethereal1610

spirituality1628

supernatural1660

jynx1662

duende1691

atua1769

nat1819

demon1822

Wandjina1938

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. ii. 60 Spiritis þat beþ also iclepid intelligencie [L. intelligentie] beþ ful of schappis and liknes, þat nediþ to haue knowlech and konnynge.]

a1456 J. Lydgate Invocation St. Anne (BL Add.) l. 4 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 130 (MED) Þou first moeuer..Having þe lordship of eche Intelligence, Destille adoune þy gracious Influence.

1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties sig. ¶vii^v Chiefly standeth his minde in contemplation of immortall, & perdurable thinges... Ye order, course..influence of sonne, moone, and sterres it obserueth: conceiueth intelligences, aungels, soules, and fourmes immaterial.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iii. 4 The diuine intelligences or good Angels.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 181 How fully hast thou satisfi'd mee, pure Intelligence of Heav'n, Angel serene.

1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature 53 The School Philosophers..teach, the Cœlestial Orbs to be moved or guided by Intelligences, or Angels.

1710 tr. P. Jurieu Pract. Devotion i. iv. 23 In the Intelligible World there are Beauties Created, which are nevertheless Eternal, i.e. such as shall never have an end. Such are the Celestial Intelligences, the Angels and Archangels.

1756 T. Nugent tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws (1758) I. i. i. 1 The intelligences superior to man have their laws.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More I. 11 A correspondent degree of wickedness may effect a communion with evil Intelligences.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. iii. 50 Man as a thinking and cognitive intelligence.

1915 A. T. De Mattos tr. M. Maeterlinck Unknown Guest iii. 179 It stumbles against the same difficulties as the spirits or other alien intelligences uselessly foretelling the event which they cannot prevent.

1979 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. 11/1 Scientists have argued that..the radio water-hole will be the most logical communications medium for intelligences across the universe.

2001 T. Zahn Angelmass 147 The angels are alien intelligences..either separately or together, as part of some kind of hive mind.

b. An embodiment of intelligence or understanding; a highly intelligent person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [noun] > intelligent person

wit1508

callent1637

intelligent1640

headpiece1647

intelligence1648

long head1744

intellect1842

sharpshins1883

brain1914

brain-box1942

brainiac1975

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > intellectual superiority > [noun] > intellectual person

illuminate1602

intellectualist1605

intelligence1648

intellectual1652

aerialist1778

intellect1842

intellectuality1863

cerebralist1890

highbrow1898

longhair1920

egghead1952

boffin1954

boff1984

1648 Mercurius Veridicus No. 1. sig. A3^v Cheynell their chiefe Intelligence and Mouer is come for London, to be enabled to do them more mischiefe.

1775 M. O. Warren Group 1 (heading) As lately acted, and to be re-acted to the wonder of all superior intelligences, nigh head-quarters at Amboyne.

1843 Church of Eng. Q. Rev. Jan. 4 Great men, vast intelligences arose, who purified and elaborated their former crude notions in a definite principle into a general and accepted, organized religion.

1931 S. Putnam tr. J. Cassou in S. Putnam et al. European Caravan I. 299 Gerardo Diego, formerly one of the founders of the Ultraist movement, and one of the finest intelligences that there is.

1962 F. G. Wilson Theory Public Opinion ii. vi. 127 To the extent that the superior intelligences are subjected to crowd influence, they are alike subject to political error.

2002 R. P. Smith Other Face of Public Television 315 One of the century's foremost intelligences, J. Robert Oppenheimer advised institutionalization of an alliance between the artist and the university.

a. Knowledge concerning events communicated by or obtained from another; information, news; spec. information of military value.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun]

kithc900

avaymentc1315

learningc1386

information1390

knowledgea1398

witteringa1400

witting1417

advicec1425

hearinga1450

understanding1473

intelligence?a1475

intellectionc1475

wit1487

instructiona1535

myance1552

fact1566

aviso1589

facts and figures1727

tell1823

message1828

renseignement1841

khubber1878

dope1901

lowdown1905

info1907

poop1911

oil1915

score1938

gen1940

intel1961

scam1964

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 116 (MED) The Aungel Gabryel Apperyd hym to; þat hese wyff xulde conseyve, he ȝaff hym intelligence.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxvi. 190 We anone to our lady Pacience Will geve of you perfyte intelligence.

1576 A. Golding tr. Edict Frenche Kinge xxviii. 27 As for all controuersies concerning the fines & raunsomes..we reserue them to ourselues..forbidding all our Officers and Magistrates to..take vpon them any iurisdiction, intelligence, or information of the matter.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ix. iii. 700 I suspend [belief], till some eye-intelligence of some of our parts haue testified the truth.

1645 T. Fairfax Let. to W. Lenthall conc. Sherborn Castle 15 Aug. 7 I will neither directly nor indirectly give (or so far as in me lieth) suffer to be given any intelligence, advice or information to the Army.

1695 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. (1699) 5 These were the Men from whom Cæsar drew his best Intelligence concerning the Country.

1714 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c24 Sept. (1965) I. 226 I fear her Inttelligence is not at all to be depended on.

1758 G. Coade Let. Right Honourable W.P. 126 He became quite raving mad, and instantly turn'd off Louvois..for not having procured better and more early Intelligence.

1799 G. Harris Diary 4 Apr. in Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 24 If our intelligence is true, his [sc. Tippoo Sultaun's] whole army are in a complete state of terror.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. v. 485 Intelligence poured in from all quarters, that one place after another was assailed.

a1827 J. Poole Gloss. in T. P. Dolan & D. Ó Muirithe Dial. Forth & Bargy (1996) 67 Tellgence, talligence, tidings, news, ‘intelligence’.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. xlix. 29 The most accurate source of intelligence in all matters of public interest.

1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood xiii. 214 We were deceived by false intelligence—it was Traquair's doing, for which some day he will get my steel in his wame.

1974 Times 15 Jan. 14/3 The first question that everybody asked was why the intelligence of the Arab armies massing on the borders..was misread?

2004 New Yorker 24 May 39/2 The intelligence would be relayed to the SAP command center in the Pentagon..and sifted for those pieces of information critical to the ‘white’, or overt, world.

†b. A piece of information or news. Frequently in plural. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > piece of

somewhatc1175

communication1481

informationa1527

intelligence1570

adviso1591

intelligencies1623

data1645

footnote1711

steer1899

mail1975

1570 T. Norton Disclosing of Great Bull sig. C i Some be wakened with very wisperinges, as with secret rumors and intelligences.

1592 T. Henage Let. in H. Unton Corr. (1847) 268 The busines of procuringe the intelligences of the world.

1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa IV. ii. vi. 573 The just Gods..have sent me an Intelligence.

1682 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 231 For the suppressing all the weekly intelligences and other libells.

1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. xi. 147 The Keeper [of the Paper Office] hath in his Charge all the publick Papers..all Letters, Intelligences, Negotiations of the Queen's publick Ministers abroad.

1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins II. xi. 122 I sent for Nasgig to obtain some Intelligences I wanted to be informed of.

1820 Times 13 July 3/3 Many difficulties must eventually arise, from the want of those hints and intelligences which are to be derived from similar cases.

c. The obtaining of information, esp. of military or political value; espionage. Also (esp. in later use): the agency for obtaining such information; the people employed in such an agency, secret service.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun]

spying1338

espying1340

espialc1386

espyc1386

spyc1450

especiala1500

spieryc1588

intelligence1602

worming1607

scouting1644

espionage1793

spyism1847

spydom1859

obbo1933

great game1936

spooking1977

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G2 When will the Duke holde feed Intelligence, Keepe warie obseruation in large pay?

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 240 We have here the worst intelligence, of any Instruments that any Prince in Christendome doth imploy in so waighty a businesse.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 70 Secretary Morris did this day in the House..say that he was allowed but 700l a year for intelligence.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vi. 133 To land some Men purposely to get Prisoners for intelligence.

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Pinnace,..a small Vessel, with a Square Stern, going with Sails and Oars, and carrying three Masts;..used as a Scout for Intelligence, and for Landing of Men.

1797 G. Baker tr. Livy Hist. Rome I. iv. 416 Scouts were instantly despatched for intelligence, who brought accounts, that the generals and the army were at Tusculum.

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose in Tales of my Landlord IV. x. 218 I..met with Ian of Glenroy, who had been out for intelligence. Argyle is moving upon Inverlochy with three thousand chosen men.

1850 Hansard Commons 16 Apr. 414 The reason why the Times and other papers were charged so high as 5d...was that they put themselves to an immense expense for intelligence.

1915 R. Kipling France at War 21 The Intelligence with its stupefying photo-plans of the enemy's trenches.

1949 A. Christie Crooked House xii. 95 A person who has something to hide can't really afford to talk at all. The blokes knew that in Intelligence during the war.

1974 Listener 31 Jan. 142/1 Tizard has managed to get it through that someone should be seconded to British Intelligence for a while.

1986 D. Potter Singing Detective vi. 229 We're supposed to be in Intelligence, aren't we?

2001 Times 12 Sept. (Terror in Amer. Suppl.) 12/3 We work closely with them, both militarily and in terms of intelligence and we will do everything that we can to assist the US in bringing these people to justice.

a. Exchange of knowledge, information, opinion, etc.; mutual conveyance of information; communication, esp. of confidential information. Now chiefly with with (an enemy, etc.). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > [noun] > of a secret nature

intelligence1523

intelligency1598

correspondence1639

1523 T. More Let. 23 Sept. in J. Delcourt Essaie langue Sir Thomas More (1914) 337 And as for thintelligence that thempero^r wryteth of to his embassiato^r here that he hath in Guyen w^t hope to attayne certayne townys.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiii. sig. gvi^v Also intelligence is nowe vsed for an elegant worde, where there is mutuall treaties or appoyntementes, eyther by letters or message.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) ix. 62 Ane prince of athenes callit circisus..hed secret intelligens vitht xerxes kyng of perse.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Dan. xi. 30 He shal euen returne, & haue intelligence with them that forsake the holie couenant.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. viii. §6. 141 That they might repaire to each other, and keepe intelligence by River.

1637 W. Alexander Doomes-day vii. c. 162 in Recreations with Muses Of these brave sprits..The tongues of Time, interpreting the dead, Who entertaine intelligence 'twixt States By registring all what was famous made.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 192 [Constellations] as they came from hence, With us may hold Intelligence.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Feb. (1965) I. 306 They took it into their heads..he was of intteligence with the Enemy.

1720 D. Manley Power of Love iv. 250 They were of Intelligence together.

1815 Times 27 Nov. 2/5 M. the Baron Pasquier, the first witness for the defendant..justified M. the Count Lavalette against the charge of having held intelligence with Buonaparte.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 240 Denunciations of..the barbarity of these..who were accused of secret intelligence and confederacy with the Mahommedans.

1933 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 13 86 There was a third class of offenses: stealing, perjury, false official statements, cowardice, holding intelligence with the enemy and plundering.

1961 P. de Vomécourt Army of Amateurs x. 111 I was also charged with possessing a radio, arms, explosives; of having blown up ships; of having intelligence with the enemy.

2007 C. Fournet Crime of Destr. & Law of Genocide iii. ix. 120 If numerous trials were held in the aftermath of the Second World War, they were based on Article 75 of the French Penal Code, which dealt with the crimes of treason and of intelligence with the enemy.

†b. spec. Communication of esp. confidential information by a secret agent, ambassador, etc.; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > private

intelligence1549

air1622

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 112 This knowlage came through intelligence, that the frenche ambassadour had with one of the Uenetian Secretaries, who through corrupcion of money, disclosed all the procedynges of the priuie counsaile.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1372/1 Diuerse aduertisements thereof sent..by other good meanes and intelligences from hir ambassadors and seruants residing in other countries.

1695 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. 565 He practis'd private Intelligences in the Danish Court.

1757 New Hist. Eng. II. 317 It was pretended that Satisfaction should be given for the secret Intelligence which the last Ambassadors from the States had held with the late King, during the Civil War.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. XII. 736/2 Granmont endeavoured to pacify her, and to extenuate his royal master's conduct on the plea of expediency, and want of intelligence with the former ambassadors.

8. A basis of communication or a relation between people or parties; an understanding between or with. Frequently with modifying word, as good, bad, etc. Also in extended use. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > between persons, communities, etc.

relationc1485

correspondency1588

intelligence1597

correspondence1599

necessitude1612

correlation1649

connection1768

belongingness1854

association1882

intercommunalism1971

1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 5 That ill intelligence that we many times see between great personages.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F3 The Sciences..which haue had better intelligence..with the imagination..than with..reason, are..Astrologie, Naturall Magicke, and Alcumy.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 146 Intestine discord between the King and his Barons, bad intelligence with Neighbour-Princes.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Intelligence,..the Union and Amity between two or more Persons that rightly understand one another.

1740 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) VII. 107 He sent an embassy..to renew the good intelligence between them.

1772 tr. A. de La Roche-Guihen Hist. Female Favourites 271 She still saw, with vexation, a good intelligence between the king and her relation.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VIII. xv. 405 Having made truce with Joachim..it was to last no longer than his good intelligence with her ally.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 140 Shall I not have intelligence with the earth? Am I not partly leaves and vegetable mould myself?

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xxvi. 446 He had too much lustiness of mind..to be capable of living on terms of close intelligence with the..statesmen of Berlin.

1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. 27 76 Morville..showed sensible pleasure saying that nothing could be more agreeable to France than to see Great Britain and Prussia more closely united, and that he himself had done his best to procure a good intelligence between them.

1955 Mod. Philol. 53 123/1 In ‘Portrait of a Lady’..the reader holds intelligence with the man in the case, though..it is the woman who is the active partner in the relationship.

Compounds

C1. (In sense 6.)

intelligence agency n.

ΚΠ

1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (new ed.) III. 49/1 It has a handsome capitol building,..the usual charitable and secret orders, penitentiary, a State intelligence agency, 9 newspapers [etc.].

1948 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 42 496 The name check..is required to..be made against not only the files of the FBI and of the Commission, but also those of the military intelligence agencies.

2006 Sydney Morning Herald 14 Jan. 25/2 Spy chiefs from the CIA, MI6 and Europe's intelligence agencies sent their senior officers to Tel Aviv to study the debriefing reports.

intelligence agent n.

ΚΠ

1844 Green's St. Louis Directory for 1845 32 Byrne John J, land and intelligence agent.

a1854 E. Grant Mem. Highland Lady (1988) II. xxiii. 152 He must have had a staff of intelligence Agents all along the road.

1901 Times 3 June 10/5 It is gratifying to note that far more practical use than hitherto is being made of the Kaffir as an intelligence agent.

2007 Wired May 125/1 Eavesdropping intelligence agents know that not every mention of airplanes and bombs constitutes a terrorist plot.

intelligence analyst n.

ΚΠ

1942 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. 9/4 Assistant intelligence analyst, $2,600, a member of the American League for Peace and Democracy.

2005 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 69 883 To this reviewer—who served with NSA as an intelligence analyst..—this book is incredible, and ought to serve as a cautionary tale.

intelligence bureau n.

ΚΠ

1869 Catholic World Feb. 706/1 If..appeal be made to it, it may act either by the exercise of its own faculties, or as the trustee of social goods; a mutual intelligence bureau of higher grade than our ordinary business offices.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 24 Sept. 5/2 (France) Colonel Picquart then presided over the spy department, known in polite language as the Intelligence Bureau.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 16/1 Henry Liu was murdered..by members of the crime syndicate known as the ‘Bamboo Gang’, which worked in complicity with the Intelligence Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense.

intelligence brief n.

ΚΠ

1956 R. L. Garthoff in B. H. L. Hart Red Army xxiii. 269 Intelligence briefs (‘svodki’) are regularly distributed to regional field commands.

2008 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 235/1 I had overheard an intelligence brief over the battalion net that local insurgents had spent $20,000 to buy four SA-IS heat-seeking missiles.

intelligence briefing n.

ΚΠ

1943 Atlanta Constit. 17 Aug. 10/2 Each bomber had been assigned a different bombing altitude at the intelligence briefing.

2004 F. Lawrence Not on Label ii. 39 Intelligence briefings on gangmasters have included details of the Azerbaijani Stanley signature.

intelligence capability n.

ΚΠ

1960 Operations Res. 8 167 The asymmetry between the Soviet ‘lead-time’ and intelligence capabilities and ours requires that we concede the Communists a great advantage.

1990 CIO Nov. 76/2 Building an effective intelligence capability depends on the company.

2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 33/1 After 9/11, Americans had good reason to assume the nation's intelligence capabilities were being improved.

intelligence corps n.

ΚΠ

1885 Times 6 Apr. 3/2 An intelligence corps has been formed of 50 land surveyors familiar with the North-West country, and they will be sent out forthwith to gather information.

1974 P. McCutchan Call for Simon Shard xiv. 132 Hedge had been in the war, a captain in the Intelligence Corps.

2004 Healthy Sept.–Oct. 46/3 The lymphocytes..act like an intelligence corps, identifying invaders as soon as they appear and preparing powerful weapons against them.

intelligence dossier n.

ΚΠ

1945 Hist. IX Engineer Command Annex VI. 213 Intelligence Dossiers on airfields in France, Germany, Belgium and Holland.

2004 Smithsonian Apr. 75/1 Gilligan lacked the evidence he needed to back his claim that Blair's staff had ‘sexed up’ an intelligence dossier.

intelligence-gathering adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1917 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Apr. 7/6 The specials will form the nucleus of a general intelligence gathering association.

1918 Dial 28 Mar. 266 (advt.) The author was delegated to the thrilling business of intelligence gathering.

1997 N.Y. Times 27 Dec. a8/5 Mr. Clinton has come to rely on their advice and intelligence-gathering abilities across the spectrum of politics, policy and press strategy.

2006 J. Margulies Guantanamo & Abuse of Presidential Power i. 21 The Administration's vision of military intelligence-gathering is based on the ‘mosaic theory’.

† intelligence giver n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) iii. viii. 109 Was the examination of these traitors, and the proceedings vniust; because the names of the intelligence-giuers, were to this day suppressed?

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Intelligencier..an intelligence-giuer; a spy.

1754 T. Birch Mem. Reign Queen Elizabeth I. ii. 107 They were immediately imprison'd, and..ill treated on suspicion of being intelligence-givers.

intelligence man n.

ΚΠ

1855 N.-Y. Daily Times 26 July 3 The ‘Intelligence’ man welcomes them as their best friend.

1930 Publishers' Weekly 5 July 11 Those lone daredevils of No Man's Land, the scouts, snipers and intelligence men.

2008 Independent (Nexis) 6 May 34 He was the kind of intelligence man who swore an oath of secrecy when they joined and kept it.

intelligence officer n.

ΚΠ

1779 J. Wesley Let. 15 May (1931) VI. 344 I advise you to apply to two, three, or four intelligence officers with regard to Nancy.

1847 Trans. N.-Y. State Agric. Soc. 1846 6 33 A competent person, who could..take charge of your agricultural room; and..be an intelligence officer for the farmer, where he could communicate and receive all the agricultural information.

1914 R. Brooke in E. Marsh Rupert Brooke (1918) 132 Intelligence Officer in H.M.S. Vengeance.

2007 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 90/1 The appellation ‘Londonistan’, which apparently originated with a sarcastic remark by a French intelligence officer.

intelligence operation n.

ΚΠ

1898 Times 25 July 9/5 The intelligence operations are in the hands of Brevet Col. F. R. Wingate.

1949 World Politics 1 547 If all of Mr. Kent's reproofs were acted upon..the result would be an improvement in United States intelligence operations.

2004 New Yorker 9 Feb. 22/2 Senior Pentagon officials were running their own intelligence operation, the Office of Special Plans.

intelligence operative n.

ΚΠ

1917 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 3 May 10/4 The name of the intelligence operative who obtained this communication probably never will be known.

1946 Far Eastern Surv. 15 371/1 During the war he was planted as an intelligence operative.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 8 July i. 6/4 President Bush ordered a ‘surge’ of dozens of C.I.A. agents to Pakistan, hoping that an influx of intelligence operatives would lead to better information.

intelligence operator n.

ΚΠ

1949 T. Roscoe U.S. Submarine Operations ii. vii. 78/1 The support of Philippine guerillas, transportation of intelligence operators, establishment of lifeguard patrols,..—these were vitally important activities.

2008 Sun (Nexis) 3 Apr. 2008 (advt.) Recruit Victoria, 25, is an accountant—and a qualified military intelligence operator in the TA.

intelligence report n.

ΚΠ

1857 J. Outram Let. 12 Mar. in Persian Campaign (1860) II. 199 The said Commander-in-Chief..has full powers to negotiate (see intelligence report of yesterday).

1979 P. Cave Foxbat 29 I can't really go along with these performance figures—not given our last intelligence reports on the MiG projects into the 80's.

2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) ii. 30 The Office of Special Plans, which mined intelligence reports for data to make the case that Saddam possessed weapons of mass destruction.

intelligence service n.

ΚΠ

1852 B. J. Lossing Pict. Field-bk. Revol. II. xxxi. 840 The disbursements were for reconnoitering and traveling, secret intelligence service, and miscellaneous expenses.

1930 B. Miall tr. Berndorff Espionage i. 16 At Nice..he continued to work for the French Intelligence Service.

2004 Washington Post 1 Feb. (Home ed.) b7/3 George W. Bush and Tony Blair are momentarily in the clear. But their intelligence services are left stuck in deep doo-doo.

intelligence work n.

ΚΠ

1878 Rep. Comm. Public Accts. 13/1 in Parl. Papers VIII. 1 We do not always know quite accurately whether they [sc. officers] are employed upon intelligence work or not.

1946 Liberty 25 May 54/1 The best spy stories of fiction are these tales of intelligence work in North Africa and Holland.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 June 28/3 He does flesh out the existing record on the extra-curricular aspects of Maugham's career: his intelligence work, which he touchingly called ‘sleuthing’.

C2.

intelligence assessment n. (a) Psychology an assessment of a person's intelligence (cf. intelligence test n. (b)); (b) an evaluation or analysis of military intelligence with regard to a particular enemy, threat, etc.

ΚΠ

1919 Jrnl. Educ. Psychol. Dec. 501 The bias which familiarity seems to work in the judgment of any one in respect to the intelligence assessment of another.

1950 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 2 Apr. 14/5 Reliable sources said the plan was drawn up only after a most careful intelligence assessment of the Soviet Union's military production.

1999 Psychol. Inq. 10 57/2 One would probably have no qualms in asserting that one's intelligence assessment was based on one's IQ score.

2009 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 21 Sept. 22 Findings of a congressionally mandated review, as well as adjustments in the intelligence assessment of the missile threat from Iran, underpin the decision.

intelligence centre n. (a) the part of the brain responsible for intelligence, spec. the cerebral cortex; (b) a facility devoted to the gathering or analysis of military intelligence.

ΚΠ

1884 T. G. Stewart Introd. Study Dis. Nerv. Syst. xii. 194 We can say nothing with certainty as to the seat of the intelligence centre.

1945 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 21 Feb. 10/4 The course lasts eight weeks here, followed by four weeks of specialization on Germany, and 10 weeks at the big allied intelligence center in England.

1986 M. J. Kruse Nursing Neurolog. & Neurotrauma Patient ii. 15 Performing all mental functions, it [sc. the cerebral cortex] is considered the intelligence center.

2009 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 9 Nov. 4 People living near the Benhall listening post have complained that employees at the intelligence centre are leaving their cars in residential streets before walking to work.

intelligence department n. a department of a state organization or of a military or naval service whose purpose is to obtain information, esp. by means of secret service officers or spies.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > political police > [noun] > secret service or police

secret service1737

intelligence department1794

secret police1823

security service1918

S.S.1933

S.I.S.1939

intel1961

trade1966

1794 Britannic Mag. 2 425/1 Macleod of the intelligence department; and harcarrahs (native guides or spies) who had been within the enemy's lines, were sent both to these and the left column.

1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 573/1 The Intelligence Department [of the Army]..under a Deputy-Adjutant-General.

1928 W. S. Maugham Ashenden i. 2 The Colonel..was known in the Intelligence Department..by the letter R.

2008 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 22 June Our military and intelligence departments will become the next feast for the trial lawyers.

intelligence office n. chiefly U.S. (a) a place where information may be obtained, esp. (in earlier use) regarding the appointment of domestic servants (now historical); (b) in later use = intelligence department n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > with specific responsibility

intelligence office1659

custom house1661

secret service1737

home department1782

home office1790

War Department1797

port authority1851

W.D.1855

welfare department1904

welfare1928

social services1968

1659 Particular Advice from Office of Intelligence No. 41. 474 Enquire at Mr. Coniers a Shoe-maker in the Old-Bayly, or at the Intelligence Office.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iii. 28 Berosus set up his Intelligence-Office at Coos.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 16 I proposed to myself to proceed..to an intelligence-office... There I counted on getting information of any place that such a country-girl as I might be fit for.

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 31 Much like Intelligence Offices, being large rooms partly occupied by ranges of forms.

1936 E. Phillips Oppenheim Ask Miss Mott iv. 107 Do I run an Intelligence Office for nothing? I simply said that you were my uncle.

2004 9/11 Comm. Rep. (National Comm. Terrorist Attacks U.S.) xi. 345 In early August 1999, the FAA's Civil Aviation Security intelligence office summarized the Bin Ladin hijacking threat.

intelligence tester n. Psychology a person who devises or gives an intelligence test (intelligence test n. (b)).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > act of testing > [noun] > setter of tests

mental tester1917

intelligence tester1919

1919 H. Woodrow Brightness & Dullness in Children 16 The intelligence tester needs, in addition to his technical skill, a knowledge of intelligence in all its aspects and relations.

1972 J. L. Dillard Black Eng. i. 28 Some intelligence testers..have suffered from lack of valid information about Black English in standard sources on American dialects.

1996 Jrnl. Accounting Educ. 14 6 The intelligence tester may not test a dimension which is not related to intelligence (e.g., height) and include it as part of an overall assessment of intelligence.

intelligence testing n. Psychology the act or process of giving intelligence tests (intelligence test n. (b)).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > act of testing > [noun]

intelligence testing1914

mental testing1916

1914 G. M. Whipple tr. W. Stern Psychol. Methods of Testing Intelligence Introd. p. vi The peculiarity of the psychological methods of intelligence testing.

1958 New Statesman 20 Dec. 877/1 Intelligence testing..grew to its present stature because its value was recognised in the world of education and child welfare.

2008 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 16 May 12 Not everyone is convinced that rocketing IQs should be taken as anything other than proof of the unreliability of intelligence testing itself.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	intelligence
释义	intelligencen. Brit. /ɪnˈtɛlᵻdʒ(ə)ns/, U.S. /ᵻnˈtɛlədʒ(ə)ns/ Forms: Middle English–1500s intelligens, Middle English–1500s intellygens, Middle English–1600s intellygence, Middle English– intelligence, 1500s intellingence (probably transmission error), 1500s–1600s inteligence, 1500s–1600s intellegence, 1600s intiligence, 1700s intteligence (rare), 1700s inttelligence (rare); Scottish pre-1700 intellegens, pre-1700 intelligens, pre-1700 intellygence, pre-1700 1700s– intelligence. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French intelligence; Latin intelligentia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French intelligence faculty of understanding, intellect (c1174 in Old French), understanding, comprehension (c1370), spiritual intelligent being (1370), understanding (between parties), agreement (1476; frequently with qualifying adjective, e.g. in bonne intelligence , mauvaise intelligence ), communication of information, especially of confidential information (c1500; frequently in plural intelligences ), capacity to understand (1559), highly intelligent person, intellectual (1749), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin intellegentia, intelligentia action or faculty of discerning or understanding, comprehension, degree of understanding, intelligence, intellectual keenness, cleverness, understanding in a special field, discernment, idea, concept, notion, in post-classical Latin also intelligent being (5th cent. in Augustine), spiritual being, incorporeal being, angel (from c1200 in British sources), understanding (between parties), agreement (late 15th cent. in a British source) < intellegent- , intellegēns intelligent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹: see -ence suffix Compare intellect n.Compare Catalan intel·ligència (15th cent.), Spanish inteligencia (second half of the 13th cent. as †intelligençia , Portuguese inteligência (14th cent. as jntelligencia ), Italian intelligenzia (mid 13th cent. as †inteligentia ; also †intelligentia , †intelligenza , etc.). The sense ‘piece of confidential information or news’ (compare senses 6a, 6b) is apparently first recorded in French only in Cotgrave (1611) and shows a calque on English; sense 6c is unparalleled in French. 1. The faculty of understanding; intellect. Also as a count noun: a mental manifestation of this faculty, a capacity to understand. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > [noun] i-witc888 anyitOE witOE thoughtOE inwitc1305 intention1340 mindc1384 understandingc1384 intentc1386 intelligencec1390 intellecta1398 minda1398 understanda1400 intellectionc1449 ingeny1477 intellectivec1484 mind-sight1587 intellectual1598 notion1604 intelligency1663 mental1676 nous1678 grasp1683 thinker1835 Geist1871 noesis1881 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] witOE understandinga1050 intention1340 intendmentc1374 knowledgea1387 intelligencec1390 conceitc1405 intellect?a1475 perceiverancea1500 perceiverationa1500 receipta1500 intendiment1528 reach1542 apprehension1570 toucha1586 understandingnessa1628 apprehensivenessa1639 ingenuity1651 comprehensiona1662 intelligibility1661 intelligency1663 uptake1816 c1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 902) viii. l. 2976* (MED) He which withinne dayes sevene..thilke intelligence In mannes soule resonable Enspired, to himself semblable. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 257 It excedyth myn intellygens. 1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 255 A stonie coldnesse hath benumbd the sence..And dimd with darknesse their intelligence. 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 40 These darke Enigmaes..passe my dullard braines intelligence. 1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. v. xiv. 313 'Tis plain..that an Intelligence, by that one rarefactive Vertue, can operate whatever is to be done by Bodies. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 158 To say, this Polary direction proceeds from itself, is to put a Soul, or Intelligence, at least, into the Stone. 1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 255 His frequent references to history..shew an intelligence perpetually on the wing, excursive, vigorous, and diligent. 1784 E. Allen Reason i. §3. 36 Through the intelligence of our own souls we may have something of a prospective idea of the divine perfections. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iv. 59 There being no difference, as far as argument is concerned, between an intelligence which is not exerted, and an intelligence which does not exist. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 4 He is led to the conception of a Power and an Intelligence superior to his own. 1861 J. Remy & J. L. Brenchley Journey to Great-Salt-Lake City II. iii. ii. 89 Man..differs more from animals by his intelligence than he resembles them by his body. 1916 P. Colum in Mother Earth June 505 With a will and an intelligence that would have brought him to the easy chair and the good bank account, he refused to leave his comrades. 1962 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 13 The bustling homo-sapiens was becoming homo-sedentarius, a quiet animal who sat and used his intelligence to push buttons and pull switches. 1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 19 Jan. 21/2 The heart Ms. Freeman is writing about is..the seat of intelligence and emotion. †2. A branch of knowledge. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > [noun] craftOE lorec1290 cunning1340 facultyc1384 sciencea1387 intelligencea1393 disciplinea1398 masterya1425 learning1570 skill1570 doctrine1594 ism1680 ology1811 ography1828 sophya1843 osophy1851 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 176 Mathematique of his science Hath yit the thridde intelligence Full of wisdom and of clergie And cleped is Geometrie. 3. The action or fact of mentally apprehending something; understanding, knowledge, comprehension (of something). Also (now rare): an act of mental comprehension. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension > of something intelligencec1429 sense1483 understanding1548 resentmenta1638 sensationa1659 conception1796 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3702 To whayme..Crist gaf..Grace of the Haly Gast and eke of tonges intelligence. ?c1530 Crt. of Love 5 I write, as he that none intelligence Of metres hath, ne floures of sentence. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. vii. f. 18^v It helpis vs to y^e trew intelligence of y^e scripture. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1095 If without the said good, it is not possible to conceive and imagine the indifference respective to that which is not good; much lesse the intelligence of good things yeeldeth any cogitation unto them, who had not before some prenotion of the good. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 2 God doth not reason..but with one simple apprehension, or intelligence he knowes all things. 1702 Excellency Human Understanding 20/2 If Reason was not to lead us in the intelligence of Scripture, how could we understand any one Text? 1791 H. More Estimate Relig. Fashionable World 75 A disposition to enjoy them, arising from an intelligence of their nature, and a reverence for their value. a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III v, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 243/1 Of lakes he had intelligence, He knew something of heath, and fell. 1846 M. Fuller Papers on Lit. & Art ii. 22 What happiness for the critic when..his task is, mainly, how to express a cordial admiration; to indicate an intelligence of beauties, rather than regret for defects! 1925 R. Jeffers Roan Stallion, Tamar & Other Poems 20 Useless intelligence of far stars, dim knowledge of the spinning demons that make an atom. 1940 A. Tate Ess. Four Decades (1970) 210 Literature is the complete knowledge of man's experience, and by knowledge I mean that unique and formed intelligence of the world of which man alone is capable. 2002 L. D'Isanto tr. G. Vattimo After Christianity ii. 28 The spiritual intelligence of Scripture is above all the capacity to grasp the events narrated in the Bible as ‘figures’ of other historical events, rather than as parables. 4. Understanding as a quality admitting of degree; spec. quickness or superiority of understanding, sagacity. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [noun] i-witc888 anyitOE understandinga1050 ferec1175 skillwisenessa1200 quaintisec1300 brainc1325 cunning1340 reder1340 cunningnessa1400 sentencec1400 intelligence?1435 speculation1471 ingeny1474 cunningheadc1475 capacity1485 pregnancyc1487 dexterity1527 pregnance?1533 shift1542 wittiness1543 ingeniousness1555 conceitedness1576 pate1598 conceit1604 ingeniosity1607 dexterousness1622 talent1622 ingenuousness1628 solertiousnessa1649 ingenuity1651 partedness1654 brightness1655 solerty1656 prettiness1674 long head1694 long lega1705 cleverness1755 smartness1800 cleverality1828 brain power1832 knowledgeability1834 braininess1876 cerebrality1901 ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 636 (MED) God the ffulfille with intelligence And with a spyryt off goostly sapience. ?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 He sparis no lord for his piscence, Na clerk for his intelligence. c1510 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) sig. a.ii O man deuoyde of intellygence Open thyn eeres vnto my call and cry. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. Ep. f. 2^v That some learned Englishe man of good intelligence would..confute such errors. 1639 G. Digby in G. Digby & K. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 112 Accepting alike the Faith resultant from the dark mists of the Ignorant, and from the clearest intelligence of the Learned. 1663 J. D. tr. H. de Péréfixe de Beaumont Hist. Henry IV iii. 333 Either through the negligence of the Overseers, or through the little intelligence, or rather impatience of the French..this work was discontinued. 1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 14 We can proceed with confidence, because we can proceed with intelligence. 1793 A. Dalzel Hist. Dahomy i. viii. 44 When any difference or difficulty arose, he interfered, as a moderator, with no less intelligence than politeness. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 350/1 Baron Cuvier..observes [of elephants] that..he never found their intelligence surpass that of a dog nor of many other carnivorous animals. 1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §202 The Common Seal..is readily domesticated, and shows great intelligence and attachment to Man. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 428 It is clear that intelligence has ever proved itself superior to ignorance. 1925 E. F. Norton in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 39 He must be a good-class man of some intelligence. 1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. ii. xxxvi. 9/1 Many children with mild cerebral palsy require no medical treatment and, if they are of average intelligence, should be considered as normal children. 1990 J. Green Whales & Dolphins Coloring Bk. 34 The killer whale displays intelligence as high and social behaviour as complex as any other dolphin. 2005 C. N. Murphy Global Inst., Marginalization & Devel. vii. 115 Moynihan came to the United Nations as a man of great intelligence and vision. 5. a. An intelligent or rational being, esp. a spiritual one, or one alien to humankind. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] ghostOE spiritc1350 minda1398 sprite?1440 intelligencea1456 esperite1477 intelligency1582 genio1590 geniusa1592 ethereal1610 spirituality1628 supernatural1660 jynx1662 duende1691 atua1769 nat1819 demon1822 Wandjina1938 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. ii. 60 Spiritis þat beþ also iclepid intelligencie [L. intelligentie] beþ ful of schappis and liknes, þat nediþ to haue knowlech and konnynge.] a1456 J. Lydgate Invocation St. Anne (BL Add.) l. 4 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 130 (MED) Þou first moeuer..Having þe lordship of eche Intelligence, Destille adoune þy gracious Influence. 1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties sig. ¶vii^v Chiefly standeth his minde in contemplation of immortall, & perdurable thinges... Ye order, course..influence of sonne, moone, and sterres it obserueth: conceiueth intelligences, aungels, soules, and fourmes immaterial. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iii. 4 The diuine intelligences or good Angels. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 181 How fully hast thou satisfi'd mee, pure Intelligence of Heav'n, Angel serene. View more context for this quotation 1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature 53 The School Philosophers..teach, the Cœlestial Orbs to be moved or guided by Intelligences, or Angels. 1710 tr. P. Jurieu Pract. Devotion i. iv. 23 In the Intelligible World there are Beauties Created, which are nevertheless Eternal, i.e. such as shall never have an end. Such are the Celestial Intelligences, the Angels and Archangels. 1756 T. Nugent tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws (1758) I. i. i. 1 The intelligences superior to man have their laws. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More I. 11 A correspondent degree of wickedness may effect a communion with evil Intelligences. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. iii. 50 Man as a thinking and cognitive intelligence. 1915 A. T. De Mattos tr. M. Maeterlinck Unknown Guest iii. 179 It stumbles against the same difficulties as the spirits or other alien intelligences uselessly foretelling the event which they cannot prevent. 1979 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. 11/1 Scientists have argued that..the radio water-hole will be the most logical communications medium for intelligences across the universe. 2001 T. Zahn Angelmass 147 The angels are alien intelligences..either separately or together, as part of some kind of hive mind. b. An embodiment of intelligence or understanding; a highly intelligent person. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [noun] > intelligent person wit1508 callent1637 intelligent1640 headpiece1647 intelligence1648 long head1744 intellect1842 sharpshins1883 brain1914 brain-box1942 brainiac1975 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > intellectual superiority > [noun] > intellectual person illuminate1602 intellectualist1605 intelligence1648 intellectual1652 aerialist1778 intellect1842 intellectuality1863 cerebralist1890 highbrow1898 longhair1920 egghead1952 boffin1954 boff1984 1648 Mercurius Veridicus No. 1. sig. A3^v Cheynell their chiefe Intelligence and Mouer is come for London, to be enabled to do them more mischiefe. 1775 M. O. Warren Group 1 (heading) As lately acted, and to be re-acted to the wonder of all superior intelligences, nigh head-quarters at Amboyne. 1843 Church of Eng. Q. Rev. Jan. 4 Great men, vast intelligences arose, who purified and elaborated their former crude notions in a definite principle into a general and accepted, organized religion. 1931 S. Putnam tr. J. Cassou in S. Putnam et al. European Caravan I. 299 Gerardo Diego, formerly one of the founders of the Ultraist movement, and one of the finest intelligences that there is. 1962 F. G. Wilson Theory Public Opinion ii. vi. 127 To the extent that the superior intelligences are subjected to crowd influence, they are alike subject to political error. 2002 R. P. Smith Other Face of Public Television 315 One of the century's foremost intelligences, J. Robert Oppenheimer advised institutionalization of an alliance between the artist and the university. 6. a. Knowledge concerning events communicated by or obtained from another; information, news; spec. information of military value. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] kithc900 avaymentc1315 learningc1386 information1390 knowledgea1398 witteringa1400 witting1417 advicec1425 hearinga1450 understanding1473 intelligence?a1475 intellectionc1475 wit1487 instructiona1535 myance1552 fact1566 aviso1589 facts and figures1727 tell1823 message1828 renseignement1841 khubber1878 dope1901 lowdown1905 info1907 poop1911 oil1915 score1938 gen1940 intel1961 scam1964 ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 116 (MED) The Aungel Gabryel Apperyd hym to; þat hese wyff xulde conseyve, he ȝaff hym intelligence. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxvi. 190 We anone to our lady Pacience Will geve of you perfyte intelligence. 1576 A. Golding tr. Edict Frenche Kinge xxviii. 27 As for all controuersies concerning the fines & raunsomes..we reserue them to ourselues..forbidding all our Officers and Magistrates to..take vpon them any iurisdiction, intelligence, or information of the matter. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ix. iii. 700 I suspend [belief], till some eye-intelligence of some of our parts haue testified the truth. 1645 T. Fairfax Let. to W. Lenthall conc. Sherborn Castle 15 Aug. 7 I will neither directly nor indirectly give (or so far as in me lieth) suffer to be given any intelligence, advice or information to the Army. 1695 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. (1699) 5 These were the Men from whom Cæsar drew his best Intelligence concerning the Country. 1714 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c24 Sept. (1965) I. 226 I fear her Inttelligence is not at all to be depended on. 1758 G. Coade Let. Right Honourable W.P. 126 He became quite raving mad, and instantly turn'd off Louvois..for not having procured better and more early Intelligence. 1799 G. Harris Diary 4 Apr. in Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 24 If our intelligence is true, his [sc. Tippoo Sultaun's] whole army are in a complete state of terror. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. v. 485 Intelligence poured in from all quarters, that one place after another was assailed. a1827 J. Poole Gloss. in T. P. Dolan & D. Ó Muirithe Dial. Forth & Bargy (1996) 67 Tellgence, talligence, tidings, news, ‘intelligence’. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. xlix. 29 The most accurate source of intelligence in all matters of public interest. 1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood xiii. 214 We were deceived by false intelligence—it was Traquair's doing, for which some day he will get my steel in his wame. 1974 Times 15 Jan. 14/3 The first question that everybody asked was why the intelligence of the Arab armies massing on the borders..was misread? 2004 New Yorker 24 May 39/2 The intelligence would be relayed to the SAP command center in the Pentagon..and sifted for those pieces of information critical to the ‘white’, or overt, world. †b. A piece of information or news. Frequently in plural. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > piece of somewhatc1175 communication1481 informationa1527 intelligence1570 adviso1591 intelligencies1623 data1645 footnote1711 steer1899 mail1975 1570 T. Norton Disclosing of Great Bull sig. C i Some be wakened with very wisperinges, as with secret rumors and intelligences. 1592 T. Henage Let. in H. Unton Corr. (1847) 268 The busines of procuringe the intelligences of the world. 1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa IV. ii. vi. 573 The just Gods..have sent me an Intelligence. 1682 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 231 For the suppressing all the weekly intelligences and other libells. 1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. xi. 147 The Keeper [of the Paper Office] hath in his Charge all the publick Papers..all Letters, Intelligences, Negotiations of the Queen's publick Ministers abroad. 1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins II. xi. 122 I sent for Nasgig to obtain some Intelligences I wanted to be informed of. 1820 Times 13 July 3/3 Many difficulties must eventually arise, from the want of those hints and intelligences which are to be derived from similar cases. c. The obtaining of information, esp. of military or political value; espionage. Also (esp. in later use): the agency for obtaining such information; the people employed in such an agency, secret service. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] spying1338 espying1340 espialc1386 espyc1386 spyc1450 especiala1500 spieryc1588 intelligence1602 worming1607 scouting1644 espionage1793 spyism1847 spydom1859 obbo1933 great game1936 spooking1977 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G2 When will the Duke holde feed Intelligence, Keepe warie obseruation in large pay? 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 240 We have here the worst intelligence, of any Instruments that any Prince in Christendome doth imploy in so waighty a businesse. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 70 Secretary Morris did this day in the House..say that he was allowed but 700l a year for intelligence. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vi. 133 To land some Men purposely to get Prisoners for intelligence. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Pinnace,..a small Vessel, with a Square Stern, going with Sails and Oars, and carrying three Masts;..used as a Scout for Intelligence, and for Landing of Men. 1797 G. Baker tr. Livy Hist. Rome I. iv. 416 Scouts were instantly despatched for intelligence, who brought accounts, that the generals and the army were at Tusculum. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose in Tales of my Landlord IV. x. 218 I..met with Ian of Glenroy, who had been out for intelligence. Argyle is moving upon Inverlochy with three thousand chosen men. 1850 Hansard Commons 16 Apr. 414 The reason why the Times and other papers were charged so high as 5d...was that they put themselves to an immense expense for intelligence. 1915 R. Kipling France at War 21 The Intelligence with its stupefying photo-plans of the enemy's trenches. 1949 A. Christie Crooked House xii. 95 A person who has something to hide can't really afford to talk at all. The blokes knew that in Intelligence during the war. 1974 Listener 31 Jan. 142/1 Tizard has managed to get it through that someone should be seconded to British Intelligence for a while. 1986 D. Potter Singing Detective vi. 229 We're supposed to be in Intelligence, aren't we? 2001 Times 12 Sept. (Terror in Amer. Suppl.) 12/3 We work closely with them, both militarily and in terms of intelligence and we will do everything that we can to assist the US in bringing these people to justice. 7. a. Exchange of knowledge, information, opinion, etc.; mutual conveyance of information; communication, esp. of confidential information. Now chiefly with with (an enemy, etc.). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > [noun] > of a secret nature intelligence1523 intelligency1598 correspondence1639 1523 T. More Let. 23 Sept. in J. Delcourt Essaie langue Sir Thomas More (1914) 337 And as for thintelligence that thempero^r wryteth of to his embassiato^r here that he hath in Guyen w^t hope to attayne certayne townys. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiii. sig. gvi^v Also intelligence is nowe vsed for an elegant worde, where there is mutuall treaties or appoyntementes, eyther by letters or message. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) ix. 62 Ane prince of athenes callit circisus..hed secret intelligens vitht xerxes kyng of perse. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Dan. xi. 30 He shal euen returne, & haue intelligence with them that forsake the holie couenant. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. viii. §6. 141 That they might repaire to each other, and keepe intelligence by River. 1637 W. Alexander Doomes-day vii. c. 162 in Recreations with Muses Of these brave sprits..The tongues of Time, interpreting the dead, Who entertaine intelligence 'twixt States By registring all what was famous made. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 192 [Constellations] as they came from hence, With us may hold Intelligence. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Feb. (1965) I. 306 They took it into their heads..he was of intteligence with the Enemy. 1720 D. Manley Power of Love iv. 250 They were of Intelligence together. 1815 Times 27 Nov. 2/5 M. the Baron Pasquier, the first witness for the defendant..justified M. the Count Lavalette against the charge of having held intelligence with Buonaparte. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 240 Denunciations of..the barbarity of these..who were accused of secret intelligence and confederacy with the Mahommedans. 1933 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 13 86 There was a third class of offenses: stealing, perjury, false official statements, cowardice, holding intelligence with the enemy and plundering. 1961 P. de Vomécourt Army of Amateurs x. 111 I was also charged with possessing a radio, arms, explosives; of having blown up ships; of having intelligence with the enemy. 2007 C. Fournet Crime of Destr. & Law of Genocide iii. ix. 120 If numerous trials were held in the aftermath of the Second World War, they were based on Article 75 of the French Penal Code, which dealt with the crimes of treason and of intelligence with the enemy. †b. spec. Communication of esp. confidential information by a secret agent, ambassador, etc.; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > private intelligence1549 air1622 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 112 This knowlage came through intelligence, that the frenche ambassadour had with one of the Uenetian Secretaries, who through corrupcion of money, disclosed all the procedynges of the priuie counsaile. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1372/1 Diuerse aduertisements thereof sent..by other good meanes and intelligences from hir ambassadors and seruants residing in other countries. 1695 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. 565 He practis'd private Intelligences in the Danish Court. 1757 New Hist. Eng. II. 317 It was pretended that Satisfaction should be given for the secret Intelligence which the last Ambassadors from the States had held with the late King, during the Civil War. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XII. 736/2 Granmont endeavoured to pacify her, and to extenuate his royal master's conduct on the plea of expediency, and want of intelligence with the former ambassadors. 8. A basis of communication or a relation between people or parties; an understanding between or with. Frequently with modifying word, as good, bad, etc. Also in extended use. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > between persons, communities, etc. relationc1485 correspondency1588 intelligence1597 correspondence1599 necessitude1612 correlation1649 connection1768 belongingness1854 association1882 intercommunalism1971 1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 5 That ill intelligence that we many times see between great personages. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F3 The Sciences..which haue had better intelligence..with the imagination..than with..reason, are..Astrologie, Naturall Magicke, and Alcumy. View more context for this quotation 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 146 Intestine discord between the King and his Barons, bad intelligence with Neighbour-Princes. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Intelligence,..the Union and Amity between two or more Persons that rightly understand one another. 1740 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) VII. 107 He sent an embassy..to renew the good intelligence between them. 1772 tr. A. de La Roche-Guihen Hist. Female Favourites 271 She still saw, with vexation, a good intelligence between the king and her relation. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VIII. xv. 405 Having made truce with Joachim..it was to last no longer than his good intelligence with her ally. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 140 Shall I not have intelligence with the earth? Am I not partly leaves and vegetable mould myself? 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xxvi. 446 He had too much lustiness of mind..to be capable of living on terms of close intelligence with the..statesmen of Berlin. 1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. 27 76 Morville..showed sensible pleasure saying that nothing could be more agreeable to France than to see Great Britain and Prussia more closely united, and that he himself had done his best to procure a good intelligence between them. 1955 Mod. Philol. 53 123/1 In ‘Portrait of a Lady’..the reader holds intelligence with the man in the case, though..it is the woman who is the active partner in the relationship. Compounds C1. (In sense 6.) intelligence agency n. ΚΠ 1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (new ed.) III. 49/1 It has a handsome capitol building,..the usual charitable and secret orders, penitentiary, a State intelligence agency, 9 newspapers [etc.]. 1948 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 42 496 The name check..is required to..be made against not only the files of the FBI and of the Commission, but also those of the military intelligence agencies. 2006 Sydney Morning Herald 14 Jan. 25/2 Spy chiefs from the CIA, MI6 and Europe's intelligence agencies sent their senior officers to Tel Aviv to study the debriefing reports. intelligence agent n. ΚΠ 1844 Green's St. Louis Directory for 1845 32 Byrne John J, land and intelligence agent. a1854 E. Grant Mem. Highland Lady (1988) II. xxiii. 152 He must have had a staff of intelligence Agents all along the road. 1901 Times 3 June 10/5 It is gratifying to note that far more practical use than hitherto is being made of the Kaffir as an intelligence agent. 2007 Wired May 125/1 Eavesdropping intelligence agents know that not every mention of airplanes and bombs constitutes a terrorist plot. intelligence analyst n. ΚΠ 1942 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. 9/4 Assistant intelligence analyst, $2,600, a member of the American League for Peace and Democracy. 2005 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 69 883 To this reviewer—who served with NSA as an intelligence analyst..—this book is incredible, and ought to serve as a cautionary tale. intelligence bureau n. ΚΠ 1869 Catholic World Feb. 706/1 If..appeal be made to it, it may act either by the exercise of its own faculties, or as the trustee of social goods; a mutual intelligence bureau of higher grade than our ordinary business offices. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 24 Sept. 5/2 (France) Colonel Picquart then presided over the spy department, known in polite language as the Intelligence Bureau. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 16/1 Henry Liu was murdered..by members of the crime syndicate known as the ‘Bamboo Gang’, which worked in complicity with the Intelligence Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense. intelligence brief n. ΚΠ 1956 R. L. Garthoff in B. H. L. Hart Red Army xxiii. 269 Intelligence briefs (‘svodki’) are regularly distributed to regional field commands. 2008 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 235/1 I had overheard an intelligence brief over the battalion net that local insurgents had spent $20,000 to buy four SA-IS heat-seeking missiles. intelligence briefing n. ΚΠ 1943 Atlanta Constit. 17 Aug. 10/2 Each bomber had been assigned a different bombing altitude at the intelligence briefing. 2004 F. Lawrence Not on Label ii. 39 Intelligence briefings on gangmasters have included details of the Azerbaijani Stanley signature. intelligence capability n. ΚΠ 1960 Operations Res. 8 167 The asymmetry between the Soviet ‘lead-time’ and intelligence capabilities and ours requires that we concede the Communists a great advantage. 1990 CIO Nov. 76/2 Building an effective intelligence capability depends on the company. 2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 33/1 After 9/11, Americans had good reason to assume the nation's intelligence capabilities were being improved. intelligence corps n. ΚΠ 1885 Times 6 Apr. 3/2 An intelligence corps has been formed of 50 land surveyors familiar with the North-West country, and they will be sent out forthwith to gather information. 1974 P. McCutchan Call for Simon Shard xiv. 132 Hedge had been in the war, a captain in the Intelligence Corps. 2004 Healthy Sept.–Oct. 46/3 The lymphocytes..act like an intelligence corps, identifying invaders as soon as they appear and preparing powerful weapons against them. intelligence dossier n. ΚΠ 1945 Hist. IX Engineer Command Annex VI. 213 Intelligence Dossiers on airfields in France, Germany, Belgium and Holland. 2004 Smithsonian Apr. 75/1 Gilligan lacked the evidence he needed to back his claim that Blair's staff had ‘sexed up’ an intelligence dossier. intelligence-gathering adj. and n. ΚΠ 1917 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Apr. 7/6 The specials will form the nucleus of a general intelligence gathering association. 1918 Dial 28 Mar. 266 (advt.) The author was delegated to the thrilling business of intelligence gathering. 1997 N.Y. Times 27 Dec. a8/5 Mr. Clinton has come to rely on their advice and intelligence-gathering abilities across the spectrum of politics, policy and press strategy. 2006 J. Margulies Guantanamo & Abuse of Presidential Power i. 21 The Administration's vision of military intelligence-gathering is based on the ‘mosaic theory’. † intelligence giver n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) iii. viii. 109 Was the examination of these traitors, and the proceedings vniust; because the names of the intelligence-giuers, were to this day suppressed? 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Intelligencier..an intelligence-giuer; a spy. 1754 T. Birch Mem. Reign Queen Elizabeth I. ii. 107 They were immediately imprison'd, and..ill treated on suspicion of being intelligence-givers. intelligence man n. ΚΠ 1855 N.-Y. Daily Times 26 July 3 The ‘Intelligence’ man welcomes them as their best friend. 1930 Publishers' Weekly 5 July 11 Those lone daredevils of No Man's Land, the scouts, snipers and intelligence men. 2008 Independent (Nexis) 6 May 34 He was the kind of intelligence man who swore an oath of secrecy when they joined and kept it. intelligence officer n. ΚΠ 1779 J. Wesley Let. 15 May (1931) VI. 344 I advise you to apply to two, three, or four intelligence officers with regard to Nancy. 1847 Trans. N.-Y. State Agric. Soc. 1846 6 33 A competent person, who could..take charge of your agricultural room; and..be an intelligence officer for the farmer, where he could communicate and receive all the agricultural information. 1914 R. Brooke in E. Marsh Rupert Brooke (1918) 132 Intelligence Officer in H.M.S. Vengeance. 2007 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 90/1 The appellation ‘Londonistan’, which apparently originated with a sarcastic remark by a French intelligence officer. intelligence operation n. ΚΠ 1898 Times 25 July 9/5 The intelligence operations are in the hands of Brevet Col. F. R. Wingate. 1949 World Politics 1 547 If all of Mr. Kent's reproofs were acted upon..the result would be an improvement in United States intelligence operations. 2004 New Yorker 9 Feb. 22/2 Senior Pentagon officials were running their own intelligence operation, the Office of Special Plans. intelligence operative n. ΚΠ 1917 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 3 May 10/4 The name of the intelligence operative who obtained this communication probably never will be known. 1946 Far Eastern Surv. 15 371/1 During the war he was planted as an intelligence operative. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 8 July i. 6/4 President Bush ordered a ‘surge’ of dozens of C.I.A. agents to Pakistan, hoping that an influx of intelligence operatives would lead to better information. intelligence operator n. ΚΠ 1949 T. Roscoe U.S. Submarine Operations ii. vii. 78/1 The support of Philippine guerillas, transportation of intelligence operators, establishment of lifeguard patrols,..—these were vitally important activities. 2008 Sun (Nexis) 3 Apr. 2008 (advt.) Recruit Victoria, 25, is an accountant—and a qualified military intelligence operator in the TA. intelligence report n. ΚΠ 1857 J. Outram Let. 12 Mar. in Persian Campaign (1860) II. 199 The said Commander-in-Chief..has full powers to negotiate (see intelligence report of yesterday). 1979 P. Cave Foxbat 29 I can't really go along with these performance figures—not given our last intelligence reports on the MiG projects into the 80's. 2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) ii. 30 The Office of Special Plans, which mined intelligence reports for data to make the case that Saddam possessed weapons of mass destruction. intelligence service n. ΚΠ 1852 B. J. Lossing Pict. Field-bk. Revol. II. xxxi. 840 The disbursements were for reconnoitering and traveling, secret intelligence service, and miscellaneous expenses. 1930 B. Miall tr. Berndorff Espionage i. 16 At Nice..he continued to work for the French Intelligence Service. 2004 Washington Post 1 Feb. (Home ed.) b7/3 George W. Bush and Tony Blair are momentarily in the clear. But their intelligence services are left stuck in deep doo-doo. intelligence work n. ΚΠ 1878 Rep. Comm. Public Accts. 13/1 in Parl. Papers VIII. 1 We do not always know quite accurately whether they [sc. officers] are employed upon intelligence work or not. 1946 Liberty 25 May 54/1 The best spy stories of fiction are these tales of intelligence work in North Africa and Holland. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 June 28/3 He does flesh out the existing record on the extra-curricular aspects of Maugham's career: his intelligence work, which he touchingly called ‘sleuthing’. C2. intelligence assessment n. (a) Psychology an assessment of a person's intelligence (cf. intelligence test n. (b)); (b) an evaluation or analysis of military intelligence with regard to a particular enemy, threat, etc. ΚΠ 1919 Jrnl. Educ. Psychol. Dec. 501 The bias which familiarity seems to work in the judgment of any one in respect to the intelligence assessment of another. 1950 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 2 Apr. 14/5 Reliable sources said the plan was drawn up only after a most careful intelligence assessment of the Soviet Union's military production. 1999 Psychol. Inq. 10 57/2 One would probably have no qualms in asserting that one's intelligence assessment was based on one's IQ score. 2009 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 21 Sept. 22 Findings of a congressionally mandated review, as well as adjustments in the intelligence assessment of the missile threat from Iran, underpin the decision. intelligence centre n. (a) the part of the brain responsible for intelligence, spec. the cerebral cortex; (b) a facility devoted to the gathering or analysis of military intelligence. ΚΠ 1884 T. G. Stewart Introd. Study Dis. Nerv. Syst. xii. 194 We can say nothing with certainty as to the seat of the intelligence centre. 1945 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 21 Feb. 10/4 The course lasts eight weeks here, followed by four weeks of specialization on Germany, and 10 weeks at the big allied intelligence center in England. 1986 M. J. Kruse Nursing Neurolog. & Neurotrauma Patient ii. 15 Performing all mental functions, it [sc. the cerebral cortex] is considered the intelligence center. 2009 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 9 Nov. 4 People living near the Benhall listening post have complained that employees at the intelligence centre are leaving their cars in residential streets before walking to work. intelligence department n. a department of a state organization or of a military or naval service whose purpose is to obtain information, esp. by means of secret service officers or spies. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > political police > [noun] > secret service or police secret service1737 intelligence department1794 secret police1823 security service1918 S.S.1933 S.I.S.1939 intel1961 trade1966 1794 Britannic Mag. 2 425/1 Macleod of the intelligence department; and harcarrahs (native guides or spies) who had been within the enemy's lines, were sent both to these and the left column. 1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 573/1 The Intelligence Department [of the Army]..under a Deputy-Adjutant-General. 1928 W. S. Maugham Ashenden i. 2 The Colonel..was known in the Intelligence Department..by the letter R. 2008 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 22 June Our military and intelligence departments will become the next feast for the trial lawyers. intelligence office n. chiefly U.S. (a) a place where information may be obtained, esp. (in earlier use) regarding the appointment of domestic servants (now historical); (b) in later use = intelligence department n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > with specific responsibility intelligence office1659 custom house1661 secret service1737 home department1782 home office1790 War Department1797 port authority1851 W.D.1855 welfare department1904 welfare1928 social services1968 1659 Particular Advice from Office of Intelligence No. 41. 474 Enquire at Mr. Coniers a Shoe-maker in the Old-Bayly, or at the Intelligence Office. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iii. 28 Berosus set up his Intelligence-Office at Coos. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 16 I proposed to myself to proceed..to an intelligence-office... There I counted on getting information of any place that such a country-girl as I might be fit for. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 31 Much like Intelligence Offices, being large rooms partly occupied by ranges of forms. 1936 E. Phillips Oppenheim Ask Miss Mott iv. 107 Do I run an Intelligence Office for nothing? I simply said that you were my uncle. 2004 9/11 Comm. Rep. (National Comm. Terrorist Attacks U.S.) xi. 345 In early August 1999, the FAA's Civil Aviation Security intelligence office summarized the Bin Ladin hijacking threat. intelligence tester n. Psychology a person who devises or gives an intelligence test (intelligence test n. (b)). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > act of testing > [noun] > setter of tests mental tester1917 intelligence tester1919 1919 H. Woodrow Brightness & Dullness in Children 16 The intelligence tester needs, in addition to his technical skill, a knowledge of intelligence in all its aspects and relations. 1972 J. L. Dillard Black Eng. i. 28 Some intelligence testers..have suffered from lack of valid information about Black English in standard sources on American dialects. 1996 Jrnl. Accounting Educ. 14 6 The intelligence tester may not test a dimension which is not related to intelligence (e.g., height) and include it as part of an overall assessment of intelligence. intelligence testing n. Psychology the act or process of giving intelligence tests (intelligence test n. (b)). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > act of testing > [noun] intelligence testing1914 mental testing1916 1914 G. M. Whipple tr. W. Stern Psychol. Methods of Testing Intelligence Introd. p. vi The peculiarity of the psychological methods of intelligence testing. 1958 New Statesman 20 Dec. 877/1 Intelligence testing..grew to its present stature because its value was recognised in the world of education and child welfare. 2008 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 16 May 12 Not everyone is convinced that rocketing IQs should be taken as anything other than proof of the unreliability of intelligence testing itself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † intelligencev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: intelligence n. Etymology: < intelligence n. With sense 2 compare earlier intelligencing adj. 1. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To bring news or intelligence of (an event, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > give information about wisc1000 inform?a1425 partake1561 intelligence1593 report1797 wish1818 tip1883 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 34^v Thy little soule to Heauen must be sent, to intelligence the calamity of Ierusalem. b. transitive. To bring news or information to (a person); to inform. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person) to teach a person a thingc888 meanOE wiseOE sayOE wittera1225 tellc1225 do to witc1275 let witc1275 let seec1330 inform1384 form1399 lerea1400 to wit (a person) to saya1400 learn1425 advertise1431 givec1449 insense?c1450 instruct1489 ascertain1490 let1490 alighta1500 advert1511 signify1523 reform1535 advise1562 partake1565 resolve1568 to do to ware1594 to let into one's knowledge1596 intellect1599 possess1600 acquainta1616 alighten1615 recommenda1616 intelligence1637 apprise1694 appraise1706 introduce1741 avail1785 prime1791 document1807 to put up1811 to put a person au fait of1828 post1847 to keep (someone) straight1862 monish1866 to put next to1896 to put (one) wise (to)1896 voice1898 in the picture1900 to give (someone) a line on1903 to wise up1905 drum1908 hip1932 to fill (someone) in on1945 clue1948 background1961 to mark a person's card1961 to loop in1994 society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > be informed of hearc950 witc1000 haveOE learnc1175 undergoc1290 takea1333 receivec1400 aherec1450 partakea1593 get1608 intelligence1637 to get wind of1809 to take away1839 1637 H. Wotton Let. 17 Jan. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) sig. f4 They were freshly intelligenced from thence. 1644 T. Case Gods Rising 5 Gedaliah, when Intelligenct by Jonathan..of a bloody massacre contrived against him. 2. intransitive. To convey news or intelligence; to tell tales. Cf. intelligencing adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give information [verb (intransitive)] meanOE telllOE to make reportc1425 wrayc1425 wrobc1425 lay1488 inform1569 intelligence1616 advertise1764 1616 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Scornful Ladie iii. sig. F4 If you stir farre in this, Ile haue you whipt, your eares nayl'd for intelligencing o'th pillory, and your goods forfeit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.c1390v.1593
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intelligencen.

Compounds

† intelligencev.