articulateadj.n.

Brit.

/ɑːˈtɪkjᵿlət/, U.S.

/ɑrˈtɪkjələt/

Forms: 1500s–1600s articulat, 1500s– articulate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin articulatus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin articulatus (of sound) distinct, intelligible (4th cent.), use as adjective of past participle of classical Latin articulāre (see articulate v.). In branches A. II. and A. III. after articulate v.In sense A. 8c after scientific Latin Articulata (Cuvier 1817: see Articulata n.). In grammatical use post-classical Latin articulatus translates Hellenistic Greek ἔναρθρος (see enarthrosis n.).

A. adj.

I. Clearly distinct or meaningful.

a. Of sound: consisting of clearly distinguishable parts (usually words and syllables) capable of conveying meaning. Also (of the voice, a person, etc.): (capable of) producing meaningful or intelligible sounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > [adjective]

significative?a1400

signifyingc1443

significate?a1475

articulate1531

significant1573

significatory1579

semiotic1797

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > able or given to speak

reasonablea1387

quick and queathing?a1475

articulate1531

extemporal1588

extemporanean1621

extemporizing1644

expressible1661

speakable1667

extemporaneous1812

extempore1817

1531 [implied in: T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. v. sig. Ciij^v Englishe..cleane, polite, perfectly and articulately pronounced. (at articulately adv. 1)].

1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier v. sig. Cvi For he that speaketh gyueth outwardely a sygne or token of his wyl by some articulate, playne & euidente sounde.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 127 Speech is made by aire beaten and framed with articulate and distinct sounde.

1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie i. iv. 28 Not in articulate, and plaine speech, but in grones.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 557 Beasts..Created mute to all articulat sound.

1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. x. 355 Who..talk..with articulate plain Voices, as if Men.

1794 J. Priestley Disc. Evid. Revealed Relig. iv. 89 The people seem to have removed to a considerable distance from the mountain before they heard any articulate words.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 185 Truly, it is a great thing for a Nation that it get an articulate voice.

1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost ix. 244 Secret whispers of sorrow..which may never be uttered in articulate and audible words.

1908 K. Grahame Wind in Willows vii. 141 They started at what seemed a sudden clear call from an actual articulate voice.

1951 W. P. Webb Great Frontier iv. 108 Unlike the ox, man is articulate.

1993 P. van Inwagen Metaphysics 12 For a logical positivist, a metaphysical question like ‘Why is there a World?’ is a mere piece of articulate noise.

b. Of an emotion or abstract concept: put into words; given linguistic expression, esp. fluently, lucidly, or intelligibly; frequently in to make articulate. In later use also: expressed in clear or eloquent language.

ΚΠ

1561 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 127 Thar wes ane condicional promys..mayd [at the] tym articulat.

c1647 J. Taylor Disc. Liberty of Prophesying i. 7 Whatsoever is expressed..is made articulate and explicate.

1847 National Preacher 21 207 His anguish becomes articulate, and he cries out, ‘Lord save, I perish!’

1880 H. James Hawthorne 87 Some of his companions..took..rather a gruesome view of his want of articulate enthusiasm.

1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xvi–xvii. 389 The Aufgabe of making it [sc. the notion] articulate was surely set to Hegel's intellect by mystical feeling.

1952 N. Coward Diary 16 June (2000) 195 A lot of articulate, generous praise and a mobbing by the crowd outside.

1992 Alternative Press Jan. 61/1 Compared to Chuck D's articulate rage and authoritative delivery, most rappers' shticks seem fixated at the junior high level.

c. Of a person: (capable of) engaging in lucid, fluent, or confident speech or self-expression; well-spoken, eloquent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [adjective] > having pleasing speech or eloquent

well-speakingOE

renablec1300

fair-speakinga1398

well-tonguedc1480

honey-mouthed1539

golden-mouthed1542

sweet-mouthed1542

fine-mouthed?1549

silver-tongued1592

silver1594

gold-mouthed1595

honey-tongued1595

nectar-tongued1596

tongue-gilt1608

feather-tongueda1618

chrysostomatical1623

dulciloquent1656

sweet-spoken1716

sweet-lipped1783

chrysostomic1816

smooth-spoken1821

superfluent1822

honey-lipped1833

nice spoken1852

articulate1892

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxiv, in Scribner's Mag. July 61/1 Mac was more articulate. ‘And you're what ye call a British sayman, I suppose?’

1934 N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Aug. 2/3 The Duce is an intensely articulate man.

1951 H. Arendt Burden of our Time i. ii. 31 Its most articulate spokesman..submitted a lengthy petition to the government.

1968 Ethnology 7 74 [He] is a very articulate man and speaks Zuni and English fluently.

2005 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 5 Apr. b1 She is lucid, articulate and a much-sought-after speaker at..conferences all over the world.

2. Of hearing, thought, intelligence, etc.: distinct, clear; indicating clear understanding.In quot. 1855 used of touch.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > [adjective]

sutelc897

openeOE

plaina1398

sada1400

familiar1509

facile1531

lightsome1532

well-determined1560

pervial1595

uncurious1601

articulate1603

distinct1609

unmisinterpretablea1631

dilucida1640

limpid1649

dilucidate1651

unmysterious1663

incurious1664

elucidatea1670

accessible1681

distinguished1700

dilucidated1759

unmistakable1822

black and white1838

clear-cut1843

square on1963

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct

sunderlyeOE

sundryOE

serec1175

proper1340

serelepesa1400

sundrylepesc1400

sunderlepesa1450

peculiar1509

several1533

unconfounded1577

well-distinguished1594

articulate1603

unconfused1609

inconfused1626

separate1691

demarcated1862

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1042 The matter sensible had before time no order at all,..and the faculty therein had neither expresse opinions articulate and distinct, nor her motions all..composed in order.

1626 S. D'Ewes in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) III. 217 The Byshopp saied in my articulate hearing.

1662 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) iii. vi. 100 To clear up this dim and cloudy discovery of Spirits, into more distinct and articulate Apparitions.

1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm v. 111 An articulate warning is issued.

1831 T. Carlyle Crit. & Misc. Ess. III. 4 The mere upper surface [of our Thinking] that we shape into articulate Thoughts.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 181 The discriminative or articulate character of the sense of touch.

1916 G. A. Coe Psychol. Relig. ix. 157 If the conversion experience includes consciousness of the presence of the Christian God, it is because Christian..ideas of God have already been acquired... Only so does articulate insight suddenly arise in any sphere.

1971 R. McKeon in Interrelations of Culture (Unesco) 16 Speech and articulate thought differentiate men from brutes.

2007 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Features) 13 Cerebral ponderings and articulate thoughts should be whipping my grey matter into a creative frenzy.

II. Consisting of or treated in articles.

†3. Specified or charged in the articles of an accusation before a court. Frequently as postmodifier. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [adjective] > accused or indicted > charged in specific articles

articulate1562

1562 in Registrum Matthei Parker (1928) II. 408 He never vttered any wordes to the saied Mistris Marie that shold induce any contracte of matrimonie betwene him and the same Mistris Mary either in the presence of the lords articulate or any other.

1563–4 in Parish Docs. York (1948) 213 And further [he] belevith that by the tyme articulate the said Edmound Robertes..has a chamber in Hull [etc.].

1569 J. Hawkins in E. Arber Eng. Garner (1882) (modernized text) V. 231 The articulate Sir William Garrard, Knight..and others joined with them in Society.

1603 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 4 iv. 129 Then Everard Wright spak all the words articulat of Contract on the womans part to be spoken as in the book of Common prayer.

c1674 Milton Papers I. 42 By all which words this respondent verily beleeveth that the said testator had given all his estate to the articulate Elizabeth his wife.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 66 If the defendant does not believe the Sum Articulate.

1774 C. Randle in H. Collet Office of Judge (?1775) xxii. 59 The said Edwd. Evanson may be subject to the Jurisdiction of the Court articulate.

4. Of a set of rules, a system of doctrine, an agreement, etc.: formulated or set out in articles; clearly structured.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adjective] > going into detail > set forth in detail

articled1545

articulate1579

articulated1611

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Bj^v [Did not] make any precedent pact or articulat condition aforehand with the Idolaters.

1607 T. Rogers Faith, Doctr., & Relig. 93 Neither tie wee the Church so strictly to the signes articulate.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 240 His Instructions were euer Extreame, Curious, and Articulate.

1898 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 8 397 The comparative study of primitive man discloses..an articulate customary law so thorough as to govern nearly every action.

a1909 G. C. Lodge Poems & Dramas (1911) II. 453 The mind's conception turns Chaos to cosmos, ignorance to truth, Force to the freedom of articulate laws.

1939 Jrnl. Philos. 36 300 The ‘articulate structure’ of this law is ‘X is-not non-X’.

1990 J. Waldron Law viii. 184 With formulated, articulate law, we can go a long way.

5. Mathematics. Of a number: that is a multiple of ten (cf. article n. 9). Now historical and rare.In quot. 1610 confused with digit n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > ten > [adjective]

tenc888

denec1420

articulate1646

decadal1753

1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories xxxii. 181 The first, and cheif, is the number of six, which..decreaseth in euery rancke to the base point, and produceth an Odde,..which no other articulate number can effect... The first of digit numbers is Ten.]

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 186 They accounted their digits and articulate numbers unto an hundred.

1707 tr. J. Monier de Clairecombe New & Universal Pract. Mercantile Arithm. i. i. 3 An Articulate Number, is that which ends in an 0, which in Arithmetical Calculations is call'd a Cypher; as 20, 30, 40, 500.

1834 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1833 340 Suppose k the order of the greatest articulate or subarticulate number immediately greater than this quotient.

1929 Jewish Q. Rev. 20 133 Degree, or power of ten, articulate number.

III. Relating to a joint or joints.

6. Attached or united by a joint. Cf. articulated adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 19 I will let you vnderstand, in what sort Occiput is Articulate vnto the ij. first Vertebres.

1596 E. Coote Eng. Schoole-maister 76/1 Articulate, iointed.

1680 W. Charleton Enq. Human Nature vi. 534 The motion of a Bone..is but an Elevation or Translation of it from its former position in a right line with the superior Bone to which it is articulate.

1757 J. Wood New Compend. Treat. Farriery Introd. p. iv All the Bones of the Body, except the Teeth, and these [read those] that are articulate to one another, are covered with a thin but close and strong Membrane, called Periosteum.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 467 Stipes not articulate with stock.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 5 The articulate ends of their centra.

1876 Proc. Royal Soc. 24 67 The structures are merely folds of the lip of the calicle, and are continuous with it and immovable, not movable separate articulate structures.

1906 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33 548 Calceolaria... Peduncles or pedicels one-flowered, solitary in the axis of the leaves or bracts,..articulate above the middle.

a. Distinctly jointed or marked; having the parts distinctly recognizable; distinctly constructed.

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 294 His [sc. a horse's] body..straight, and articulate.

1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 503 The outward Lineaments thus perfect and articulate in this Glorious Body.

1776 tr. R. E. Raspe Acct. some German Volcanos ii. §13. 48 The Irish basaltes in the Giants-causeway in the county of Antrim, appears in polygone articulate columns or prisms.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 254 A miserable horse, whose ribs were as articulate as the bars of a gridiron.

1914 A. H. Strong Pop. Lects. Bk. New Test. 12 The New Testament is peculiarly articulate. I might say that it has its articulate parts, and no two of those members have precisely the same office.

1925 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 36 362 What appears to us as a clear, articulate structure evidently seems to these animals like a tangled, intricate structure.

1991 Progressive Archit. Feb. 56/2 The auditorium's longitudinal sides..and proscenium arch wall..are articulate façades designed to evoke a typical Genovese piazza.

b. figurative. Of an immaterial thing: having or composed of distinctly recognizable parts. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] > having distinct parts

articulate1644

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiii. 208 I must note, that vnder the title of plants I include not zoophytes or plantanimals: that is such creatures as though they goe not from place to place,..yet in their partes, they haue a distinct and articulate motion.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 223 These Apocalyptick Visions..are made so as to seem very trim and express, very complete and articulate in the very outward Cortex.

1715 S. Switzer Nobleman, Gentleman, & Gardener's Recreation vi. 115 The Articulate Divisions of Pliny, of Plants into Nerves, Sinews, &c. will not come within the Limits of this Essay.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. i. 74 Added to the firm land of articulate History.

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) Introd. 14 The most articulate and important period of Florentine history.

1950 H. K. Smith State of Europe iv. 68 The imperial British unified its articulate part..under one language and one system of justice.

a. Composed of segments that are linked or united by joints; (Botany) having stems with distinct nodes. Cf. articulated adj. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > articulated segment

articulate1610

segmented1854

trans-segmental1890

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adjective] > jointed

jointed1413

articulated1571

gimmaled1596

articulate1610

huckled1614

well-articulated1663

joint1685

vertebrated1840

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiv. 526 Our articulate members [L. membra..articulata] doe not onely obey our will, our hands, or feete, or so, but euen those also that we mooue, but by small sinewes.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. 191 An articulate or jointed Bulb..consists of Lamellæ that are linked together; as in Lathræa, Martynia and Adoxa.

1785 J. Bolton Filices Britannicæ I. Introd. p. v The globes, or separate seed-vessels, are..surrounded with an articulate chain, or elastic ring.

1869 M. Somerville Molecular & Microsc. Sci. ii. ii. 180 Ceraminacea..are filiform articulate plants with the nucleus naked.

1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 95 Stems..provided in the upper part with brown, thick, simple, articulate and very caducous filaments.

1936 W. Seifriz Protoplasm xv. 256 The same striated and articulate structure of cellulose persists in bituminous coal.

1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 109/3 Asterophyllites is a genus of delicate articulate plants with a slender central stem and equally spaced nodes.

b. Zoology. Originally: designating a bivalve shell having the valves joined by a hinge comprising a number of interlocking projections or teeth; (of a hinge) of this kind. In later use: spec. belonging to the class Articulata of brachiopods characterized by such hinges.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of shell or parts of shell

testaceous1668

trivalvous1681

articulate1685

tabulous1734

concamerated1747

costated1751

ribbed1752

multivalve1753

umbilical1755

multivalved1759

trichite1765

right-handed1776

ventricose1777

unequivalved1788

sinistral1803

white-lipped1813

white-mouthed1815

turriculated1822

umbonial1824

turreted1826

siphunculated1828

columellar1829

sinistrorsal1830

canaliferous1834

spirivalve1835

turrited1835

versant1839

mitriform1843

paucispiral1843

turriculate1843

siphuncled1847

ventricous1850

camerated1851

convolute1851

perforated1851

parietal1854

septiferous1854

planorbiform1856

planorboid1856

trivalved1856

turrite1856

siphunculate1875

turriform1875

umbonic1877

costate1881

interlocular1888

varicated1891

lirate1894

evolute1896

1685 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis (new ed.) i. vi. ii. 153 (table) Shells. Double. Inarticulate... Articulate.

1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 242 A hinge is inarticulate when not set with any visible joints or teeth... Articulate when set with some few... Multarticulate, when set with many or a large number.

1793 W. Martin Fig. & Descr. Petrifactions Derbys. sig. A3^v (table) Conchyliolithus... Bivalves... Valves equal..articulate, or set with a few teeth.

1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 467 The genitalia in the articulate Brachiopoda are developed between the two membranes of which the inner wall of the pallial sinuses..is composed.

1925 P. Radin & V. C. C. Collum tr. E. Perrier Earth before Hist. iii. i. 221 A very large number of both nonarticulate and articulate species glue themselves to the rocks by means of one of their valves.

1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii. 250 Many new forms of corals and articulate brachiopods appeared and mollusca continued their slow rise in importance.

1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. ix. 63 The articulate brachiopods all lack an anus.

c. Zoology. Belonging to or characteristic of a major division of invertebrate animals having a bilaterally symmetrical body composed of jointed segments (e.g. arthropods, annelids); of or relating to the formal taxon Articulata corresponding to this division. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > subkingdom Articulata > [adjective]

articulate1830

articulated1831

1830 London Med. Gaz. 16 Oct. 70/2 This nerve is the link preserving the strict concordance of the nervous system, from the lowest articulate animals, through the various classes of vertebrata, to man.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 16 The Articulate types, composed of segments bearing limbs.

1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation I. iii. 52 The Articulate animals are characterized by their ventral nerve-chord.

1888 Amer. Anthropologist 1 135 Nature seems..to have exhausted the possibilities..of molluscan structure, for example, in its highest type the cuttle-fish, or of articulate structure in the honey-bee.

1901 N. S. Shaler Individual vi. 121 Comparing..the mechanical processes for the activities of the backboned animals with those of the articulate animals.

1985 Ann. Rev. Ecol. & Systematics 16 249 He [sc. von Baer] recognized four types of animal organization—radiate, articulate, molluscous, and vertebrate.

†9. Medicine. Affecting a joint or joints. Cf. articular adj. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [adjective]

articular?a1475

articulated1571

de-articulated1615

articulate1638

arthritical1646

de-articulate1650

articulous1684

articulating1691

articulary1773

interarticular1808

conjugational1853

intertrochlear1870

intra-articular1890

juxta-articular1900

1638 T. Whitaker Blood of Grape 75 The causes internall of these articulate paynes move upon one hinge of Hippocrates.

1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. xiv. 214 It [sc. gout] is almost only Articulate, or is in the space where the heads of two or more Bones meet together.

B. n. Zoology.

1. An invertebrate animal belonging to the major division Articulata. Cf. sense A. 8c. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > subkingdom Articulata > [noun] > member of

articulate1837

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvii. vii. 453 He did not admit the analogy between the skeleton of the vertebrates and the skin of the articulates.

1878 O. W. Holmes John Lothrop Motley: Mem. xix. 152 Annalists will pile up facts for ever like so many articulates or mollusks or radiates.

1967 H. W. Levi & L. R. Levi tr. A. Kaestner Invertebr. Zool. I. xviii. 442 Many articulates also have paired appendages. In some..these appendages are unsegmented lobopods and are used primarily for locomotion.

2004 Nature 6 May 18/1 He [sc. Geoffroy]..pushed the idea that all animals are built to a single plan. Having established a common scheme for vertebrates, in 1820 he extended it to the articulates.

2. A brachiopod belonging to the class Articulata, characterized by a hinged shell. Cf. sense A. 8b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Brachiopoda > [noun] > miscellaneous types of

Spirifer1835

rhynchonellid1865

spire-bearer1881

articulate1905

1905 W. H. Norton Elem. of Geol. xvi. 335 In the Cambrian the inarticulates predominate, though the articulates grow common toward the end of the period.

1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xviii. 229 There are two general groups of brachiopods, namely, the inarticulates..and the articulates, in which the heavier calcareous shells are joined together by a hinge structure.

1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. xlv. 347 In the articulates the gut is incomplete with a blind-ending intestine at the ventral side of the stomach.

Compounds

articulate-speaking adj. using articulate speech; speaking articulately and intelligibly.

ΚΠ

1829 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. 3 98 Were not these Plays translated almost into every language of articulate-speaking men.

1931 Amer. Lit. 3 79 ‘To make poems’, is, as Mr. Kuhl says, ‘a heart cry such as rarely is uttered by an articulate-speaking person.’

1994 M. A. Perkins Coleridge's Philos. (1999) i. 44 Articulate-speaking men.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

articulatev.

Brit.

/ɑːˈtɪkjᵿleɪt/, U.S.

/ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt/

Forms: 1500s articulat, 1500s– articulate. Past participle 1500s articulate, 1500s– articulated; also Scottish pre-1700 articulat, 1900s– articulatit.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin articulāt- , articulāre ; articulate adj.

Etymology: Either < classical Latin articulāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of articulāre to divide into distinct parts, in post-classical Latin also to joint (4th cent.), to draw up in articles or clauses (frequently 1317–1684 in British sources), or directly < articulate adj. Compare Middle French, French articuler to pronounce (letters, syllables, words, texts) clearly (a1268 in Old French used transitively; 1668 used intransitively), to formulate in an article or articles (beginning of the 15th cent.), to unite or connect (bones) at a joint or by joints (a1590 in Paré), to express or convey (a thought) by means of language (a1604).

I. To set out in articles.

1. transitive. To formulate in an article or articles; to set out in articles; to particularize, specify.In later use frequently with connotations of sense 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > express in detailed form

articlec1434

to set out1545

articulate1551

1551 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. ii. xxix. 243 For the conclusion of such conveniences as were drawn and articulated between the D. of Somerset and the said company.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 355/1 Thought good to articulate the foresayd obiections..in writyng.

?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. F2 If I articulate all the examples of their absurdeties that I could.

1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 51 Can you find this..so prescribed in our Church? or articulated unto our Teachers?

1654 T. White Contempl. of Heaven viii. 92 You shall see how this one indivisible sight is variously dispers'd and articulated, in all those admirable Truths which fill those immense volumes.

1714 tr. Case of Impotency Debated I. 96 The Wife being found no Virgin, might impute the Loss of her Virginity to some Misfortune; which she can't do when before the Inspection she has precisely set forth, and articulated the Integrity of her Condition.

1759 A. Gerard Ess. on Taste ii. v. 125 We form in our minds a model of perfection, the parts of which, though taken from different originals, are rendered consistent, by the skill with which they are articulated.

1850 J. G. Phillimore Hist. & Princ. Law of Evid. iv. 80 In these summary cases it is not necessary that the facts should be ‘articulated’ beforehand.

1888 Mind 13 303 The Stoic theory of knowledge..while much more finely articulated,..was in agreement as regards fundamentals with the Epicurean theory of knowledge.

1958 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 52 246 Such product can scarcely be meaningfully studied unless the decision-maker..is identified, his policy objectives clearly articulated, and the various conditions..specified.

1973 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. 121 478 Almost one year after the Sino-Indian agreement of 1954 articulated the ‘five principles’, they were elaborated into ten principles.

2007 BBC Monitoring Internat. Rep. (Nexis) 23 May The Bonn Agreement did not articulate clearly who..and who would not be part of the future political system in Afghanistan.

2. transitive. To charge (an offence) to a person, bring (a charge) against. Also with that-clause as object. Occasionally intransitive. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

forwrayOE

beclepec1030

challenge?c1225

indict1303

appeachc1315

aditea1325

appeal1366

impeachc1380

reprovea1382

arraigna1400

calla1400

raign?a1425

to put upa1438

present?a1439

ditec1440

detectc1449

articlec1450

billc1450

peach1465

attach1480

denounce1485

aret1487

accusea1500

filea1500

delate1515

crimea1550

panel1560

articulate1563

prosecute1579

impleada1600

to have up1605

reprosecute1622

tainta1625

criminatea1646

affect1726

to pull up1799

rap1904

run1909

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1282/2 It was articulate against him, that..he did hold, [etc.].

1590 Articles against Cartwright in T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. (1655) ix. 198 We do object and articulate against him, that he..hath forsaken [etc.].

1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars ii. lxiii. 45 At fatall Pomfret for these facts arrayn'd, Gainst whom of all things they articulate.

1741 tr. J. Lilly Mod. Entries (ed. 2) 329 We object and articulate, that you the said Sir James Collet never had, any arms, coats of arms, or a crest, to you and your family lawfully belonging.

1828 A. E. Bray Protestant (1845) xxi. 290 We have now..examined you respecting all those offences articulated against you in the indictment.

1906 Times 9 Oct. 13/5 The Governor-General..has instructed a judicial official to open an inquiry ‘on the subject of the facts which you articulate against the chief of the post of Monkero’.

†3. intransitive. To come to terms of agreement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > surrender

to cry (or say) creanta1250

to yield oneself creanta1250

to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1325

yieldc1330

recray1340

summisec1450

render1523

amain1540

surrender1560

to throw down one's arms (also weapons, etc.)1593

articulate1595

to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595

to give grass1597

capitulate1601

to cry cravena1634

to lower or strike one's flag1644

bail1840

hands-up1879

kamerad1914

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iv. xxi. sig. T3^v How to articulate with yeelding wights.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. x. 76 Send vs to Rome The best, with whom we may articulate, For their owne good, and ours.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. iii. 57 Those three gods..have thus Articulated, lest upon their intrenching on one anothers jurisdiction, they might make Warre among themselves.

†4. transitive. To arrange by articles or certain conditions. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > negotiate

setc900

treat1357

merchantc1400

tract1508

article1526

capitulate1567

articulate1602

to stand with ——1616

huckster1642

traffica1649

transact1654

negotiate1720

renegotiate1787

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 42 Articulating peace with the Albanes.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Articulate, to set down articles or conditions of agreement.

II. To express distinctly.

a. transitive. To pronounce distinctly; to utter, give utterance to. Also: to express in words, esp. clearly and fluently.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce

sayOE

shapec1200

formc1300

pronouncec1390

sound1543

prelatea1549

frame1549

articulate1561

annunciate1763

enunciate1767

enounce1829

1561 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 87 The thrud and secund articles he confessis; he..hard and saw as is articulat.

1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 92^v Such is the propretie of the voice, that it is not articulated, nor otherwise formed, but it may be vnderstanded, albeit it is very soft and weake.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits i. 3 He could not pronounce the letter, R, for that he did somwhat stammer, and yet by practise he grew to articulat it..well.

1673 R. Baxter Christian Directory ix. 408 A wonderful work of God it is, that a mans tongue should be able to articulate such an exceeding number of words.

1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) ii. 374 The Muscles of the..Tongue [of apes]..which do most serve to articulate a word.

1795 B. H. Malkin Ess. Civilization iii. 54 Till an infant is capable of articulating words, it is with extreme difficulty, that it can render its wants..intelligible.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. v. 123 That lady..began to articulate a horrible patois.

1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. ii. 242 Wrongs..which never get articulated.

1887 Temple Bar Dec. 512 ‘Something did come down here,’ I managed to articulate; ‘but don't ask me about it.’

1903 H. Keller Story of my Life xiii. 48 I needed Miss Sullivan's assistance constantly in my efforts to articulate each sound clearly.

1952 R. Ellison Invisible Man xiii. 221 We need a good speaker... Someone who can articulate the grievances of the people.

1986 D. Hogan New Shirt ii. 126 Beside him market women, standing, audibly articulated their prayers.

2001 S. Kane Virtual Freedom i. 10 Faculty of every persuasion—conservative and radical alike—trusted ‘the Laird’ to articulate the dissent..of the Avalon professorate.

b. transitive. More generally: to express or convey, esp. through non-verbal means.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > convey as information

conveyc1386

importc1475

conversea1616

convoy1641

articulate1861

1861 R. S. Storrs Serm., preached at Cleveland, Ohio 37 Those purposes of God which already we feel to be..articulating themselves amid the uproar and the tumult.

1928 G. B. Munson Destinations vi. 71 Lindsay is the unmythical ‘average American’ articulating himself in the media of letters and visual art.

1953 S. K. Langer Feeling & Form ii. ii. 186 Physical feelings..spring from the idea of an emotion and initiate symbolic gestures which articulate this idea.

2006 Independent (Nexis) 24 Nov. 24 This period of European cultural history, when paintings were articulating the first expressions of sexual liberation.

6. transitive. To modify (vocal sound, a pulmonary airstream, etc.) so as to produce a speech sound, a word, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [verb (transitive)] > divide into speech sounds

articulate1594

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 87 This instrument fashioneth the voyce, & causeth it to yeeld a sound, & so prepareth it for the tongue, that it may be articulated and framed into speech by y^e same.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 715 First to articulate the voyce.

1685 J. Flavell Πνευματολογια 5 Birds can modulate the Air, and form it into..charming sounds; but no creature except man..can articulate the sound, and form it into words.

1702 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Nat. Hist. Animals 163 The Muscles of the Os Hyoides, Tongue, Larynx and Pharynx..do most serve to articulate a word.

1797 H. Lemoine Art of Speaking i. 9 When the orifice of the larynx is straight, the air being violently forced out, is dashed and broken, and receives a motion which forms the sound of the voice, but which is not articulated.

1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1867) i. xiii. 57 He amuses himself with articulating the pulses of the air.

1834 J. Shipp Private Soldier xii. 120 His lips articulated the sounds of ‘brave boy !’ ‘heroic boy !’

1912 Times 19 Jan. 11/5 Many words..lost their terrors when it was realized that parts were mere aspirates, hisses, or explosions of air and were easy to articulate.

1961 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 61 No. 1. 88/1 He then articulates this voice into speech sounds with his tongue, lips, and so forth in the usual way.

1988 J. C. Catford Pract. Introd. Phonetics (1994) i. 10 The production of speech-sounds involves..some method of shaping or articulating the air-stream so as to generate a specific type of sound.

7. intransitive. To utter or pronounce words; to make speech sounds; to speak distinctly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)]

matheleOE

speakc888

spellc888

yedc888

i-quethec900

reirdOE

meldOE

meleOE

quidOE

i-meleOE

wordOE

to open one's mouth (also lips)OE

mootOE

spellc1175

carpa1240

spilec1275

bespeakc1314

adda1382

mella1400

moutha1400

utter?a1400

lalec1400

nurnc1400

parlec1400

talkc1400

to say forthc1405

rekea1450

to say on1487

nevena1500

quinch1511

quetch1530

queckc1540

walk1550

cant1567

twang1602

articulate1615

tella1616

betalk1622

sermocinate1623

to give tongue1737

jaw1748

to break stillness1768

outspeaka1788

to give mouth1854

larum1877

to make noises1909

verbal1974

1615 R. A. Valiant Welshman i. iii. sig. B3 Is not there roome enough within Churchyards, To earth his aged bodie..? Drums, beat aloud. Ile not articulate. My soule is drown'd in rage.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 32 Measure a just cadence, and scan without articulating.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. iv. 190 He had..so great a weakness in his tongue that he could not articulate.

1756 Connoisseur No. 138. 832 The Whistlers or Tune-hummers, who never articulate at all.

1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings III. ix. iii. 234 The capricious modes of dressing, articulating and moving.

1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 7 Dec. 3/1 A wonderful amputation of a child's tongue, is related as having been effected..What is the most singular is that the lad retains the sense of taste and articulates very correctly.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 356 His agitation was so great that he could not articulate.

1872 E. A. Hart Runaway vii. 163 Clarice could hardly command her lips and her tongue sufficiently to form these words, but by a violent exertion she succeeded in articulating.

1937 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 37 1258/2 One must be armed with facts; must be able to articulate well.

1973 A. C. Boult My Own Trumpet vii. 69 He had ample command of English, but could not articulate.

2007 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 21 Feb. (Advertising Suppl.) 4 Avoid speech infractions such as ‘um’ and ‘ahh’. Articulate clearly.

†8. transitive. To make visually distinct. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1855 G. Brimley in Cambr. Ess. I. 237 Its luxuriant pictorial richness..more articulated by fine drawing.

III. To join or unite.

9. Chiefly Medicine.

a. transitive. To attach or unite (esp. a bone) by a joint; frequently with to, less commonly with. Usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [verb (transitive)]

flexa1521

articulate1578

anchylose1787

hyperextend1882

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 35 ^v And in this manner is Talus articulated to Tibia.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxvi. 608 The mouth..which is articulated or close ioyned with the shanke.

1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 59 The Scapula..is articulated to the humerus.

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 434 A multitude of small crystals instantly appear to disengage themselves from the surface of the amalgam, upon which new ones articulate themselves; and a vegetation is produced.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 115 A rigid bone, articulated at both ends to fixed bases.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §197 The base of the filament..is usually articulated to the receptacle.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 1 An ossicle articulated to its apex.

1999 Techniques Regional Anesthesia & Pain Managem. 3 94/1 The hip joint..articulates the acetabulum of the hip bone with the head of the femur.

b. transitive. To unite or connect (bones) at a joint or by joints; (in later use) spec. to reassemble (individual bones) to form a skeleton; to form (a skeleton) from individual bones. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > furnish with joints > connect with joints

joint1547

articulate1615

inarticulate1713

vertebrate1891

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xii. x. 917 There are yet in the hand other ligaments which do not serue to articulate or ioyne the bones.

1697 R. Baker Cursus Osteologicus 74 The fourth [use of the Os Sacrum] to articulate the Bones of the Hips.

1703 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies Epitomized (ed. 6) vi. xiii. 602 Of the Breast-bone or Sternum... Its Uses are four:..the second is to articulate the Clavicles and Ribs.

1834 Times 28 Mar. 4/2 During the vacation he had been allowed to go to Sproatley-hall to articulate the bones of a whale.

1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. ii. 76 They are not articulated into lines of hills.

1935 J. B. Scherer Introd. in C. Lal Secrets of Japan p. iii Foreign writers usually articulate a skeleton from the dry bones of history and envelope it with flesh and blood kneaded from their own observations.

1997 J. Bloomenthal in J. Bloomenthal et al. Introd. Implicit Surfaces i. 32 A useful skeletal design system should display..the skeleton, the volume surrounding the skeletal elements, and the surface covering the volumes while allowing the designer to articulate the skeleton.

10. intransitive. To meet at or form a joint (esp. with another bone); to be united by a joint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > be or become joined together [verb (intransitive)] > form a joint

articulate1578

joint1772

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 24 Not far from those Tubercles or productions, which we haue nominated to articulate with the transuerse Processes of the Spondill, the ribbes are endewed with an other prominent portion.

1702 R. Mead Mech. Acct. Poisons i. 39 The First [bone of the Lower Jaw]..articulates with the Second of the Common Bones.

1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 390 One meets with Obstacles from the Parts that surround it, even the Scapula itself, on which it articulates.

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 15 The human head does not articulate in the centre of gravity.

1847 D. T. Ansted Anc. World viii. 168 These latter bones again also articulate with the breast-bone.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vii. 171 The hollow of the cup articulates with a spheroidal surface furnished by the humerus.

1999 Injury 30 469/2 Tibia articulates at both knee and ankle by a hinge like arrangement.

2005 R. McNeill Alexander Human Bones iv. 103 The head (extreme end) of the rib articulates with a facet on the centrum of a thoracic vertebra.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	articulate
释义	articulateadj.n. Brit. /ɑːˈtɪkjᵿlət/, U.S. /ɑrˈtɪkjələt/ Forms: 1500s–1600s articulat, 1500s– articulate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin articulatus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin articulatus (of sound) distinct, intelligible (4th cent.), use as adjective of past participle of classical Latin articulāre (see articulate v.). In branches A. II. and A. III. after articulate v.In sense A. 8c after scientific Latin Articulata (Cuvier 1817: see Articulata n.). In grammatical use post-classical Latin articulatus translates Hellenistic Greek ἔναρθρος (see enarthrosis n.). A. adj. I. Clearly distinct or meaningful. 1. a. Of sound: consisting of clearly distinguishable parts (usually words and syllables) capable of conveying meaning. Also (of the voice, a person, etc.): (capable of) producing meaningful or intelligible sounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > [adjective] significative?a1400 signifyingc1443 significate?a1475 articulate1531 significant1573 significatory1579 semiotic1797 the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > able or given to speak reasonablea1387 quick and queathing?a1475 articulate1531 extemporal1588 extemporanean1621 extemporizing1644 expressible1661 speakable1667 extemporaneous1812 extempore1817 1531 [implied in: T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. v. sig. Ciij^v Englishe..cleane, polite, perfectly and articulately pronounced. (at articulately adv. 1)]. 1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier v. sig. Cvi For he that speaketh gyueth outwardely a sygne or token of his wyl by some articulate, playne & euidente sounde. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 127 Speech is made by aire beaten and framed with articulate and distinct sounde. 1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie i. iv. 28 Not in articulate, and plaine speech, but in grones. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 557 Beasts..Created mute to all articulat sound. View more context for this quotation 1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. x. 355 Who..talk..with articulate plain Voices, as if Men. 1794 J. Priestley Disc. Evid. Revealed Relig. iv. 89 The people seem to have removed to a considerable distance from the mountain before they heard any articulate words. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 185 Truly, it is a great thing for a Nation that it get an articulate voice. 1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost ix. 244 Secret whispers of sorrow..which may never be uttered in articulate and audible words. 1908 K. Grahame Wind in Willows vii. 141 They started at what seemed a sudden clear call from an actual articulate voice. 1951 W. P. Webb Great Frontier iv. 108 Unlike the ox, man is articulate. 1993 P. van Inwagen Metaphysics 12 For a logical positivist, a metaphysical question like ‘Why is there a World?’ is a mere piece of articulate noise. b. Of an emotion or abstract concept: put into words; given linguistic expression, esp. fluently, lucidly, or intelligibly; frequently in to make articulate. In later use also: expressed in clear or eloquent language. ΚΠ 1561 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 127 Thar wes ane condicional promys..mayd [at the] tym articulat. c1647 J. Taylor Disc. Liberty of Prophesying i. 7 Whatsoever is expressed..is made articulate and explicate. 1847 National Preacher 21 207 His anguish becomes articulate, and he cries out, ‘Lord save, I perish!’ 1880 H. James Hawthorne 87 Some of his companions..took..rather a gruesome view of his want of articulate enthusiasm. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xvi–xvii. 389 The Aufgabe of making it [sc. the notion] articulate was surely set to Hegel's intellect by mystical feeling. 1952 N. Coward Diary 16 June (2000) 195 A lot of articulate, generous praise and a mobbing by the crowd outside. 1992 Alternative Press Jan. 61/1 Compared to Chuck D's articulate rage and authoritative delivery, most rappers' shticks seem fixated at the junior high level. c. Of a person: (capable of) engaging in lucid, fluent, or confident speech or self-expression; well-spoken, eloquent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [adjective] > having pleasing speech or eloquent well-speakingOE renablec1300 fair-speakinga1398 well-tonguedc1480 honey-mouthed1539 golden-mouthed1542 sweet-mouthed1542 fine-mouthed?1549 silver-tongued1592 silver1594 gold-mouthed1595 honey-tongued1595 nectar-tongued1596 tongue-gilt1608 feather-tongueda1618 chrysostomatical1623 dulciloquent1656 sweet-spoken1716 sweet-lipped1783 chrysostomic1816 smooth-spoken1821 superfluent1822 honey-lipped1833 nice spoken1852 articulate1892 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxiv, in Scribner's Mag. July 61/1 Mac was more articulate. ‘And you're what ye call a British sayman, I suppose?’ 1934 N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Aug. 2/3 The Duce is an intensely articulate man. 1951 H. Arendt Burden of our Time i. ii. 31 Its most articulate spokesman..submitted a lengthy petition to the government. 1968 Ethnology 7 74 [He] is a very articulate man and speaks Zuni and English fluently. 2005 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 5 Apr. b1 She is lucid, articulate and a much-sought-after speaker at..conferences all over the world. 2. Of hearing, thought, intelligence, etc.: distinct, clear; indicating clear understanding.In quot. 1855 used of touch. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > [adjective] sutelc897 openeOE plaina1398 sada1400 familiar1509 facile1531 lightsome1532 well-determined1560 pervial1595 uncurious1601 articulate1603 distinct1609 unmisinterpretablea1631 dilucida1640 limpid1649 dilucidate1651 unmysterious1663 incurious1664 elucidatea1670 accessible1681 distinguished1700 dilucidated1759 unmistakable1822 black and white1838 clear-cut1843 square on1963 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct sunderlyeOE sundryOE serec1175 proper1340 serelepesa1400 sundrylepesc1400 sunderlepesa1450 peculiar1509 several1533 unconfounded1577 well-distinguished1594 articulate1603 unconfused1609 inconfused1626 separate1691 demarcated1862 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1042 The matter sensible had before time no order at all,..and the faculty therein had neither expresse opinions articulate and distinct, nor her motions all..composed in order. 1626 S. D'Ewes in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) III. 217 The Byshopp saied in my articulate hearing. 1662 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) iii. vi. 100 To clear up this dim and cloudy discovery of Spirits, into more distinct and articulate Apparitions. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm v. 111 An articulate warning is issued. 1831 T. Carlyle Crit. & Misc. Ess. III. 4 The mere upper surface [of our Thinking] that we shape into articulate Thoughts. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 181 The discriminative or articulate character of the sense of touch. 1916 G. A. Coe Psychol. Relig. ix. 157 If the conversion experience includes consciousness of the presence of the Christian God, it is because Christian..ideas of God have already been acquired... Only so does articulate insight suddenly arise in any sphere. 1971 R. McKeon in Interrelations of Culture (Unesco) 16 Speech and articulate thought differentiate men from brutes. 2007 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Features) 13 Cerebral ponderings and articulate thoughts should be whipping my grey matter into a creative frenzy. II. Consisting of or treated in articles. †3. Specified or charged in the articles of an accusation before a court. Frequently as postmodifier. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [adjective] > accused or indicted > charged in specific articles articulate1562 1562 in Registrum Matthei Parker (1928) II. 408 He never vttered any wordes to the saied Mistris Marie that shold induce any contracte of matrimonie betwene him and the same Mistris Mary either in the presence of the lords articulate or any other. 1563–4 in Parish Docs. York (1948) 213 And further [he] belevith that by the tyme articulate the said Edmound Robertes..has a chamber in Hull [etc.]. 1569 J. Hawkins in E. Arber Eng. Garner (1882) (modernized text) V. 231 The articulate Sir William Garrard, Knight..and others joined with them in Society. 1603 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 4 iv. 129 Then Everard Wright spak all the words articulat of Contract on the womans part to be spoken as in the book of Common prayer. c1674 Milton Papers I. 42 By all which words this respondent verily beleeveth that the said testator had given all his estate to the articulate Elizabeth his wife. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 66 If the defendant does not believe the Sum Articulate. 1774 C. Randle in H. Collet Office of Judge (?1775) xxii. 59 The said Edwd. Evanson may be subject to the Jurisdiction of the Court articulate. 4. Of a set of rules, a system of doctrine, an agreement, etc.: formulated or set out in articles; clearly structured. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adjective] > going into detail > set forth in detail articled1545 articulate1579 articulated1611 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Bj^v [Did not] make any precedent pact or articulat condition aforehand with the Idolaters. 1607 T. Rogers Faith, Doctr., & Relig. 93 Neither tie wee the Church so strictly to the signes articulate. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 240 His Instructions were euer Extreame, Curious, and Articulate. 1898 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 8 397 The comparative study of primitive man discloses..an articulate customary law so thorough as to govern nearly every action. a1909 G. C. Lodge Poems & Dramas (1911) II. 453 The mind's conception turns Chaos to cosmos, ignorance to truth, Force to the freedom of articulate laws. 1939 Jrnl. Philos. 36 300 The ‘articulate structure’ of this law is ‘X is-not non-X’. 1990 J. Waldron Law viii. 184 With formulated, articulate law, we can go a long way. 5. Mathematics. Of a number: that is a multiple of ten (cf. article n. 9). Now historical and rare.In quot. 1610 confused with digit n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > ten > [adjective] tenc888 denec1420 articulate1646 decadal1753 1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories xxxii. 181 The first, and cheif, is the number of six, which..decreaseth in euery rancke to the base point, and produceth an Odde,..which no other articulate number can effect... The first of digit numbers is Ten.] 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 186 They accounted their digits and articulate numbers unto an hundred. View more context for this quotation 1707 tr. J. Monier de Clairecombe New & Universal Pract. Mercantile Arithm. i. i. 3 An Articulate Number, is that which ends in an 0, which in Arithmetical Calculations is call'd a Cypher; as 20, 30, 40, 500. 1834 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1833 340 Suppose k the order of the greatest articulate or subarticulate number immediately greater than this quotient. 1929 Jewish Q. Rev. 20 133 Degree, or power of ten, articulate number. III. Relating to a joint or joints. 6. Attached or united by a joint. Cf. articulated adj. 2. ΚΠ 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 19 I will let you vnderstand, in what sort Occiput is Articulate vnto the ij. first Vertebres. 1596 E. Coote Eng. Schoole-maister 76/1 Articulate, iointed. 1680 W. Charleton Enq. Human Nature vi. 534 The motion of a Bone..is but an Elevation or Translation of it from its former position in a right line with the superior Bone to which it is articulate. 1757 J. Wood New Compend. Treat. Farriery Introd. p. iv All the Bones of the Body, except the Teeth, and these [read those] that are articulate to one another, are covered with a thin but close and strong Membrane, called Periosteum. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 467 Stipes not articulate with stock. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 5 The articulate ends of their centra. 1876 Proc. Royal Soc. 24 67 The structures are merely folds of the lip of the calicle, and are continuous with it and immovable, not movable separate articulate structures. 1906 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33 548 Calceolaria... Peduncles or pedicels one-flowered, solitary in the axis of the leaves or bracts,..articulate above the middle. 7. a. Distinctly jointed or marked; having the parts distinctly recognizable; distinctly constructed. ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 294 His [sc. a horse's] body..straight, and articulate. 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 503 The outward Lineaments thus perfect and articulate in this Glorious Body. 1776 tr. R. E. Raspe Acct. some German Volcanos ii. §13. 48 The Irish basaltes in the Giants-causeway in the county of Antrim, appears in polygone articulate columns or prisms. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 254 A miserable horse, whose ribs were as articulate as the bars of a gridiron. 1914 A. H. Strong Pop. Lects. Bk. New Test. 12 The New Testament is peculiarly articulate. I might say that it has its articulate parts, and no two of those members have precisely the same office. 1925 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 36 362 What appears to us as a clear, articulate structure evidently seems to these animals like a tangled, intricate structure. 1991 Progressive Archit. Feb. 56/2 The auditorium's longitudinal sides..and proscenium arch wall..are articulate façades designed to evoke a typical Genovese piazza. b. figurative. Of an immaterial thing: having or composed of distinctly recognizable parts. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] > having distinct parts articulate1644 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiii. 208 I must note, that vnder the title of plants I include not zoophytes or plantanimals: that is such creatures as though they goe not from place to place,..yet in their partes, they haue a distinct and articulate motion. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 223 These Apocalyptick Visions..are made so as to seem very trim and express, very complete and articulate in the very outward Cortex. 1715 S. Switzer Nobleman, Gentleman, & Gardener's Recreation vi. 115 The Articulate Divisions of Pliny, of Plants into Nerves, Sinews, &c. will not come within the Limits of this Essay. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. i. 74 Added to the firm land of articulate History. 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) Introd. 14 The most articulate and important period of Florentine history. 1950 H. K. Smith State of Europe iv. 68 The imperial British unified its articulate part..under one language and one system of justice. 8. a. Composed of segments that are linked or united by joints; (Botany) having stems with distinct nodes. Cf. articulated adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > articulated segment articulate1610 segmented1854 trans-segmental1890 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adjective] > jointed jointed1413 articulated1571 gimmaled1596 articulate1610 huckled1614 well-articulated1663 joint1685 vertebrated1840 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiv. 526 Our articulate members [L. membra..articulata] doe not onely obey our will, our hands, or feete, or so, but euen those also that we mooue, but by small sinewes. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. 191 An articulate or jointed Bulb..consists of Lamellæ that are linked together; as in Lathræa, Martynia and Adoxa. 1785 J. Bolton Filices Britannicæ I. Introd. p. v The globes, or separate seed-vessels, are..surrounded with an articulate chain, or elastic ring. 1869 M. Somerville Molecular & Microsc. Sci. ii. ii. 180 Ceraminacea..are filiform articulate plants with the nucleus naked. 1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 95 Stems..provided in the upper part with brown, thick, simple, articulate and very caducous filaments. 1936 W. Seifriz Protoplasm xv. 256 The same striated and articulate structure of cellulose persists in bituminous coal. 1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 109/3 Asterophyllites is a genus of delicate articulate plants with a slender central stem and equally spaced nodes. b. Zoology. Originally: designating a bivalve shell having the valves joined by a hinge comprising a number of interlocking projections or teeth; (of a hinge) of this kind. In later use: spec. belonging to the class Articulata of brachiopods characterized by such hinges. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of shell or parts of shell testaceous1668 trivalvous1681 articulate1685 tabulous1734 concamerated1747 costated1751 ribbed1752 multivalve1753 umbilical1755 multivalved1759 trichite1765 right-handed1776 ventricose1777 unequivalved1788 sinistral1803 white-lipped1813 white-mouthed1815 turriculated1822 umbonial1824 turreted1826 siphunculated1828 columellar1829 sinistrorsal1830 canaliferous1834 spirivalve1835 turrited1835 versant1839 mitriform1843 paucispiral1843 turriculate1843 siphuncled1847 ventricous1850 camerated1851 convolute1851 perforated1851 parietal1854 septiferous1854 planorbiform1856 planorboid1856 trivalved1856 turrite1856 siphunculate1875 turriform1875 umbonic1877 costate1881 interlocular1888 varicated1891 lirate1894 evolute1896 1685 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis (new ed.) i. vi. ii. 153 (table) Shells. Double. Inarticulate... Articulate. 1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 242 A hinge is inarticulate when not set with any visible joints or teeth... Articulate when set with some few... Multarticulate, when set with many or a large number. 1793 W. Martin Fig. & Descr. Petrifactions Derbys. sig. A3^v (table) Conchyliolithus... Bivalves... Valves equal..articulate, or set with a few teeth. 1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 467 The genitalia in the articulate Brachiopoda are developed between the two membranes of which the inner wall of the pallial sinuses..is composed. 1925 P. Radin & V. C. C. Collum tr. E. Perrier Earth before Hist. iii. i. 221 A very large number of both nonarticulate and articulate species glue themselves to the rocks by means of one of their valves. 1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii. 250 Many new forms of corals and articulate brachiopods appeared and mollusca continued their slow rise in importance. 1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. ix. 63 The articulate brachiopods all lack an anus. c. Zoology. Belonging to or characteristic of a major division of invertebrate animals having a bilaterally symmetrical body composed of jointed segments (e.g. arthropods, annelids); of or relating to the formal taxon Articulata corresponding to this division. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > subkingdom Articulata > [adjective] articulate1830 articulated1831 1830 London Med. Gaz. 16 Oct. 70/2 This nerve is the link preserving the strict concordance of the nervous system, from the lowest articulate animals, through the various classes of vertebrata, to man. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 16 The Articulate types, composed of segments bearing limbs. 1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation I. iii. 52 The Articulate animals are characterized by their ventral nerve-chord. 1888 Amer. Anthropologist 1 135 Nature seems..to have exhausted the possibilities..of molluscan structure, for example, in its highest type the cuttle-fish, or of articulate structure in the honey-bee. 1901 N. S. Shaler Individual vi. 121 Comparing..the mechanical processes for the activities of the backboned animals with those of the articulate animals. 1985 Ann. Rev. Ecol. & Systematics 16 249 He [sc. von Baer] recognized four types of animal organization—radiate, articulate, molluscous, and vertebrate. †9. Medicine. Affecting a joint or joints. Cf. articular adj. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [adjective] articular?a1475 articulated1571 de-articulated1615 articulate1638 arthritical1646 de-articulate1650 articulous1684 articulating1691 articulary1773 interarticular1808 conjugational1853 intertrochlear1870 intra-articular1890 juxta-articular1900 1638 T. Whitaker Blood of Grape 75 The causes internall of these articulate paynes move upon one hinge of Hippocrates. 1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. xiv. 214 It [sc. gout] is almost only Articulate, or is in the space where the heads of two or more Bones meet together. B. n. Zoology. 1. An invertebrate animal belonging to the major division Articulata. Cf. sense A. 8c. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > subkingdom Articulata > [noun] > member of articulate1837 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvii. vii. 453 He did not admit the analogy between the skeleton of the vertebrates and the skin of the articulates. 1878 O. W. Holmes John Lothrop Motley: Mem. xix. 152 Annalists will pile up facts for ever like so many articulates or mollusks or radiates. 1967 H. W. Levi & L. R. Levi tr. A. Kaestner Invertebr. Zool. I. xviii. 442 Many articulates also have paired appendages. In some..these appendages are unsegmented lobopods and are used primarily for locomotion. 2004 Nature 6 May 18/1 He [sc. Geoffroy]..pushed the idea that all animals are built to a single plan. Having established a common scheme for vertebrates, in 1820 he extended it to the articulates. 2. A brachiopod belonging to the class Articulata, characterized by a hinged shell. Cf. sense A. 8b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Brachiopoda > [noun] > miscellaneous types of Spirifer1835 rhynchonellid1865 spire-bearer1881 articulate1905 1905 W. H. Norton Elem. of Geol. xvi. 335 In the Cambrian the inarticulates predominate, though the articulates grow common toward the end of the period. 1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xviii. 229 There are two general groups of brachiopods, namely, the inarticulates..and the articulates, in which the heavier calcareous shells are joined together by a hinge structure. 1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. xlv. 347 In the articulates the gut is incomplete with a blind-ending intestine at the ventral side of the stomach. Compounds articulate-speaking adj. using articulate speech; speaking articulately and intelligibly. ΚΠ 1829 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. 3 98 Were not these Plays translated almost into every language of articulate-speaking men. 1931 Amer. Lit. 3 79 ‘To make poems’, is, as Mr. Kuhl says, ‘a heart cry such as rarely is uttered by an articulate-speaking person.’ 1994 M. A. Perkins Coleridge's Philos. (1999) i. 44 Articulate-speaking men. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). articulatev. Brit. /ɑːˈtɪkjᵿleɪt/, U.S. /ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt/ Forms: 1500s articulat, 1500s– articulate. Past participle 1500s articulate, 1500s– articulated; also Scottish pre-1700 articulat, 1900s– articulatit. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin articulāt- , articulāre ; articulate adj. Etymology: Either < classical Latin articulāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of articulāre to divide into distinct parts, in post-classical Latin also to joint (4th cent.), to draw up in articles or clauses (frequently 1317–1684 in British sources), or directly < articulate adj. Compare Middle French, French articuler to pronounce (letters, syllables, words, texts) clearly (a1268 in Old French used transitively; 1668 used intransitively), to formulate in an article or articles (beginning of the 15th cent.), to unite or connect (bones) at a joint or by joints (a1590 in Paré), to express or convey (a thought) by means of language (a1604). I. To set out in articles. 1. transitive. To formulate in an article or articles; to set out in articles; to particularize, specify.In later use frequently with connotations of sense 5a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > express in detailed form articlec1434 to set out1545 articulate1551 1551 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. ii. xxix. 243 For the conclusion of such conveniences as were drawn and articulated between the D. of Somerset and the said company. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 355/1 Thought good to articulate the foresayd obiections..in writyng. ?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. F2 If I articulate all the examples of their absurdeties that I could. 1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 51 Can you find this..so prescribed in our Church? or articulated unto our Teachers? 1654 T. White Contempl. of Heaven viii. 92 You shall see how this one indivisible sight is variously dispers'd and articulated, in all those admirable Truths which fill those immense volumes. 1714 tr. Case of Impotency Debated I. 96 The Wife being found no Virgin, might impute the Loss of her Virginity to some Misfortune; which she can't do when before the Inspection she has precisely set forth, and articulated the Integrity of her Condition. 1759 A. Gerard Ess. on Taste ii. v. 125 We form in our minds a model of perfection, the parts of which, though taken from different originals, are rendered consistent, by the skill with which they are articulated. 1850 J. G. Phillimore Hist. & Princ. Law of Evid. iv. 80 In these summary cases it is not necessary that the facts should be ‘articulated’ beforehand. 1888 Mind 13 303 The Stoic theory of knowledge..while much more finely articulated,..was in agreement as regards fundamentals with the Epicurean theory of knowledge. 1958 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 52 246 Such product can scarcely be meaningfully studied unless the decision-maker..is identified, his policy objectives clearly articulated, and the various conditions..specified. 1973 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. 121 478 Almost one year after the Sino-Indian agreement of 1954 articulated the ‘five principles’, they were elaborated into ten principles. 2007 BBC Monitoring Internat. Rep. (Nexis) 23 May The Bonn Agreement did not articulate clearly who..and who would not be part of the future political system in Afghanistan. 2. transitive. To charge (an offence) to a person, bring (a charge) against. Also with that-clause as object. Occasionally intransitive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 forwrayOE beclepec1030 challenge?c1225 indict1303 appeachc1315 aditea1325 appeal1366 impeachc1380 reprovea1382 arraigna1400 calla1400 raign?a1425 to put upa1438 present?a1439 ditec1440 detectc1449 articlec1450 billc1450 peach1465 attach1480 denounce1485 aret1487 accusea1500 filea1500 delate1515 crimea1550 panel1560 articulate1563 prosecute1579 impleada1600 to have up1605 reprosecute1622 tainta1625 criminatea1646 affect1726 to pull up1799 rap1904 run1909 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1282/2 It was articulate against him, that..he did hold, [etc.]. 1590 Articles against Cartwright in T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. (1655) ix. 198 We do object and articulate against him, that he..hath forsaken [etc.]. 1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars ii. lxiii. 45 At fatall Pomfret for these facts arrayn'd, Gainst whom of all things they articulate. 1741 tr. J. Lilly Mod. Entries (ed. 2) 329 We object and articulate, that you the said Sir James Collet never had, any arms, coats of arms, or a crest, to you and your family lawfully belonging. 1828 A. E. Bray Protestant (1845) xxi. 290 We have now..examined you respecting all those offences articulated against you in the indictment. 1906 Times 9 Oct. 13/5 The Governor-General..has instructed a judicial official to open an inquiry ‘on the subject of the facts which you articulate against the chief of the post of Monkero’. †3. intransitive. To come to terms of agreement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > surrender to cry (or say) creanta1250 to yield oneself creanta1250 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1325 yieldc1330 recray1340 summisec1450 render1523 amain1540 surrender1560 to throw down one's arms (also weapons, etc.)1593 articulate1595 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to give grass1597 capitulate1601 to cry cravena1634 to lower or strike one's flag1644 bail1840 hands-up1879 kamerad1914 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iv. xxi. sig. T3^v How to articulate with yeelding wights. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. x. 76 Send vs to Rome The best, with whom we may articulate, For their owne good, and ours. View more context for this quotation 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. iii. 57 Those three gods..have thus Articulated, lest upon their intrenching on one anothers jurisdiction, they might make Warre among themselves. †4. transitive. To arrange by articles or certain conditions. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > negotiate setc900 treat1357 merchantc1400 tract1508 article1526 capitulate1567 articulate1602 to stand with ——1616 huckster1642 traffica1649 transact1654 negotiate1720 renegotiate1787 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 42 Articulating peace with the Albanes. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Articulate, to set down articles or conditions of agreement. II. To express distinctly. 5. a. transitive. To pronounce distinctly; to utter, give utterance to. Also: to express in words, esp. clearly and fluently. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce sayOE shapec1200 formc1300 pronouncec1390 sound1543 prelatea1549 frame1549 articulate1561 annunciate1763 enunciate1767 enounce1829 1561 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 87 The thrud and secund articles he confessis; he..hard and saw as is articulat. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 92^v Such is the propretie of the voice, that it is not articulated, nor otherwise formed, but it may be vnderstanded, albeit it is very soft and weake. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits i. 3 He could not pronounce the letter, R, for that he did somwhat stammer, and yet by practise he grew to articulat it..well. 1673 R. Baxter Christian Directory ix. 408 A wonderful work of God it is, that a mans tongue should be able to articulate such an exceeding number of words. 1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) ii. 374 The Muscles of the..Tongue [of apes]..which do most serve to articulate a word. 1795 B. H. Malkin Ess. Civilization iii. 54 Till an infant is capable of articulating words, it is with extreme difficulty, that it can render its wants..intelligible. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. v. 123 That lady..began to articulate a horrible patois. 1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. ii. 242 Wrongs..which never get articulated. 1887 Temple Bar Dec. 512 ‘Something did come down here,’ I managed to articulate; ‘but don't ask me about it.’ 1903 H. Keller Story of my Life xiii. 48 I needed Miss Sullivan's assistance constantly in my efforts to articulate each sound clearly. 1952 R. Ellison Invisible Man xiii. 221 We need a good speaker... Someone who can articulate the grievances of the people. 1986 D. Hogan New Shirt ii. 126 Beside him market women, standing, audibly articulated their prayers. 2001 S. Kane Virtual Freedom i. 10 Faculty of every persuasion—conservative and radical alike—trusted ‘the Laird’ to articulate the dissent..of the Avalon professorate. b. transitive. More generally: to express or convey, esp. through non-verbal means. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > convey as information conveyc1386 importc1475 conversea1616 convoy1641 articulate1861 1861 R. S. Storrs Serm., preached at Cleveland, Ohio 37 Those purposes of God which already we feel to be..articulating themselves amid the uproar and the tumult. 1928 G. B. Munson Destinations vi. 71 Lindsay is the unmythical ‘average American’ articulating himself in the media of letters and visual art. 1953 S. K. Langer Feeling & Form ii. ii. 186 Physical feelings..spring from the idea of an emotion and initiate symbolic gestures which articulate this idea. 2006 Independent (Nexis) 24 Nov. 24 This period of European cultural history, when paintings were articulating the first expressions of sexual liberation. 6. transitive. To modify (vocal sound, a pulmonary airstream, etc.) so as to produce a speech sound, a word, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [verb (transitive)] > divide into speech sounds articulate1594 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 87 This instrument fashioneth the voyce, & causeth it to yeeld a sound, & so prepareth it for the tongue, that it may be articulated and framed into speech by y^e same. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 715 First to articulate the voyce. 1685 J. Flavell Πνευματολογια 5 Birds can modulate the Air, and form it into..charming sounds; but no creature except man..can articulate the sound, and form it into words. 1702 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Nat. Hist. Animals 163 The Muscles of the Os Hyoides, Tongue, Larynx and Pharynx..do most serve to articulate a word. 1797 H. Lemoine Art of Speaking i. 9 When the orifice of the larynx is straight, the air being violently forced out, is dashed and broken, and receives a motion which forms the sound of the voice, but which is not articulated. 1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1867) i. xiii. 57 He amuses himself with articulating the pulses of the air. 1834 J. Shipp Private Soldier xii. 120 His lips articulated the sounds of ‘brave boy !’ ‘heroic boy !’ 1912 Times 19 Jan. 11/5 Many words..lost their terrors when it was realized that parts were mere aspirates, hisses, or explosions of air and were easy to articulate. 1961 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 61 No. 1. 88/1 He then articulates this voice into speech sounds with his tongue, lips, and so forth in the usual way. 1988 J. C. Catford Pract. Introd. Phonetics (1994) i. 10 The production of speech-sounds involves..some method of shaping or articulating the air-stream so as to generate a specific type of sound. 7. intransitive. To utter or pronounce words; to make speech sounds; to speak distinctly. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] matheleOE speakc888 spellc888 yedc888 i-quethec900 reirdOE meldOE meleOE quidOE i-meleOE wordOE to open one's mouth (also lips)OE mootOE spellc1175 carpa1240 spilec1275 bespeakc1314 adda1382 mella1400 moutha1400 utter?a1400 lalec1400 nurnc1400 parlec1400 talkc1400 to say forthc1405 rekea1450 to say on1487 nevena1500 quinch1511 quetch1530 queckc1540 walk1550 cant1567 twang1602 articulate1615 tella1616 betalk1622 sermocinate1623 to give tongue1737 jaw1748 to break stillness1768 outspeaka1788 to give mouth1854 larum1877 to make noises1909 verbal1974 1615 R. A. Valiant Welshman i. iii. sig. B3 Is not there roome enough within Churchyards, To earth his aged bodie..? Drums, beat aloud. Ile not articulate. My soule is drown'd in rage. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 32 Measure a just cadence, and scan without articulating. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. iv. 190 He had..so great a weakness in his tongue that he could not articulate. 1756 Connoisseur No. 138. 832 The Whistlers or Tune-hummers, who never articulate at all. 1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings III. ix. iii. 234 The capricious modes of dressing, articulating and moving. 1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 7 Dec. 3/1 A wonderful amputation of a child's tongue, is related as having been effected..What is the most singular is that the lad retains the sense of taste and articulates very correctly. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 356 His agitation was so great that he could not articulate. 1872 E. A. Hart Runaway vii. 163 Clarice could hardly command her lips and her tongue sufficiently to form these words, but by a violent exertion she succeeded in articulating. 1937 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 37 1258/2 One must be armed with facts; must be able to articulate well. 1973 A. C. Boult My Own Trumpet vii. 69 He had ample command of English, but could not articulate. 2007 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 21 Feb. (Advertising Suppl.) 4 Avoid speech infractions such as ‘um’ and ‘ahh’. Articulate clearly. †8. transitive. To make visually distinct. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1855 G. Brimley in Cambr. Ess. I. 237 Its luxuriant pictorial richness..more articulated by fine drawing. III. To join or unite. 9. Chiefly Medicine. a. transitive. To attach or unite (esp. a bone) by a joint; frequently with to, less commonly with. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [verb (transitive)] flexa1521 articulate1578 anchylose1787 hyperextend1882 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 35 ^v And in this manner is Talus articulated to Tibia. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxvi. 608 The mouth..which is articulated or close ioyned with the shanke. 1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 59 The Scapula..is articulated to the humerus. 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 434 A multitude of small crystals instantly appear to disengage themselves from the surface of the amalgam, upon which new ones articulate themselves; and a vegetation is produced. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 115 A rigid bone, articulated at both ends to fixed bases. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §197 The base of the filament..is usually articulated to the receptacle. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 1 An ossicle articulated to its apex. 1999 Techniques Regional Anesthesia & Pain Managem. 3 94/1 The hip joint..articulates the acetabulum of the hip bone with the head of the femur. b. transitive. To unite or connect (bones) at a joint or by joints; (in later use) spec. to reassemble (individual bones) to form a skeleton; to form (a skeleton) from individual bones. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > furnish with joints > connect with joints joint1547 articulate1615 inarticulate1713 vertebrate1891 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xii. x. 917 There are yet in the hand other ligaments which do not serue to articulate or ioyne the bones. 1697 R. Baker Cursus Osteologicus 74 The fourth [use of the Os Sacrum] to articulate the Bones of the Hips. 1703 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies Epitomized (ed. 6) vi. xiii. 602 Of the Breast-bone or Sternum... Its Uses are four:..the second is to articulate the Clavicles and Ribs. 1834 Times 28 Mar. 4/2 During the vacation he had been allowed to go to Sproatley-hall to articulate the bones of a whale. 1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. ii. 76 They are not articulated into lines of hills. 1935 J. B. Scherer Introd. in C. Lal Secrets of Japan p. iii Foreign writers usually articulate a skeleton from the dry bones of history and envelope it with flesh and blood kneaded from their own observations. 1997 J. Bloomenthal in J. Bloomenthal et al. Introd. Implicit Surfaces i. 32 A useful skeletal design system should display..the skeleton, the volume surrounding the skeletal elements, and the surface covering the volumes while allowing the designer to articulate the skeleton. 10. intransitive. To meet at or form a joint (esp. with another bone); to be united by a joint. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > be or become joined together [verb (intransitive)] > form a joint articulate1578 joint1772 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 24 Not far from those Tubercles or productions, which we haue nominated to articulate with the transuerse Processes of the Spondill, the ribbes are endewed with an other prominent portion. 1702 R. Mead Mech. Acct. Poisons i. 39 The First [bone of the Lower Jaw]..articulates with the Second of the Common Bones. 1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 390 One meets with Obstacles from the Parts that surround it, even the Scapula itself, on which it articulates. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 15 The human head does not articulate in the centre of gravity. 1847 D. T. Ansted Anc. World viii. 168 These latter bones again also articulate with the breast-bone. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vii. 171 The hollow of the cup articulates with a spheroidal surface furnished by the humerus. 1999 Injury 30 469/2 Tibia articulates at both knee and ankle by a hinge like arrangement. 2005 R. McNeill Alexander Human Bones iv. 103 The head (extreme end) of the rib articulates with a facet on the centrum of a thoracic vertebra. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1531v.1551
随便看	to beat black and blue to beat cockfighting to beat creation to beat down to beat etc the tar out of to beat etcwith the spit to beat everything to beat fat to beat formerly also go about the bush to beat formerly also seek about the bush to beat formerly also wend about the bush to beat goose to beat handsmooth to beat in to beat into to beat into fits to beat into one's head to beat into one's mind to beat it to beat it out to beat it up to beat knock the tar out of to beat off to beat on to beat one hollow